Mononuclear cells in liver fibrosis

Seminars in Immunopathology

Volumn 31, Issue 3, 2009, Pages 345-358

  Marra, Fabio ^a   Aleffi, Sara ^a   Galastri, Sara ^a   Provenzano, Angela ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF FLORENCE   (Italy)

Author keywords

B lymphocytes; Chemokines; Hepatic stellate cells; Kupffer cells; Liver fibrosis; Macrophages; Monocytes; NK cells; NKT cells; T lymphocytes

Indexed keywords

CHEMOKINE RECEPTOR CCR2; CHEMOKINE RECEPTOR CCR7; CHEMOKINE RECEPTOR CXCR3; CYTOKINE; GAMMA INTERFERON; GAMMA INTERFERON INDUCIBLE PROTEIN 10; GLATIRAMER; INTERLEUKIN 10; INTERLEUKIN 8; MONOCYTE CHEMOTACTIC PROTEIN 1; TOLL LIKE RECEPTOR;

ANGIOGENESIS; B LYMPHOCYTE; CD8+ T LYMPHOCYTE; CELL INTERACTION; CELL KILLING; CHRONIC HEPATITIS; CYTOKINE RELEASE; DISEASE MODEL; DRUG MECHANISM; EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX; FIBROGENESIS; GRAFT VERSUS HOST REACTION; HUMAN; IMMUNE RESPONSE; IMMUNOMODULATION; KUPFFER CELL; LIVER FIBROSIS; LIVER INJURY; MACROPHAGE; MONOCYTE; MONONUCLEAR CELL; MYOFIBROBLAST; NATURAL KILLER CELL; NATURAL KILLER T CELL; NONHUMAN; OXIDATIVE STRESS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SCHISTOSOMIASIS; TH1 CELL; TH2 CELL; WOUND HEALING;

ANIMALS; B-LYMPHOCYTES; CYTOKINES; EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX; HUMANS; KILLER CELLS, NATURAL; LIVER; LIVER CIRRHOSIS; MACROPHAGES; NATURAL KILLER T-CELLS; T-LYMPHOCYTE SUBSETS; TOLL-LIKE RECEPTORS;

EID: 70349562495     PISSN: 18632297     EISSN: 18632300     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00281-009-0169-0     Document Type: Review

References (128)

1. SL Friedman 2008 Mechanisms of hepatic fibrogenesis Gastroenterology 134 1655-1669
2. D Schuppan M Ruehl R Somasundaram EG Hahn 2001 Matrix as a modulator of hepatic fibrogenesis Semin Liver Dis 21 351-372
3. M Pinzani P Failli C Ruocco, et al. 1992 Fat-storing cells as liver-specific pericytes. Spatial dynamics of agonist-stimulated intracellular calcium transients J Clin Invest 90 642-646
4. DC Rockey CN Housset SL Friedman 1993 Activation-dependent contractility of rat hepatic lipocytes in culture and in vivo J Clin Invest 92 1795
5. DA Mann DE Smart 2002 Transcriptional regulation of hepatic stellate cell activation Gut 50 891-896
6. M Parola G Robino 2001 Oxidative stress-related molecules and liver fibrosis Journal of Hepatology 35 297-306
7. JS Duffield SJ Forbes CM Constandinou, et al. 2005 Selective depletion of macrophages reveals distinct, opposing roles during liver injury and repair J Clin Invest 115 56 65
8. B Smedsrod PJ De Bleser F Braet, et al. 1994 Cell biology of liver endothelial and Kupffer cells Gut 35 1509-1516
9. L Bouwens M Baekeland R De Zanger E Wisse 1986 Quantitation, tissue distribution and proliferation kinetics of Kupffer cells in normal rat liver Hepatology 6 718-722
10. PJ Winwood MJ Arthur 1993 Kupffer cells: their activation and role in animal models of liver injury and human liver disease Semin Liver Dis 13 50 59
11. V Purohit DA Brenner 2006 Mechanisms of alcohol-induced hepatic fibrosis: a summary of the Ron Thurman Symposium Hepatology 43 872-878
12. JJ Maher 1999 Leukocytes as modulators of stellate cell activation Alcohol Clin Exp Res 23 917-921
13. Y Shiratori A Geerts T Ichida T Kawase E Wisse 1986 Kupffer cells from CCl4-induced fibrotic livers stimulate proliferation of fat-storing cells J Hepatol 3 294-303
14. A Geerts P Schellinck L Bouwens E Wisse 1988 Cell population kinetics of Kupffer cells during the onset of fibrosis in rat liver by chronic carbon tetrachloride administration J Hepatol 6 50 56
15. SL Friedman MJ Arthur 1989 Activation of cultured rat hepatic lipocytes by Kupffer cell conditioned medium. Direct enhancement of matrix synthesis and stimulation of cell proliferation via induction of platelet-derived growth factor receptors J Clin Invest 84 1780-1785
16. AM Gressner O Zerbe 1987 Kupffer cell-mediated induction of synthesis and secretion of proteoglycans by rat liver fat-storing cells in culture J Hepatol 5 299-310
17. AM Gressner R Weiskirchen K Breitkopf S Dooley 2002 Roles of TGF-beta in hepatic fibrosis Front Biosci 7 d793 d807
18. M Matsuoka H Tsukamoto 1990 Stimulation of hepatic lipocyte collagen production by Kupffer cell-derived transforming growth factor beta: implication for a pathogenetic role in alcoholic liver fibrogenesis Hepatology 11 599-605
19. F Marra A Gentilini M Pinzani, et al. 1997 Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase is required for platelet-derived growth factor's actions on hepatic stellate cells Gastroenterology 112 1297-1306
20. M Pinzani L Gesualdo GM Sabbah HE Abboud 1989 Effects of platelet-derived growth factor and other polypeptide mitogens on DNA synthesis and growth of cultured rat liver fatstoring cells J Clin Invest 84 1786-1793
21. N Nieto 2006 Oxidative-stress and IL-6 mediate the fibrogenic effects of [corrected] Kupffer cells on stellate cells Hepatology 44 1487-1501
22. CA Rivera BU Bradford KJ Hunt, et al. 2001 Attenuation of CCl(4)-induced hepatic fibrosis by GdCl(3) treatment or dietary glycine Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 281 G200-207
23. Marra F, Bertolani C (2009) Adipokines in liver disease. Hepatology, in press. doi: 10.1002/hep.23046
24. K Ikejima Y Takei H Honda M Hirose M Yoshikawa YJ Zhang T Lang T Fukuda S Yamashina T Kitamura N Sato 2002 Leptin receptor-mediated signaling regulates hepatic fibrogenesis and remodeling of extracellular matrix in the rat Gastroenterology 122 1399-1410
25. Wang J, Leclercq I, Brymora JM, et al. (2009) Kupffer cells mediate leptin-induced liver fibrosis. Gastroenterology, in press. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2009.04.011
26. S Aleffi I Petrai C Bertolani, et al. 2005 Upregulation of proinflammatory and proangiogenic cytokines by leptin in human hepatic stellate cells Hepatology 42 1339-1348
27. NK Saxena K Ikeda DC Rockey SL Friedman FA Anania 2002 Leptin in hepatic fibrosis: evidence for increased collagen production in stellate cells and lean littermates of ob/ob mice Hepatology 35 762-771
28. A Mencin J Kluwe RF Schwabe 2009 Toll-like receptors as targets in chronic liver diseases Gut 58 704-720
29. E Seki S De Minicis CH Osterreicher, et al. 2007 TLR4 enhances TGF-beta signaling and hepatic fibrosis Nat Med 13 1324-1332
30. H Huang ML Shiffman S Friedman, et al. 2007 A 7 gene signature identifies the risk of developing cirrhosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C Hepatology 46 297-306
31. J Guo J Loke F Zheng F Hong S Yea M Fukata M Tarocchi OT Abar H Huang JJ Sninsky S Friedman 2009 Functional linkage of cirrhosis-predictive single nucleotide polymorphisms of Toll-like receptor 4 to hepatic stellate cell responses Hepatology 49 3 960-968
32. A Watanabe A Hashmi DA Gomes, et al. 2007 Apoptotic hepatocyte DNA inhibits hepatic stellate cell chemotaxis via toll-like receptor 9 Hepatology 46 1509-1518
33. E Gabele M Muhlbauer C Dorn, et al. 2008 Role of TLR9 in hepatic stellate cells and experimental liver fibrosis Biochem Biophys Res Commun 376 271-276
34. M Pardo N Budick-Harmelin B Tirosh O Tirosh 2008 Antioxidant defense in hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury is regulated by damage-associated molecular pattern signal molecules Free Rad Biol Med 45 1073-1083
35. M Imamura T Ogawa Y Sasaguri K Chayama H Ueno 2005 Suppression of macrophage infiltration inhibits activation of hepatic stellate cells and liver fibrogenesis in rats Gastroenterology 128 138-146
36. S Inoue K Egashira W Ni, et al. 2002 Anti-monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 gene therapy limits progression and destabilization of established atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-knockout mice Circulation 106 2700-2706
37. L Boring J Gosling M Cleary IF Charo 1998 Decreased lesion formation in CCR2-/- mice reveals a role for chemokines in the initiation of atherosclerosis Nature 394 894-897
38. L Gu Y Okada SK Clinton, et al. 1998 Absence of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 reduces atherosclerosis in low density lipoprotein receptor-deficient mice Mol Cell 2 275-281
39. E Zamara S Galastri S Aleffi, et al. 2007 Prevention of severe toxic liver injury and oxidative stress in MCP-1-deficient mice J Hepatol 46 230-238
40. F Marra R DeFranco C Grappone, et al. 1999 Expression of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 precedes monocyte recruitment in a rat model of acute liver injury, and is modulated by vitamin E J Investig Med 47 66 75
41. C Josse JR Boelaert M Best-Belpomme J Piette 2001 Importance of post-transcriptional regulation of chemokine genes by oxidative stress Biochem J 360 321-333
42. Y Xu M Rojkind MJ Czaja 1996 Regulation of monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 by cytokines and oxygen free radicals in rat hepatic fat-storing cells Gastroenterology 110 1870-1877
43. F Marra AJ Valente M Pinzani HE Abboud 1993 Cultured human liver fat-storing cells produce monocyte chemotactic protein-1. Regulation by proinflammatory cytokines J Clin Invest 92 1674-1680
44. MJ Czaja A Geerts J Xu P Schmiedeberg Y Ju 1994 Monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) expression occurs in toxic rat liver injury and human liver disease J Leukoc Biol 55 120-126
45. F Marra 2002 Chemokines in liver inflammation and fibrosis Front Biosci 7 d1899-1914
46. F Marra RG Romanelli C Giannini, et al. 1999 Monocyte chemotactic protein-1 as a chemoattractant for human hepatic stellate cells Hepatology 29 140-148
47. EA Kruglov RA Nathanson T Nguyen JA Dranoff 2006 Secretion of MCP-1/CCL2 by bile duct epithelia induces myofibroblastic transdifferentiation of portal fibroblasts Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 290 G765-771
48. F Marra R DeFranco C Grappone, et al. 1998 Increased expression of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 during active hepatic fibrogenesis: correlation with monocyte infiltration Am J Pathol 152 423-430
49. T Asselah I Bieche I Laurendeau, et al. 2005 Liver gene expression signature of mild fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C Gastroenterology 129 2064-2075 (Pubitemid 41772981)
50. M Muhlbauer AK Bosserhoff A Hartmann, et al. 2003 A novel MCP-1 gene polymorphism is associated with hepatic MCP-1 expression and severity of HCV-related liver disease Gastroenterology 125 1085-1093
51. Seki E, de Minicis S, Inokuchi S, et al (2009) CCR2 promotes hepatic fibrosis in mice. Hepatology, in press
52. RF Schwabe R Bataller DA Brenner 2003 Human hepatic stellate cells express CCR5 and RANTES to induce proliferation and migration Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 285 G949 G958
53. JA Fallowfield M Mizuno TJ Kendall, et al. 2007 Scar-associated macrophages are a major source of hepatic matrix metalloproteinase-13 and facilitate the resolution of murine hepatic fibrosis J Immunol 178 5288-5295
54. S Gehring EM Dickson ME San Martin, et al. 2006 Kupffer cells abrogate cholestatic liver injury in mice Gastroenterology 130 810-822
55. KK Roggin EF Papa AG Kurkchubasche TF Tracy Jr 2000 Kupffer cell inactivation delays repair in a rat model of reversible biliary obstruction J Surg Res 90 166-173
56. MW Harty HM Huddleston EF Papa, et al. 2005 Repair after cholestatic liver injury correlates with neutrophil infiltration and matrix metalloproteinase 8 activity Surgery 138 313-320
57. MW Harty EF Papa HM Huddleston, et al. 2008 Hepatic macrophages promote the neutrophil-dependent resolution of fibrosis in repairing cholestatic rat livers Surgery 143 667-678
58. C Mitchell D Couton JP Couty, et al. 2009 Dual role of CCR2 in the constitution and the resolution of liver fibrosis in mice Am J Pathol 174 1766-1775
59. FO Martinez A Sica A Mantovani M Locati 2008 Macrophage activation and polarization Front Biosci 13 453-461
60. Higashi-Kuwata N, Makino T, Inoue Y, Takeya M, Ihn H (2009) Alternatively activated macrophages (M2 macrophages) in the skin of patient with localized scleroderma. Exp Dermatol [Epub ahead of print].
61. S Gordon 2003 Alternative activation of macrophages Nat Rev Immunol 3 23 35
62. JT Pesce TR Ramalingam MM Mentink-Kane, et al. 2009 Arginase-1-expressing macrophages suppress Th2 cytokine-driven inflammation and fibrosis PLoS Pathog 5 e1000371
63. S Romagnani 2006 Regulation of the T cell response Clin Exp Allergy 36 1357-1366
64. A Casini OE Ricci F Paoletti C Surrenti 1985 Immune mechanisms for hepatic fibrogenesis. T-lymphocyte-mediated stimulation of fibroblast collagen production in chronic active hepatitis Liver 5 134-141
65. Z Shi AE Wakil DC Rockey 1997 Strain-specific differences in mouse hepatic wound healing are mediated by divergent T helper cytokine responses Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 94 10663-10668
66. MJ Czaja FR Weiner S Takahashi, et al. 1989 Gamma-interferon treatment inhibits collagen deposition in murine schistosomiasis Hepatology 10 795-800
67. GS Baroni L D'Ambrosio P Curto, et al. 1996 Interferon gamma decreases hepatic stellate cell activation and extracellular matrix deposition in rat liver fibrosis Hepatology 23 1189-1199
68. DC Rockey JJ Maher WR Jarnagin G Gabbiani SL Friedman 1992 Inhibition of rat hepatic lipocyte activation in culture by interferon-gamma Hepatology 16 776-784
69. B Knight R Lim GC Yeoh JK Olynyk 2007 Interferon-gamma exacerbates liver damage, the hepatic progenitor cell response and fibrosis in a mouse model of chronic liver injury J Hepatol 47 826-833
70. F Marra GG Choudhury HE Abboud 1996 Interferon-gamma-mediated activation of STAT1alpha regulates growth factor-induced mitogenesis J Clin Invest 98 1218-1230
71. PJ Pockros L Jeffers N Afdhal, et al. 2007 Final results of a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of the antifibrotic efficacy of interferon-gamma1b in chronic hepatitis C patients with advanced fibrosis or cirrhosis Hepatology 45 569-578
72. K Thompson J Maltby J Fallowfield M McAulay H Millward-Sadler N Sheron 1998 Interleukin-10 expression and function in experimental murine liver inflammation and fibrosis Hepatology 28 1597-1606
73. TA Wynn 2004 Fibrotic disease and the T(H) 1/T(H) 2 paradigm Nat Rev Immunol 4 583-594
74. SC Wang M Ohata L Schrum RA Rippe H Tsukamoto 1998 Expression of interleukin-10 by in vitro and in vivo activated hepatic stellate cells J Biol Chem 273 302-308
75. KC Thompson A Trowern A Fowell, et al. 1998 Primary rat and mouse hepatic stellate cells express the macrophage inhibitor cytokine interleukin-10 during the course of activation In vitro Hepatology 28 1518-1524
76. DR Nelson Z Tu C Soldevila-Pico, et al. 2003 Long-term interleukin 10 therapy in chronic hepatitis C patients has a proviral and anti-inflammatory effect Hepatology 38 859-868
77. HM Coutinho LP Acosta HW Wu, et al. 2007 Th2 cytokines are associated with persistent hepatic fibrosis in human Schistosoma japonicum infection J Infect Dis 195 288-295
78. LF Alves Oliveira EC Moreno G Gazzinelli, et al. 2006 Cytokine production associated with periportal fibrosis during chronic schistosomiasis mansoni in humans Infect Immun 74 1215-1221
79. IO Farah PW Mola TM Kariuki M Nyindo RE Blanton CL King 2000 Repeated exposure induces periportal fibrosis in Schistosoma mansoni-infected baboons: role of TGF-beta and IL-4 J Immunol 164 5337-5343
80. MS Wilson MM Mentink-Kane JT Pesce TR Ramalingam R Thompson TA Wynn 2007 Immunopathology of schistosomiasis Immunol Cell Biol 85 148-154
81. AW Cheever ME Williams TA Wynn, et al. 1994 Anti-IL-4 treatment of Schistosoma mansoni-infected mice inhibits development of T cells and non-B, non-T cells expressing Th2 cytokines while decreasing egg-induced hepatic fibrosis J Immunol 153 753-759
82. TA Wynn AW Cheever D Jankovic, et al. 1995 An IL-12-based vaccination method for preventing fibrosis induced by schistosome infection Nature 376 594-596
83. MG Chiaramonte DD Donaldson AW Cheever TA Wynn 1999 An IL-13 inhibitor blocks the development of hepatic fibrosis during a T-helper type 2-dominated inflammatory response J Clin Invest 104 777-785
84. B Vaillant MG Chiaramonte AW Cheever PD Soloway TA Wynn 2001 Regulation of hepatic fibrosis and extracellular matrix genes by the th response: new insight into the role of tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases J Immunol 167 7017-7026
85. J Pesce M Kaviratne TR Ramalingam, et al. 2006 The IL-21 receptor augments Th2 effector function and alternative macrophage activation J Clin Invest 116 2044-2055
86. R Safadi M Ohta CE Alvarez, et al. 2004 Immune stimulation of hepatic fibrogenesis by CD8 cells and attenuation by transgenic interleukin-10 from hepatocytes Gastroenterology 127 870-882
87. R Safadi E Zigmond O Pappo Z Shalev Y Ilan 2007 Amelioration of hepatic fibrosis via beta-glucosylceramide-mediated immune modulation is associated with altered CD8 and NKT lymphocyte distribution Int Immunol 19 1021-1029
88. A Horani N Muhanna O Pappo, et al. 2007 Beneficial effect of glatiramer acetate (Copaxone) on immune modulation of experimental hepatic fibrosis Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 292 G628-638
89. S Inada K Suzuki T Kimura, et al. 1995 Concentric fibrosis and cellular infiltration around bile ducts induced by graft-versus-host reaction in mice: a role of CD8+ cells Autoimmunity 22 163-171
90. L Lombardo A Capaldi G Poccardi P Vineis 1995 Peripheral blood CD3 and CD4 T-lymphocyte reduction correlates with severity of liver cirrhosis Int J Clin Lab Res 25 153-156
91. A Panasiuk D Prokopowicz J Zak J Wysocka 2003 Peripheral blood T, B, and NK cells in relation to histological hepatitis activity and fibrosis stage in chronic hepatitis C Hepatogastroenterology 50 178-182
92. N Muhanna S Doron O Wald, et al. 2008 Activation of hepatic stellate cells after phagocytosis of lymphocytes: a novel pathway of fibrogenesis Hepatology 48 963-977
93. M Zeremski LM Petrovic L Chiriboga, et al. 2008 Intrahepatic levels of CXCR3-associated chemokines correlate with liver inflammation and fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C Hepatology 48 1440-1450
94. A Bonacchi P Romagnani RG Romanelli, et al. 2001 Signal transduction by the chemokine receptor CXCR3: activation of Ras/ERK, Src, and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt controls cell migration and proliferation in human vascular pericytes J Biol Chem 276 9945-9954
95. L Lasagni M Francalanci F Annunziato, et al. 2003 An alternatively spliced variant of CXCR3 mediates the inhibition of endothelial cell growth induced by IP-10, Mig, and I-TAC, and acts as functional receptor for platelet factor 4 J Exp Med 197 1537-1549
96. I Petrai K Rombouts L Lasagni, et al. 2008 Activation of p38(MAPK) mediates the angiostatic effect of the chemokine receptor CXCR3-B Int J Biochem Cell Biol 40 1764-1774
97. Wasmuth HE, Lammert F, Zaldivar MM, et al. (2009) Anti-fibrotic effects of CXCL9 and its receptor CXCR3 in livers of mice and humans. Gastroenterology, in press. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2009.03.053
98. A Bonacchi I Petrai RM Defranco, et al. 2003 The chemokine CCL21 modulates lymphocyte recruitment and fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C Gastroenterology 125 1060-1076
99. LM Ebert P Schaerli B Moser 2005 Chemokine-mediated control of T cell traffic in lymphoid and peripheral tissues Mol Immunol 42 799-809
100. AP Holt EL Haughton PF Lalor A Filer CD Buckley DH Adams 2009 Liver myofibroblasts regulate infiltration and positioning of lymphocytes in human liver Gastroenterology 136 705-714
101. F Hong A Tuyama TF Lee, et al. 2009 Hepatic stellate cells express functional CXCR4: Role in stromal cell-derived factor-1alpha-mediated stellate cell activation Hepatology 49 6 2055-2067
102. S Kobayashi S Seki N Kawada, et al. 2003 Apoptosis of T cells in the hepatic fibrotic tissue of the rat: a possible inducing role of hepatic myofibroblast-like cells Cell Tissue Res 311 353-364
103. G Jiang HR Yang L Wang, et al. 2008 Hepatic stellate cells preferentially expand allogeneic CD4+ CD25+ FoxP3+ regulatory T cells in an IL-2-dependent manner Transplantation 86 1492-1502
104. O Vinas R Bataller P Sancho-Bru, et al. 2003 Human hepatic stellate cells show features of antigen-presenting cells and stimulate lymphocyte proliferation Hepatology 38 919-929
105. F Winau G Hegasy R Weiskirchen, et al. 2007 Ito cells are liver-resident antigen-presenting cells for activating T cell responses Immunity 26 117-129
106. B Gao WI Jeong Z Tian 2008 Liver: an organ with predominant innate immunity Hepatology 47 729-736
107. LL Lanier 2005 NK cell recognition Annu Rev Immunol 23 225-274
108. M Shirachi M Sata I Miyajima M Tanaka K Tanikawa 1998 Liver-associated natural killer activity in cirrhotic rats Microbiol Immunol 42 117-124
109. S Tsuyuki A Yamauchi H Nakamura, et al. 1998 N-acetylcysteine improves cytotoxic activity of cirrhotic rat liver-associated mononuclear cells Int Immunol 10 1501-1508
110. S Radaeva R Sun B Jaruga VT Nguyen Z Tian B Gao 2006 Natural killer cells ameliorate liver fibrosis by killing activated stellate cells in NKG2D-dependent and tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand-dependent manners Gastroenterology 130 435-452
111. RS WL S Radaev WI Jeong O Park B Gao 2007 Retinoic acid signaling sensitizes hepatic stellate cells to NK cell killing via upregulation of NK cell activating ligand RAE1 Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 293 4 G809-816
112. A Melhem N Muhanna A Bishara, et al. 2006 Anti-fibrotic activity of NK cells in experimental liver injury through killing of activated HSC J Hepatol 45 60 71
113. MN HA S Doron R Safadi 2007 Lymphocyte-hepatic stellate cell proximity suggests a direct interaction Clin Exp Immunol 148 2 338-347
114. WI Jeong O Park S Radaeva B Gao 2006 STAT1 inhibits liver fibrosis in mice by inhibiting stellate cell proliferation and stimulating NK cell cytotoxicity Hepatology 44 1441-1451
115. WI Jeong O Park B Gao 2008 Abrogation of the antifibrotic effects of natural killer cells/interferon-gamma contributes to alcohol acceleration of liver fibrosis Gastroenterology 134 248-258
116. C Asseman V Pancré B Quatennens C Auriault 1996 Schistosoma mansoni-infected mice show augmented hepatic fibrosis and selective inhibition of liver cytokine production after treatment with anti-NK1.1 antibodies Immunol Lett 54 11 20
117. V Krizhanovsky M Yon RA Dickins, et al. 2008 Senescence of activated stellate cells limits liver fibrosis Cell 134 657-667
118. A Bendelac MN Rivera SH Park JH Roark 1997 Mouse CD1-specific NK1 T cells: development, specificity, and function Annu Rev Immunol 15 535-562
119. M Kronenberg 2005 Toward an understanding of NKT cell biology: progress and paradoxes Annu Rev Immunol 23 877-900
120. F Geissmann TO Cameron S Sidobre, et al. 2005 Intravascular immune surveillance by CXCR6+ NKT cells patrolling liver sinusoids PLoS Biol 3 e113
121. K Kimura M Nagaki T Matsuura H Moriwaki K Kakimi 2009 Pathological role of CD44 on NKT cells in carbon tetrachloride-mediated liver injury Hepatol Res 39 1 93 15
122. A Kahraman FJ Barreyro SF Bronk, et al. 2008 TRAIL mediates liver injury by the innate immune system in the bile duct-ligated mouse Hepatology 47 1317-1330
123. O Park WI Jeong L Wang, et al. 2009 Diverse roles of invariant natural killer T cells in liver injury and fibrosis induced by carbon tetrachloride Hepatology 49 1683-1694
124. NTI MG A Amatucci S Kogan I Brenner S Casola MJ Shlomchik V Koteliansky PS Hochman A Ibraghimov 2005 Attenuated liver fibrosis in the absence of B cells J Clin Invest 115 2962-2965
125. T Mosmann 2000 Complexity or coherence Cytokine secretion by B cells Nature immunology 1 465-466
126. S Fichtner-Feigl W Strober K Kawakami RK Puri A Kitani 2006 IL-13 signaling through the IL-13alpha(2) receptor is involved in induction of TGF-beta(1) production and fibrosis Nat Med 12 99 106
127. SC Afford S Rhandawa AG Eliopoulos SG Hubscher LS Young DH Adams 1999 CD40 activation induces apoptosis in cultured human hepatocytes via induction of cell surface FasL expression and amplifies Fas mediated hepatocyte death during allograft rejection J Exp Med 189 441-446
128. X Zhou FK Tan DM Milewicz X Guo CA Bona FC Arnett 2005 Autoantibodies to fibrillin-1 activate normal human fibroblasts in culture through the TGF-beta pathway to recapitulate the "scleroderma phenotype" J Immunol 175 4555-4560