PUFA for human health: Diet or supplementation?

Current Pharmaceutical Design

Volumn 15, Issue 36, 2009, Pages 4186-4190

  Abete, P ^a   Testa, G ^a   Galizia, G ^a   Della Morte, D ^a   Cacciatore, F ^a,b   Rengo, F ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NAPLES FEDERICO II   (Italy)

^b IRCCS   (Italy)

Author keywords

Diet; Omega 3 fatty acids; Supplementation; Triglycerides

Indexed keywords

ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID; ANTILIPEMIC AGENT; ARACHIDONIC ACID; DOCOSAHEXAENOIC ACID; ICOSAPENTAENOIC ACID; OMEGA 3 FATTY ACID; OMEGA 3 FATTY ACID ETHYL ESTER; PLACEBO; POLYUNSATURATED FATTY ACID; TRIACYLGLYCEROL; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

BACKACHE; CLINICAL TRIAL; DIET SUPPLEMENTATION; DIET THERAPY; DRUG APPROVAL; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG ERUPTION; DRUG FORMULATION; DRUG MEGADOSE; DRUG OVERDOSE; DRUG SAFETY; DYSPEPSIA; ERUCTATION; FISH; FLU LIKE SYNDROME; FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION; FOOD INTAKE; HUMAN; HYPERTRIGLYCERIDEMIA; INFECTION; MEDLINE; NONHUMAN; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RESTENOSIS; REVIEW; TASTE DISORDER; TRIACYLGLYCEROL BLOOD LEVEL; UNITED STATES;

DIET; DIETARY FATS; DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS; FATTY ACIDS, OMEGA-3; HUMANS;

EID: 71849083024     PISSN: 13816128     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2174/138161209789909665     Document Type: Review

References (53)

1. Covington MB. Omega-3 fatty acids. Am Fam Physician 2004; 70: 133-140
2. Oh R. Practical applications of fish oil (omega-3 fatty acids) in primary care. J Am Board Fam Pract 2005; 18: 28-36. (Pubitemid 41657633)
3. Lee S, Gura KM, Kim S, Arsenault DA, Bistrian BR, Puder M. Current clinical applications of omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids. Nutr Clin Pract 2006; 21: 323-341
4. Bays HE, Tighe AP, Sadovsky R, Davidson MH. Prescription omega-3 fatty acids and their lipid effects: physiologic mechanisms of action and clinical implications. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2008; 6: 391-409.
5. Kris-Etherton P, Harris W, Appel L, American Heart Association (AHA), AHA Nutrition Committee. Fish consumption, fish oil,omega-3 fatty acids, and cardiovascular disease. Circulation 2002; 106: 2747-2757 (Pubitemid 35364932)
6. Harris WS. n-3 fatty acids and serum lipoproteins: human studies. Am J Clin Nutr 1997; 65: 1645S-54.
7. Burr ML, Fehily AM, Gilbert JF, Rogers S, Holliday RM, Sweetnam PM, et al. Effects of changes in fat, fish, and fibre intakes on death and myocardial reinfarction: diet and reinfarction trial (DART). Lancet 1989; 2: 757-761 (Pubitemid 19234807)
8. Marchioli R, Barzi F, Bomba E, Chieffo C, Di Gregorio D, Di Mascio R, et al. Early protection against sudden death by n3 polyunsaturated fatty acids after myocardial infarction: time-course analysis of the results of the Gruppo Italiano per lo Studio della Sopravvivenza nell'Infarto Miocardico (GISSI)-Prevenzione. Circulation 2002; 105: 1897-1903 (Pubitemid 34437615)
9. Demaison L, Moreau D. Dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and coronary heart disease related mortality: a possible mechanism of action. Cell Mol Life Sci 2002; 59: 463-477 (Pubitemid 34267387)
10. Ander BP, Weber AR, Rampersad PP, Gilchrist JS, Pierce GN, Lukas A. Dietary flaxseed protects against ventricular fibrillation induced by ischemia reperfusion in normal and hypercholesterolemic rabbits. J Nutr 2004; 134: 3250-3256 (Pubitemid 39602994)
11. Knapp H. Dietary fatty acids in human thrombosis and hemostasis. Am J Clin Nutr 1997; 65: 1687S-98. (Pubitemid 27187965)
12. O'Keefe JH Jr, Abuissa H, Sastre A, Steinhaus DM, Harris WS. Effects of omega-3 fatty acids on resting heart rate, heart rate recovery after exercise, and heart rate variability in men with healed myocardial infarctions and depressed ejection fractions. Am J Cardiol 2006; 97: 1127-1130
13. Geleijnse JM, Giltay EJ, Grobbee DE, Donders AR, Kok FJ. Blood pressure response to fish oil supplementation: meta regression analysis of randomized trials. J Hypertens 2002; 20: 1493-1499
14. Ruxton CH, Reed SC, Simpson MJ, Millington KJ. The health benefits of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids: a review of the evidence. J Hum Nutr Diet 2007; 20: 275-285 (Pubitemid 46864278)
15. Sampath H, Ntambi J. Polyunsaturated fatty acid regulation of gene expression. Nutr Rev 2004; 62: 333-339 (Pubitemid 39299134)
16. Hokanson JE, Austin MA. Plasma triglyceride level is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease independent of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level: a meta-analysis of population-based prospective studies. J Cardiovasc Risk 1996; 3: 213-219
17. Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults. Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III) final report. Circulation 2002; 106: 3143-3421
18. Lewis A, Lookinland S, Beckstrand R, Tiedeman M. Treatment of hypertriglyceridemia with omega-3 fatty acids: a systematic review. J Am Acad Nurse Pract 2004; 16: 384-395
19. Mackness MI, Bhatnagar D, Durrington PN, Prais H, Haynes B, Morgan J, et al. Effects of new fish oil concentrate on plasma lipids and lipoproteins in patients with hypertriglyceridemia. Eur J Clin Nutr 1994; 48: 859-865
20. Grundt H, Nilsen DW, Hetland O, Aarsland T, Baksaas I, Grande T, et al. Improvement of serum lipids and blood pressure during intervention with n-3 fatty acids was not associated with changes in insulin levels in subjects with combined hyperlipidaemia. J Intern Med 1995; 237: 249-259
21. Borthwick L. The effects of an omega-3 ethyl ester concentrate on blood lipid concentrations in patients with hyperlipidaemia. Clin Drug Invest 1998; 15: 397-404 (Pubitemid 28243007)
22. Harris WS, Ginsberg HN, Arunakul N, Shachter NS, Windsor SL, Adams M, et al. Safety and efficacy of Omacor® in severe hypertriglyceridemia. J Cardiovasc Risk 1997; 4: 385-391 (Pubitemid 28078682)
23. Pownall HJ, Brauchi D, Kilinç C, Osmundsen K, Pao Q, Payton-Ross C, et al. Correlation of serum triglyceride and its reduction by ω-3 fatty acids with lipid transfer activity and the neutral lipid compositions of high-density and low-density lipoproteins. Atherosclerosis 1999; 143: 285-297 (Pubitemid 29166909)
24. Calabresi L, Donati D, Pazzucconi F, Sirtori CR, Franceschini G. Omacor® in familial combined hyperlipidaemia: effects on lipids and low density lipoprotein subclasses. Atherosclerosis 2000; 148: 387-396 (Pubitemid 30064470)
25. Durrington PN, Bhatnagar D, Mackness MI, Morgan J, Julier K, Khan MA, et al. An omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid concentrate administered for one year decreased triglycerides in simvastatin treated patients with coronary heart disease and persisting hypertriglyceridemia. Heart 2001; 85: 544-548 (Pubitemid 32973499)
26. Harris WS. n-3 fatty acids and lipoproteins: comparison of results from human and animal studies. Lipids 1996; 31: 243-252
27. Harris W, Bulchandani D. Why do omega-3 fatty acids lower serum triglycerides? Curr Opin Lipidol 2006; 17: 387-393
28. Brenna J. Efficiency of conversion of alpha-linolenic acid to long chain n-3 fatty acids in man. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2002; 5: 127-132
29. Arterburn L, Hall E, Oken H. Distribution, inter conversion, and dose response of n-3 fatty acids in humans. Am J Clin Nutr 2006; 83: 1467S-76. (Pubitemid 44713087)
30. Williams C, Burdge G. Long-chain n-3 PUFA: plant v. marine sources. Proc Nutr Soc 2006; 65: 42-50. (Pubitemid 43259983)
31. Jump DB. The biochemistry of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. J Biol Chem 2002; 277: 8755-8758 (Pubitemid 34952937)
32. Kris-Etherton P, Taylor D, Yu-Poth S, Huth P, Moriarty K, Fishell V, et al. Polyunsaturated fatty acids in the food chain in the United States. Am J Clin Nutr 2000; 71: 179S-88. (Pubitemid 30046114)
33. Gebauer S, Psota T, Harris W, Kris-Etherton P. n-3 Fatty acid dietary recommendations and food sources to achieve essentiality and cardiovascular benefits. Am J Clin Nutr 2006; 83: 1526S-35. (Pubitemid 44713094)
34. Harris WS. Fish oil supplementation: evidence for health benefits. Cleve Clin J Med 2004; 71: 208-221 (Pubitemid 38401139)
35. Mahaffey K. Fish and shellfish as dietary sources of methylmercury and the ω-3 fatty acids, eicosahexaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid: risks and benefits. Environ Res 2004; 95: 414-428 (Pubitemid 38833593)
36. Food and Drug Administration. United States Food and Drug Administration (Federal Register). Pharmaceutical cGMPS for the 21st Century - A Risk-Based Approach: Second Progress Report and Implementation Plan 2003.
37. Bucher H, Hengstler P, Schindler C, Meier G. N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in coronary heart disease: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Am J Med 2002; 112: 298-304. (Pubitemid 34219443)
38. Studer M, Briel M, Leimenstoll B, Glass TR, Bucher HC. Effect of different anti-lipidemic agents and diets on mortality: a systematic review. Arch Intern Med 2005; 165: 725-730 (Pubitemid 40569423)
39. Omacor® prescribing information. Liberty Corner, NJ: Reliant Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 2005.
40. Miller GJ. Dietary fatty acids and the haemostatic system. Atherosclerosis 2005; 179: 213-227 (Pubitemid 40364614)
41. Harris WS. Expert opinion: omega-3 fatty acids and bleeding - cause for concern? Am J Cardiol 2007; 99: S44-6
42. Eritsland J, Arnesen H, Seljeflot I, Høstmark AT. Long-term metabolic effects of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in patients with coronary artery disease. Am J Clin Nutr 1995; 61(4): 831-836
43. Johansen O, Brekke M, Seljeflot I, Abdelnoor M, Arnesen H. N-3 fatty acids do not prevent restenosis after coronary angioplasty: results from the CART study. Coronary Angioplasty Restenosis Trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 1999; 33: 1619-1626
44. [No author listed]. Fish oil supplements. Med Lett Drugs Ther 2006; 48: 59-60
45. Bryhn M, Hansteen H, Schanche T, Aakre S. The bioavailability and pharmacodynamics of different concentrations of omega-3acid ethyl esters. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2006; 75: 19-24
46. Sanders T, Sullivan D, Reeve J, Thompson G. Triglyceride lowering effect of marine polyunsaturates in patients with hypertriglyceridemia. Arteriosclerosis 1985; 5: 459-465 (Pubitemid 15231301)
47. Chee KM, Gong JX, Rees DM, Meydani M, Ausman L, Johnson J, et al. Fatty acid content of marine oil capsules. Lipids 1990; 25: 523-528 (Pubitemid 20327612)
48. Consumer Lab.com. Product review: omega-3 fatty acids (EPA and DHA) from fish/marine oils. 2006 http: //www.consumerlab.com/reviews/Omega-3-Fatty-Acids- EPA-and-DHA-from-Fish-Marine-Oils/omega3/ [Retrieved on july 2009]
49. Bays HE. Safety considerations with omega-3 fatty acid therapy. Am J Cardiol 2007; 99: 35C-43.
50. Food and Drug Administration Talk Paper. FDA finalizes rules for claims on dietary supplements. Available at http: //vm.cfsan.fda.gov/~lrd/tpdsclm.html. [Retrieved on 28/7/2009].
51. Crouser E, Exline M, Knoell D, Wewers MD. Sepsis: links between pathogen sensing and organ damage. Curr Pharm Des 2008; 14(19): 1840-1852
52. Saulnier DM, Kolida S, Gibson GR. Microbiology of the human intestinal tract and approaches for its dietary modulation. Curr Pharm Des 2009; 15(13): 1403-1414
53. Trosko JE. Role of diet and nutrition on the alteration of the quality and quantity of stem cells in human aging and the diseases of aging. Curr Pharm Des 2008; 14(26): 2707-2718