Endofungal bacteria as producers of mycotoxins

Trends in Microbiology

Volumn 17, Issue 12, 2009, Pages 570-576

  Lackner, Gerald ^a   Partida Martinez, Laila P ^a   Hertweck, Christian ^a,b  

^a HANS KNÖLL INSTITUTE   (Germany)

^b FRIEDRICH SCHILLER UNIVERSITY JENA   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CYCLOPEPTIDE; RHIZOXIN;

BIOSYNTHESIS; BLIGHT; BURKHOLDERIA; FOOD CONTAMINATION; FOOD SPOILAGE; GENETIC CONSERVATION; MICROBIAL GENETICS; MOLECULAR MECHANICS; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; RHIZOPUS; SYMBIOSIS; TOXIN ANALYSIS; TOXIN STRUCTURE; TOXIN SYNTHESIS; VERTICAL TRANSMISSION;

BACTERIA; FUNGI; MYCOTOXINS; SYMBIOSIS;

ANIMALIA; FUNGI;

EID: 70449732633     PISSN: 0966842X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2009.09.003     Document Type: Review

References (67)

1. Hussein H.S., and Brasel J.M. Toxicity, metabolism, and impact of mycotoxins on humans and animals. Toxicology 167 (2001) 101-134
2. Peraica M., et al. Toxic effects of mycotoxins in humans. Bull. World Health Organ. 77 (1999) 754-766
3. Richard J.L. Some major mycotoxins and their mycotoxicoses - an overview. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 119 (2007) 3-10
4. Fung F., and Clark R.F. Health effects of mycotoxins: a toxicological overview. J. Toxicol. Clin. Toxicol. 42 (2004) 217-234
5. Bohra N.K., and Purohit D.K. Fungal toxicity with special reference to mycotoxins. J. Environ. Biol. 24 (2003) 213-221
6. Moebius N., and Hertweck C. Mycotoxins as mediators of plant virulence. Curr. Opin. Plant Biol. 12 (2009) 1-9
7. Bacon C.W., et al. Epichloe typhina from toxic tall fescue grasses. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 34 (1977) 576-581
8. Schardl C.L. Epichloe festucae and related mutualistic symbionts of grasses. Fungal Genet. Biol. 33 (2001) 69-82
9. Keller N.P., et al. Fungal secondary metabolism - from biochemistry to genomics. Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 3 (2005) 937-947
10. Cox R.J. Polyketides, proteins and genes in fungi: programmed nano-machines begin to reveal their secrets. Org. Biomol. Chem. 5 (2007) 2010-2026
11. Schümann J., and Hertweck C. Advances in cloning, functional analysis and heterologous expression of fungal polyketide synthase genes. J. Biotechnol. 124 (2006) 690-703
12. Sato Z., et al. Studies on rhizoxin, a phytotoxin produced by Rhizopus chinensis causing rice seedling blight. Ann. Phytopathol. Soc. Jpn. 49 (1983) 128
13. Iwasaki S., et al. Studies on macrocyclic lactone antibiotics. VII. Structure of a phytotoxin "rhizoxin" produced by Rhizopus chinensis. J. Antibiot. 37 (1984) 354-362
14. Noda T., et al. The structural changes in young swollen roots of rice seedlings infected with Rhizopus chinensis Saito. Ann. Phytopathol. Soc. Jpn. 46 (1980) 40-45
15. Iwasaki S., et al. Studies on macrocyclic lactone antibiotics. VIII. Absolute structures of rhizoxin and a related compound. J. Antibiot. 39 (1986) 424-429
16. Tsuruo T., et al. Rhizoxin, a macrocyclic lactone antibiotic, as a new antitumor agent against human and murine tumor cells and their vincristine-resistant sublines. Cancer Res. 46 (1986) 381-385
17. Jordan A., et al. Tubulin as a target for anticancer drugs: agents which interact with the mitotic spindle. Med. Res. Rev. 18 (1998) 259-296
18. Hopwood D.A. Genetic contributions to understanding polyketide synthases. Chem. Rev. 97 (1997) 2465-2497
19. Nicholson T.P., et al. Design and utility of oligonucleotide gene probes for fungal polyketide synthases. Chem. Biol. 8 (2001) 157-178
20. Partida-Martinez L.P., et al. Burkholderia rhizoxinica and Burkholderia endofungorum, bacterial endosymbionts of the rice pathogenic fungus Rhizopus microsporus. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 57 (2007) 2583-2590
21. Partida-Martinez L.P., et al. Rhizonin, the first mycotoxin isolated from lower fungi, is not a fungal metabolite, but produced by bacterial endosymbionts. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 73 (2007) 793-797
22. Partida-Martinez L.P., and Hertweck C. Pathogenic fungus harbours endosymbiotic bacteria for toxin production. Nature 437 (2005) 884-888
23. Scherlach K., et al. Antimitotic rhizoxin derivatives from cultured symbionts of the rice pathogenic fungus Rhizopus microsporus. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 128 (2006) 11529-11536
24. Steyn P.S., et al. The isolation, structure, and absolute configuration of the mycotoxin rhizonin A, a novel cyclic heptapeptide containing N-methyl-3-(furyl)alanine, produced by Rhizopus microsporus. J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun. (1983) 47-49
25. Potgieter M., et al. Conformational analysis of the cyclic peptide rhizonin A in solution and crystalline state. Tetrahedron 45 (1989) 2337-2350
26. Wilson T., et al. Toxicity of rhizonin A, isolated from Rhizopus microsporus, in laboratory animals. Food Chem. Toxicol. 22 (1984) 275-281
27. Martin J.F. alpha-aminoadipyl-cysteinyl-valine synthetases in beta-lactam producing organisms - From Abraham's discoveries to novel concepts of non-ribosomal peptide synthesis. J. Antibiot. 53 (2000) 1008-1021
28. Hoppert M., et al. Structure and localization of cyclosporin synthetase, the key enzyme of cyclosporin biosynthesis in Tolypocladium inflatum. Arch. Microbiol. 176 (2001) 285-293
29. Weber G., and Leitner E. Disruption of the cyclosporin synthetase gene of Tolypocladium niveum. Curr. Genet. 26 (1994) 461-467
30. Weber G., et al. The peptide synthetase catalyzing cyclosporine production in Tolypocladium niveum is encoded by a giant 45.8-kilobase open reading frame. Curr. Genet. 26 (1994) 120-125
31. Finking R., and Marahiel M.A. Biosynthesis of nonribosomal peptides. Annu. Rev. Microbiol. 58 (2004) 453-488
32. Schwarzer D., et al. Nonribosomal peptides: from genes to products. Nat. Prod. Rep. 20 (2003) 275-287
33. Partida-Martinez L.P., and Hertweck C. A gene cluster encoding rhizoxin biosynthesis in Burkholderia rhizoxina, the bacterial endosymbiont of the fungus Rhizopus microsporus. ChemBioChem 8 (2007) 41-45
34. Nguyen T., et al. Exploiting the mosaic structure of trans-acyl transferase polyketide synthases for natural product discovery and pathway dissection. Nat. Biotechnol. 26 (2008) 225-233
35. Kusebauch B., et al. Polyketide chain branching by an enzymatic Michael addition. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 48 (2009) 5001-5004
36. Paulsen I.T., et al. Complete genome sequence of the plant commensal Pseudomonas fluorescens Pf-05. Nat. Biotechnol. 23 (2005) 873-878
37. Brendel N., et al. A cryptic PKS/NRPS gene cluster in the plant commensal Pseudomonas fluorescens Pf-5 codes for the biosynthesis of an antimitotic rhizoxin complex. Org. Biomol. Chem. 5 (2007) 2211-2213
38. Herre E.A., et al. The evolution of mutualisms: exploring the paths between conflict and cooperation. Trends Ecol. Evol. 14 (1999) 49-53
39. Partida-Martinez L.P., et al. Endosymbiont-dependent host reproduction maintains bacterial-fungal mutualism. Curr. Biol. 17 (2007) 773-777
40. Lackner G., et al. Global distribution and evolution of a toxinogenic bacterial-fungal symbiosis. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 75 9 (2009) 2982-2986
41. Takahashi M., et al. Molecular basis for determining the sensitivity of eucaryotes to the antimitotic drug rhizoxin. Mol. Gen. Genet. 222 (1990) 169-175
42. Takahashi M., et al. Rhizoxin resistant mutants with an altered β-tubulin gene in Aspergillus nidulans. Mol. Gen. Genet. 220 (1989) 53-59
43. Schmitt I., et al. Evolution of host-resistance in a toxin-producing fungal-bacterial mutualism. ISME J. 2 (2008) 632-641
44. Partida-Martinez L.P., et al. Lack of evidence for endofungal bacteria in the development of Rhizopus-borne zygomycoses in humans. Mycoses 51 (2008) 266-269
45. Jennessen J., et al. Secondary metabolite and mycotoxin production by the Rhizopus microsporus group. J. Agric. Food Chem. 53 (2005) 1833-1840
46. Mohammed S.I., et al. Isolation and characterization of microorganisms associated with the traditional sorghum fermentation for production of Sudanese kisrat. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 57 (1991) 2529-2533
47. Tunçel G., et al. Toxicological, nutritional and microbiological evaluation of tempe fermentation with Rhizopus oligosporus of bitter and sweet apricot seeds. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 11 (1990) 337-344
48. Han B.Z., et al. A Chinese fermented soybean food. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 65 (2001) 1-10
49. Guermani L., et al. Composition and nutritional value of okara fermented by Rhizopus oligosporus. Sci. Aliments 12 (1992) 441-451
50. Keuth S., and Bisping B. Vitamin B12 production by Citrobacter freundii or Klebsiella pneumoniae during tempeh fermentation and proof of enterotoxin absence by PCR. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 60 (1994) 1495-1499
51. Piel J. Metabolites from symbiotic bacteria. Nat. Prod. Rep. 21 (2004) 519-538
52. Piel J. Metabolites from symbiotic bacteria. Nat. Prod. Rep. 26 (2009) 338-362
53. Piel J. A polyketide synthase-peptide synthetase gene cluster from an uncultured bacterial symbiont of Paederus beetles. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 99 (2002) 14002-14007
54. Piel J., et al. Antitumor polyketide biosynthesis by an uncultivated bacterial symbiont of the marine sponge Theonella swinhoei. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 101 (2004) 16222-16227
55. Schmidt E.W., et al. Patellamide A and C biosynthesis by a microcin-like pathway in Prochloron didemni, the cyanobacterial symbiont of Lissoclinum patella. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 102 (2005) 7315-7320
56. Schüßler A., et al. Geosiphon pyriforme, an endosymbiotic association of fungus and cyanobacteria: the spore structure resembles that of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. Bot. Acta 107 (1994) 36-45
57. Schüßler A., and Kluge M. Geosiphon pyriforme, an endocytosymbiosis between fungus and cyanobacteria, and its meaning as a model system for AM research. In: Hock B. (Ed). The Mycota IX (2000), Springer Verlag 151-161
58. MacDonald R.M., and Chandler M.R. Bacterium-like organelles in the vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus caledonius. New Phytol. 89 (1981) 241-246
59. MacDonald R.M., et al. The occurrence of bacterium-like organelles in vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. New Phytol. 90 (1982) 659-663
60. Scannerini S., and Bonfante P. Bacteria and bacteria-like objects in endomycorrhizal fungi (Glomaceae). In: Margulis L., and Fester R. (Eds). Symbiosis as a Source of Evolutionary Innovation: Speciation and Morphogenesis (1991), MIT press 273-287
61. Bianciotto V., et al. An obligately endosymbiotic mycorrhizal fungus itself harbors obligately intracellular bacteria. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 62 (1996) 3005-3010
62. Bianciotto V., et al. Detection and identification of bacterial endosymbionts in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi belonging to the family Gigasporaceae. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 66 (2000) 4503-4509
63. Barbieri E., et al. Phylogenetic characterization and in situ detection of a Cytophaga-Flexibacter-Bacteroides Phylogroup Bacterium in Tuber borchii Vittad. Ectomycorrhizal mycelium. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 66 (2000) 5035-5042
64. Bertaux J., et al. In situ identification of intracellular bacteria related to Paenibacillus spp. in the mycelium of the ectomycorrhizal fungus Laccaria bicolor S238N. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 69 (2003) 4243-4248
65. Bertaux J., et al. Occurrence and distribution of endobacteria in the plant-associated mycelium of the ectomycorrhizal fungus Laccaria bicolor S238N. Environ. Microbiol. 7 (2005) 1786-1795
66. Sharma M., et al. Detection and identification of bacteria intimately associated with fungi of the order Sebacinales. Cell. Microbiol. 10 (2008) 2235-2246
67. Gary Strobel, and Bryn Daisy. Bioprospecting for microbial endophytes and their natural products. Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev. 67 (2003) 491-502