Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and nicotinic cholinergic mechanisms of the central nervous system

Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology

Volumn 47, Issue , 2007, Pages 699-729

  Dani, John A ^a   Bertrand, Daniel ^b  

^a BAYLOR COLLEGE OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF GENEVA MEDICAL SCHOOL   (Switzerland)

Author keywords

Addiction; Alzheimer's disease; Cortex; Epilepsy; Hippocampus; Learning; Memory; Mesolimbic; Mesostriatal; nAChR; Nicotine; Presynaptic; Synaptic; Volume transmission

Indexed keywords

4 AMINOBUTYRIC ACID; ACETYLCHOLINE; DOPAMINE; GLUTAMIC ACID; NEUROTRANSMITTER; NICOTINIC RECEPTOR; NORADRENALIN; POSTSYNAPTIC RECEPTOR; PRESYNAPTIC RECEPTOR; RECEPTOR SUBUNIT; SEROTONIN;

ALZHEIMER DISEASE; ATTENTION; AUTISM; CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM; CHOLINERGIC SYSTEM; CHOLINERGIC TRANSMISSION; DOPAMINERGIC SYSTEM; DRUG DEPENDENCE; EPILEPSY; HIPPOCAMPUS; INTERNEURON; LEARNING; LEWY BODY; MAMMAL; MEMORY; NEOCORTEX; NERVE CELL EXCITABILITY; NERVE CELL PLASTICITY; NERVE PROJECTION; NEUROMODULATION; NEUROTRANSMITTER RELEASE; NONHUMAN; NUCLEUS ACCUMBENS; PARKINSON DISEASE; POSTSYNAPTIC MEMBRANE; PRESYNAPTIC MEMBRANE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SCHIZOPHRENIA; SYSTEMATIC REVIEW; TOBACCO DEPENDENCE;

ALZHEIMER DISEASE; ANIMALS; BRAIN; EPILEPSY; HUMANS; MEMORY; NEUROTRANSMITTER AGENTS; RECEPTORS, NICOTINIC; SUBSTANCE-RELATED DISORDERS;

MAMMALIA;

EID: 33847029091     PISSN: 03621642     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1146/annurev.pharmtox.47.120505.105214     Document Type: Review

References (183)

1. McGehee DS, Role LW. 1995. Physiological diversity of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors expressed by vertebrate neurons. Annu. Rev. Physiol. 57:521-46
2. Role LW, Berg DK. 1996. Nicotinic receptors in the development and modulation of CNS synapses. Neuron 16:1077-85
3. Albuquerque EX, Alkondon M, Pereira EF, Castro NG, Schrattenholz A, et al. 1997. Properties of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors: pharmacological characterization and modulation of synaptic function. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 280:1117-36
4. Wonnacott S. 1997. Presynaptic nicotinic ACh receptors. Trends Neurosci. 20:92-98
5. Jones S, Sudweeks S, Yakel JL. 1999. Nicotinic receptors in the brain: correlating physiology with function. Trends Neurosci. 22:555-61
6. Dani JA. 2001. Overview of nicotinic receptors and their roles in the central nervous system. Biol. Psychiatry 49:166-74
7. Hogg RC, Raggenbass M, Bertrand D. 2003. Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors: from structure to brain function. Rev. Physiol. Biochem. Pharmacol. 147:1-46
8. Dani JA, Radcliffe KA, Pidoplichko VI. 2000. Variations in desensitization of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors from hippocampus and midbrain dopamine areas. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 393:31-38
9. Quick MW, Lester RA. 2002. Desensitization of neuronal nicotinic receptors. J. Neurobiol. 53:457-78
10. Wooltorton JR, Pidoplichko VI, Broide RS, Dani JA. 2003. Differential desensitization and distribution of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subtypes in midbrain dopamine areas. J. Neurosci. 23:3176-85
11. Giniatullin R, Nistri A, Yakel JL. 2005. Desensitization of nicotinic ACh receptors: shaping cholinergic signaling. Trends Neurosci. 28:371-78
12. Aramakis VB, Metherate R. 1998. Nicotine selectively enhances NMDA receptor-mediated synaptic transmission during postnatal development in sensory neocortex. J. Neurosci. 18:8485-95
13. Aramakis VB, Hsieh CY, Leslie FM, Metherate R. 2000. A critical period for nicotine-induced disruption of synaptic development in rat auditory cortex. J. Neurosci. 20:6106-16
14. Ji D, Lape R, Dani JA. 2001. Timing and location of nicotinic activity enhances or depresses hippocampal synaptic plasticity. Neuron 31:131-41
15. Metherate R. 2004. Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in sensory cortex. Learn Mem. 11:50-59
16. Ge S, Dani JA. 2005. Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors at glutamate synapses facilitate long-term depression or potentiation. J. Neurosci. 25:6084-91
17. Lena C, Changeux JP. 1998. Allosteric nicotinic receptors, human pathologies. J. Physiol. Paris 92:63-74
18. Court J, Martin-Ruiz C, Piggott M, Spurden D, Griffiths M, Perry E. 2001. Nicotinic receptor abnormalities in Alzheimer's disease. Biol. Psychiatry 49:175-84
19. Leonard S, Adler LE, Benhammou K, Berger R, Breese CR, et al. 2001. Smoking and mental illness. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 70:561-70
20. Picciotto MR, Zoli M. 2002. Nicotinic receptors in aging and dementia. J. Neurobiol. 53:641-55
21. Raggenbass M, Bertrand D. 2002. Nicotinic receptors in circuit excitability and epilepsy. J. Neurobiol. 53:580-89
22. Gotti C, Clementi F. 2004. Neuronal nicotinic receptors: from structure to pathology. Prog. Neurobiol. 74:363-96
23. Dani JA, Harris RA. 2005. Nicotine addiction and comorbidity with alcohol abuse and mental illness. Nat. Neurosci. 8:1465-70
24. Karlin A. 2002. Emerging structure of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 3:102-14
25. Unwin N, Miyazawa A, Li J, Fujiyoshi Y. 2002. Activation of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor involves a switch in conformation of the alpha subunits. J. Mol. Biol. 319:1165-76
26. Unwin N. 2005. Refined structure of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor at 4A resolution. J. Mol. Biol. 346:967-89
27. Dani JA. 1989. Ion channels of nerve and muscle. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 1:753-64
28. Dani JA. 1989. Site-directed mutagenesis and single-channel currents define the ionic channel of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. Trends Neurosci. 12:125-28
29. Revah F, Bertrand D, Galzi JL, Devillers-Thiery A, Mulle C, et al. 1991. Mutations in the channel domain alter desensitization of a neuronal nicotinic receptor. Nature 353:846-49
30. Bertrand D, Galzi JL, Devillers-Thiery A, Bertrand S, Changeux JP. 1993. Mutations at two distinct sites within the channel domain M2 alter calcium permeability of neuronal alpha 7 nicotinic receptor. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90:6971-75
31. Galzi JL, Revah F, Black D, Goeldner M, Hirth C, Changeux JP. 1990. Identification of a novel amino acid alpha-tyrosine 93 within the cholinergic ligands-binding sites of the acetylcholine receptor by photoaffinity labeling. Additional evidence for a three-loop model of the cholinergic ligands-binding sites. J. Biol. Chem. 265:10430-37
32. Sine SM. 2002. The nicotinic receptor ligand binding domain. J. Neurobiol. 53:431-46
33. Smit AB, Syed NI, Schaap D, van Minnen J, Klumperman J, et al. 2001. A glia-derived acetylcholine-binding protein that modulates synaptic transmission. Nature 411:261-68
34. Celie PH, Kasheverov IE, Mordvintsev DY, Hogg RC, van Nierop P, et al. 2005. Crystal structure of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor homolog AChBP in complex with an alpha-conotoxin PnIA variant. Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol. 12:582-88
35. Lee WY, Sine SM. 2005. Principal pathway coupling agonist binding to channel gating in nicotinic receptors. Nature 438:243-47
36. Sine SM, Engel AG. 2006. Recent advances in Cys-loop receptor structure and function. Nature 440:448-55
37. Liens C, Hogg RC, Celie PH, Bertrand D, Tsetlin V, et al. 2006. Structural determinants of selective alpha-conotoxin binding to a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor homolog AChBP. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 103:3615-20
38. Galzi JL, Devillers-Thiery A, Hussy N, Bertrand S, Changeux JP, Bertrand D. 1992. Mutations in the channel domain of a neuronal nicotinic receptor convert ion selectivity from cationic to anionic. Nature 359:500-5
39. Bertrand D, Galzi JL, Devillers-Thiery A, Bertrand S, Changeux JP. 1993. Stratification of the channel domain in neurotransmitter receptors. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 5:688-93
40. McGehee DS, Heath MJ, Gelber S, Devay P, Role LW. 1995. Nicotine enhancement of fast excitatory synaptic transmission in CNS by presynaptic receptors. Science 269:1692-96
41. Gray R, Rajan AS, Radcliffe KA, Yakehiro M, Dani JA. 1996. Hippocampal synaptic transmission enhanced by low concentrations of nicotine. Nature 383:713-16
42. Vernino S, Amador M, Luetje CW, Patrick J, Dani JA. 1992. Calcium modulation and high calcium permeability of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Neuron 8:127-34
43. Seguela P, Wadiche J, Dineley-Miller K, Dani JA, Patrick JW. 1993. Molecular cloning, functional properties, and distribution of rat brain alpha 7: a nicotinic cation channel highly permeable to calcium. J. Neurosci. 13:596-604
44. Castro NG, Albuquerque EX. 1995. Alpha-bungarotoxin-sensitive hippocampal nicotinic receptor channel has a high calcium permeability. Biophys. J. 68:516-24
45. Haghighi AP, Cooper E. 2000. A molecular link between inward rectification and calcium permeability of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine alpha3beta4 and alpha4beta2 receptors. J. Neurosci. 20:529-41
46. Fayuk D, Yakel JL. 2005. Ca2+ permeability of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in rat hippocampal CA1 interneurones. J. Physiol. 566:759-68
47. Woolf NJ. 1991. Cholinergic systems in mammalian brain and spinal cord. Prog. Neurobiol. 37:475-524
48. Zhou FM, Wilson CJ, Dani JA. 2002. Cholinergic interneuron characteristics and nicotinic properties in the striatum. J. Neurobiol. 53:590-605
49. Umbriaco D, Watkins KC, Descarries L, Cozzari C, Hartman BK. 1994. Ultrastructural and morphometric features of the acetylcholine innervation in adult rat parietal cortex: an electron microscopic study in serial sections. J. Comp. Neurol. 348:351-73
50. Descarries L, Gisiger V, Steriade M. 1997. Diffuse transmission by acetylcholine in the CNS. Prog. Neurobiol. 53:603-25
51. Vizi ES. 2000. Role of high-affinity receptors and membrane transporters in nonsynaptic communication and drug action in the central nervous system. Pharmacol. Rev. 52:63-89
52. Turrini P, Casu MA, Wong TP, De Koninck Y, Ribeiro-da-Silva A, Cuello AC. 2001. Cholinergic nerve terminals establish classical synapses in the rat cerebral cortex: synaptic pattern and age-related atrophy. Neuroscience 105:277-85
53. Kawaja MD, Flumerfelt BA, Hrycyshyn AW. 1990. A comparison of the subnuclear and ultrastructural distribution of acetylcholinesterase and choline acetyltransferase in the rat interpeduncular nucleus. Brain Res. Bull. 24:517-23
54. Papke RL, Bencherif M, Lippiello P. 1996. An evaluation of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor activation by quaternary nitrogen compounds indicates that choline is selective for the alpha 7 subtype. Neurosci. Lett. 213:201-4
55. Alkondon M, Albuquerque EX. 2006. Subtype-specific inhibition of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors by choline: a regulatory pathway. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 318:268-75
56. Buisson B, Bertrand D. 2001. Chronic exposure to nicotine upregulates the human (alpha)4(beta)2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor function. J. Neurosci. 21:1819-29
57. Sallette J, Pons S, Devillers-Thiery A, Soudant M, Prado de Carvalho L, et al. 2005. Nicotine upregulates its own receptors through enhanced intracellular maturation. Neuron 46:595-607
58. Vallejo YF, Buisson B, Bertrand D, Green WN. 2005. Chronic nicotine exposure upregulates nicotinic receptors by a novel mechanism. J. Neurosci. 25:5563-72
59. Couturier S, Bertrand D, Matter JM, Hernandez MC, Bertrand S, et al. 1990. A neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit (alpha 7) is developmentally regulated and forms a homo-oligomeric channel blocked by alpha-BTX. Neuron 5:847-56
60. Forster I, Bertrand D. 1995. Inward rectification of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors investigated by using the homomeric alpha 7 receptor. Proc. Biol. Sci. 260:139-48
61. Jensen AA, Frolund B, Liljefors T, Krogsgaard-Larsen P. 2005. Neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors: structural revelations, target identifications, and therapeutic inspirations. J. Med. Chem. 48:4705-45
62. Changeux JP, Edelstein SJ. 2005. Allosteric mechanisms of signal transduction. Science 308:1424-28
63. Valera S, Ballivet M, Bertrand D. 1992. Progesterone modulates a neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89:9949-53
64. Paradiso K, Zhang J, Steinbach JH. 2001. The C terminus of the human nicotinic alpha4beta2 receptor forms a binding site required for potentiation by an estrogenic steroid. J. Neurosci. 21:6561-68
65. Curtis L, Buisson B, Bertrand S, Bertrand D. 2002. Potentiation of human alpha4beta2 neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor by estradiol. Mol. Pharmacol. 61:127-35
66. Maelicke A, Samochocki M, Jostock R, Fehrenbacher A, Ludwig J, et al. 2001. Allosteric sensitization of nicotinic receptors by galantamine, a new treatment strategy for Alzheimer's disease. Biol. Psychiatry 49:279-88
67. Hsiao B, Dweck D, Luetje CW. 2001. Subunit-dependent modulation of neuronal nicotinic receptors by zinc. J. Neurosci. 21:1848-56
68. Krause RM, Buisson B, Bertrand S, Corringer PJ, Galzi JL, et al. 1998. Ivermectin: a positive allosteric effector of the alpha 7 neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. Mol. Pharmacol. 53:283-94
69. Zwart R, De Filippi G, Broad LM, McPhie GI, Pearson KH, et al. 2002. 5-Hydroxyindole potentiates human alpha 7 nicotinic receptor-mediated responses and enhances acetylcholine-induced glutamate release in cerebellar slices. Neuropharmacology 43:374-84
70. Hurst RS, Hajos M, Raggenbass M, Wall TM, Higdon NR, et al. 2005. A novel positive allosteric modulator of the alpha7 neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor: in vitro and in vivo characterization. J. Neurosci. 25:4396-405
71. Charpantier E, Wiesner A, Huh KH, Ogier R, Hoda JC, et al. 2005. Alpha7 neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are negatively regulated by tyrosine phosphorylation and Src-family kinases. J. Neurosci. 25:9836-49
72. Cho CH, Song W, Leitzell K, Teo E, Meleth AD, et al. 2005. Rapid upregulation of alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors by tyrosine dephosphorylation. J. Neurosci. 25:3712-23
73. Alkondon M, Pereira EF, Albuquerque EX. 1998. Alpha-bungarotoxin- and methyllycaconitine-sensitive nicotinic receptors mediate fast synaptic transmission in interneurons of rat hippocampal slices. Brain Res. 810:257-63
74. Frazier CJ, Buhler AV, Weiner JL, Dunwiddie TV. 1998. Synaptic potentials mediated via alpha-bungarotoxin-sensitive nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in rat hippocampal interneurons. J. Neurosci. 18:8228-35
75. Hefft S, Hulo S, Bertrand D, Muller D. 1999. Synaptic transmission at nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in rat hippocampal organotypic cultures and slices. J. Physiol. 515(Pt. 3):769-76
76. Roerig B, Nelson DA, Katz LC. 1997. Fast synaptic signaling by nicotinic acetylcholine and serotonin 5-HT3 receptors in developing visual cortex. J. Neurosci. 17:8353-62
77. Albuquerque EX, Pereira EF, Alkondon M, Schrattenholz A, Maelicke A. 1997. Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors on hippocampal neurons: distribution on the neuronal surface and modulation of receptor activity. J. Recept. Signal Transduct. Res. 17:243-66
78. Alkondon M, Pereira EF, Barbosa CT, Albuquerque EX. 1997. Neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor activation modulates gamma-aminobutyric acid release from CA1 neurons of rat hippocampal slices. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 283:1396-411
79. Lena C, Changeux JP. 1997. Role of Ca2+ ions in nicotinic facilitation of GABA release in mouse thalamus. J. Neurosci. 17:576-85
80. Guo JZ, Tredway TL, Chiappinelli VA. 1998. Glutamate and GABA release are enhanced by different subtypes of presynaptic nicotinic receptors in the lateral geniculate nucleus. J. Neurosci. 18:1963-69
81. Radcliffe KA, Dani JA. 1998. Nicotinic stimulation produces multiple forms of increased glutamatergic synaptic transmission. J. Neurosci. 18:7075-83
82. Luetje CW. 2004. Getting past the asterisk: the subunit composition of presynaptic nicotinic receptors that modulate striatal dopamine release. Mol. Pharmacol. 65:1333-35
83. Sher E, Chen Y, Sharples TJ, Broad LM, Benedetti G, et al. 2004. Physiological roles of neuronal nicotinic receptor subtypes: new insights on the nicotinic modulation of neurotransmitter release, synaptic transmission and plasticity. Curr. Top. Med. Chem. 4:283-97
84. Fabian-Fine R, Skehel P, Errington ML, Davies HA, Sher E, et al. 2001. Ultrastructural distribution of the alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit in rat hippocampus. J. Neurosci. 21:7993-8003
85. Vernino S, Rogers M, Radcliffe KA, Dani JA. 1994. Quantitative measurement of calcium flux through muscle and neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. J. Neurosci. 14:5514-24
86. Sharma G, Vijayaraghavan S. 2003. Modulation of presynaptic store calcium induces release of glutamate and postsynaptic firing. Neuron 38:929-39
87. Tredway TL, Guo JZ, Chiappinelli VA. 1999. N-type voltage-dependent calcium channels mediate the nicotinic enhancement of GABA release in chick brain. J. Neurophysiol. 81:447-54
88. Mansvelder HD, McGehee DS. 2000. Long-term potentiation of excitatory inputs to brain reward areas by nicotine. Neuron 27:349-57
89. Fisher JL, Dani JA. 2000. Nicotinic receptors on hippocampal cultures can increase synaptic glutamate currents while decreasing the NMDA-receptor component. Neuropharmacology 39:2756-69
90. Hu M, Liu QS, Chang KT, Berg DK. 2002. Nicotinic regulation of CREB activation in hippocampal neurons by glutamatergic and nonglutamatergic pathways. Mol. Cell Neurosci. 21:616-25
91. Lena C, Changeux JP, Mulle C. 1993. Evidence for "preterminal" nicotinic receptors on GABAergic axons in the rat interpeduncular nucleus. J. Neurosci. 13:2680-88
92. Zarei MM, Radcliffe KA, Chen D, Patrick JW, Dani JA. 1999. Distributions of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor alpha7 and beta2 subunits on cultured hippocampal neurons. Neuroscience 88:755-64
93. Albuquerque EX, Pereira EF, Mike A, Eisenberg HM, Maelicke A, Alkondon M. 2000. Neuronal nicotinic receptors in synaptic functions in humans and rats: physiological and clinical relevance. Behav. Brain Res. 113:131-41
94. Dutar P, Bassant MH, Senut MC, Lamour Y. 1995. The septohippocampal pathway: structure and function of a central cholinergic system. Physiol. Rev. 75:393-427
95. Frotscher M, Leranth C. 1985. Cholinergic innervation of the rat hippocampus as revealed by choline acetyltransferase immunocytochemistry: a combined light and electron microscopic study. J. Comp. Neurol. 239:237-46
96. Alkondon M, Albuquerque EX. 2005. Nicotinic receptor subtypes in rat hippocampal slices are differentially sensitive to desensitization and early in vivo functional up-regulation by nicotine and to block by bupropion. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 313:740-50
97. Yamamoto S, Kanno T, Nagata T, Yaguchi T, Tanaka A, Nishizaki T. 2005. The linoleic acid derivative FR236924 facilitates hippocampal synaptic transmission by enhancing activity of presynaptic alpha7 acetylcholine receptors on the glutamatergic terminals. Neuroscience 130:207-13
98. Jones S, Yakel JL. 1997. Functional nicotinic ACh receptors on interneurones in the rat hippocampus. J. Physiol. 504(Pt. 3):603-10
99. Alkondon M, Pereira EF, Eisenberg HM, Albuquerque EX. 1999. Choline and selective antagonists identify two subtypes of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors that modulate GABA release from CA1 interneurons in rat hippocampal slices. J. Neurosci. 19:2693-705
100. Ji D, Dani JA. 2000. Inhibition and disinhibition of pyramidal neurons by activation of nicotinic receptors on hippocampal interneurons. J. Neurophysiol. 83:2682-90
101. Fujii S, Jia Y, Yang A, Sumikawa K. 2000. Nicotine reverses GABAergic inhibition of long-term potentiation induction in the hippocampal CA1 region. Brain Res. 863:259-65
102. Sudweeks SN, Yakel JL. 2000. Functional and molecular characterization of neuronal nicotinic ACh receptors in rat CA1 hippocampal neurons. J. Physiol. 527(Pt. 3):515-28
103. Alkondon M, Albuquerque EX. 2001. Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor alpha7 and alpha4beta2 subtypes differentially control GABAergic input to CA1 neurons in rat hippocampus. J. Neurophysiol. 86:3043-55
104. Maggi L, Sher E, Cherubini E. 2001. Regulation of GABA release by nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the neonatal rat hippocampus. J. Physiol. 536:89-100
105. Broide RS, Leslie FM. 1999. The alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor in neuronal plasticity. Mol. Neurobiol. 20:1-16
106. Fujii S, Sumikawa K. 2001. Nicotine accelerates reversal of long-term potentiation and enhances long-term depression in the rat hippocampal CA1 region. Brain Res. 894:340-46
107. Karan L, Dani JA, Benowitz N. 2003. The pharmacology of nicotine and tobacco. In Principles of Addiction Medicine, ed. AW Graham, TK Schultz, MF Mayo-Smith, RK Ries, BB Wilford, pp. 225-48. Chevy Chase, MD: Am. Soc. Addiction Med. 3rd ed.
108. Court J, Clementi F. 1995. Distribution of nicotinic subtypes in human brain. Alzheimer. Dis. Assoc. Disord. 9(Suppl. 2):6-14
109. Alkondon M, Albuquerque EX. 2004. The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subtypes and their function in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex. Prog. Brain Res. 145:109-20
110. Larkum ME, Zhu JJ. 2002. Signaling of layer 1 and whisker-evoked Ca2+ and Na+ action potentials in distal and terminal dendrites of rat neocortical pyramidal neurons in vitro and in vivo. J. Neurosci. 22:6991-7005
111. Stuart GJ, Sakmann B. 1994. Active propagation of somatic action potentials into neocortical pyramidal cell dendrites. Nature 367:69-72
112. Williams SR, Stuart GJ. 2003. Role of dendritic synapse location in the control of action potential output. Trends Neurosci. 26:147-54
113. Berger T, Senn W, Luscher HR. 2003. Hyperpolarization-activated current Ih disconnects somatic and dendritic spike initiation zones in layer V pyramidal neurons. J. Neurophysiol. 90:2428-37
114. Berger T, Luscher HR. 2003. Timing and precision of spike initiation in layer V pyramidal cells of the rat somatosensory cortex. Cereb. Cortex 13:274-81
115. Pinault D. 1995. Backpropagation of action potentials generated at ectopic axonal loci: hypothesis that axon terminals integrate local environmental signals. Brain Res. Brain Res. Rev. 21:42-92
116. Björklund A, Lindvall O. 1984. Dopamine-containing systems in the CNS. In Classical Transmitters in the CNS, ed. A Björklund, T Hökfelt, Part I, pp. 55-122. Amsterdam: Elsevier
117. Wilson CJ. 1998. Basal ganglia. In The Synaptic Organization of the Brain, pp. 279-316. Oxford, UK: Oxford Univ. Press.
118. Parent A, Sato F, Wu Y, Gauthier J, Levesque M, Parent M. 2000. Organization of the basal ganglia: the importance of axonal collateralization. Trends Neurosci. 23:520-27
119. Schilstrom B, Fagerquist MV, Zhang X, Hertel P, Panagis G, et al. 2000. Putative role of presynaptic alpha7* nicotinic receptors in nicotine stimulated increases of extracellular levels of glutamate and aspartate in the ventral tegmental area. Synapse 38:375-83
120. Mansvelder HD, Keath JR, McGehee DS. 2002. Synaptic mechanisms underlie nicotine-induced excitability of brain reward areas. Neuron 33:905-19
121. Schilstrom B, Rawal N, Mameli-Engvall M, Nomikos GG, Svensson TH. 2003. Dual effects of nicotine on dopamine neurons mediated by different nicotinic receptor subtypes. Int. J. Neuropsychopharmacol. 6:1-11
122. Jones IW, Wonnacott S. 2004. Precise localization of alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors on glutamatergic axon terminals in the rat ventral tegmental area. J. Neurosci. 24:11244-52
123. Pidoplichko VI, Noguchi J, Areola OO, Liang Y, Peterson J, et al. 2004. Nicotinic cholinergic synaptic mechanisms in the ventral tegmental area contribute to nicotine addiction. Learn. Mem. 11:60-69
124. Pidoplichko VI, DeBiasi M, Williams JT, Dani JA. 1997. Nicotine activates and desensitizes midbrain dopamine neurons. Nature 390:401-4
125. Klink R, de Kerchove d'Exaerde A, Zoli M, Changeux JP. 2001. Molecular and physiological diversity of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the midbrain dopaminergic nuclei. J. Neurosci. 21:1452-63
126. Butcher LL, Woolf NJ. 1984. Histochemical distribution of acetylcholinesterase in the central nervous system: clues to the localization of cholinergic neurons. In Classical Transmitters and Transmitter Receptors in the CNS, ed. A Bjorklund, T Hokfelt, MJ Kuhar, Part II, pp. 1-50. Amsterdam: Elsevier
127. Zhou FM, Liang Y, Dani JA. 2001. Endogenous nicotinic cholinergic activity regulates dopamine release in the striatum. Nat. Neurosci. 4:1224-29
128. de Rover M, Lodder JC, Kits KS, Schoffelmeer AN, Brussaard AB. 2002. Cholinergic modulation of nucleus accumbens medium spiny neurons. Eur J. Neurosci. 16:2279-90
129. Koos T, Tepper JM. 2002. Dual cholinergic control of fast-spiking interneurons in the neostriatum. J. Neurosci. 22:529-35
130. Rice ME, Cragg SJ. 2004. Nicotine amplifies reward-related dopamine signals in striatum. Nat. Neurosci. 7:583-84
131. Zhang H, Sulzer D. 2004. Frequency-dependent modulation of dopamine release by nicotine. Nat. Neurosci. 7:581-82
132. Balfour DJ, Wright AE, Benwell ME, Birrell CE. 2000. The putative role of extrasynaptic mesolimbic dopamine in the neurobiology of nicotine dependence. Behav. Brain Res. 113:73-83
133. Di Chiara G. 2000. Role of dopamine in the behavioural actions of nicotine related to addiction. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 393:295-314
134. Mansvelder HD, McGehee DS. 2002. Cellular and synaptic mechanisms of nicotine addiction. J. Neurobiol. 53:606-17
135. Corrigall WA. 1999. Nicotine self-administration in animals as a dependence model. Nicotine Tob. Res. 1:11-20
136. Picciotto MR, Zoli M, Rimondini R, Lena C, Marubio LM, et al. 1998. Acetylcholine receptors containing the beta2 subunit are involved in the reinforcing properties of nicotine. Nature 391:173-77
137. Tapper AR, McKinney SL, Nashmi R, Schwarz J, Deshpande P, et al. 2004. Nicotine activation of alpha4* receptors: sufficient for reward, tolerance, and sensitization. Science 306:1029-32
138. Maskos U, Molles BE, Pons S, Besson M, Guiard BP, et al. 2005. Nicotine reinforcement and cognition restored by targeted expression of nicotinic receptors. Nature 436:103-7
139. Salminen O, Murphy KL, McIntosh JM, Drago J, Marks MJ, et al. 2004. Subunit composition and pharmacology of two classes of striatal presynaptic nicotinic acetylcholine receptors mediating dopamine release in mice. Mol. Pharmacol. 65:1526-35
140. Perry E, Martin-Ruiz C, Lee M, Griffiths M, Johnson M, et al. 2000. Nicotinic receptor subtypes in human brain ageing, Alzheimer and Lewy body diseases. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 393:215-22
141. Potter AS, Newhouse PA. 2004. Effects of acute nicotine administration on behavioral inhibition in adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Psychopharmacology 176:182-94
142. Picciotto MR, Zoli M, Lena C, Bessis A, Lallemand Y, et al. 1995. Abnormal avoidance learning in mice lacking functional high-affinity nicotine receptor in the brain. Nature 374:65-67
143. Newhouse PA, Potter A, Levin ED. 1997. Nicotinic system involvement in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Implications for therapeutics. Drugs Aging 11:206-28
144. Levin ED, Simon BB. 1998. Nicotinic acetylcholine involvement in cognitive function in animals. Psychopharmacology 138:217-30
145. Levin ED, McClernon FJ, Rezvani AH. 2006. Nicotinic effects on cognitive function: behavioral characterization, pharmacological specification, and anatomic localization. Psychopharmacology 184:523-39
146. Levin ED, Kim P, Meray R. 1996. Chronic nicotine working and reference memory effects in the 16-arm radial maze: interactions with D1 agonist and antagonist drugs. Psychopharmacology 127:25-30
147. Levin ED, Bradley A, Addy N, Sigurani N. 2002. Hippocampal alpha 7 and alpha 4 beta 2 nicotinic receptors and working memory. Neuroscience 109:757-65
148. Nott A, Levin ED. 2006. Dorsal hippocampal alpha7 and alpha4beta2 nicotinic receptors and memory. Brain Res. 1081:72-78
149. Levin ED, Torry D. 1996. Acute and chronic nicotine effects on working memory in aged rats. Psychopharmacology 123:88-97
150. Buccafusco JJ, Jackson WJ. 1991. Beneficial effects of nicotine administered prior to a delayed matching-to-sample task in young and aged monkeys. Neurobiol. Aging 12:233-38
151. Mirza NR, Stolerman IP. 1998. Nicotine enhances sustained attention in the rat under specific task conditions. Psychopharmacology 138:266-74
152. Grottick AJ, Higgins GA. 2000. Effect of subtype selective nicotinic compounds on attention as assessed by the five-choice serial reaction time task. Behav. Brain Res. 117:197-208
153. McGaughy J, Decker MW, Sarter M. 1999. Enhancement of sustained attention performance by the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist ABT-418 in intact but not basal forebrain-lesioned rats. Psychopharmacology 144:175-82
154. Palmer AM. 2002. Pharmacotherapy for Alzheimer's disease: progress and prospects. Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 23:426-33
155. Coyle JT, Price DL, DeLong MR. 1983. Alzheimer's disease: a disorder of cortical cholinergic innervation. Science 219:1184-90
156. Perry EK. 1986. The cholinergic hypothesis-ten years on. Br. Med. Bull. 42:63-69
157. Auld DS, Kornecook TJ, Bastianetto S, Quirion R. 2002. Alzheimer's disease and the basal forebrain cholinergic system: relations to beta-amyloid peptides, cognition, and treatment strategies. Prog. Neurobiol. 68:209-45
158. Nordberg A. 1999. PET studies and cholinergic therapy in Alzheimer's disease. Rev. Neurol. 155(Suppl. 4):S53-63
159. Wang HY, Lee DH, D'Andrea MR, Peterson PA, Shank RP, Reitz AB. 2000. Beta-amyloid(1-42) binds to alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor with high affinity. Implications for Alzheimer's disease pathology. J. Biol. Chem. 275:5626-32
160. Oddo S, LaFerla FM. 2006. The role of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in Alzheimer's disease. J. Physiol. Paris 99:172-79
161. Wevers A, Monteggia L, Nowacki S, Bloch W, Schutz U, et al. 1999. Expression of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunits in the cerebral cortex in Alzheimer's disease: histotopographical correlation with amyloid plaques and hyperphosphorylated-tau protein. Eur. J. Neurosci. 11:2551-65
162. Liu Q, Kawai H, Berg DK. 2001. Beta-amyloid peptide blocks the response of alpha 7-containing nicotinic receptors on hippocampal neurons. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 98:4734-39
163. Pettit DL, Shao Z, Yakel JL. 2001. Beta-amyloid(1-42) peptide directly modulates nicotinic receptors in the rat hippocampal slice. J. Neurosci. 21:RC120
164. Freir DB, Holscher C, Herron CE. 2001. Blockade of long-term potentiation by beta-amyloid peptides in the CA1 region of the rat hippocampus in vivo. J. Neurophysiol. 85:708-13
165. Steinlein OK, Mulley JC, Propping P, Wallace RH, Phillips HA, et al. 1995. A missense mutation in the neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor alpha 4 subunit is associated with autosomal dominant nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy. Nat. Genet. 11:201-3
166. Steinlein OK. 2004. Genetic mechanisms that underlie epilepsy. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 5:400-8
167. Oldani A, Zucconi M, Asselta R, Modugno M, Bonati MT, et al. 1998. Autosomal dominant nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy. A video-polysomnographic and genetic appraisal of 40 patients and delineation of the epileptic syndrome. Brain 121(Pt. 2):205-23
168. Steinlein OK, Magnusson A, Stoodt J, Bertrand S, Weiland S, et al. 1997. An insertion mutation of the CHRNA4 gene in a family with autosomal dominant nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy. Hum. Mol. Genet. 6:943-47
169. Hirose S, Iwata H, Akiyoshi H, Kobayashi K, Ito M, et al. 1999. A novel mutation of CHRNA4 responsible for autosomal dominant nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy. Neurology 53:1749-53
170. De Fusco M, Becchetti A, Patrignani A, Annesi G, Gambardella A, et al. 2000. The nicotinic receptor beta 2 subunit is mutant in nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy. Nat. Genet. 26:275-76
171. Picard F, Bertrand S, Steinlein OK, Bertrand D. 1999. Mutated nicotinic receptors responsible for autosomal dominant nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy are more sensitive to carbamazepine. Epilepsia 40:1198-209
172. Bertrand D, Picard F, Le Hellard S, Weiland S, Favre I, et al. 2002. How mutations in the nAChRs can cause ADNFLE epilepsy. Epilepsia 4(Suppl. 5):112-22
173. Itier V, Bertrand D. 2002. Mutations of the neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and their association with ADNFLE. Neurophysiol. Clin. 32:99-107
174. Rodrigues-Pinguet N, Jia L, Li M, Figl A, Klaassen A, et al. 2003. Five ADNFLE mutations reduce the Ca2+ dependence of the mammalian alpha4beta2 acetylcholine response. J. Physiol. 550:11-26
175. Rodrigues-Pinguet NO, Pinguet TJ, Figl A, Lester HA, Cohen BN. 2005. Mutations linked to autosomal dominant nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy affect allosteric Ca2+ activation of the alpha 4 beta 2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. Mol. Pharmacol. 68:487-501
176. Steriade M, Timofeev I, Grenier F. 2001. Natural waking and sleep states: a view from inside neocortical neurons. J. Neurophysiol. 85:1969-85
177. Saper CB, Scammell TE, Lu J. 2005. Hypothalamic regulation of sleep and circadian rhythms. Nature 437:1257-63
178. Lee MG, Hassani OK, Alonso A, Jones BE. 2005. Cholinergic basal forebrain neurons burst with theta during waking and paradoxical sleep. J. Neurosci. 25:4365-69
179. Saint-Mieux B, Eggermann E, Bisetti A, Bayer L, Machard D, et al. 2004. Nicotinic enhancement of the noradrenergic inhibition of sleep-promoting neurons in the ventrolateral preoptic area. J. Neurosci. 24:63-67
180. Lena C, Popa D, Grailhe R, Escourrou P, Changeux JP, Adrien J. 2004. Beta2-containing nicotinic receptors contribute to the organization of sleep and regulate putative microarousals in mice. J. Neurosci. 24:5711-18
181. Hayman M, Scheffer IE, Chinvarun Y, Berlangieri SU, Berkovic SF. 1997. Autosomal dominant nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy: demonstration of focal frontal onset and intrafamilial variation. Neurology 49:969-75
182. Orb S, Wieacker J, Labarca C, Fonck C, Lester HA, Schwarz J. 2004. Knockin mice with Leu9'Ser alpha4-nicotinic receptors: substantia nigra dopaminergic neurons are hypersensitive to agonist and lost postnatally. Physiol. Genomics 18:299-307
183. Fonck C, Cohen BN, Nashmi R, Whiteaker P, Wagenaar DA, et al. 2005. Novel seizure phenotype and sleep disruptions in knock-in mice with hypersensitive alpha4* nicotinic receptors. J. Neurosci. 25:11396-11