Poisoning due to water hemlock

Clinical Toxicology

Volumn 47, Issue 4, 2009, Pages 270-278

  Schep, Leo J ^a   Slaughter, Robin J ^a   Becket, Gordon ^b   Beasley, D Michael G ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF OTAGO   (New Zealand)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CENTRAL LANCASHIRE   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Cicuta; Cicutoxin; Coma; Oenanthe; Oenanthotoxin; Seizures; Water hemlock

Indexed keywords

4 AMINOBUTYRIC ACID; PLANT TOXIN; POLYACETYLENE DERIVATIVE; 4 AMINOBUTYRIC ACID RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; ALKYNE DERIVATIVE; CICUTOXIN; ENEDIYNE; FATTY ALCOHOL; OENANTHOTOXIN;

CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM; CICUTA; CLINICAL FEATURE; COMA; DEATH; DEPOLARIZATION; DIARRHEA; HEART ARRHYTHMIA; HEMODIALYSIS; HUMAN; INGESTION; INTOXICATION; KIDNEY FAILURE; MYDRIASIS; NAUSEA; NONHUMAN; PROGNOSIS; REVIEW; RHABDOMYOLYSIS; SEIZURE; TACHYCARDIA; TAXONOMY; VOMITING; ANIMAL; CHEMISTRY; ISOLATION AND PURIFICATION; NORTH AMERICA; OENANTHE; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; UNITED KINGDOM;

CICUTA; OENANTHE CROCATA;

ANIMALS; CICUTA; DIYNES; ENEDIYNES; FATTY ALCOHOLS; GABA ANTAGONISTS; GREAT BRITAIN; HUMANS; NORTH AMERICA; OENANTHE; PLANT POISONING;

EID: 67649226123     PISSN: 15563650     EISSN: 15569519     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/15563650902904332     Document Type: Review

References (71)

1. Greuter W, McNeill J, Barrie FR, Burdet HM, Demoulin V, Filgueras TS, Nicolson DH, Silva PC, Skog JE, Trehane P, Turland, NJ, Hawsworth DL, eds. International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (St. Louis Code). Königstein: Koeltz Scientific Books; 2000.
2. Mulligan GA. The genus Cicuta in North America. Can J Bot 1980; 58:1755-1767.
3. Cooper MR, Johnson AW. Poisonous Plants in Britain and their Effects on Animals and Man. London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office; 1984:232-237.
4. Burrows GE, Tyrl RJ. Toxic plants of North America. Ames (IA): Iowa State Press; 2001:49-54.
5. Kingsbury JM. Poisonous Plants of the United States and Canada. Englewood Cliffs (NJ): Prentice-Hall; 1964:373-379.
6. Mitchell MI, Routledge PA. Hemlock water dropwort poisoning - review. Clin Toxicol 1978; 12:417-426.
7. Krenzelok EP, Jacobsen TD, Aronis JM. Hemlock ingestions: the most deadly plant exposures. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 1996; 34:601.
8. Anon. Poisonous flora. Lancet 1947; 253:485.
9. Litovitz TL, Bailey KM, Schmitz BF, Holm KC, Kleinschwartz W. 1990 Annual report of the American Association of Poison Control Centers National Data Collection System. Am J Emerg Med 1991; 9:461-509.
10. King LA, Lewis MJ, Parry D, Twitchett PJ, Kilner EA. Identification of oenanthotoxin and related compounds in hemlock water dropwort poisoning. Hum Toxicol 1985; 4:355-364.
11. Carlton BE, Tufts E, Girard DE. Water hemlock poisoning complicated by rhabdomyolysis and renal failure. Clin Toxicol 1979; 14:87-92.
12. Fitzgerald P, Moss N, Omahony S, Whelton MJ. Accidental hemlock poisoning. BMJ 1987; 295:1657.
13. Sweeney K, Gensheimer KF, KnowltonField J, Smith RA. Water hemlock poisoning - Maine, 1992. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 1994; 43:229-231.
14. Vogt E. Water hemlock (Cicuta virosa) poisoning; report of two cases [Norwegian]. Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen 1951; 71:577-578.
15. Robson P. Water hemlock poisoning. Lancet 1965; 2:1274-1275.
16. Hollman A. Hemlock poisoning. BMJ 1988; 296:361.
17. Mutter L. Poisoning by western water hemlock. Can J Public Health 1976; 67:386.
18. Ball MJ, Flather ML, Forfar JC. Hemlock water dropwort poisoning. Postgrad Med J 1987; 63:363-365.
19. Gompertz LM. Poisoning with water hemlock (Cicuta maculata). Report of seventeen cases. JAMA 1926; 87:1277-1278.
20. Starreveld E, Hope CE. Cicutoxin poisoning (water hemlock). Neurology 1975; 25:730-734.
21. Egdahl A. A case of poisoning due to eating poison hemlock (Cicuta maculata) with a review of reported cases. Arch Intern Med 1911; 7:348-356.
22. Knutsen OH, Paszkowski P. New aspects in the treatment of water hemlock poisoning. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 1984; 22:157-166.
23. Litovitz TL, Schmitz RN, Matyunas N, Martin TG. 1987 annual report of the American Association of Poison Control Centers National Data Collection System. Am J Emerg Med 1988; 6:479-515.
24. Landers D, Seppi K, Blauer W. Seizures and death on a white river float trip - report of water hemlock poisoning. West J Med 1985; 142:637-640.
25. Uwai K, Ohashi K, Takaya Y, Ohta T, Tadano T, Kisara K, Shibusawa K, Sakakibara R, and Oshima Y. Exploring the structural basis of neurotoxicity in C-17-polyacetylenes isolated from water hemlock. J Med Chem 2000; 43:4508-4515.
26. Anet E, Lythgoe B, Silk MH, Trippett S. Oenanthotoxin and cicutoxin - isolation and structures. J Chem Soc 1953; 309-322.
27. Wittstock U, Hadacek F, Wurz G, Teuscher E, Greger H. Polyacetylenes from water hemlock, Cicuta virosa. Planta Med 1995; 61:439-445.
28. Ohta T, Uwai K, Kikuchi R, Nozoe S, Oshima Y, Sasaki K, Yoshizaki F. Absolute stereochemistry of cicutoxin and related toxic polyacetylenic alcohols from Cicuta virosa. Tetrahedron 1999; 55:12087-12098.
29. Gaillard Y, Pepin G. Poisoning by plant material: review of human cases and analytical determination of main toxins by high-performance liquid chromatography - (tandem) mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 1999; 733:181-229.
30. Grundy HF, Howarth F. Pharmacological studies on hemlock water dropwort. Br J Pharmacol Chemother 1956; 11:225-230.
31. Uwai K, Ohashi K, Takaya Y, Oshima Y, Furukawa K, Yamagata K, Omura T, Okuyama S. Virol A, a toxic trans-polyacetylenic alcohol of Cicuta virosa, selectively inhibits the GABA-induced Clcurrent in acutely dissociated rat hippocampal CA1 neurons. Brain Res 2001; 889:174-180.
32. Wittstock U, Lichtnow KH, Teuscher ER. Effects of cicutoxin and related polyacetylenes from Cicuta virosa on neuronal action potentials: a comparative study on the mechanism of the convulsive action. Planta Med 1997; 63:120-124.
33. Strauss U, Wittstock U, Schubert R, Teuscher E, Jung S, Mix E. Cicutoxin from Cicuta virosa - a new and potent potassium channel blocker in T lymphocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1996; 219:332-336.
34. Grundy HF, Howarth F. General pharmacology of oenanthotoxin. J Physiol 1955; 129:79P-80P.
35. Clarke EG, Kidder DE, Robertson WD. The isolation of the toxic principle of Oenanthe crocata. J Pharm Pharmacol 1949; 1:377-381.
36. Martinez-Honduvilla MP, Aramburu E, Bahlsen C, G-Serranillos FM. Toxicity of the fruit of Oenanthe crocata L. [Spanish]. Arch Farmacol Toxicol 1981; 7:197-200.
37. Wepfer JJ. About Hemlock Aquaticae, Its History and Its Harmful Effect on the Body [Latin]. Basel: Johann Amerbach; 1679.
38. Bundschuh G, Dominok G. Cicutoxin poisoning - a literature search with four separate cases [German]. Dtsch Z Gesamte Gerichtl Med 1962; 53:87-96.
39. Withers LM, Cole FR, Nelson RB. Water-hemlock poisoning. N Engl J Med 1969; 281:566.
40. Applefeld JJ, Caplan ES. A case of water hemlock poisoning. JACEP 1979; 8:401-403.
41. Pallares JM, Saban J, Bouza C, Diaz JM, Rodriguez R, de la Morena JC, Liste D, Serrano-Rios M. Reversible autonomic dysfunction in Oenanthe crocata poisoning evaluated by simple bedside tests. Hum Toxicol 1985; 4:521-526.
42. Downs C, Phillips J, Ranger A, Farrell L. A hemlock water dropwort curry: a case of multiple poisoning. Emerg Med J 2002; 19:472-473.
43. Costanza DJ, Hoversten VW. Accidental ingestion of water hemlock. Report of two patients with acute and chronic effects. Calif Med 1973; 119:78-82.
44. Short J. Water hemlock poisoning. Emerg Nurse 2006; 14:18-19.
45. Fradin P, Gamelin L, Chiale E, Connan L, Gabillet L, Pluchon YM. Attempted suicide by Oenantha crocata. A case report [French]. JEUR 2005; 18:33-36.
46. Heath KB. A fatal case of apparent water hemlock poisoning. Vet Hum Toxicol 2001; 43:35-36.
47. Litovitz TL, Normann SA, Veltri JC. 1985 annual report of the American Association of Poison Control Centers National Data Collection System. Am J Emerg Med 1986; 4:427-458.
48. Litovitz TL, Schmitz BF, Holm KC. 1988 annual report of the American Association of Poison Control Centers National Data Collection System. Am J Emerg Med 1989; 7:495-544.
49. Stratton MR. Water hemlock poisoning. Colorado Med 1919; 16:104-111.
50. Kass A, Pedersen H. Water hemlock (cicutoxin) poisoning: review and personal observations [Norwegian]. Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen 1951; 71:579-580.
51. Thomas WE. Water dropwort poisoning. Br Med J 1937; 1(3984):1045-1046.
52. Quinby GE. Epidemic water hemlock poisoning associated occupationally: five year follow-up for possible permanent brain damage. Clin Toxicol 1979; 15:489.
53. Jaspersen-Schib R, Theus L, Guirguis-Oeschger M, Gossweiler B, Meier-Abt PJ. Serious plant poisonings in Switzerland 1966-1994. Case analysis from the Swiss Toxicology Information Center [German]. Schweiz Med Wochenschr 1996; 126:1085-1098.
54. del Castillo B, Garcia de Marina A, Martinez-Honduvilla MP. Fluorimetric determination of oenanthotoxin. Ital J Biochem 1980; 29:233-237.
55. Rork LE. Plant poisoning in a child. Rocky Mt Med J 1969; 66:47-49.
56. Seger D, Muelenbelt J. Position paper: ipecac syrup. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 2004; 42:133-143.
57. Chyka PA, Seger D, Krenzelok EP, Vale JA. Position paper: singledose activated charcoal. Clin Toxicol 2005; 43:61-87.
58. Manno EM. New management strategies in the treatment of status epilepticus. Mayo Clin Proc 2003; 78:508-518.
59. Nelson RB, Cole FR. Convulsive profile of Cicuta-Douglasii (Water Hemlock). Proc West Pharmacol Soc 1976; 19:193-197.
60. Nelson RB, North DS, Kaneriya M, Fletcher CV. Influence of biperiden, benztropine, physostigmine and diazepam on convulsive effects of Cicuta douglasii. Proc West Pharmacol Soc 1978; 21:137-139.
61. North DS, Nelson RB. Anticholinergic agents in cicutoxin poisoning. West J Med 1985; 143:250.
62. Cetaruk EW. Water hemolock. In: Brent J, Wallace KL, Burkhart KB, Philips SD, Donovan JW, eds. Critical Care Toxicology. Philadelphia, PA: Mosby Inc.; 2005:1311-1317.
63. Frohne D, Pfänder HJ. Poisonous Plants. A Handbook for Doctors, Pharmacists, Toxicologists, Biologists and Veterinarians. 2nd ed. Stuttgart: Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellschaft mbH; 2004.
64. van Heijst AN, Pikaar SA, van Kesteren RG, Douze JM. Poisoning due to water hemlock (Cicuta virosa) [Netherlands]. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 1983; 127:2411-2413.
65. Durand MF, Pommier P, Chazalette A, de Haro L. Child poisoning after ingestion of a wild apiaceae: a case report [French]. Archives de Pediatrie 2008; 15:139-141.
66. Miller MM. Water hemlock poisoning. JAMA 1933; 101:852-853.
67. Anger JP, Anger F, Chauvel Y, Girre RL, Curtes N, Curtes JP. Fatal intoxication by Oenanthe safranee (Oenanthe crocata) [French]. Eur J Toxicol Environ Hyg 1976; 9:119-125.
68. Litovitz TL, Felberg L, Soloway RA, Ford M, Geller R. 1994 Annual report of the American Association of Poison Control Centers Toxic Exposure Surveillance System. Am J Emerg Med 1995; 13:551-597.
69. Marras G. On a case of fatal acute poisoning due to "Oenanthe crocata" [Italian]. Minerva Medicoleg 1965; 85:83-85.
70. Berndt H. Poisoning by Cicuta virosa L., Wasserschierling [German]. Pharmazie 1947; 2:521-523.
71. Litovitz T, Veltri JC. 1984 Annual report of the American Association of Poison Control Centers National Data Collection System. Am J Emerg Med 1985; 3:423-450. .