메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 61, Issue 4, 2009, Pages 201-208

The dose-response relationship between the patch test and ROAT and the potential use for regulatory purposes

Author keywords

Dose response; Elicitation; Patch test; Repeated exposure; ROAT

Indexed keywords

2 BROMO 2 BROMOMETHYLGLUTARONITRILE; ALLERGEN; FRAGRANCE; HYDROXYISOHEXYL 3 CYCLOHEXENE CARBOXALDEHYDE; ISOEUGENOL; NICKEL; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; VOLATILE AGENT;

EID: 70350007886     PISSN: 01051873     EISSN: 16000536     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0536.2009.01607.x     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (42)

References (54)
  • 1
    • 0036315495 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk assessment failures of chemicals commonly used in consumer products
    • Menné T, Wahlberg J E. Risk assessment failures of chemicals commonly used in consumer products. Contact Dermatitis 2002 : 46 : 189 190.
    • (2002) Contact Dermatitis , vol.46 , pp. 189-190
    • Menné, T.1    Wahlberg, J.E.2
  • 2
    • 0025068011 scopus 로고
    • The immunology of allergic contact dermatitis: The DNCB story
    • Friedmann P S. The immunology of allergic contact dermatitis: the DNCB story. Adv Dermatol 1990 : 5 : 175 195.
    • (1990) Adv Dermatol , vol.5 , pp. 175-195
    • Friedmann, P.S.1
  • 3
    • 0242456077 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Proposal for a risk assessment methodology for skin sensitization based on sensitization potency data
    • Griem P, Goebel C, Scheffler H. Proposal for a risk assessment methodology for skin sensitization based on sensitization potency data. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2003 : 38 : 269 290.
    • (2003) Regul Toxicol Pharmacol , vol.38 , pp. 269-290
    • Griem, P.1    Goebel, C.2    Scheffler, H.3
  • 4
    • 0022619357 scopus 로고
    • The repeated open application test (ROAT)
    • Hannuksela M, Salo H. The repeated open application test (ROAT). Contact Dermatitis 1986 : 14 : 221 227.
    • (1986) Contact Dermatitis , vol.14 , pp. 221-227
    • Hannuksela, M.1    Salo, H.2
  • 5
    • 0034088186 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use tests: ROAT (repeated open application test)/PUT (provocative use test): An overview
    • Nakada T, Hostynek J J, Maibach H I. Use tests: ROAT (repeated open application test)/PUT (provocative use test): an overview. Contact Dermatitis 2000 : 43 : 1 3.
    • (2000) Contact Dermatitis , vol.43 , pp. 1-3
    • Nakada, T.1    Hostynek, J.J.2    Maibach, H.I.3
  • 6
    • 0035251565 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The time-dose-response relationship for elicitation of contact dermatitis in isoeugenol allergic individuals
    • Andersen K E, Johansen J D, Bruze M et al. The time-dose-response relationship for elicitation of contact dermatitis in isoeugenol allergic individuals. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2001 : 170 : 166 171.
    • (2001) Toxicol Appl Pharmacol , vol.170 , pp. 166-171
    • Andersen, K.E.1    Johansen, J.D.2    Bruze, M.3
  • 7
    • 0031955096 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Repeated open application tests (ROAT) in patients allergic to colophony-evaluated visually and with bioengineering techniques
    • Färm G. Repeated open application tests (ROAT) in patients allergic to colophony-evaluated visually and with bioengineering techniques. Acta Derm Venereol 1998 : 78 : 130 135.
    • (1998) Acta Derm Venereol , vol.78 , pp. 130-135
    • Färm, G.1
  • 8
    • 0029990984 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Threshold responses in cinnamic-aldehyde-sensitive subjects: Results and methodological aspects
    • Johansen J D, Andersen K E, Rastogi S C, Menné T. Threshold responses in cinnamic-aldehyde-sensitive subjects: results and methodological aspects. Contact Dermatitis 1996 : 34 : 165 171.
    • (1996) Contact Dermatitis , vol.34 , pp. 165-171
    • Johansen, J.D.1    Andersen, K.E.2    Rastogi, S.C.3    Menné, T.4
  • 9
    • 0142226852 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hydroxyisohexyl 3-cyclohexene carboxaldehyde-known as Lyral: Quantitative aspects and risk assessment of an important fragrance allergen
    • Johansen J D, Frosch P J, Svedman C, Andersen K E, Bruze M, Pirker C, Menné T. Hydroxyisohexyl 3-cyclohexene carboxaldehyde-known as Lyral: quantitative aspects and risk assessment of an important fragrance allergen. Contact Dermatitis 2003 : 48 : 310 316.
    • (2003) Contact Dermatitis , vol.48 , pp. 310-316
    • Johansen, J.D.1    Frosch, P.J.2    Svedman, C.3    Andersen, K.E.4    Bruze, M.5    Pirker, C.6    Menné, T.7
  • 10
    • 0025753069 scopus 로고
    • Relationship between use test and threshold patch test concentration in patients sensitive to 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one and 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (MCI/MI)
    • Menné T. Relationship between use test and threshold patch test concentration in patients sensitive to 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one and 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (MCI/MI). Contact Dermatitis 1991 : 24 : 375.
    • (1991) Contact Dermatitis , vol.24 , pp. 375
    • Menné, T.1
  • 11
    • 21044437988 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantitative patch and repeated open application testing in methyldibromo glutaronitrile-sensitive patients
    • Schnuch A, Kelterer D, Bauer A et al. Quantitative patch and repeated open application testing in methyldibromo glutaronitrile-sensitive patients. Contact Dermatitis 2005 : 52 : 197 206.
    • (2005) Contact Dermatitis , vol.52 , pp. 197-206
    • Schnuch, A.1    Kelterer, D.2    Bauer, A.3
  • 13
    • 34548551012 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nickel allergy-relationship between patch test and repeated open application test thresholds
    • Fischer L A, Johansen J D, Menné T. Nickel allergy-relationship between patch test and repeated open application test thresholds. Br J Dermatol 2007 : 157 : 723 729.
    • (2007) Br J Dermatol , vol.157 , pp. 723-729
    • Fischer, L.A.1    Johansen, J.D.2    Menné, T.3
  • 14
    • 54249101830 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Methyldibromo glutaronitrile allergy-relationship between patch test and repeated open application test thresholds
    • Fischer L A, Johansen J D, Menné T. Methyldibromo glutaronitrile allergy-relationship between patch test and repeated open application test thresholds. Br J Dermatol 2008 : 159 : 1138 1143.
    • (2008) Br J Dermatol , vol.159 , pp. 1138-1143
    • Fischer, L.A.1    Johansen, J.D.2    Menné, T.3
  • 15
    • 69149095593 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hydroxyisohexyl 3-cyclohexene carboxaldehyde allergy-relationship between patch test and repeated open application test thresholds
    • Fischer L A, Menné T, Avnstorp C, Kasting G B, Johansen J D. Hydroxyisohexyl 3-cyclohexene carboxaldehyde allergy-relationship between patch test and repeated open application test thresholds. Br J Dermatol 2009 : 161 : 560 567.
    • (2009) Br J Dermatol , vol.161 , pp. 560-567
    • Fischer, L.A.1    Menné, T.2    Avnstorp, C.3    Kasting, G.B.4    Johansen, J.D.5
  • 16
    • 0020519003 scopus 로고
    • Quantitative relationships between sensitizing dose of DNCB and reactivity in normal subjects
    • Friedmann P S, Moss C, Shuster S, Simpson J M. Quantitative relationships between sensitizing dose of DNCB and reactivity in normal subjects. Clin Exp Immunol 1983 : 53 : 709 715.
    • (1983) Clin Exp Immunol , vol.53 , pp. 709-715
    • Friedmann, P.S.1    Moss, C.2    Shuster, S.3    Simpson, J.M.4
  • 17
    • 0024147732 scopus 로고
    • Contact hypersensitivity
    • Friedmann P S. Contact hypersensitivity. Curr Opin Immunol 1989 : 1 : 690 693.
    • (1989) Curr Opin Immunol , vol.1 , pp. 690-693
    • Friedmann, P.S.1
  • 19
    • 0013974459 scopus 로고
    • The identification of contact allergens by human assay. II. Factors influencing the induction and measurement of allergic contact dermatitis.
    • Kligman A M. The identification of contact allergens by human assay. II. Factors influencing the induction and measurement of allergic contact dermatitis. J Invest Dermatol 1966 : 47 : 375 392.
    • (1966) J Invest Dermatol , vol.47 , pp. 375-392
    • Kligman, A.M.1
  • 20
    • 0003437194 scopus 로고
    • Induction of hypersensitivity. Allergic Contact Dermatitis in the Guinea Pig
    • (eds). In. Springfield, Illinois, CC Thomas
    • Magnusson B, Kligman A M (eds). Induction of hypersensitivity. Allergic Contact Dermatitis in the Guinea Pig. In: Identifications of Contact Allergens. Springfield, Illinois, CC Thomas: 1970 : 44 76.
    • (1970) Identifications of Contact Allergens. , pp. 44-76
    • Magnusson, B.1    Kligman, A.M.2
  • 21
    • 0025058547 scopus 로고
    • The influence of area of application on sensitization by dinitrochlorobenzene
    • Rees J L, Friedmann P S, Matthews J N. The influence of area of application on sensitization by dinitrochlorobenzene. Br J Dermatol 1990 : 122 : 29 31.
    • (1990) Br J Dermatol , vol.122 , pp. 29-31
    • Rees, J.L.1    Friedmann, P.S.2    Matthews, J.N.3
  • 22
    • 0242521780 scopus 로고
    • Beitrag zur Frage das Mechanisms der Sensibiliserung
    • Schnitzer A. Beitrag zur Frage das Mechanisms der Sensibiliserung. Dermatologica 1942 : 85 : 339 347.
    • (1942) Dermatologica , vol.85 , pp. 339-347
    • Schnitzer, A.1
  • 23
    • 0027062704 scopus 로고
    • Influence of area of application of allergen on sensitization in contact dermatitis
    • Upadhye M R, Maibach H I. Influence of area of application of allergen on sensitization in contact dermatitis. Contact Dermatitis 1992 : 27 : 281 286.
    • (1992) Contact Dermatitis , vol.27 , pp. 281-286
    • Upadhye, M.R.1    Maibach, H.I.2
  • 24
    • 0022972863 scopus 로고
    • The effect of altering area of application and dose per unit area on sensitization by DNCB
    • White S I, Friedmann P S, Moss C, Simpson J M. The effect of altering area of application and dose per unit area on sensitization by DNCB. Br J Dermatol 1986 : 115 : 663 668.
    • (1986) Br J Dermatol , vol.115 , pp. 663-668
    • White, S.I.1    Friedmann, P.S.2    Moss, C.3    Simpson, J.M.4
  • 25
    • 0031656946 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The repeated open application test: Suggestions for a scale of evaluation
    • Johansen J D, Bruze M, Andersen K E et al. The repeated open application test: suggestions for a scale of evaluation. Contact Dermatitis 1998 : 39 : 95 96.
    • (1998) Contact Dermatitis , vol.39 , pp. 95-96
    • Johansen, J.D.1    Bruze, M.2    Andersen, K.E.3
  • 26
    • 0027327226 scopus 로고
    • Dose-response testing with nickel sulphate using the TRUE test in nickel-sensitive individuals. Multiple nickel sulphate patch-test reactions do not cause an 'angry back'.
    • Andersen K E, Lidén C, Hansen J, Volund A. Dose-response testing with nickel sulphate using the TRUE test in nickel-sensitive individuals. Multiple nickel sulphate patch-test reactions do not cause an 'angry back'. Br J Dermatol 1993 : 129 : 50 56.
    • (1993) Br J Dermatol , vol.129 , pp. 50-56
    • Andersen, K.E.1    Lidén, C.2    Hansen, J.3    Volund, A.4
  • 27
    • 0033796803 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of the sensitivities of the Buehler test and the guinea pig maximization test for predictive testing of contact allergy
    • Frankild S, Volund A, Wahlberg J E, Andersen K E. Comparison of the sensitivities of the Buehler test and the guinea pig maximization test for predictive testing of contact allergy. Acta Derm Venereol 2000 : 80 : 256 262.
    • (2000) Acta Derm Venereol , vol.80 , pp. 256-262
    • Frankild, S.1    Volund, A.2    Wahlberg, J.E.3    Andersen, K.E.4
  • 31
    • 0029018193 scopus 로고
    • Headspace analysis study of evaporation rate of perfume ingredients applied onto skin
    • Vuilleumier C, Flament I, Sauvegrain P. Headspace analysis study of evaporation rate of perfume ingredients applied onto skin. Int J Cosmet Sci 1995 : 17 : 61 76.
    • (1995) Int J Cosmet Sci , vol.17 , pp. 61-76
    • Vuilleumier, C.1    Flament, I.2    Sauvegrain, P.3
  • 33
    • 14844293179 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Methyldibromo glutaronitrile contact allergy: Effect of single versus repeated daily exposure
    • Jensen C D, Johansen J D, Menné T, Andersen K E. Methyldibromo glutaronitrile contact allergy: effect of single versus repeated daily exposure. Contact Dermatitis 2005 : 52 : 88 92.
    • (2005) Contact Dermatitis , vol.52 , pp. 88-92
    • Jensen, C.D.1    Johansen, J.D.2    Menné, T.3    Andersen, K.E.4
  • 34
    • 34247195618 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intermittent exposure to low-concentration paraphenylenediamine can be equivalent to single, higher-dose exposure
    • White J M, Basketter D A, Pease C K, Sanders D A, McFadden J P. Intermittent exposure to low-concentration paraphenylenediamine can be equivalent to single, higher-dose exposure. Contact Dermatitis 2007 : 56 : 262 265.
    • (2007) Contact Dermatitis , vol.56 , pp. 262-265
    • White, J.M.1    Basketter, D.A.2    Pease, C.K.3    Sanders, D.A.4    McFadden, J.P.5
  • 35
    • 33745901131 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of exposure variables on the induction of skin sensitization
    • Basketter D A, Jefferies D, Safford B J et al. The impact of exposure variables on the induction of skin sensitization. Contact Dermatitis 2006 : 55 : 178 185.
    • (2006) Contact Dermatitis , vol.55 , pp. 178-185
    • Basketter, D.A.1    Jefferies, D.2    Safford, B.J.3
  • 36
    • 36148974772 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relationships between exposure dose and response in induction and elicitation of contact hypersensitivity in humans
    • Friedmann P S. The relationships between exposure dose and response in induction and elicitation of contact hypersensitivity in humans. Br J Dermatol 2007 : 157 : 1093 1102.
    • (2007) Br J Dermatol , vol.157 , pp. 1093-1102
    • Friedmann, P.S.1
  • 37
    • 67349198422 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acceptable risk of contact allergy in the general population assessed by CE-DUR-a method to detect and categorize contact allergy epidemics based on patient data
    • Thyssen J P, Menné T, Schnuch A, Uter W, White I, White J M, Johansen J D. Acceptable risk of contact allergy in the general population assessed by CE-DUR-a method to detect and categorize contact allergy epidemics based on patient data. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2009 : 84 : 183 187.
    • (2009) Regul Toxicol Pharmacol , vol.84 , pp. 183-187
    • Thyssen, J.P.1    Menné, T.2    Schnuch, A.3    Uter, W.4    White, I.5    White, J.M.6    Johansen, J.D.7
  • 38
    • 84895416238 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metals
    • In. Frosch, P. Menne, T. Lepoittevin, J. P. (eds). Berlin, Heidelberg, New York. Springer
    • Lidén C, Bruze M, Menné T. Metals. In: Contact Dermatitis, 4th edition, Frosch P, Menne T, Lepoittevin J P (eds): Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, Springer, 2006 : 537 568.
    • (2006) Contact Dermatitis, 4th Edition , pp. 537-568
    • Lidén, C.1    Bruze, M.2    Menné, T.3
  • 39
    • 70350038784 scopus 로고
    • European Parliament and Council Directive 94/27/EC of 30 June 1994 amending for the 12th time Directive 76/769/EEC on the approximation of the laws, regulations and administrative provisions of the Member States relating to restrictions on the marketing and use of certain dangerous substances and preparations. Available at. last accessed 04 August 2009).
    • European Parliament and Council Directive 94/27/EC of 30 June 1994 amending for the 12th time Directive 76/769/EEC on the approximation of the laws, regulations and administrative provisions of the Member States relating to restrictions on the marketing and use of certain dangerous substances and preparations, 1994. Available at : www.teg.co.uk/nickel/94-27-EC.htm (last accessed 04 August 2009).
    • (1994)
  • 40
    • 70350030506 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Commission Directive 2004/96/EC of 27 September 2004 amending Council Directive 76/769/EEC as regards restrictions on the marketing and use of nickel for piercing post assemblies for the purpose of adapting its Annex I to technical progress. Available at. last accessed 04 August 2009).
    • Commission Directive 2004/96/EC of 27 September 2004 amending Council Directive 76/769/EEC as regards restrictions on the marketing and use of nickel for piercing post assemblies for the purpose of adapting its Annex I to technical progress, 2004. Available at : www.eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/ LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2004:301:0051:0052:EN:PDF (last accessed 04 August 2009).
    • (2004)
  • 41
    • 0036235821 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decrease in nickel sensitization in a Danish schoolgirl population with ears pierced after implementation of a nickel-exposure regulation
    • Jensen C S, Lisby S, Baadsgaard O, Volund A, Menné T. Decrease in nickel sensitization in a Danish schoolgirl population with ears pierced after implementation of a nickel-exposure regulation. Br J Dermatol 2002 : 146 : 636 642.
    • (2002) Br J Dermatol , vol.146 , pp. 636-642
    • Jensen, C.S.1    Lisby, S.2    Baadsgaard, O.3    Volund, A.4    Menné, T.5
  • 42
    • 0344626205 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in the pattern of sensitization to common contact allergens in Denmark between 1985-86 and 1997-98, with a special view to the effect of preventive strategies
    • Johansen J, Menné T, Christophersen J, Kaaber K, Veien N. Changes in the pattern of sensitization to common contact allergens in Denmark between 1985-86 and 1997-98, with a special view to the effect of preventive strategies. Br J Dermatol 2000 : 142 : 490 495.
    • (2000) Br J Dermatol , vol.142 , pp. 490-495
    • Johansen, J.1    Menné, T.2    Christophersen, J.3    Kaaber, K.4    Veien, N.5
  • 43
    • 0347504670 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decrease in nickel allergy in Germany and regulatory interventions
    • Schnuch A, Uter W. Decrease in nickel allergy in Germany and regulatory interventions. Contact Dermatitis 2003 : 49 : 107 108.
    • (2003) Contact Dermatitis , vol.49 , pp. 107-108
    • Schnuch, A.1    Uter, W.2
  • 44
    • 70350016262 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Opinion of the scientific committee on cosmetic products and non-food products intended for consumers concerning Methyldibromo Glutaronitrile, Colipa no. P77 adopted by the SCCNFP during the 20th plenary meeting of 4 June. Available at. (last accessed 04 August 2009).
    • Opinion of the scientific committee on cosmetic products and non-food products intended for consumers concerning Methyldibromo Glutaronitrile, Colipa no. P77 adopted by the SCCNFP during the 20th plenary meeting of 4 June 2002 Available at : www.ec.europa.eu/health/ph-risk/committees/sccp/documents/out169- en.pdf (last accessed 04 August 2009).
    • (2002)
  • 45
    • 70350013170 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Opinion on Methyldibromo glutaronitrile. Adopted 15 March 2005/20 June 2006: of the House Comm. on Scientific Committee on Consumer Products SCCP, COLIPA n P77. Available at. last accessed 04 August 2009).
    • Opinion on Methyldibromo glutaronitrile. Adopted 15 March 2005/20 June 2006: of the House Comm. on Scientific Committee on Consumer Products SCCP, COLIPA n P77, 2005. Available at : www.ec.europa.eu/health/ph-risk/committees/ 04-sccp/does/sccp-o-060.pdf (last accessed 04 August 2009).
    • (2005)
  • 46
    • 47249121261 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decreasing trends in methyldibromo glutaronitrile contact allergy-following regulatory intervention
    • Johansen J D, Veien N, Laurberg G et al. Decreasing trends in methyldibromo glutaronitrile contact allergy-following regulatory intervention. Contact Dermatitis 2008 : 59 : 48 51.
    • (2008) Contact Dermatitis , vol.59 , pp. 48-51
    • Johansen, J.D.1    Veien, N.2    Laurberg, G.3
  • 47
    • 0035021595 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Skin sensitisation, vehicle effects and the local lymph node assay
    • DOI 10.1016/S0278-6915(00)00169-1, PII S0278691500001691
    • Basketter D A, Gerberick G F, Kimber I. Skin sensitisation, vehicle effects and the local lymph node assay. Food Chem Toxicol 2001 : 39 : 621 627. (Pubitemid 32429476)
    • (2001) Food and Chemical Toxicology , vol.39 , Issue.6 , pp. 621-627
    • Basketter, D.A.1    Gerberick, G.F.2    Kimber, I.3
  • 48
    • 8344287008 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Methyldibromoglutaronitrile in leave-on products elicits contact allergy at low concentration
    • Kynemund P L, Agner T, Held E, Johansen J D. Methyldibromoglutaronitrile in leave-on products elicits contact allergy at low concentration. Br J Dermatol 2004 : 151 : 817 822.
    • (2004) Br J Dermatol , vol.151 , pp. 817-822
    • Kynemund, P.L.1    Agner, T.2    Held, E.3    Johansen, J.D.4
  • 49
    • 1242320227 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Methyldibromoglutaronitrile in rinse-off products causes allergic contact dermatitis: An experimental study
    • Jensen C D, Johansen J D, Menné T, Andersen K E. Methyldibromoglutaronitrile in rinse-off products causes allergic contact dermatitis: an experimental study. Br J Dermatol 2004 : 150 : 90 95.
    • (2004) Br J Dermatol , vol.150 , pp. 90-95
    • Jensen, C.D.1    Johansen, J.D.2    Menné, T.3    Andersen, K.E.4
  • 50
    • 0002412678 scopus 로고
    • Sensitivity of various skin sites in the repeated open application
    • Hannuksela M. Sensitivity of various skin sites in the repeated open application. Am J Contact Dermat 1991 : 2 : 102 104.
    • (1991) Am J Contact Dermat , vol.2 , pp. 102-104
    • Hannuksela, M.1
  • 51
    • 0031816328 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Allergens in combination have a synergistic effect on the elicitation response: A study of fragrance-sensitized individuals
    • Johansen J D, Skov L, Volund A, Andersen K, Menné T. Allergens in combination have a synergistic effect on the elicitation response: a study of fragrance-sensitized individuals. Br J Dermatol 1998 : 139 : 264 270.
    • (1998) Br J Dermatol , vol.139 , pp. 264-270
    • Johansen, J.D.1    Skov, L.2    Volund, A.3    Andersen, K.4    Menné, T.5
  • 52
    • 0030479877 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Suboptimal non-inflammatory concentrations of haptens may elicit a contact sensitivity reaction when used as a mix
    • Krasteva M, Garrigue J L, Horrand F, Tchou I, Descotes J, Nicolas J F. Suboptimal non-inflammatory concentrations of haptens may elicit a contact sensitivity reaction when used as a mix. Contact Dermatitis 1996 : 35 : 279 282.
    • (1996) Contact Dermatitis , vol.35 , pp. 279-282
    • Krasteva, M.1    Garrigue, J.L.2    Horrand, F.3    Tchou, I.4    Descotes, J.5    Nicolas, J.F.6
  • 53
    • 0025338129 scopus 로고
    • Contact dermatitis with negative patch tests: The additive effect of allergens in combination
    • McLelland J, Shuster S. Contact dermatitis with negative patch tests: the additive effect of allergens in combination. Br J Dermatol 1990 : 122 : 623 630.
    • (1990) Br J Dermatol , vol.122 , pp. 623-630
    • McLelland, J.1    Shuster, S.2
  • 54
    • 0015111574 scopus 로고
    • Nickel allergy and atopy. Threshold of nickel sensitivity and immunoglobulin e determinations.
    • Wahlberg J E, Skog E. Nickel allergy and atopy. Threshold of nickel sensitivity and immunoglobulin E determinations. Br J Dermatol 1971 : 85 : 97 104.
    • (1971) Br J Dermatol , vol.85 , pp. 97-104
    • Wahlberg, J.E.1    Skog, E.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.