Impact of changes in atmospheric conditions in modulating summer dust concentration at Barbados: A back-trajectory analysis

Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres

Volumn 114, Issue 17, 2009, Pages

  Engelstaedter, S ^a   Washington, R ^b   Mahowald, N ^a  

^a Institute for the Study of the Continents   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ATMOSPHERIC MOVEMENTS; METEOROLOGY; MODULATION; OCEANOGRAPHY;

ANNUAL CYCLE; ATLANTIC OCEAN; ATMOSPHERIC CONDITIONS; ATMOSPHERIC DUST; ATMOSPHERIC TRANSPORT; BACK TRAJECTORY ANALYSIS; DAY-TO-DAY VARIABILITY; DRY DEPOSITION; DUST CONCENTRATIONS; DUST EMISSION; DUST LOADING; DUST TRANSPORT; HIGH VARIABILITY; LESS-DIFFUSION; NORTH AFRICA; NORTH ATLANTIC; SOURCE REGION; STATISTICALLY SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCE; SYNOPTIC METEOROLOGY; TIME-SCALES; TRANSPORT PATHWAYS; TRANSPORT SPEED; WEST AFRICA; WET DEPOSITION;

DUST;

ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION; ATMOSPHERIC TRANSPORT; DUST; SYNOPTIC METEOROLOGY; TRAJECTORY;

ATLANTIC ISLANDS; ATLANTIC OCEAN; BARBADOS; CARIBBEAN ISLANDS; LESSER ANTILLES;

EID: 72049105354     PISSN: 01480227     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/2008JD011180     Document Type: Article

References (81)

1. Bou Karam, D., C. Flamant, P. Knippertz, O. Reitebuch, J. Pelon, M. Chong, and A. Dabas (2008), Dust emissions over the Sahel associated with the West African monsoon intertropical discontinuity region: A representative case study, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 134, 621-634.
2. Boy, J., and W. Wilcke (2008), Tropical Andean forest derives calcium and magnesium from Saharan dust, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 22, GB1027, doi:10.1029/2007GB002960. (Pubitemid 351850873)
3. Brooks, N., and M. Legrand (2000), Dust variability over northern Africa and rainfall in the Sahel, in Linking Land Surface Change to Climate Change, edited by S. J. McLaren and D. Kniverton, pp. 1-25, Kluwer Acad., Dordrecht, Netherlands.
4. Brown, A. R., A. C. M. Beljaars, and H. Hersbach (2006), Errors in parametrizations of convective boundary-layer turbulent momentum mixing, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 132(619), 1859-1876.
5. Callot, Y., B. Marticorena, and G. Bergametti (2000), Geomorphologic approach for modelling the surface features of arid environments in a model of dust emissions: Application to the Sahara desert, Geodin. Acta, 13, 245-270. (Pubitemid 32007504)
6. Carlson, T. N., and J. M. Prospero (1972), The large scale movement of Saharan air outbreaks over the northern equatorial Atlantic, J. Appl. Meteorol., 16, 1368-1371.
7. Chiapello, I., and C. Moulin (2002), TOMS and METEOSAT satellite records of the variability of Saharan dust transport over the Atlantic during the last two decades (1979-1997), Geophys. Res. Lett., 29(8), 1176, doi:10.1029/ 2001GL013767.
8. Chiapello, I., G. Bergametti, L. Gomes, B. Chatenet, F. Dulac, J. Pimenta, and E. S. Suares (1995), An additional low layer transport of Sahelian and Saharan dust over the north-eastern tropical Atlantic, Geophys. Res. Lett., 22, 3191-3194. (Pubitemid 26446196)
9. Chiapello, I., J. M. Prospero, J. R. Herman, and N. C. Hsu (1999), Detection of mineral dust over the North Atlantic Ocean and Africa with the Nimbus 7 TOMS, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 9277-9291. (Pubitemid 29370735)
10. Chiapello, I., C. Moulin, and J. M. Prospero (2005), Understanding the long-term variability of African dust transport across the Atlantic as recorded in both Barbados surface concentrations and large-scale Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) optical thickness, J. Geophys. Res., 110, D18S10, doi:10.1029/2004JD005132. (Pubitemid 41582675)
11. Colarco, P. R., et al. (2003), Saharan dust transport to the Caribbean during PRIDE: 2. Transport, vertical profiles, and deposition in simulations of in situ and remote sensing observations, J. Geophys. Res., 108(D19), 8590, doi:10.1029/2002JD002659.
12. Dockery, D. W., and P. H. Stone (2007), Cardiovascular risks from fine particulate air pollution, New Engl. J. Med., 356, 511-513. (Pubitemid 46193080)
13. Dunion, J. P., and C. S. Marron (2008), A Reexamination of the Jordan Mean Tropical Sounding Based on Awareness of the Saharan Air Layer: Results from 2002, J. Clim., 21, 5242-5253.
14. Dunion, J. P., and C. S. Velden (2004), The impact of the Saharan air layer on Atlantic tropical cyclone activity, Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 85, 353-365.
15. Engelstaedter, S., and R. Washington (2007), Atmospheric controls on the annual cycle of North African dust, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D03103, doi:10.1029/2006JD007195. (Pubitemid 47248864)
16. Engelstaedter, S., R. Washington, and I. Tegen (2006), North African dust emissions and transport, Earth Sci. Rev., 79(1-2), 73-100. (Pubitemid 44734560)
17. Evan, A. T., J. Dunion, J. A. Foley, A. K. Heidinger, and C. S. Velden (2006a), New evidence for a relationship between Atlantic tropical cyclone activity and African dust outbreaks, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L19813, doi:10.1029/2006GL026408.
18. Evan, A. T., A. K. Heidinger, and P. Knippertz (2006b), Analysis of winter dust activity off the coast of West Africa using a new 24-year over-water advanced very high resolution radiometer satellite dust climatology, J. Geophys. Res., 111, D12210, doi:10.1029/2005JD006336.
19. Formenti, P., M. O. Andreae, L. Lange, G. Roberts, J. Cafmeyer, I. Rajta, W. Maenhaut, B. N. Holben, P. Artaxo, and J. Lelieveld (2001), Saharan dust in Brazil and Suriname during the Large-Scale Biosphere-Atmosphere Experiment in Amazonia (LBA)-Cooperative LBA Regional Experiment (CLAIRE) in March 1998, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 14,919-14,934. (Pubitemid 32804618)
20. Han, Q. Y., W. B. Rossow, J. Chou, and R. M. Welch (1998), Global survey of the relationships of cloud albedo and liquid water path with droplet size using ISCCP, J. Clim., 11, 1516-1528.
21. Hand, J., N. Mahowald, Y. Chen, R. Siefert, C. Luo, A. Subramaniam, and I. Fung (2004), Estimates of soluble iron from observations and a global mineral aerosol model: Biogeochemical implications, J. Geophys. Res., 109, D17205, doi:10.1029/2004JD004574. (Pubitemid 39547474)
22. Haywood, J., and O. Boucher (2000), Estimates of the direct and indirect radiative forcing due to tropospheric aerosols: A review, Rev. Geophys., 38, 513-543. (Pubitemid 32012282)
23. Haywood, J. M., P. N. Francis, M. D. Glew, and J. P. Taylor (2001), Optical properties and direct radiative effect of Saharan dust: A case study of two Saharan dust outbreaks using aircraft data, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 18,417-18,430.
24. Herman, J. R., and E. A. Celarier (1997), Earth surface reflectivity climatology at 340-380 nm from TOMS data, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 28,003-28,011.
25. Herman, J. R., P. K. Bhartia, O. Torres, C. Hsu, C. Seftor, and E. Celarier (1997), Global distribution of UV-absorbing aerosols from Nimbus 7/TOMS data, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 16,911-16,922.
26. Israelevich, P. L., E. Ganor, Z. Levin, and J. H. Joseph (2003), Annual variations of physical properties of desert dust over Israel, J. Geophys. Res., 108(D13), 4381, doi:10.1029/2002JD003163.
27. Jickells, T. D., et al. (2005), Global iron connections between desert dust, ocean biogeochemistry, and climate, Science, 308, 67-71.
28. Jones, C., N. Mahowald, and C. Luo (2003), The role of easterly waves on African desert dust transport, J. Clim., 16, 3617-3628. (Pubitemid 38070229)
29. Jones, C., N. Mahowald, and C. Luo (2004), Observational evidence of African desert dust intensification of easterly waves, Geophys. Res. Lett., 31(17), L17208, doi:10.1029/2004GL020107. (Pubitemid 39583637)
30. Karyampudi, V. M., and T. N. Carlson (1988), Analysis and numerical simulations of the saharan air layer and its effect on easterly wave disturbances, J. Atmos. Sci., 45, 3102-3136.
31. Karyampudi, V. M., and H. F. Pierce (2002), Synoptic-scale influence of the Saharan air layer on tropical cyclogenesis over the eastern Atlantic, Mon. Weather Rev., 130, 3100-3128.
32. Karyampudi, V. M., et al. (1999), Validation of the Saharan dust plume conceptual model using lidar, Meteosat, and ECMWF data, Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 80, 1045-1075.
33. Kaufman, Y. J., I. Koren, L. A. Remer, D. Tanré, P. Ginoux, and S. Fan (2005), Dust transport and deposition observed from the Terra-Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) spacecraft over the Atlantic ocean, J. Geophys. Res., 110, D10S12, doi:10.1029/2003JD004436.
34. Kinne, S., et al. (2006), An AeroCom initial assessment - optical properties in aerosol component modules of global models, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 1815-1834. (Pubitemid 44198644)
35. Koren, I., Y. J. Kaufman, D. Rosenfeld, L. A. Remer, and Y. Rudich (2005), Aerosol invigoration and restructuring of Atlantic convective clouds, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L14828, doi:10.1029/2005GL023187. (Pubitemid 41372648)
36. Koren, I., Y. J. Kaufman, R. Washington, M. C. Todd, Y. Rudich, J. V. Martins, and D. Rosenfeld (2006), The Bodélé depression: A single spot in the Sahara that provides most of the mineral dust to the Amazon forest, Environ. Res. Lett., 1, 014005, doi:10.1088/1748-9326/1/1/014005.
37. Levin, Z., E. Ganor, and V. Gladstein (1996), The effects of desert particles coated with sulfate on rain formation in the eastern Mediterranean, J. Appl. Meteorol., 35, 1511-1523. (Pubitemid 27365364)
38. Li-Jones, X., and J. M. Prospero (1998), Variations in the size distribution of non-sea-salt sulfate aerosol in the marine boundary layer at Barbados: Impact of African dust, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 16,073-16,084. (Pubitemid 128501172)
39. Luo, C., N. Mahowald, and J. d. Corral (2003), Sensitivity study of meteorological parameters on mineral aerosol mobilization, transport and distribution, J. Geophys. Res., 108(D15), 4447, doi:10.1029/2003JD003483.
40. Luo, C., N. Mahowald, and C. Jones (2004), Temporal variability of dust mobilization and concentration in source regions, J. Geophys. Res., 109, D20202, doi:10.1029/2004JD004861. (Pubitemid 40098461)
41. Mahowald, N. M., and J. L. Dufresne (2004), Sensitivity of TOMS aerosol index to boundary layer height: Implications for detection of mineral aerosol sources, Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L03103, doi:10.1029/2003GL018865.
42. Mahowald, N. M., P. J. Rasch, B. E. Eaton, S. Whittlestone, and R. G. Prinn (1997), Transport of (222)radon to the remote troposphere using the model of atmospheric transport and chemistry and assimilated winds from ECMWF and the National Center for Environmental Prediction NCAR, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 28,139-28,151.
43. Mahowald, N., C. Zender, C. Luo, D. Savoie, O. Torres, and J. del Corral (2002), Understanding the 30-year Barbados desert dust record, J. Geophys. Res., 107(D21), 4561, doi:10.1029/2002JD002097. (Pubitemid 43211937)
44. Mahowald, N., C. Luo, J. del Corral, and C. S. Zender (2003), Interannual variability in atmospheric mineral aerosols from a 22-year model simulation and observational data, J. Geophys. Res., 108(D12), 4352, doi:10.1029/2002JD002821. (Pubitemid 38143785)
45. Mahowald, N. M., D. R. Muhs, S. Levis, P. J. Rasch, M. Yoshioka, C. S. Zender, and C. Luo (2006), Change in atmospheric mineral aerosols in response to climate: Last glacial period, preindustrial, modern, and doubled carbon dioxide climates, J. Geophys. Res., 111, D10202, doi:10.1029/2005JD006653.
46. Maring, H., D. L. Savoie, M. A. Izaguirre, L. Custals, and J. S. Reid (2003), Mineral dust aerosol size distribution change during atmospheric transport, J. Geophys. Res., 108(D19), 8592, doi:10.1029/2002JD002536. (Pubitemid 38047566)
47. Marticorena, B., and G. Bergametti (1996), Two-year simulations of seasonal and interannual changes of the Saharan dust emissions, Geophys. Res. Lett., 23, 1921-1924. (Pubitemid 27127852)
48. Middleton, N. J., and A. S. Goudie (2001), Saharan dust: Sources and trajectories, Trans. Inst. Brit. Geogr., 26, 165-181.
49. Miller, R. L., J. Perlwitz, and I. Tegen (2004), Feedback upon dust emission by dust radiative forcing through the planetary boundary layer, J. Geophys. Res., 109, D24209, doi:10.1029/2004JD004912.
50. Miller, R. L., et al. (2006), Mineral dust aerosols in the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Sciences ModelE atmospheric general circulation model, J. Geophys. Res., 111, D06208, doi:10.1029/2005JD005796.
51. Moulin, C., and I. Chiapello (2006), Impact of human-induced desertification on the intensification of Sahel dust emission and export over the last decades, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L18808, doi:10.1029/2006GL025923. (Pubitemid 351147939)
52. Moulin, C., F. Guillard, F. Dulac, and C. E. Lambert (1997a), Long-term daily monitoring of Saharan dust load over ocean usingMeteosat ISCCP-B2 data: 1. Methodology and preliminary results for 1983-1994 in the Mediterranean, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 16,947-16,958.
53. Moulin, C., C. E. Lambert, F. Dulac, and U. Dayan (1997b), Control of atmospheric export of dust from North Africa by the North Atlantic oscillation, Nature, 387, 691-694. (Pubitemid 27270605)
54. Mounier, F., and S. Janicot (2004), Evidence of two independent modes of convection at intraseasonal timescale in the West African summer monsoon, Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L16116, doi:10.1029/2004GL020665. (Pubitemid 39428465)
55. Muhs, D. R., J. R. Budahn, J. M. Prospero, and S. N. Carey (2007), Geochemical evidence for African dust inputs to soils of western Atlantic islands: Barbados, the Bahamas, and Florida, J. Geophys. Res., 112, F02009, doi:10.1029/2005JF000445.
56. Ozer, P. (2001), Les lithometeores en region sahelienne, Int. J. Trop. Ecol. Geogr., 24, 1-317.
57. Petit, R. H., M. Legrand, I. Jankowiak, J. Molinié, C. Asselin de Beauville, G. Marion, and J. L. Mansot (2005), Transport of Saharan dust over the Caribbean islands: Study of an event, J. Geophys. Res., 110, D18S09, doi:10.1029/2004JD004748.
58. Prospero, J. M. (1996), The atmospheric transport of particles to the ocean, in Particle Flux in the Ocean, edited by V. Ittekkot et al., pp. 19-52, John Wiley, Chichester, U. K.
59. Prospero, J. M., and T. N. Carlson (1972), Vertical and areal distribution of Saharan Dust over Western Equatorial North-Atlantic Ocean, J. Geophys. Res., 77, 5255-5265.
60. Prospero, J. M., and T. N. Carlson (1981), Saharan air outbreaks over the Tropical North-Atlantic, Pure Appl. Geophys., 119, 677-691.
61. Prospero, J. M., and P. J. Lamb (2003), African droughts and dust transport to the Caribbean: Climate change implications, Science, 302, 1024-1027.
62. Prospero, J. M., and R. T. Nees (1986), Impact of the North African Drought and El-Nino on mineral dust in the Barbados trade winds, Nature, 320, 735-738.
63. Prospero, J. M., R. A. Glaccum, and R. T. Nees (1981), Atmospheric transport of soil dust from Africa to South-America, Nature, 289, 570-572. (Pubitemid 11270893)
64. Prospero, J. M., P. Ginoux, O. Torres, S. E. Nicholson, and T. E. Gill (2002), Environmental characterization of global sources of atmospheric soil dust identified with the Nimbus 7 Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) absorbing aerosol product, Rev. Geophys., 40(1), 1002, doi:10.1029/2000RG000095.
65. Reid, J. S., D. L. Westphal, J. M. Livingston, D. L. Savoie, H. B. Maring, H. H. Jonsson, D. P. Eleuterio, J. E. Kinney, and E. A. Reid (2002), Dust vertical distribution in the Caribbean during the Puerto Rico dust experiment, Geophys. Res. Lett., 29(7), 1151, doi:10.1029/2001GL014092.
66. Rosenfeld, D., Y. Rudich, and R. Lahav (2001), Desert dust suppressing precipitation: A possible desertification feedback loop, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., 98, 5975-5980. (Pubitemid 32488178)
67. Schollaert, S. E., and J. T. Merrill (1998), Cooler sea surface west of the Sahara Desert correlated to dust events, Geophys. Res. Lett., 25, 3529-3532.
68. Schütz, L. (1979), Sahara dust transport over theNorthAtlantic ocean - model calculations and measurements, in Saharan Dust: Mobilization, Transport, Deposition, edited by C. Morales, pp. 267-277, John Wiley, New York.
69. Seinfeld, J. H., and S. N. Pandis (2006), Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics: From Air Pollution to Climate Change, Wiley, Hoboken, N. J.
70. Smirnov, A., B. N. Holben, D. Savoie, J. M. Prospero, Y. J. Kaufman, D. Tanre, T. F. Eck, and I. Slutsker (2000), Relationship between column aerosol optical thickness and in situ ground based dust concentrations over Barbados, Geophys. Res. Lett., 27, 1643-1646. (Pubitemid 32040506)
71. Sokolik, I. N., and O. B. Toon (1996), Direct radiative forcing by anthropogenic airborne mineral aerosols, Nature, 381, 681-683. (Pubitemid 27031382)
72. Sokolik, I. N., D. M. Winker, G. Bergametti, D. A. Gillette, G. Carmichael, Y. J. Kaufman, L. Gomes, L. Schuetz, and J. E. Penner (2001), Introduction to special section: Outstanding problems in quantifying the radiative impacts of mineral dust, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 18,015-18,027.
73. Stephens, G. L., N. B. Wood, and L. A. Pakula (2004), On the radiative effects of dust on tropical convection, Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L23112, doi:10.1029/2004GL021342.
74. Swap, R., M. Garstang, S. Greco, R. Talbot, and P. Kallberg (1992), Saharan dust in the Amazon Basin, Tellus, Ser. B-Chem. Phys. Meteorol., 44, 133-149.
75. Talbot, R. W., R. C. Harriss, E. V. Browell, G. L. Gregory, D. I. Sebacher, and S. M. Beck (1986), Distribution and geochemistry of aerosols in the tropical North Atlantic troposphere: Relationship to Saharan dust, J. Geophys. Res., 91, 5173-5182.
76. Tegen, I. (2003), Modeling the mineral dust aerosol cycle in the climate system, Quat. Sci. Rev., 22, 1821-1834.
77. Tegen, I., A. A. Lacis, and I. Fung (1996), The influence on climate forcing of mineral aerosols from disturbed soils, Nature, 380, 419-422. (Pubitemid 3042347)
78. Washington, R., M. C. Todd, S. Engelstaedter, S. Mbainayel, and F. Mitchell (2006), Dust and the low-level circulation over the Bodélé Depression, Chad: Observations from BoDEx 2005, J. Geophys. Res., 111, D03201, doi:10.1029/2005JD006502.
79. Wong, S., and A. E. Dessler (2005), Suppression of deep convection over the tropical North Atlantic by the Saharan Air Layer, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L09808, doi:10.1029/2004GL022295. (Pubitemid 40875839)
80. Wurzler, S., T. G. Reisin, and Z. Levin (2000), Modification of mineral dust particles by cloud processing and subsequent effects on drop size distributions, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 4501-4512. (Pubitemid 30787806)
81. Zender, C. S., H. S. Bian, and D. Newman (2003), Mineral Dust Entrainment and Deposition (DEAD) model: Description and 1990s dust climatology, J. Geophys. Res., 108(D14), 4416, doi:10.1029/2002JD002775.