메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 47, Issue 8, 2009, Pages 771-781

Nicotinic plant poisoning

Author keywords

Anabasine; Coniine; Conium; Cytisine; Laburnum; Nicotiana; Nicotine; Plant poisoning

Indexed keywords

ALKALOID; ANABASINE; ATROPINE; BARBITURIC ACID DERIVATIVE; BENZODIAZEPINE; CAULOPHYLLINE; CHOLINERGIC RECEPTOR; CONIINE; CYTISINE; DIAZEPAM; DOPAMINE; GAMMA CONICEINE; HYPERTENSIVE AGENT; INFUSION FLUID; INOTROPIC AGENT; LORAZEPAM; N METHYLCONIINE; NICOTINE; NORADRENALIN; PHENOBARBITAL; PLANT TOXIN; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

EID: 70350378800     PISSN: 15563650     EISSN: 15569519     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/15563650903252186     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (91)

References (81)
  • 1
    • 0000543419 scopus 로고
    • The separation, micro-estimation and distribution of the alkaloids of hemlock (Conium maculatum L.)
    • Cromwell BT. The separation, micro-estimation and distribution of the alkaloids of hemlock (Conium maculatum L.). Biochem J 1956; 64:259-266.
    • (1956) Biochem J , vol.64 , pp. 259-266
    • Cromwell, B.T.1
  • 2
    • 0345130007 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biochemistry of hemlock (Conium maculatum L.) alkaloids and their acute and chronic toxicity in livestock
    • López TA, Cid MS, Bianchini ML. Biochemistry of hemlock (Conium maculatum L.) alkaloids and their acute and chronic toxicity in livestock. A review. Toxicon 1999; 37:841-865.
    • (1999) A Review. Toxicon , vol.37 , pp. 841-865
    • López, T.A.1    Cid, M.S.2    Bianchini, M.L.3
  • 3
    • 0000044871 scopus 로고
    • The alkaloids of hemlock (Conium maculatum L.). stribution in relation to the development of the fruit
    • Fairbairn JW, Challen SB. The alkaloids of hemlock (Conium maculatum L.). Distribution in relation to the development of the fruit. Biochem J 1959; 72:556-561.
    • (1959) Biochem J , vol.72 , pp. 556-561
    • Fairbairn, J.W.1    Challen, S.B.2
  • 4
    • 0344953251 scopus 로고
    • Biosynthesis of hemlock alkaloids. 2. Conversion of gamma-coniceine to coniine and psi-conhydrine
    • Leete E, Adityach N. Biosynthesis of hemlock alkaloids. 2. Conversion of gamma-coniceine to coniine and psi-conhydrine. Phytochemistry 1967; 6:219-223.
    • (1967) Phytochemistry , vol.6 , pp. 219-223
    • Leete, E.1    Adityach, N.2
  • 5
    • 3042654732 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Poison hemlock (Conium maculatum L.)
    • Vetter J. Poison hemlock (Conium maculatum L.). Food Chem Toxicol 2004; 42:1373-1382.
    • (2004) Food Chem Toxicol , vol.42 , pp. 1373-1382
    • Vetter, J.1
  • 8
    • 0037125144 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accidental fatal poisoning by Nicotiana glauca: Identification of anabasine by high performance liquid chromatography/photodiode array/mass spectrometry
    • Steenkamp PA, van Heerden FR, van Wyk BE. Accidental fatal poisoning by Nicotiana glauca: identification of anabasine by high performance liquid chromatography/photodiode array/mass spectrometry. Forensic Sci Int 2002; 127:208-217.
    • (2002) Forensic Sci Int , vol.127 , pp. 208-217
    • Steenkamp, P.A.1    Van Heerden, F.R.2    Van Wyk, B.E.3
  • 9
    • 0033055242 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Another death due to ingestion of Nicotiana glauca
    • Sims DN, James R, Christensen T. Another death due to ingestion of Nicotiana glauca. J Forensic Sci 1999; 44:447-449.
    • (1999) J Forensic Sci , vol.44 , pp. 447-449
    • Sims, D.N.1    James, R.2    Christensen, T.3
  • 15
    • 33747188593 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cytisine for smoking cessation - A literature review and a meta-analysis
    • Etter JF. Cytisine for smoking cessation - a literature review and a meta-analysis. Arch Intern Med 2006; 166:1553-1559.
    • (2006) Arch Intern Med , vol.166 , pp. 1553-1559
    • Etter, J.F.1
  • 16
    • 0344677772 scopus 로고
    • The pharmacological action of n-methylcytisine
    • Scott CC, Chen KK. The pharmacological action of n-methylcytisine. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1943; 79:334-339.
    • (1943) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.79 , pp. 334-339
    • Scott, C.C.1    Chen, K.K.2
  • 17
    • 0037276594 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determination of saponins and alkaloids in Caulophyllum thalictroides (blue cohosh) by high-performance liquid chromatography and evaporative light scattering detection
    • Ganzera M, Dharmaratne HRW, Nanayakkara NPD, Khan IA. Determination of saponins and alkaloids in Caulophyllum thalictroides (blue cohosh) by high-performance liquid chromatography and evaporative light scattering detection. Phytochem Anal 2003; 14:1-7.
    • (2003) Phytochem Anal , vol.14 , pp. 1-7
    • Ganzera, M.1    Dharmaratne, H.R.W.2    Nanayakkara, N.P.D.3    Khan, I.A.4
  • 18
  • 19
    • 0030997234 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of aporphine and quinolizidine alkaloids from Caulophyllum thalictroides by densitometry and HPLC
    • Woldemariam TZ, Betz JM, Houghton PJ. Analysis of aporphine and quinolizidine alkaloids from Caulophyllum thalictroides by densitometry and HPLC. J Pharm Biomed Anal 1997; 15:839-843.
    • (1997) J Pharm Biomed Anal , vol.15 , pp. 839-843
    • Woldemariam, T.Z.1    Betz, J.M.2    Houghton, P.J.3
  • 20
    • 14144253640 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metabolism and disposition kinetics of nicotine
    • Hukkanen J, Jacob P, Benowitz NL. Metabolism and disposition kinetics of nicotine. Pharmacol Rev 2005; 57:79-115.
    • (2005) Pharmacol Rev , vol.57 , pp. 79-115
    • Hukkanen, J.1    Jacob, P.2    Benowitz, N.L.3
  • 21
    • 0023141360 scopus 로고
    • Clinical pharmacokinetics of nicotine
    • Svensson CK. Clinical pharmacokinetics of nicotine. Clin Pharmacokinet 1987; 12:30-40.
    • (1987) Clin Pharmacokinet , vol.12 , pp. 30-40
    • Svensson, C.K.1
  • 22
    • 0020263180 scopus 로고
    • Acute poisoning from the ingestion of Nicotiana glauca
    • Manoguerra AS, Freeman D. Acute poisoning from the ingestion of Nicotiana glauca. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 1982; 19:861-864.
    • (1982) J Toxicol Clin Toxicol , vol.19 , pp. 861-864
    • Manoguerra, A.S.1    Freeman, D.2
  • 23
    • 33846310964 scopus 로고
    • Laburnum poisoning in children; Report on ten cases
    • Mitchell RG. Laburnum poisoning in children; report on ten cases. Lancet 1951; 2:57-58.
    • (1951) Lancet , vol.2 , pp. 57-58
    • Mitchell, R.G.1
  • 26
    • 0024215844 scopus 로고
    • Pharmacologic aspects of cigarette-smoking and nicotine addiction
    • Benowitz NL. Pharmacologic aspects of cigarette-smoking and nicotine addiction. N Engl J Med 1988; 319:1318-1330.
    • (1988) N Engl J Med , vol.319 , pp. 1318-1330
    • Benowitz, N.L.1
  • 27
    • 0025289331 scopus 로고
    • Behavioral and pharmacokinetic studies on nicotine, cytisine and lobeline
    • Reavill C, Walther B, Stolerman IP, Testa B. Behavioral and pharmacokinetic studies on nicotine, cytisine and lobeline. Neuropharmacology 1990; 29:619-624.
    • (1990) Neuropharmacology , vol.29 , pp. 619-624
    • Reavill, C.1    Walther, B.2    Stolerman, I.P.3    Testa, B.4
  • 28
    • 0022394171 scopus 로고
    • Extent of nicotine and cotinine transfer to the human-fetus, placenta and amniotic-fluid of smoking mothers
    • Luck W, Nau H, Hansen R, Steldinger R. Extent of nicotine and cotinine transfer to the human-fetus, placenta and amniotic-fluid of smoking mothers. Dev Pharmacol Ther 1985; 8:384-395.
    • (1985) Dev Pharmacol Ther , vol.8 , pp. 384-395
    • Luck, W.1    Nau, H.2    Hansen, R.3    Steldinger, R.4
  • 29
    • 0021206887 scopus 로고
    • Nicotine and cotinine concentrations in serum and milk of nursing smokers
    • Luck W, Nau H. Nicotine and cotinine concentrations in serum and milk of nursing smokers. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1984; 18:9-15.
    • (1984) Br J Clin Pharmacol , vol.18 , pp. 9-15
    • Luck, W.1    Nau, H.2
  • 30
    • 0033053354 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Minor tobacco alkaloids as biomarkers for tobacco use: Comparison of users of cigarettes, smokeless tobacco, cigars, and pipes
    • Jacob P, Yu L, Shulgin AT, Benowitz NL. Minor tobacco alkaloids as biomarkers for tobacco use: comparison of users of cigarettes, smokeless tobacco, cigars, and pipes. Am J Public Health 1999; 89:731-736.
    • (1999) Am J Public Health , vol.89 , pp. 731-736
    • Jacob, P.1    Yu, L.2    Shulgin, A.T.3    Benowitz, N.L.4
  • 31
    • 0015293111 scopus 로고
    • Possible relation between Pka1 and lipid solubility and amounts excreted in urine of some tobacco alkaloids given to man
    • Beckett AH, Jenner P, Gorrod JW. Possible relation between Pka1 and lipid solubility and amounts excreted in urine of some tobacco alkaloids given to man. J Pharm Pharmacol 1972; 24:115-120.
    • (1972) J Pharm Pharmacol , vol.24 , pp. 115-120
    • Beckett, A.H.1    Jenner, P.2    Gorrod, J.W.3
  • 33
    • 65249154248 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacology of nicotine: Addiction, smoking-induced disease, and therapeutics
    • Benowitz NL. Pharmacology of nicotine: addiction, smoking-induced disease, and therapeutics. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2009; 49:57-71.
    • (2009) Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol , vol.49 , pp. 57-71
    • Benowitz, N.L.1
  • 35
    • 0027182846 scopus 로고
    • Structure of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors
    • Karlin A. Structure of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Curr Opin Neurobiol 1993; 3:299-309.
    • (1993) Curr Opin Neurobiol , vol.3 , pp. 299-309
    • Karlin, A.1
  • 36
    • 1842604037 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plants: Central nervous system toxicity
    • Ford MD, Delaney KA, Ling LJ, Erickson T, eds. Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders Co
    • Clancy C, Klein-Schwartz W. Plants: central nervous system toxicity. In: Ford MD, Delaney KA, Ling LJ, Erickson T, eds. Clinical Toxicology. Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders Co; 2001.
    • (2001) Clinical Toxicology
    • Clancy, C.1    Klein-Schwartz, W.2
  • 37
    • 33847029091 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and nicotinic cholinergic mechanisms of the central nervous system
    • Dani JA, Bertrand D. Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and nicotinic cholinergic mechanisms of the central nervous system. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2007; 47:699-729.
    • (2007) Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol , vol.47 , pp. 699-729
    • Dani, J.A.1    Bertrand, D.2
  • 38
    • 0028965629 scopus 로고
    • Physiological diversity of nicotinic acetylcholine- receptors expressed by vertebrate neurons
    • McGehee DS, Role LW. Physiological diversity of nicotinic acetylcholine- receptors expressed by vertebrate neurons. Annu Rev Physiol 1995; 57:521-546.
    • (1995) Annu Rev Physiol , vol.57 , pp. 521-546
    • McGehee, D.S.1    Role, L.W.2
  • 39
    • 0030955437 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiovascular toxicity of nicotine: Implications for nicotine replacement therapy
    • Benowitz NL, Gourlay SG. Cardiovascular toxicity of nicotine: implications for nicotine replacement therapy. J Am Coll Cardiol 1997; 29:1422-1431.
    • (1997) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.29 , pp. 1422-1431
    • Benowitz, N.L.1    Gourlay, S.G.2
  • 40
    • 0029955936 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacology of nicotine and its therapeutic use in smoking cessation and neurodegenerative disorders
    • Balfour DJK, Fagerstrom KO. Pharmacology of nicotine and its therapeutic use in smoking cessation and neurodegenerative disorders. Pharmacol Ther 1996; 72:51-81.
    • (1996) Pharmacol Ther , vol.72 , pp. 51-81
    • Balfour, D.J.K.1    Fagerstrom, K.O.2
  • 41
    • 0001506624 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Agents acting at the neuromuscular junction and autonomic ganglia
    • Hardman JG, Limbird LE, Molinoff PB, Ruddon RW, Goodman Gilman A, eds. 9th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill
    • Taylor P. Agents acting at the neuromuscular junction and autonomic ganglia. In: Hardman JG, Limbird LE, Molinoff PB, Ruddon RW, Goodman Gilman A, eds. Goodmand & Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. 9th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill; 1996: 177-197.
    • (1996) Goodmand & Gilman's the Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics , pp. 177-197
    • Taylor, P.1
  • 42
    • 34548446386 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Herbal and other complementary medicine use by Texas midwives
    • Bayles BP. Herbal and other complementary medicine use by Texas midwives. J Midwifery Womens Health 2007; 52:473-478.
    • (2007) J Midwifery Womens Health , vol.52 , pp. 473-478
    • Bayles, B.P.1
  • 45
  • 46
    • 0018362750 scopus 로고
    • Have you eaten laburnum?
    • Forrester RM. Have you eaten laburnum? Lancet 1979; 1:1073.
    • (1979) Lancet , vol.1 , pp. 1073
    • Forrester, R.M.1
  • 47
    • 0032984123 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuromuscular blockade after ingestion of tree tobacco (Nicotiana glauca)
    • Mellick LB, Makowski T, Mellick GA, Borger R. Neuromuscular blockade after ingestion of tree tobacco (Nicotiana glauca). Ann Emerg Med 1999; 34:101-104.
    • (1999) Ann Emerg Med , vol.34 , pp. 101-104
    • Mellick, L.B.1    Makowski, T.2    Mellick, G.A.3    Borger, R.4
  • 50
    • 0036369064 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute respiratory arrest following hemlock (Conium maculatum) intoxication
    • Biberci E, Altuntas Y, Cobanoglu A, Alpinar A. Acute respiratory arrest following hemlock (Conium maculatum) intoxication. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 2002; 40:517-518.
    • (2002) J Toxicol Clin Toxicol , vol.40 , pp. 517-518
    • Biberci, E.1    Altuntas, Y.2    Cobanoglu, A.3    Alpinar, A.4
  • 51
    • 0034084910 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fatal poisoning from Nicotiana glauca leaves: Identification of anabasine by gas-chromatography/mass spectrometry
    • Mizrachi N, Levy S, Goren Z. Fatal poisoning from Nicotiana glauca leaves: identification of anabasine by gas-chromatography/mass spectrometry. J Forensic Sci 2000; 45:736-741.
    • (2000) J Forensic Sci , vol.45 , pp. 736-741
    • Mizrachi, N.1    Levy, S.2    Goren, Z.3
  • 52
    • 70350392942 scopus 로고
    • Tobacco poisoning with sino-auricular block
    • Gyllensward A, Nordbring F. Tobacco poisoning with sino-auricular block. Acta Paediatr 1953; 42:356-359.
    • (1953) Acta Paediatr , vol.42 , pp. 356-359
    • Gyllensward, A.1    Nordbring, F.2
  • 53
    • 0023058250 scopus 로고
    • Atrial-fibrillation while chewing nicotine gum
    • Rigotti NA, Eagle KA. Atrial-fibrillation while chewing nicotine gum. J Am Med Assoc 1986; 255:1018-11018
    • (1986) J Am Med Assoc , vol.255 , pp. 1018-11018
    • Rigotti, N.A.1    Eagle, K.A.2
  • 54
    • 0030472812 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Self-poisoning among adults using multiple transdermal nicotine patches
    • Woolf A, Burkhart K, Caraccio T, Litovitz T. Self-poisoning among adults using multiple transdermal nicotine patches. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 1996; 34:691-698.
    • (1996) J Toxicol Clin Toxicol , vol.34 , pp. 691-698
    • Woolf, A.1    Burkhart, K.2    Caraccio, T.3    Litovitz, T.4
  • 55
    • 0014860703 scopus 로고
    • Fatal case of laburnum seed poisoning
    • Richards HGH, Stephens AA. Fatal case of laburnum seed poisoning. Med Sci Law 1970; 10:260-266.
    • (1970) Med Sci Law , vol.10 , pp. 260-266
    • Richards, H.G.H.1    Stephens, A.A.2
  • 58
    • 62549123637 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fatal cytisine intoxication and analysis of biological samples with LC-MS/MS
    • Musshoff F, Madea B. Fatal cytisine intoxication and analysis of biological samples with LC-MS/MS. Forensic Sci Int 2009; 186:e1-e4.
    • (2009) Forensic Sci Int , vol.186
    • Musshoff, F.1    Madea, B.2
  • 59
    • 0025131277 scopus 로고
    • Apnea and seizures caused by nicotine ingestion
    • Singer J, Janz T. Apnea and seizures caused by nicotine ingestion. Pediatr Emerg Care 1990; 6:135-137.
    • (1990) Pediatr Emerg Care , vol.6 , pp. 135-137
    • Singer, J.1    Janz, T.2
  • 62
    • 0027912722 scopus 로고
    • Green tobacco sickness in tobacco harvesters-Kentucky, 1992
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Green tobacco sickness in tobacco harvesters-Kentucky, 1992. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 1993; 42:237-240.
    • (1993) MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep , vol.42 , pp. 237-240
  • 63
    • 0027236985 scopus 로고
    • Green tobacco sickness
    • Hipke ME. Green tobacco sickness. South Med J 1993; 86:989-992.
    • (1993) South Med J , vol.86 , pp. 989-992
    • Hipke, M.E.1
  • 65
    • 0035984699 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nicotinic toxicity from tincture of blue cohosh (Caulophyllum thalictroides) used as an abortifacient
    • Rao RB, Hoffman RS. Nicotinic toxicity from tincture of blue cohosh (Caulophyllum thalictroides) used as an abortifacient. Vet Hum Toxicol 2002; 44:221-222.
    • (2002) Vet Hum Toxicol , vol.44 , pp. 221-222
    • Rao, R.B.1    Hoffman, R.S.2
  • 66
    • 3142719032 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Blue cohosh and perinatal stroke
    • Finkel RS, Zarlengo KM. Blue cohosh and perinatal stroke. N Engl J Med 2004; 351:302-303.
    • (2004) N Engl J Med , vol.351 , pp. 302-303
    • Finkel, R.S.1    Zarlengo, K.M.2
  • 67
    • 0031894297 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Profound neonatal congestive heart failure caused by maternal consumption of blue cohosh herbal medication
    • Jones TK, Lawson BM. Profound neonatal congestive heart failure caused by maternal consumption of blue cohosh herbal medication. J Pediatr 1998; 132:550-552.
    • (1998) J Pediatr , vol.132 , pp. 550-552
    • Jones, T.K.1    Lawson, B.M.2
  • 68
    • 0029825483 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The use of black and blue cohosh in labour
    • Gunn TR, Wright IM. The use of black and blue cohosh in labour. N Z Med J 1996; 109:410-411.
    • (1996) N Z Med J , vol.109 , pp. 410-411
    • Gunn, T.R.1    Wright, I.M.2
  • 69
    • 0002034608 scopus 로고
    • A pharmacological study of a crystalline glycoside of Caulophyllum thalictroides
    • Ferguson HC, Edwards LD. A pharmacological study of a crystalline glycoside of Caulophyllum thalictroides. J Am Pharm Assoc Am Pharm Assoc (Baltim) 1954; 43:16-21.
    • (1954) J Am Pharm Assoc Am Pharm Assoc (Baltim) , vol.43 , pp. 16-21
    • Ferguson, H.C.1    Edwards, L.D.2
  • 70
    • 0019012525 scopus 로고
    • Mass poisoning of children in a nursery school by the seeds of Laburnum anagyroides [Czech]
    • Morkovsky O, Kucera J. Mass poisoning of children in a nursery school by the seeds of Laburnum anagyroides [Czech]. Cesk Pediatr 1980; 35:284-285.
    • (1980) Cesk Pediatr , vol.35 , pp. 284-285
    • Morkovsky, O.1    Kucera, J.2
  • 71
    • 0023044068 scopus 로고
    • Collective intoxication by Laburnum anagyroides flowers [French]
    • Furet Y, Ernouf D, Brechot JF, Autret E, Breteau M. Collective intoxication by Laburnum anagyroides flowers [French]. Presse Med 1986; 15:1103-1104.
    • (1986) Presse Med , vol.15 , pp. 1103-1104
    • Furet, Y.1    Ernouf, D.2    Brechot, J.F.3    Autret, E.4    Breteau, M.5
  • 72
    • 0002377899 scopus 로고
    • Experimental studies on the pharmacology of activated charcoal. 1. Adsorption power of charcoal in aqueous solutions
    • Andersen AH. Experimental studies on the pharmacology of activated charcoal. 1. Adsorption power of charcoal in aqueous solutions. Acta Pharmacol Toxicol (Copenh) 1946; 2:69-78.
    • (1946) Acta Pharmacol Toxicol (Copenh) , vol.2 , pp. 69-78
    • Andersen, A.H.1
  • 73
    • 15944384578 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Position paper: Single-dose activated charcoal
    • American academy of clinical toxicology; European Association of Poisons Centres and Clinical Toxicologists
    • Chyka PA, Seger D, Krenzelok EP, Vale JA. American academy of clinical toxicology; European Association of Poisons Centres and Clinical Toxicologists. Position paper: single-dose activated charcoal. Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2005; 43:61-87.
    • (2005) Clin Toxicol (Phila) , vol.43 , pp. 61-87
    • Chyka, P.A.1    Seger, D.2    Krenzelok, E.P.3    Vale, J.A.4
  • 76
    • 1242340352 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Catastrophic brain injury after nicotine insecticide ingestion
    • Rogers AJ, Denk LD, Wax PM. Catastrophic brain injury after nicotine insecticide ingestion. J Emerg Med 2004; 26:169-172.
    • (2004) J Emerg Med , vol.26 , pp. 169-172
    • Rogers, A.J.1    Denk, L.D.2    Wax, P.M.3
  • 77
    • 84912678913 scopus 로고
    • Emetic action of nicotine and lobeline
    • Laffan RJ, Borison HL. Emetic action of nicotine and lobeline. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1957; 121:468-476.
    • (1957) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.121 , pp. 468-476
    • Laffan, R.J.1    Borison, H.L.2
  • 78
  • 80
    • 0022603868 scopus 로고
    • Clinical-pharmacology of nicotine
    • Benowitz NL. Clinical-pharmacology of nicotine. Annu Rev Med 1986; 37:21-32.
    • (1986) Annu Rev Med , vol.37 , pp. 21-32
    • Benowitz, N.L.1
  • 81
    • 0021882484 scopus 로고
    • Nicotine renal excretion rate influences nicotine intake during cigarette-smoking
    • Benowitz NL, Jacob P. Nicotine renal excretion rate influences nicotine intake during cigarette-smoking. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1985; 234:153-155.
    • (1985) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.234 , pp. 153-155
    • Benowitz, N.L.1    Jacob, P.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.