메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 29, Issue 3, 2009, Pages 315-330

Special clinical challenges in autoimmune hepatitis: The elderly, males, pregnancy, mild disease, fulminant onset, and nonwhite patients

Author keywords

Diagnostic difficulties; Treatment recommendations; Variant presentations

Indexed keywords

ALENDRONIC ACID; ANTIGEN; AZATHIOPRINE; CALCIUM; COLECALCIFEROL; CORTICOSTEROID; HEPATITIS A VACCINE; HEPATITIS B VACCINE; MERCAPTOPURINE; PREDNISONE;

EID: 68849087156     PISSN: 02728087     EISSN: 10988971     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1233530     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (49)

References (200)
  • 1
    • 29444453466 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diverse manifestations and evolving treatments of autoimmune hepatitis
    • Czaja AJ. Diverse manifestations and evolving treatments of autoimmune hepatitis. Minerva Gastroenterol Dietol 2005; 51(4):313-333
    • (2005) Minerva Gastroenterol Dietol , vol.51 , Issue.4 , pp. 313-333
    • Czaja, A.J.1
  • 2
    • 0036322130 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • American Association for the Study of Liver Disease. Diagnosis and treatment of autoimmune hepatitis
    • Czaja AJ, Freese DK; American Association for the Study of Liver Disease. Diagnosis and treatment of autoimmune hepatitis. Hepatology 2002;36(2):479-497
    • (2002) Hepatology , vol.36 , Issue.2 , pp. 479-497
    • Czaja, A.J.1    Freese, D.K.2
  • 3
    • 0032718310 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • International Autoimmune Hepatitis Group Report: Review of criteria for diagnosis of autoimmune hepatitis
    • Alvarez F, Berg PA, Bianchi FB, et al. International Autoimmune Hepatitis Group Report: review of criteria for diagnosis of autoimmune hepatitis. J Hepatol 1999;31(5): 929-938
    • (1999) J Hepatol , vol.31 , Issue.5 , pp. 929-938
    • Alvarez, F.1    Berg, P.A.2    Bianchi, F.B.3
  • 4
    • 47149112922 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simplified diagnostic criteria for the diagnosis of autoimmune hepatitis
    • Hennes EM, Zeniya M, Czaja AJ, et al. Simplified diagnostic criteria for the diagnosis of autoimmune hepatitis. Hepatology 2008;48:169-176
    • (2008) Hepatology , vol.48 , pp. 169-176
    • Hennes, E.M.1    Zeniya, M.2    Czaja, A.J.3
  • 5
    • 56149102474 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Performance parameters of the diagnostic scoring systems for autoimmune hepatitis
    • Czaja AJ. Performance parameters of the diagnostic scoring systems for autoimmune hepatitis. Hepatology 2008;48(5): 1540-1548
    • (2008) Hepatology , vol.48 , Issue.5 , pp. 1540-1548
    • Czaja, A.J.1
  • 7
    • 0024308061 scopus 로고
    • Autoimmune chronic active hepatitis masquerading as acute hepatitis
    • Amontree JS, Stuart TD, Bredfeldt JE. Autoimmune chronic active hepatitis masquerading as acute hepatitis. J Clin Gastroenterol 1989;11(3):303-307
    • (1989) J Clin Gastroenterol , vol.11 , Issue.3 , pp. 303-307
    • Amontree, J.S.1    Stuart, T.D.2    Bredfeldt, J.E.3
  • 8
    • 0028027857 scopus 로고
    • The nature and prognostic implications of autoimmune hepatitis with an acute presentation
    • Nikias GA, Batts KP, Czaja AJ. The nature and prognostic implications of autoimmune hepatitis with an acute presentation. J Hepatol 1994;21(5):866-871
    • (1994) J Hepatol , vol.21 , Issue.5 , pp. 866-871
    • Nikias, G.A.1    Batts, K.P.2    Czaja, A.J.3
  • 9
    • 0036791806 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute autoimmune hepatitis presenting with centrizonal liver disease: Case report and review of the literature
    • Singh R, Nair S, Farr G, Mason A, Perrillo R. Acute autoimmune hepatitis presenting with centrizonal liver disease: case report and review of the literature. Am J Gastroenterol 2002;97(10):2670-2673
    • (2002) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.97 , Issue.10 , pp. 2670-2673
    • Singh, R.1    Nair, S.2    Farr, G.3    Mason, A.4    Perrillo, R.5
  • 10
    • 0038748278 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinicopathological features of acute-onset autoimmune hepatitis
    • Okano N, Yamamoto K, Sakaguchi K, et al. Clinicopathological features of acute-onset autoimmune hepatitis. Hepatol Res 2003;25(3):263-270
    • (2003) Hepatol Res , vol.25 , Issue.3 , pp. 263-270
    • Okano, N.1    Yamamoto, K.2    Sakaguchi, K.3
  • 11
    • 21744435234 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute-onset autoimmune hepatitis resembling acute hepatitis: A case report and review of reported cases
    • Kanda T, Yokosuka O, Hirasawa Y, et al. Acute-onset autoimmune hepatitis resembling acute hepatitis: a case report and review of reported cases. Hepatogastroenterology 2005;52(64):1233-1235
    • (2005) Hepatogastroenterology , vol.52 , Issue.64 , pp. 1233-1235
    • Kanda, T.1    Yokosuka, O.2    Hirasawa, Y.3
  • 12
    • 0025095264 scopus 로고
    • Autoimmune hepatitis with initial presentation as acute hepatic failure in young children
    • Maggiore G, Porta G, Bernard O, et al. Autoimmune hepatitis with initial presentation as acute hepatic failure in young children. J Pediatr 1990;116(2):280-282
    • (1990) J Pediatr , vol.116 , Issue.2 , pp. 280-282
    • Maggiore, G.1    Porta, G.2    Bernard, O.3
  • 13
    • 0030845841 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Subfulminant hepatic failure in autoimmune hepatitis type 1: An unusual form of presentation
    • Herzog D, Rasquin-Weber AM, Debray D, Alvarez F. Subfulminant hepatic failure in autoimmune hepatitis type 1: an unusual form of presentation. J Hepatol 1997;27(3): 578-582
    • (1997) J Hepatol , vol.27 , Issue.3 , pp. 578-582
    • Herzog, D.1    Rasquin-Weber, A.M.2    Debray, D.3    Alvarez, F.4
  • 14
    • 0032151564 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Steroid therapy in fulminant hepatic failure secondary to autoimmune hepatitis
    • Viruet EJ, Torres EA. Steroid therapy in fulminant hepatic failure secondary to autoimmune hepatitis. P R Health Sci J 1998;17(3):297-300
    • (1998) P R Health Sci J , vol.17 , Issue.3 , pp. 297-300
    • Viruet, E.J.1    Torres, E.A.2
  • 16
    • 33645703754 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical characteristics of fulminant-type autoimmune hepatitis: An analysis of eleven cases
    • Miyake Y, Iwasaki Y, Terada R, et al. Clinical characteristics of fulminant-type autoimmune hepatitis: an analysis of eleven cases. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2006;23(9):1347-1353
    • (2006) Aliment Pharmacol Ther , vol.23 , Issue.9 , pp. 1347-1353
    • Miyake, Y.1    Iwasaki, Y.2    Terada, R.3
  • 17
    • 34547394251 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Usefulness of corticosteroids for the treatment of severe and fulminant forms of autoimmune hepatitis
    • Ichai P, Duclos-Vallée J-C, Guettier C, et al. Usefulness of corticosteroids for the treatment of severe and fulminant forms of autoimmune hepatitis. Liver Transpl 2007;13(7): 996-1003
    • (2007) Liver Transpl , vol.13 , Issue.7 , pp. 996-1003
    • Ichai, P.1    Duclos-Vallée, J.-C.2    Guettier, C.3
  • 18
    • 0036083869 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prognosis of symptomatic versus asymptomatic autoimmune hepatitis: A study of 68 patients
    • Kogan J, Safadi R, Ashur Y, Shouval D, Ilan Y. Prognosis of symptomatic versus asymptomatic autoimmune hepatitis: a study of 68 patients. J Clin Gastroenterol 2002;35(1):75-81
    • (2002) J Clin Gastroenterol , vol.35 , Issue.1 , pp. 75-81
    • Kogan, J.1    Safadi, R.2    Ashur, Y.3    Shouval, D.4    Ilan, Y.5
  • 19
  • 20
    • 59649086033 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Features and consequences of untreated type 1 autoimmune hepatitis
    • Czaja AJ. Features and consequences of untreated type 1 autoimmune hepatitis. Liver Int 2009;29(6):816-823
    • (2009) Liver Int , vol.29 , Issue.6 , pp. 816-823
    • Czaja, A.J.1
  • 21
    • 39749118629 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Frequency of concurrent autoimmune disorders in patients with autoimmune hepatitis: Effect of age, gender, and genetic background
    • Bittencourt PL, Farias AQ, Porta G, et al. Frequency of concurrent autoimmune disorders in patients with autoimmune hepatitis: effect of age, gender, and genetic background. J Clin Gastroenterol 2008;42(3):300-305
    • (2008) J Clin Gastroenterol , vol.42 , Issue.3 , pp. 300-305
    • Bittencourt, P.L.1    Farias, A.Q.2    Porta, G.3
  • 22
    • 0033034609 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Behavior and significance of autoantibodies in type 1 autoimmune hepatitis
    • Czaja AJ. Behavior and significance of autoantibodies in type 1 autoimmune hepatitis. J Hepatol 1999;30(3):394-401
    • (1999) J Hepatol , vol.30 , Issue.3 , pp. 394-401
    • Czaja, A.J.1
  • 23
    • 0025061012 scopus 로고
    • Clinical features and prognostic implications of severe corticosteroid-treated cryptogenic chronic active hepatitis
    • Czaja AJ, Hay JE, Rakela J. Clinical features and prognostic implications of severe corticosteroid-treated cryptogenic chronic active hepatitis. Mayo Clin Proc 1990; 65(1):23-30
    • (1990) Mayo Clin Proc , vol.65 , Issue.1 , pp. 23-30
    • Czaja, A.J.1    Hay, J.E.2    Rakela, J.3
  • 25
    • 0036070963 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Establishment of standardised SLA/LP immunoassays: Specificity for autoimmune hepatitis, worldwide occurrence, and clinical characteristics
    • Baeres M, Herkel J, Czaja AJ, et al. Establishment of standardised SLA/LP immunoassays: specificity for autoimmune hepatitis, worldwide occurrence, and clinical characteristics. Gut 2002;51(2):259-264
    • (2002) Gut , vol.51 , Issue.2 , pp. 259-264
    • Baeres, M.1    Herkel, J.2    Czaja, A.J.3
  • 26
    • 34547839690 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Corticosteroid-responsive cryptogenic chronic hepatitis: Evidence for seronegative autoimmune hepatitis
    • Gassert DJ, Garcia H, Tanaka K, Reinus JF. Corticosteroid-responsive cryptogenic chronic hepatitis: evidence for seronegative autoimmune hepatitis. Dig Dis Sci 2007; 52(9):2433-2437
    • (2007) Dig Dis Sci , vol.52 , Issue.9 , pp. 2433-2437
    • Gassert, D.J.1    Garcia, H.2    Tanaka, K.3    Reinus, J.F.4
  • 27
    • 0030795419 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A novel histological lesion in glucocorticoid-responsive chronic hepatitis
    • Pratt DS, Fawaz KA, Rabson A, Dellelis R, Kaplan MM. A novel histological lesion in glucocorticoid-responsive chronic hepatitis. Gastroenterology 1997;113(2):664-668
    • (1997) Gastroenterology , vol.113 , Issue.2 , pp. 664-668
    • Pratt, D.S.1    Fawaz, K.A.2    Rabson, A.3    Dellelis, R.4    Kaplan, M.M.5
  • 28
    • 1842477637 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autoimmune hepatitis with centrilobular necrosis
    • Misdraji J, Thiim M, Graeme-Cook FM. Autoimmune hepatitis with centrilobular necrosis. Am J Surg Pathol 2004;28(4):471-478
    • (2004) Am J Surg Pathol , vol.28 , Issue.4 , pp. 471-478
    • Misdraji, J.1    Thiim, M.2    Graeme-Cook, F.M.3
  • 29
    • 33644763312 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Centrilobular necrosis in autoimmune hepatitis: A histological feature associated with acute clinical presentation
    • Hofer H, Oesterreicher C, Wrba F, Ferenci P, Penner E. Centrilobular necrosis in autoimmune hepatitis: a histological feature associated with acute clinical presentation. J Clin Pathol 2006;59(3):246-249
    • (2006) J Clin Pathol , vol.59 , Issue.3 , pp. 246-249
    • Hofer, H.1    Oesterreicher, C.2    Wrba, F.3    Ferenci, P.4    Penner, E.5
  • 30
    • 34548165103 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical features of Japanese type 1 autoimmune hepatitis patients with zone III necrosis
    • Miyake Y, Iwasaki Y, Terada R, et al. Clinical features of Japanese type 1 autoimmune hepatitis patients with zone III necrosis. Hepatol Res 2007;37(10):801-805
    • (2007) Hepatol Res , vol.37 , Issue.10 , pp. 801-805
    • Miyake, Y.1    Iwasaki, Y.2    Terada, R.3
  • 31
    • 35348813082 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hepatic centrilobular zonal necrosis with positive antinuclear antibody: A unique subtype or early disease of autoimmune hepatitis?
    • Zen Y, Notsumata K, Tanaka N, Nakanuma Y. Hepatic centrilobular zonal necrosis with positive antinuclear antibody: a unique subtype or early disease of autoimmune hepatitis? Hum Pathol 2007;38(11):1669-1675
    • (2007) Hum Pathol , vol.38 , Issue.11 , pp. 1669-1675
    • Zen, Y.1    Notsumata, K.2    Tanaka, N.3    Nakanuma, Y.4
  • 32
    • 47649108161 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of clinical features and liver histology in acute and chronic autoimmune hepatitis
    • Iwai M, Jo M, Ishii M, Mori T, Harada Y. Comparison of clinical features and liver histology in acute and chronic autoimmune hepatitis. Hepatol Res 2008;38(8):784-789
    • (2008) Hepatol Res , vol.38 , Issue.8 , pp. 784-789
    • Iwai, M.1    Jo, M.2    Ishii, M.3    Mori, T.4    Harada, Y.5
  • 33
    • 0027229210 scopus 로고
    • Autoimmune cholangiopathy: Part of the spectrum of autoimmune chronic active hepatitis
    • Ben-Ari Z, Dhillon AP, Sherlock S. Autoimmune cholangiopathy: part of the spectrum of autoimmune chronic active hepatitis. Hepatology 1993;18(1):10-15
    • (1993) Hepatology , vol.18 , Issue.1 , pp. 10-15
    • Ben-Ari, Z.1    Dhillon, A.P.2    Sherlock, S.3
  • 34
    • 0034034595 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autoimmune cholangitis within the spectrum of autoimmune liver disease
    • Czaja AJ, Carpenter HA, Santrach PJ, Moore SB. Autoimmune cholangitis within the spectrum of autoimmune liver disease. Hepatology 2000;31(6):1231-1238
    • (2000) Hepatology , vol.31 , Issue.6 , pp. 1231-1238
    • Czaja, A.J.1    Carpenter, H.A.2    Santrach, P.J.3    Moore, S.B.4
  • 35
    • 0034807020 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autoimmune hepatitis with incidental histologic features of bile duct injury
    • Czaja AJ, Carpenter HA. Autoimmune hepatitis with incidental histologic features of bile duct injury. Hepatology 2001;34(4 Pt 1):659-665
    • (2001) Hepatology , vol.34 , Issue.4 PART 1 , pp. 659-665
    • Czaja, A.J.1    Carpenter, H.A.2
  • 36
    • 4444319614 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diagnostic and therapeutic implications of bile duct injury in autoimmune hepatitis
    • Czaja AJ, Muratori P, Muratori L, Carpenter HA, Bianchi FB. Diagnostic and therapeutic implications of bile duct injury in autoimmune hepatitis. Liver Int 2004;24(4):322-329
    • (2004) Liver Int , vol.24 , Issue.4 , pp. 322-329
    • Czaja, A.J.1    Muratori, P.2    Muratori, L.3    Carpenter, H.A.4    Bianchi, F.B.5
  • 37
    • 0035666895 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autoimmune hepatitis in African Americans: Presenting features and response to therapy
    • Lim KN, Casanova RL, Boyer TD, Bruno CJ. Autoimmune hepatitis in African Americans: presenting features and response to therapy. Am J Gastroenterol 2001;96(12):3390-3394
    • (2001) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.96 , Issue.12 , pp. 3390-3394
    • Lim, K.N.1    Casanova, R.L.2    Boyer, T.D.3    Bruno, C.J.4
  • 38
    • 37749002935 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of ethnicity on the natural history of autoimmune hepatitis
    • Verma S, Torbenson M, Thuluvath PJ. The impact of ethnicity on the natural history of autoimmune hepatitis. Hepatology 2007;46(6):1828-1835
    • (2007) Hepatology , vol.46 , Issue.6 , pp. 1828-1835
    • Verma, S.1    Torbenson, M.2    Thuluvath, P.J.3
  • 39
    • 50649092909 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk factors for chronic liver disease in Blacks, Mexican Americans, and Whites in the United States: Results from NHANES IV, 1999-2004
    • Flores YN, Yee HF Jr, Leng M, et al. Risk factors for chronic liver disease in Blacks, Mexican Americans, and Whites in the United States: results from NHANES IV, 1999-2004. Am J Gastroenterol 2008;103(9):2231-2238
    • (2008) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.103 , Issue.9 , pp. 2231-2238
    • Flores, Y.N.1    Yee Jr, H.F.2    Leng, M.3
  • 40
    • 40949163838 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Racial disparity in liver disease: Biological, cultural, or socioeconomic factors
    • Nguyen GC, Thuluvath PJ. Racial disparity in liver disease: biological, cultural, or socioeconomic factors. Hepatology 2008;47(3):1058-1066
    • (2008) Hepatology , vol.47 , Issue.3 , pp. 1058-1066
    • Nguyen, G.C.1    Thuluvath, P.J.2
  • 41
    • 41149179971 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic factors affecting the occurrence, clinical phenotype, and outcome of autoimmune hepatitis
    • Czaja AJ. Genetic factors affecting the occurrence, clinical phenotype, and outcome of autoimmune hepatitis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2008;6(4):379-388
    • (2008) Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol , vol.6 , Issue.4 , pp. 379-388
    • Czaja, A.J.1
  • 42
    • 37849039555 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Racial disparities in utilization of liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma in the United States, 1998-2002
    • Siegel AB, McBride RB, El-Serag HB, et al. Racial disparities in utilization of liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma in the United States, 1998-2002. Am J Gastroenterol 2008;103(1):120-127
    • (2008) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.103 , Issue.1 , pp. 120-127
    • Siegel, A.B.1    McBride, R.B.2    El-Serag, H.B.3
  • 43
    • 0036677350 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gender effects and synergisms with histocompatibility leukocyte antigens in type 1 autoimmune hepatitis
    • Czaja AJ, Donaldson PT. Gender effects and synergisms with histocompatibility leukocyte antigens in type 1 autoimmune hepatitis. Am J Gastroenterol 2002;97(8):2051-2057
    • (2002) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.97 , Issue.8 , pp. 2051-2057
    • Czaja, A.J.1    Donaldson, P.T.2
  • 44
    • 36549012730 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of gender on the long-term outcome and survival of patients with autoimmune hepatitis
    • Al-Chalabi T, Underhill JA, Portmann BC, McFarlane IG, Heneghan MA. Impact of gender on the long-term outcome and survival of patients with autoimmune hepatitis. J Hepatol 2008;48(1):140-147
    • (2008) J Hepatol , vol.48 , Issue.1 , pp. 140-147
    • Al-Chalabi, T.1    Underhill, J.A.2    Portmann, B.C.3    McFarlane, I.G.4    Heneghan, M.A.5
  • 45
    • 0021998561 scopus 로고
    • Autoimmune chronic active hepatitis in postmenopausal women
    • Lebovics E, Schaffner F, Klion FM, Simon C. Autoimmune chronic active hepatitis in postmenopausal women. Dig Dis Sci 1985;30(9):824-828
    • (1985) Dig Dis Sci , vol.30 , Issue.9 , pp. 824-828
    • Lebovics, E.1    Schaffner, F.2    Klion, F.M.3    Simon, C.4
  • 46
    • 0024441373 scopus 로고
    • Prognosis of corticosteroid-treated hepatitis B surface antigen-negative chronic active hepatitis in postmenopausal women: A retrospective analysis
    • Wang KK, Czaja AJ. Prognosis of corticosteroid-treated hepatitis B surface antigen-negative chronic active hepatitis in postmenopausal women: a retrospective analysis. Gastroenterology 1989;97(5):1288-1293
    • (1989) Gastroenterology , vol.97 , Issue.5 , pp. 1288-1293
    • Wang, K.K.1    Czaja, A.J.2
  • 48
    • 19544363249 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical features of type 1 autoimmune hepatitis in elderly Italian patients
    • Granito A, Muratori L, Pappas G, et al. Clinical features of type 1 autoimmune hepatitis in elderly Italian patients. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2005;21(10):1273-1277
    • (2005) Aliment Pharmacol Ther , vol.21 , Issue.10 , pp. 1273-1277
    • Granito, A.1    Muratori, L.2    Pappas, G.3
  • 50
    • 33748116726 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) in the elderly: A systematic retrospective analysis of a large group of consecutive patients with definite AIH followed at a tertiary referral centre
    • Al-Chalabi T, Boccato S, Portmann BC, McFarlane IG, Heneghan MA. Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) in the elderly: a systematic retrospective analysis of a large group of consecutive patients with definite AIH followed at a tertiary referral centre. J Hepatol 2006;45(4):575-583
    • (2006) J Hepatol , vol.45 , Issue.4 , pp. 575-583
    • Al-Chalabi, T.1    Boccato, S.2    Portmann, B.C.3    McFarlane, I.G.4    Heneghan, M.A.5
  • 51
    • 33645219865 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distinctive clinical phenotype and treatment outcome of type 1 autoimmune hepatitis in the elderly
    • Czaja AJ, Carpenter HA. Distinctive clinical phenotype and treatment outcome of type 1 autoimmune hepatitis in the elderly. Hepatology 2006;43(3):532-538
    • (2006) Hepatology , vol.43 , Issue.3 , pp. 532-538
    • Czaja, A.J.1    Carpenter, H.A.2
  • 52
    • 33749237155 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical characteristics of autoimmune hepatitis in older aged patients
    • Miyake T, Miyaoka H, Abe M, et al. Clinical characteristics of autoimmune hepatitis in older aged patients. Hepatol Res 2006;36(2):139-142
    • (2006) Hepatol Res , vol.36 , Issue.2 , pp. 139-142
    • Miyake, T.1    Miyaoka, H.2    Abe, M.3
  • 53
    • 40549100025 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical features, differential diagnosis and treatment of autoimmune hepatitis in the elderly
    • Czaja AJ. Clinical features, differential diagnosis and treatment of autoimmune hepatitis in the elderly. Drugs Aging 2008;25(3):219-239
    • (2008) Drugs Aging , vol.25 , Issue.3 , pp. 219-239
    • Czaja, A.J.1
  • 55
    • 0018692258 scopus 로고
    • Pregnancy in chronic active hepatitis
    • Steven MM, Buckley JD, Mackay IR. Pregnancy in chronic active hepatitis. Q J Med 1979;48(192):519-531
    • (1979) Q J Med , vol.48 , Issue.192 , pp. 519-531
    • Steven, M.M.1    Buckley, J.D.2    Mackay, I.R.3
  • 57
    • 0036894958 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improvement of autoimmune hepatitis during pregnancy followed by flare-up after delivery
    • Buchel E, Van Steenbergen W, Nevens F, Fevery J. Improvement of autoimmune hepatitis during pregnancy followed by flare-up after delivery. Am J Gastroenterol 2002;97(12):3160-3165
    • (2002) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.97 , Issue.12 , pp. 3160-3165
    • Buchel, E.1    Van Steenbergen, W.2    Nevens, F.3    Fevery, J.4
  • 58
    • 23444432879 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autoimmune hepatitis and pregnancy: A rheumatologist's dilemma
    • Candia L, Marquez J, Espinoza LR. Autoimmune hepatitis and pregnancy: a rheumatologist's dilemma. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2005;35(1):49-56
    • (2005) Semin Arthritis Rheum , vol.35 , Issue.1 , pp. 49-56
    • Candia, L.1    Marquez, J.2    Espinoza, L.R.3
  • 61
    • 34447125753 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autoimmune hepatitis among fertile women: Strategies during pregnancy and breastfeeding?
    • Werner M, Björnsson E, Prytz H, et al. Autoimmune hepatitis among fertile women: strategies during pregnancy and breastfeeding? Scand J Gastroenterol 2007;42(8):986-991
    • (2007) Scand J Gastroenterol , vol.42 , Issue.8 , pp. 986-991
    • Werner, M.1    Björnsson, E.2    Prytz, H.3
  • 62
    • 44949148177 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety issues in the management of autoimmune hepatitis
    • Czaja AJ. Safety issues in the management of autoimmune hepatitis. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2008;7(3):319-333
    • (2008) Expert Opin Drug Saf , vol.7 , Issue.3 , pp. 319-333
    • Czaja, A.J.1
  • 63
    • 0035053568 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Understanding the pathogenesis of autoimmune hepatitis
    • Czaja AJ. Understanding the pathogenesis of autoimmune hepatitis. Am J Gastroenterol 2001;96(4):1224-1231
    • (2001) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.96 , Issue.4 , pp. 1224-1231
    • Czaja, A.J.1
  • 65
    • 33644528470 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autoimmune hepatitis, from mechanisms to therapy
    • Manns MP, Vogel A. Autoimmune hepatitis, from mechanisms to therapy. Hepatology 2006;43(2, Suppl 1): S132-S144
    • (2006) Hepatology , vol.43 , Issue.2 and SUPPL. 1
    • Manns, M.P.1    Vogel, A.2
  • 66
    • 33847057731 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pathogenesis of autoimmune hepatitis: From break of tolerance to immune-mediated hepatocyte apoptosis
    • Lapierre P, Béland K, Alvarez F. Pathogenesis of autoimmune hepatitis: from break of tolerance to immune-mediated hepatocyte apoptosis. Transl Res 2007;149(3): 107-113
    • (2007) Transl Res , vol.149 , Issue.3 , pp. 107-113
    • Lapierre, P.1    Béland, K.2    Alvarez, F.3
  • 67
    • 41149153531 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autoimmune hepatitis. Part A: Pathogenesis. Expert Rev
    • Czaja AJ. Autoimmune hepatitis. Part A: pathogenesis. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2007;1(1):113-128
    • (2007) Gastroenterol Hepatol , vol.1 , Issue.1 , pp. 113-128
    • Czaja, A.J.1
  • 68
    • 54349127866 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aetiopathogenesis of autoimmune hepatitis
    • Vergani D, Mieli-Vergani G. Aetiopathogenesis of autoimmune hepatitis. World J Gastroenterol 2008;14(21): 3306-3312
    • (2008) World J Gastroenterol , vol.14 , Issue.21 , pp. 3306-3312
    • Vergani, D.1    Mieli-Vergani, G.2
  • 69
    • 59649096264 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Progress in the diagnosis and treatment of autoimmune hepatitis
    • Czaja AJ. Progress in the diagnosis and treatment of autoimmune hepatitis. Minerva Med 2008;99(6):549-568
    • (2008) Minerva Med , vol.99 , Issue.6 , pp. 549-568
    • Czaja, A.J.1
  • 70
    • 19944429145 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment challenges and investigational opportunities in autoimmune hepatitis
    • Czaja AJ, Bianchi FB, Carpenter HA, et al. Treatment challenges and investigational opportunities in autoimmune hepatitis. Hepatology 2005;41(1):207-215
    • (2005) Hepatology , vol.41 , Issue.1 , pp. 207-215
    • Czaja, A.J.1    Bianchi, F.B.2    Carpenter, H.A.3
  • 72
    • 0030933077 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Type 1 autoimmune hepatitis is primarily a disease of later life
    • Parker DR, Kingham JG. Type 1 autoimmune hepatitis is primarily a disease of later life. QJM 1997;90:289-296
    • (1997) QJM , vol.90 , pp. 289-296
    • Parker, D.R.1    Kingham, J.G.2
  • 73
    • 0029057518 scopus 로고
    • Recent-onset autoimmune hepatitis. Biopsy findings and clinical correlations
    • Burgart LJ, Batts KP, Ludwig J, Nikias GA, Czaja AJ. Recent-onset autoimmune hepatitis. Biopsy findings and clinical correlations. Am J Surg Pathol 1995;19(6):699-708
    • (1995) Am J Surg Pathol , vol.19 , Issue.6 , pp. 699-708
    • Burgart, L.J.1    Batts, K.P.2    Ludwig, J.3    Nikias, G.A.4    Czaja, A.J.5
  • 74
    • 33845373147 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autoimmune liver disease and rheumatic manifestations
    • Czaja AJ. Autoimmune liver disease and rheumatic manifestations. Curr Opin Rheumatol 2007;19(1):74-80
    • (2007) Curr Opin Rheumatol , vol.19 , Issue.1 , pp. 74-80
    • Czaja, A.J.1
  • 76
    • 0031735841 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Frequency and significance of anti-gliadin and anti-endomysial antibodies in autoimmune hepatitis
    • Volta U, De Franceschi L, Molinaro N, et al. Frequency and significance of anti-gliadin and anti-endomysial antibodies in autoimmune hepatitis. Dig Dis Sci 1998;43(10):2190-2195
    • (1998) Dig Dis Sci , vol.43 , Issue.10 , pp. 2190-2195
    • Volta, U.1    De Franceschi, L.2    Molinaro, N.3
  • 77
    • 0036207495 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Celiac disease in patients with severe liver disease: Gluten-free diet may reverse hepatic failure
    • Kaukinen K, Halme L, Collin P, et al. Celiac disease in patients with severe liver disease: gluten-free diet may reverse hepatic failure. Gastroenterology 2002;122(4):881-888
    • (2002) Gastroenterology , vol.122 , Issue.4 , pp. 881-888
    • Kaukinen, K.1    Halme, L.2    Collin, P.3
  • 80
    • 26444609657 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is coeliac disease a potentially treatable cause of liver failure?
    • Stevens FM, McLoughlin RM. Is coeliac disease a potentially treatable cause of liver failure? Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2005;17(10):1015-1017
    • (2005) Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol , vol.17 , Issue.10 , pp. 1015-1017
    • Stevens, F.M.1    McLoughlin, R.M.2
  • 81
    • 45849116935 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • SIGENP Study Group for Autoimmune Liver Disorders in Celiac Disease. Autoimmune liver disease associated with celiac disease in childhood: A multicenter study
    • Caprai S, Vajro P, Ventura A, Sciveres M, Maggiore G; SIGENP Study Group for Autoimmune Liver Disorders in Celiac Disease. Autoimmune liver disease associated with celiac disease in childhood: a multicenter study. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2008;6(7):803-806
    • (2008) Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol , vol.6 , Issue.7 , pp. 803-806
    • Caprai, S.1    Vajro, P.2    Ventura, A.3    Sciveres, M.4    Maggiore, G.5
  • 82
    • 45849139002 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Groupe D'Etude et de Recherche Sur la Maladie Coeliaque. Incidence of autoimmune diseases in celiac disease: Protective effect of the gluten-free diet
    • Cosnes J, Cellier C, Viola S, et al; Groupe D'Etude et de Recherche Sur la Maladie Coeliaque. Incidence of autoimmune diseases in celiac disease: protective effect of the gluten-free diet. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2008;6(7):753-758
    • (2008) Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol , vol.6 , Issue.7 , pp. 753-758
    • Cosnes, J.1    Cellier, C.2    Viola, S.3
  • 84
    • 1642535551 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hepatic manifestations of autoimmune rheumatic diseases
    • Abraham S, Begum S, Isenberg D. Hepatic manifestations of autoimmune rheumatic diseases. Ann Rheum Dis 2004; 63:123-129
    • (2004) Ann Rheum Dis , vol.63 , pp. 123-129
    • Abraham, S.1    Begum, S.2    Isenberg, D.3
  • 85
    • 0026645855 scopus 로고
    • Frequency and significance of antibodies to liver/kidney microsome type 1 in adults with chronic active hepatitis
    • Czaja AJ, Manns MP, Homburger HA. Frequency and significance of antibodies to liver/kidney microsome type 1 in adults with chronic active hepatitis. Gastroenterology 1992;103(4):1290-1295
    • (1992) Gastroenterology , vol.103 , Issue.4 , pp. 1290-1295
    • Czaja, A.J.1    Manns, M.P.2    Homburger, H.A.3
  • 86
    • 0023555290 scopus 로고
    • Chronic active hepatitis associated with antiliver/kidney microsome antibody type 1: A second type of "autoimmune" hepatitis
    • Homberg J-C, Abuaf N, Bernard O, et al. Chronic active hepatitis associated with antiliver/kidney microsome antibody type 1: a second type of "autoimmune" hepatitis. Hepatology 1987;7(6):1333-1339
    • (1987) Hepatology , vol.7 , Issue.6 , pp. 1333-1339
    • Homberg, J.-C.1    Abuaf, N.2    Bernard, O.3
  • 88
    • 0032978099 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic heterogeneity in susceptibility to autoimmune hepatitis types 1 and 2
    • Bittencourt PL, Goldberg AC, Cançado ELR, et al. Genetic heterogeneity in susceptibility to autoimmune hepatitis types 1 and 2. Am J Gastroenterol 1999;94(7): 1906-1913
    • (1999) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.94 , Issue.7 , pp. 1906-1913
    • Bittencourt, P.L.1    Goldberg, A.C.2    Cançado, E.L.R.3
  • 89
    • 33644852500 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polyclonal T-cell responses to cytochrome P450IID6 are associated with disease activity in autoimmune hepatitis type 2
    • Ma Y, Bogdanos DP, Hussain MJ, et al. Polyclonal T-cell responses to cytochrome P450IID6 are associated with disease activity in autoimmune hepatitis type 2. Gastroenterology 2006;130(3):868-882
    • (2006) Gastroenterology , vol.130 , Issue.3 , pp. 868-882
    • Ma, Y.1    Bogdanos, D.P.2    Hussain, M.J.3
  • 90
    • 33846290356 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence of a genetic basis for the different geographic occurrences of liver/kidney microsomal antibody type 1 in hepatitis C
    • Muratori P, Czaja AJ, Muratori L, et al. Evidence of a genetic basis for the different geographic occurrences of liver/kidney microsomal antibody type 1 in hepatitis C. Dig Dis Sci 2007;52(1):179-184
    • (2007) Dig Dis Sci , vol.52 , Issue.1 , pp. 179-184
    • Muratori, P.1    Czaja, A.J.2    Muratori, L.3
  • 91
  • 92
    • 33646779116 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical and HLA phenotypes of type 1 autoimmune hepatitis in North American patients outside DR3 and DR4
    • Czaja AJ, Carpenter HA, Moore SB. Clinical and HLA phenotypes of type 1 autoimmune hepatitis in North American patients outside DR3 and DR4. Liver Int 2006; 26(5):552-558
    • (2006) Liver Int , vol.26 , Issue.5 , pp. 552-558
    • Czaja, A.J.1    Carpenter, H.A.2    Moore, S.B.3
  • 93
    • 0141678206 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autoantibodies in the diagnosis and management of liver disease
    • Czaja AJ, Norman GL. Autoantibodies in the diagnosis and management of liver disease. J Clin Gastroenterol 2003; 37(4):315-329
    • (2003) J Clin Gastroenterol , vol.37 , Issue.4 , pp. 315-329
    • Czaja, A.J.1    Norman, G.L.2
  • 94
    • 0036695065 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment strategies in autoimmune hepatitis
    • Czaja AJ. Treatment strategies in autoimmune hepatitis. Clin Liver Dis 2002;6(3):799-824
    • (2002) Clin Liver Dis , vol.6 , Issue.3 , pp. 799-824
    • Czaja, A.J.1
  • 95
    • 0036851260 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of autoimmune hepatitis
    • Czaja AJ. Treatment of autoimmune hepatitis. Semin Liver Dis 2002;22(4):365-378
    • (2002) Semin Liver Dis , vol.22 , Issue.4 , pp. 365-378
    • Czaja, A.J.1
  • 97
    • 34250832713 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolving concepts in the diagnosis, pathogenesis and treatment of autoimmune hepatitis
    • Czaja AJ. Evolving concepts in the diagnosis, pathogenesis and treatment of autoimmune hepatitis. Minerva Gastroenterol Dietol 2007;53(1):43-78
    • (2007) Minerva Gastroenterol Dietol , vol.53 , Issue.1 , pp. 43-78
    • Czaja, A.J.1
  • 98
    • 43549092831 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diagnosis and treatment of autoimmune hepatitis
    • vii-viii
    • Luxon BA. Diagnosis and treatment of autoimmune hepatitis. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 2008;37(2):461-478, vii-viii
    • (2008) Gastroenterol Clin North Am , vol.37 , Issue.2 , pp. 461-478
    • Luxon, B.A.1
  • 99
    • 42049107493 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of patients with severe autoimmune hepatitis
    • Larsen FS. Treatment of patients with severe autoimmune hepatitis. Minerva Gastroenterol Dietol 2008;54(1):57-63
    • (2008) Minerva Gastroenterol Dietol , vol.54 , Issue.1 , pp. 57-63
    • Larsen, F.S.1
  • 100
    • 36348985084 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bone disorders in chronic liver disease
    • Collier J. Bone disorders in chronic liver disease. Hepatology 2007;46(4):1271-1278
    • (2007) Hepatology , vol.46 , Issue.4 , pp. 1271-1278
    • Collier, J.1
  • 101
    • 0023748255 scopus 로고
    • Maintenance of remission in autoimmune chronic active hepatitis with azathioprine after corticosteroid withdrawal
    • Stellon AJ, Keating JJ, Johnson PJ, McFarlane IG, Williams R. Maintenance of remission in autoimmune chronic active hepatitis with azathioprine after corticosteroid withdrawal. Hepatology 1988;8(4):781-784
    • (1988) Hepatology , vol.8 , Issue.4 , pp. 781-784
    • Stellon, A.J.1    Keating, J.J.2    Johnson, P.J.3    McFarlane, I.G.4    Williams, R.5
  • 102
    • 0029130857 scopus 로고
    • Azathioprine for long-term maintenance of remission in autoimmune hepatitis
    • Johnson PJ, McFarlane IG, Williams R. Azathioprine for long-term maintenance of remission in autoimmune hepatitis. N Engl J Med 1995;333(15):958-963
    • (1995) N Engl J Med , vol.333 , Issue.15 , pp. 958-963
    • Johnson, P.J.1    McFarlane, I.G.2    Williams, R.3
  • 103
    • 37849030761 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incidence of HAV and HBV infections and vaccination rates in patients with autoimmune liver diseases
    • Wörns MA, Teufel A, Kanzler S, et al. Incidence of HAV and HBV infections and vaccination rates in patients with autoimmune liver diseases. Am J Gastroenterol 2008;103(1): 138-146
    • (2008) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.103 , Issue.1 , pp. 138-146
    • Wörns, M.A.1    Teufel, A.2    Kanzler, S.3
  • 104
    • 35448967383 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Liver transplantation in patients over 60 and 65 years: An evaluation of long-term outcomes and survival
    • Cross TJS, Antoniades CG, Muiesan P, et al. Liver transplantation in patients over 60 and 65 years: an evaluation of long-term outcomes and survival. Liver Transpl 2007;13(10):1382-1388
    • (2007) Liver Transpl , vol.13 , Issue.10 , pp. 1382-1388
    • Cross, T.J.S.1    Antoniades, C.G.2    Muiesan, P.3
  • 105
    • 0023791399 scopus 로고
    • Age-related changes in human lymphocyte subsets: Progressive reduction of the CD4 CD45R (suppressor inducer) population
    • De Paoli P, Battistin S, Santini GF. Age-related changes in human lymphocyte subsets: progressive reduction of the CD4 CD45R (suppressor inducer) population. Clin Immunol Immunopathol 1988;48(3):290-296
    • (1988) Clin Immunol Immunopathol , vol.48 , Issue.3 , pp. 290-296
    • De Paoli, P.1    Battistin, S.2    Santini, G.F.3
  • 106
    • 0026451666 scopus 로고
    • Altered major histocompatibility complex-restricted antigen recognition by T cells from elderly humans
    • Schwab R, Russo C, Weksler ME. Altered major histocompatibility complex-restricted antigen recognition by T cells from elderly humans. Eur J Immunol 1992;22(11): 2989-2993
    • (1992) Eur J Immunol , vol.22 , Issue.11 , pp. 2989-2993
    • Schwab, R.1    Russo, C.2    Weksler, M.E.3
  • 108
    • 0025730060 scopus 로고
    • Hypothesis: The aging paradox and autoimmune disease
    • Talor E, Rose NR. Hypothesis: the aging paradox and autoimmune disease. Autoimmunity 1991;8(3):245-249
    • (1991) Autoimmunity , vol.8 , Issue.3 , pp. 245-249
    • Talor, E.1    Rose, N.R.2
  • 109
    • 0026951713 scopus 로고
    • Immunosenescence
    • Currie MS. Immunosenescence. Compr Ther 1992;18(11): 26-34
    • (1992) Compr Ther , vol.18 , Issue.11 , pp. 26-34
    • Currie, M.S.1
  • 110
    • 0026497207 scopus 로고
    • Immune senescence: Mechanisms and clinical implications
    • Ben-Yehuda A, Weksler ME. Immune senescence: mechanisms and clinical implications. Cancer Invest 1992;10(6): 525-531
    • (1992) Cancer Invest , vol.10 , Issue.6 , pp. 525-531
    • Ben-Yehuda, A.1    Weksler, M.E.2
  • 111
    • 0014404849 scopus 로고
    • Reciprocal change with age in antibody to extrinsic and intrinsic antigens
    • Rowley MJ, Buchanan H, Mackay IR. Reciprocal change with age in antibody to extrinsic and intrinsic antigens. Lancet 1968;2:24-26
    • (1968) Lancet , vol.2 , pp. 24-26
    • Rowley, M.J.1    Buchanan, H.2    Mackay, I.R.3
  • 112
    • 0026480855 scopus 로고
    • Changes in circulating B cells and immunoglobulin classes and subclasses in a healthy aged population
    • Paganelli R, Quinti I, Fagiolo U, et al. Changes in circulating B cells and immunoglobulin classes and subclasses in a healthy aged population. Clin Exp Immunol 1992;90(2):351-354
    • (1992) Clin Exp Immunol , vol.90 , Issue.2 , pp. 351-354
    • Paganelli, R.1    Quinti, I.2    Fagiolo, U.3
  • 114
    • 0037136537 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of infections on susceptibility to autoimmune and allergic diseases
    • Bach J-F. The effect of infections on susceptibility to autoimmune and allergic diseases. N Engl J Med 2002; 347(12):911-920
    • (2002) N Engl J Med , vol.347 , Issue.12 , pp. 911-920
    • Bach, J.-F.1
  • 117
    • 0031941458 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incidence and prevalence of primary biliary cirrhosis, primary sclerosing cholangitis, and autoimmune hepatitis in a Norwegian population
    • Boberg KM, Aadland E, Jahnsen J, Raknerud N, Stiris M, Bell H. Incidence and prevalence of primary biliary cirrhosis, primary sclerosing cholangitis, and autoimmune hepatitis in a Norwegian population. Scand J Gastroenterol 1998;33(1): 99-103
    • (1998) Scand J Gastroenterol , vol.33 , Issue.1 , pp. 99-103
    • Boberg, K.M.1    Aadland, E.2    Jahnsen, J.3    Raknerud, N.4    Stiris, M.5    Bell, H.6
  • 118
    • 52149113541 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidemiology and the initial presentation of autoimmune hepatitis in Sweden: A nationwide study
    • Werner M, Prytz H, Ohlsson B, et al. Epidemiology and the initial presentation of autoimmune hepatitis in Sweden: a nationwide study. Scand J Gastroenterol 2008;43(10): 1232-1240
    • (2008) Scand J Gastroenterol , vol.43 , Issue.10 , pp. 1232-1240
    • Werner, M.1    Prytz, H.2    Ohlsson, B.3
  • 119
    • 0014585122 scopus 로고
    • Measurement of antibodyproducing capacity in man. I. The normal response to flagellin from Salmonella adelaide
    • Rowley MJ, Mackay IR. Measurement of antibodyproducing capacity in man. I. The normal response to flagellin from Salmonella adelaide. Clin Exp Immunol 1969; 5(4):407-418
    • (1969) Clin Exp Immunol , vol.5 , Issue.4 , pp. 407-418
    • Rowley, M.J.1    Mackay, I.R.2
  • 120
    • 0015432040 scopus 로고
    • Studies of the regulatory effects of the sex hormones on antibody formation and stem cell differentiation
    • Eidinger D, Garrett TJ. Studies of the regulatory effects of the sex hormones on antibody formation and stem cell differentiation. J Exp Med 1972;136(5):1098-1116
    • (1972) J Exp Med , vol.136 , Issue.5 , pp. 1098-1116
    • Eidinger, D.1    Garrett, T.J.2
  • 121
    • 0017331955 scopus 로고
    • Genetic control of immune responsiveness in man
    • Mackay IR, Wittingham S, Tait B. Genetic control of immune responsiveness in man. Vox Sang 1977;32(1):10-19
    • (1977) Vox Sang , vol.32 , Issue.1 , pp. 10-19
    • Mackay, I.R.1    Wittingham, S.2    Tait, B.3
  • 122
    • 0030007880 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The connective tissue diseases and the overall influence of gender
    • Lahita RG. The connective tissue diseases and the overall influence of gender. Int J Fertil Menopausal Stud 1996;41: 156-165
    • (1996) Int J Fertil Menopausal Stud , vol.41 , pp. 156-165
    • Lahita, R.G.1
  • 124
    • 1542575277 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autoimmunity and the female liver
    • McFarlane IG, Heneghan MA. Autoimmunity and the female liver. Hepatol Res 2004;28(4):171-176
    • (2004) Hepatol Res , vol.28 , Issue.4 , pp. 171-176
    • McFarlane, I.G.1    Heneghan, M.A.2
  • 125
    • 4243589874 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Demographics, treatment and a predictive model of survival in a population of chronic autoimmune hepatitis patients
    • Tong MJ, Hsieh J, Blatt LM. Demographics, treatment and a predictive model of survival in a population of chronic autoimmune hepatitis patients. Hepatology 1998; 28:549A
    • (1998) Hepatology , vol.28
    • Tong, M.J.1    Hsieh, J.2    Blatt, L.M.3
  • 126
    • 0002146594 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characteristics and outcome of a large male cohort with autoimmune hepatitis: Prognostic indicator of treatment response and outcome
    • Heneghan MA, Kosar Y, McDougall NI, Portmann B, McFarlane IG, Harrison PM. Characteristics and outcome of a large male cohort with autoimmune hepatitis: prognostic indicator of treatment response and outcome. Gastroenterology 2000;118:A1009
    • (2000) Gastroenterology , vol.118
    • Heneghan, M.A.1    Kosar, Y.2    McDougall, N.I.3    Portmann, B.4    McFarlane, I.G.5    Harrison, P.M.6
  • 128
    • 0031032711 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Associations between alleles of the major histocompatibility complex and type 1 autoimmune hepatitis
    • Czaja AJ, Strettell MDJ, Thomson LJ, et al. Associations between alleles of the major histocompatibility complex and type 1 autoimmune hepatitis. Hepatology 1997;25(2):317-323
    • (1997) Hepatology , vol.25 , Issue.2 , pp. 317-323
    • Czaja, A.J.1    Strettell, M.D.J.2    Thomson, L.J.3
  • 129
    • 0019791230 scopus 로고
    • Sex hormone regulation of in vitro immune response. Estradiol enhances human B cell maturation via inhibition of suppressor T cells in pokeweed mitogen-stimulated cultures
    • Paavonen T, Andersson LC, Adlercreutz H. Sex hormone regulation of in vitro immune response. Estradiol enhances human B cell maturation via inhibition of suppressor T cells in pokeweed mitogen-stimulated cultures. J Exp Med 1981;154(6):1935-1945
    • (1981) J Exp Med , vol.154 , Issue.6 , pp. 1935-1945
    • Paavonen, T.1    Andersson, L.C.2    Adlercreutz, H.3
  • 130
    • 0026001659 scopus 로고
    • Estrogen regulates the IFN-g promoter
    • Fox HS, Bond BL, Parslow TG. Estrogen regulates the IFN-g promoter. J Immunol 1991;146(12):4362-4367
    • (1991) J Immunol , vol.146 , Issue.12 , pp. 4362-4367
    • Fox, H.S.1    Bond, B.L.2    Parslow, T.G.3
  • 131
    • 0028809630 scopus 로고
    • Oestrogen influences CD4+T-lymphocyte activity in vivo and in vitro in b 2-microglobulin-deficient mice
    • Muller D, Chen M, Vikingsson A, Hildeman D, Pederson K. Oestrogen influences CD4+T-lymphocyte activity in vivo and in vitro in b 2-microglobulin-deficient mice. Immunology 1995;86(2):162-167
    • (1995) Immunology , vol.86 , Issue.2 , pp. 162-167
    • Muller, D.1    Chen, M.2    Vikingsson, A.3    Hildeman, D.4    Pederson, K.5
  • 132
    • 0031049137 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autoimmune hepatitis in childhood: A 20-year experience
    • Gregorio GV, Portmann B, Reid F, et al. Autoimmune hepatitis in childhood: a 20-year experience. Hepatology 1997;25(3):541-547
    • (1997) Hepatology , vol.25 , Issue.3 , pp. 541-547
    • Gregorio, G.V.1    Portmann, B.2    Reid, F.3
  • 133
    • 0027738473 scopus 로고
    • Prolactin and immunomodulation
    • Reber PM. Prolactin and immunomodulation. Am J Med 1993;95(6):637-644
    • (1993) Am J Med , vol.95 , Issue.6 , pp. 637-644
    • Reber, P.M.1
  • 134
    • 0028000483 scopus 로고
    • Hormonal regulation of immune responses
    • Paavonen T. Hormonal regulation of immune responses. Ann Med 1994;26(4):255-258
    • (1994) Ann Med , vol.26 , Issue.4 , pp. 255-258
    • Paavonen, T.1
  • 135
    • 0028954432 scopus 로고
    • Steroid sex hormones regulate the release of tumor necrosis factor by macrophages
    • Chao TC, Van Alten PJ, Greager JA, Walter RJ. Steroid sex hormones regulate the release of tumor necrosis factor by macrophages. Cell Immunol 1995;160(1):43-49
    • (1995) Cell Immunol , vol.160 , Issue.1 , pp. 43-49
    • Chao, T.C.1    Van Alten, P.J.2    Greager, J.A.3    Walter, R.J.4
  • 136
    • 0029036388 scopus 로고
    • Androgen regulation of intra-and extra-thymic T cells and its effect on sex differences in the immune system
    • Kimura M, Tomita Y, Watanabe H, Sato S, Abo T. Androgen regulation of intra-and extra-thymic T cells and its effect on sex differences in the immune system. Int J Androl 1995;18(3):127-136
    • (1995) Int J Androl , vol.18 , Issue.3 , pp. 127-136
    • Kimura, M.1    Tomita, Y.2    Watanabe, H.3    Sato, S.4    Abo, T.5
  • 137
    • 0032796001 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microchimerism: Implications for autoimmune disease
    • Nelson JL. Microchimerism: implications for autoimmune disease. Lupus 1999;8(5):370-374
    • (1999) Lupus , vol.8 , Issue.5 , pp. 370-374
    • Nelson, J.L.1
  • 138
    • 0034048159 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cutting edge: Persistent fetal microchimerism in T lymphocytes is associated with HLA-DQA1*0501: implications in autoimmunity
    • Lambert NC, Evans PC, Hashizumi TL, et al. Cutting edge: persistent fetal microchimerism in T lymphocytes is associated with HLA-DQA1*0501: implications in autoimmunity. J Immunol 2000;164(11):5545-5548
    • (2000) J Immunol , vol.164 , Issue.11 , pp. 5545-5548
    • Lambert, N.C.1    Evans, P.C.2    Hashizumi, T.L.3
  • 139
    • 0034067202 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fetal microchimerisms in the mother: Immunologic implications
    • Tanaka A, Lindor K, Ansari A, Gershwin ME. Fetal microchimerisms in the mother: immunologic implications. Liver Transpl 2000;6(2):138-143
    • (2000) Liver Transpl , vol.6 , Issue.2 , pp. 138-143
    • Tanaka, A.1    Lindor, K.2    Ansari, A.3    Gershwin, M.E.4
  • 140
    • 34548303660 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preferential X chromosome loss but random inactivation characterize primary biliary cirrhosis
    • Miozzo M, Selmi C, Gentilin B, et al. Preferential X chromosome loss but random inactivation characterize primary biliary cirrhosis. Hepatology 2007;46(2):456-462
    • (2007) Hepatology , vol.46 , Issue.2 , pp. 456-462
    • Miozzo, M.1    Selmi, C.2    Gentilin, B.3
  • 142
    • 0001035801 scopus 로고
    • Chronic liver disease in young people. Clinical features and course in thirty-three patients
    • Willocx RG, Isselbacher KJ. Chronic liver disease in young people. Clinical features and course in thirty-three patients. Am J Med 1961;30:185-195
    • (1961) Am J Med , vol.30 , pp. 185-195
    • Willocx, R.G.1    Isselbacher, K.J.2
  • 143
    • 0000374882 scopus 로고
    • Active "juvenile" cirrhosis considered as part of a systemic disease and the effect of corticosteroid therapy
    • Read AE, Sherlock S, Harrison CV. Active "juvenile" cirrhosis considered as part of a systemic disease and the effect of corticosteroid therapy. Gut 1963;4:378-393
    • (1963) Gut , vol.4 , pp. 378-393
    • Read, A.E.1    Sherlock, S.2    Harrison, C.V.3
  • 145
    • 34447125753 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autoimmune hepatitis among fertile women: Strategies during pregnancy and breastfeeding?
    • Werner M, Björnsson E, Prytz H, et al. Autoimmune hepatitis among fertile women: strategies during pregnancy and breastfeeding? Scand J Gastroenterol 2007;42(8):986-991
    • (2007) Scand J Gastroenterol , vol.42 , Issue.8 , pp. 986-991
    • Werner, M.1    Björnsson, E.2    Prytz, H.3
  • 147
    • 0015051285 scopus 로고
    • Controlled prospective trial of corticosteroid therapy in active chronic hepatitis
    • Cook GC, Mulligan R, Sherlock S. Controlled prospective trial of corticosteroid therapy in active chronic hepatitis. Q J Med 1971;40(158):159-185
    • (1971) Q J Med , vol.40 , Issue.158 , pp. 159-185
    • Cook, G.C.1    Mulligan, R.2    Sherlock, S.3
  • 148
    • 0015432456 scopus 로고
    • Clinical, biochemical, and histological remission of severe chronic active liver disease: A controlled study of treatments and early prognosis
    • Soloway RD, Summerskill WHJ, Baggenstoss AH, et al. Clinical, biochemical, and histological remission of severe chronic active liver disease: a controlled study of treatments and early prognosis. Gastroenterology 1972;63(5):820-833
    • (1972) Gastroenterology , vol.63 , Issue.5 , pp. 820-833
    • Soloway, R.D.1    Summerskill, W.H.J.2    Baggenstoss, A.H.3
  • 149
    • 0015916642 scopus 로고
    • Controlled trial of prednisone and azathioprine in active chronic hepatitis
    • Murray-Lyon IM, Stern RB, Williams R. Controlled trial of prednisone and azathioprine in active chronic hepatitis. Lancet 1973;1(7806):735-737
    • (1973) Lancet , vol.1 , Issue.7806 , pp. 735-737
    • Murray-Lyon, I.M.1    Stern, R.B.2    Williams, R.3
  • 151
    • 0020064015 scopus 로고
    • Chronic active hepatitis: The spectrum of disease
    • Hodges JR, Millward-Sadler GH, Wright R. Chronic active hepatitis: the spectrum of disease. Lancet 1982;1(8271): 550-552
    • (1982) Lancet , vol.1 , Issue.8271 , pp. 550-552
    • Hodges, J.R.1    Millward-Sadler, G.H.2    Wright, R.3
  • 152
    • 0017807644 scopus 로고
    • Long-term follow-up of chronic active hepatitis of moderate severity
    • De Groote J, Fevery J, Lepoutre L. Long-term follow-up of chronic active hepatitis of moderate severity. Gut 1978;19(6): 510-513
    • (1978) Gut , vol.19 , Issue.6 , pp. 510-513
    • De Groote, J.1    Fevery, J.2    Lepoutre, L.3
  • 153
    • 0002699272 scopus 로고
    • Long-term follow-up and management of asymptomatic chronic active hepatitis
    • Cohen S, Soloway RD, eds, New York: Churchill Livingstone;
    • Fevery J, Desmet VJ, DeGroote J. Long-term follow-up and management of asymptomatic chronic active hepatitis. In: Cohen S, Soloway RD, eds. Chronic Active Liver Disease. New York: Churchill Livingstone; 1983:51-64
    • (1983) Chronic Active Liver Disease , pp. 51-64
    • Fevery, J.1    Desmet, V.J.2    DeGroote, J.3
  • 154
    • 0026531425 scopus 로고
    • Frequency of antibody to hepatitis C virus in asymptomatic HBsAgnegative chronic active hepatitis
    • Czaja AJ, Taswell HF, Rakela J, Schimek C. Frequency of antibody to hepatitis C virus in asymptomatic HBsAgnegative chronic active hepatitis. J Hepatol 1992;14(1):88-93
    • (1992) J Hepatol , vol.14 , Issue.1 , pp. 88-93
    • Czaja, A.J.1    Taswell, H.F.2    Rakela, J.3    Schimek, C.4
  • 155
    • 0028821344 scopus 로고
    • Hepatitis C virus infection as a determinant of behavior in type 1 autoimmune hepatitis
    • Czaja AJ, Magrin S, Fabiano C, et al. Hepatitis C virus infection as a determinant of behavior in type 1 autoimmune hepatitis. Dig Dis Sci 1995;40(1):33-40
    • (1995) Dig Dis Sci , vol.40 , Issue.1 , pp. 33-40
    • Czaja, A.J.1    Magrin, S.2    Fabiano, C.3
  • 157
    • 42249103062 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Public Policy Committee of the American Association for the Study of Liver Disease. Serum activity of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) as an indicator of health and disease
    • Kim WR, Flamm SL, Di Bisceglie AM, Bodenheimer HC Jr; Public Policy Committee of the American Association for the Study of Liver Disease. Serum activity of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) as an indicator of health and disease. Hepatology 2008;47(4):1363-1370
    • (2008) Hepatology , vol.47 , Issue.4 , pp. 1363-1370
    • Kim, W.R.1    Flamm, S.L.2    Di Bisceglie, A.M.3    Bodenheimer Jr, H.C.4
  • 158
    • 40949103928 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serum aminotransferase activity and mortality risk in a United States community
    • Lee TH, Kim WR, Benson JT, Therneau TM, Melton LJ III. Serum aminotransferase activity and mortality risk in a United States community. Hepatology 2008;47(3): 880-887
    • (2008) Hepatology , vol.47 , Issue.3 , pp. 880-887
    • Lee, T.H.1    Kim, W.R.2    Benson, J.T.3    Therneau, T.M.4    Melton III, L.J.5
  • 159
    • 0015351270 scopus 로고
    • Chronic active liver disease. The range of histologic lesions, their response to treatment, and evolution
    • Baggenstoss AH, Soloway RD, Summerskill WHJ, Elveback LR, Schoenfield LJ. Chronic active liver disease. The range of histologic lesions, their response to treatment, and evolution. Hum Pathol 1972;3(2):183-198
    • (1972) Hum Pathol , vol.3 , Issue.2 , pp. 183-198
    • Baggenstoss, A.H.1    Soloway, R.D.2    Summerskill, W.H.J.3    Elveback, L.R.4    Schoenfield, L.J.5
  • 160
    • 0017661070 scopus 로고
    • Severe chronic active liver disease. Prognostic significance of initial morphologic patterns
    • Schalm SW, Korman MG, Summerskill WHJ, Czaja AJ, Baggenstoss AH. Severe chronic active liver disease. Prognostic significance of initial morphologic patterns. Am J Dig Dis 1977;22(11):973-980
    • (1977) Am J Dig Dis , vol.22 , Issue.11 , pp. 973-980
    • Schalm, S.W.1    Korman, M.G.2    Summerskill, W.H.J.3    Czaja, A.J.4    Baggenstoss, A.H.5
  • 161
    • 0019381696 scopus 로고
    • Corticosteroid-treated chronic active hepatitis in remission: Uncertain prognosis of chronic persistent hepatitis
    • Czaja AJ, Ludwig J, Baggenstoss AH, Wolf A. Corticosteroid-treated chronic active hepatitis in remission: uncertain prognosis of chronic persistent hepatitis. N Engl J Med 1981;304(1):5-9
    • (1981) N Engl J Med , vol.304 , Issue.1 , pp. 5-9
    • Czaja, A.J.1    Ludwig, J.2    Baggenstoss, A.H.3    Wolf, A.4
  • 162
    • 2542572604 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Progressive fibrosis during corticosteroid therapy of autoimmune hepatitis
    • Czaja AJ, Carpenter HA. Progressive fibrosis during corticosteroid therapy of autoimmune hepatitis. Hepatology 2004;39(6):1631-1638
    • (2004) Hepatology , vol.39 , Issue.6 , pp. 1631-1638
    • Czaja, A.J.1    Carpenter, H.A.2
  • 163
    • 1642285767 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decreased fibrosis during corticosteroid therapy of autoimmune hepatitis
    • Czaja AJ, Carpenter HA. Decreased fibrosis during corticosteroid therapy of autoimmune hepatitis. J Hepatol 2004;40: 646-652
    • (2004) J Hepatol , vol.40 , pp. 646-652
    • Czaja, A.J.1    Carpenter, H.A.2
  • 164
    • 0025302517 scopus 로고
    • Anti-liver-kidney microsome antibody-positive autoimmune hepatitis presenting as fulminant liver failure
    • Porta G, Gayotto LC, Alvarez F. Anti-liver-kidney microsome antibody-positive autoimmune hepatitis presenting as fulminant liver failure. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1990;11(1):138-140
    • (1990) J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr , vol.11 , Issue.1 , pp. 138-140
    • Porta, G.1    Gayotto, L.C.2    Alvarez, F.3
  • 165
    • 0020327399 scopus 로고
    • Prognostic and therapeutic implications of extreme serum aminotransferase elevation in chronic active hepatitis
    • Davis GL, Czaja AJ, Baggenstoss AH, Taswell HF. Prognostic and therapeutic implications of extreme serum aminotransferase elevation in chronic active hepatitis. Mayo Clin Proc 1982;57(5):303-309
    • (1982) Mayo Clin Proc , vol.57 , Issue.5 , pp. 303-309
    • Davis, G.L.1    Czaja, A.J.2    Baggenstoss, A.H.3    Taswell, H.F.4
  • 166
    • 0023812878 scopus 로고
    • Features reflective of early prognosis in corticosteroid-treated severe autoimmune chronic active hepatitis
    • Czaja AJ, Rakela J, Ludwig J. Features reflective of early prognosis in corticosteroid-treated severe autoimmune chronic active hepatitis. Gastroenterology 1988;95(2):448-453
    • (1988) Gastroenterology , vol.95 , Issue.2 , pp. 448-453
    • Czaja, A.J.1    Rakela, J.2    Ludwig, J.3
  • 167
    • 34547419539 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Corticosteroids or not in severe acute or fulminant autoimmune hepatitis: Therapeutic brinksmanship and the point beyond salvation [editorial]
    • Czaja AJ. Corticosteroids or not in severe acute or fulminant autoimmune hepatitis: therapeutic brinksmanship and the point beyond salvation [editorial]. Liver Transpl 2007;13(7): 953-955
    • (2007) Liver Transpl , vol.13 , Issue.7 , pp. 953-955
    • Czaja, A.J.1
  • 168
    • 36349017310 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Features associated with treatment failure in type 1 autoimmune hepatitis and predictive value of the model of end-stage liver disease
    • Montano-Loza AJ, Carpenter HA, Czaja AJ. Features associated with treatment failure in type 1 autoimmune hepatitis and predictive value of the model of end-stage liver disease. Hepatology 2007;46(4):1138-1145
    • (2007) Hepatology , vol.46 , Issue.4 , pp. 1138-1145
    • Montano-Loza, A.J.1    Carpenter, H.A.2    Czaja, A.J.3
  • 169
    • 18344386222 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Current concepts in autoimmune hepatitis
    • Czaja AJ. Current concepts in autoimmune hepatitis. Ann Hepatol 2005;4(1):6-24
    • (2005) Ann Hepatol , vol.4 , Issue.1 , pp. 6-24
    • Czaja, A.J.1
  • 170
    • 42149194189 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autoimmune hepatitis. Part B: Diagnosis. Expert Rev
    • Czaja AJ. Autoimmune hepatitis. Part B: diagnosis. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2007;1(1):129-143
    • (2007) Gastroenterol Hepatol , vol.1 , Issue.1 , pp. 129-143
    • Czaja, A.J.1
  • 171
    • 0032063208 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of ursodeoxycholic acid in Japanese patients with type 1 autoimmune hepatitis
    • Nakamura K, Yoneda M, Yokohama S, et al. Efficacy of ursodeoxycholic acid in Japanese patients with type 1 autoimmune hepatitis. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1998; 13(5):490-495
    • (1998) J Gastroenterol Hepatol , vol.13 , Issue.5 , pp. 490-495
    • Nakamura, K.1    Yoneda, M.2    Yokohama, S.3
  • 172
    • 0028125280 scopus 로고
    • Chronic active autoimmune hepatitis in children. Strong association with a particular HLA-DR6 (DRB1*1301) haplotype
    • Fainboim L, Marcos Y, Pando M, et al. Chronic active autoimmune hepatitis in children. Strong association with a particular HLA-DR6 (DRB1*1301) haplotype. Hum Immunol 1994;41(2):146-150
    • (1994) Hum Immunol , vol.41 , Issue.2 , pp. 146-150
    • Fainboim, L.1    Marcos, Y.2    Pando, M.3
  • 173
    • 0032722786 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pediatric and adult forms of type I autoimmune hepatitis in Argentina: Evidence for differential genetic predisposition
    • Pando M, Larriba J, Fernandez GC, et al. Pediatric and adult forms of type I autoimmune hepatitis in Argentina: evidence for differential genetic predisposition. Hepatology 1999;30(6):1374-1380
    • (1999) Hepatology , vol.30 , Issue.6 , pp. 1374-1380
    • Pando, M.1    Larriba, J.2    Fernandez, G.C.3
  • 174
    • 0036708278 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical distinctions and pathogenic implications of type 1 autoimmune hepatitis in Brazil and the United States
    • Czaja AJ, Souto EO, Bittencourt PL, et al. Clinical distinctions and pathogenic implications of type 1 autoimmune hepatitis in Brazil and the United States. J Hepatol 2002;37(3):302-308
    • (2002) J Hepatol , vol.37 , Issue.3 , pp. 302-308
    • Czaja, A.J.1    Souto, E.O.2    Bittencourt, P.L.3
  • 177
    • 58149180258 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chronic liver disease in Aboriginal North Americans
    • Scott JD, Garland N. Chronic liver disease in Aboriginal North Americans. World J Gastroenterol 2008;14(29): 4607-4615
    • (2008) World J Gastroenterol , vol.14 , Issue.29 , pp. 4607-4615
    • Scott, J.D.1    Garland, N.2
  • 178
    • 58249084511 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autoimmune hepatitis in a North American Aboriginal/First Nations population
    • Minuk GY, Liu S, Kaita K, et al. Autoimmune hepatitis in a North American Aboriginal/First Nations population. Can J Gastroenterol 2008;22(10):829-834
    • (2008) Can J Gastroenterol , vol.22 , Issue.10 , pp. 829-834
    • Minuk, G.Y.1    Liu, S.2    Kaita, K.3
  • 179
    • 35548934579 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Retrospective review of pediatric and adult autoimmune hepatitis in two quaternary care centres in British Columbia: Increased prevalence seen in British Columbia's First Nations community
    • Chung HV, Riley M, Ho JK, et al. Retrospective review of pediatric and adult autoimmune hepatitis in two quaternary care centres in British Columbia: increased prevalence seen in British Columbia's First Nations community. Can J Gastroenterol 2007;21(9):565-568
    • (2007) Can J Gastroenterol , vol.21 , Issue.9 , pp. 565-568
    • Chung, H.V.1    Riley, M.2    Ho, J.K.3
  • 180
    • 0036107708 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characteristics of autoimmune hepatitis in patients who are not of European Caucasoid ethnic origin
    • Zolfino T, Heneghan MA, Norris S, Harrison PM, Portmann BC, McFarlane IG. Characteristics of autoimmune hepatitis in patients who are not of European Caucasoid ethnic origin. Gut 2002;50(5):713-717
    • (2002) Gut , vol.50 , Issue.5 , pp. 713-717
    • Zolfino, T.1    Heneghan, M.A.2    Norris, S.3    Harrison, P.M.4    Portmann, B.C.5    McFarlane, I.G.6
  • 181
    • 17044393582 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An unusual form of autoimmune hepatitis in young Somalian men
    • D'Souza R, Sinnott P, Glynn MJ, Sabin CA, Foster GR. An unusual form of autoimmune hepatitis in young Somalian men. Liver Int 2005;25(2):325-330
    • (2005) Liver Int , vol.25 , Issue.2 , pp. 325-330
    • D'Souza, R.1    Sinnott, P.2    Glynn, M.J.3    Sabin, C.A.4    Foster, G.R.5
  • 182
    • 0027682831 scopus 로고
    • Genetic predispositions for the immunological features of chronic active hepatitis
    • Czaja AJ, Carpenter HA, Santrach PJ, Moore SB. Genetic predispositions for the immunological features of chronic active hepatitis. Hepatology 1993;18(4):816-822
    • (1993) Hepatology , vol.18 , Issue.4 , pp. 816-822
    • Czaja, A.J.1    Carpenter, H.A.2    Santrach, P.J.3    Moore, S.B.4
  • 183
    • 0035102328 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Shared genetic risk factors in autoimmune liver disease
    • Czaja AJ, Santrach PJ, Breanndan Moore S. Shared genetic risk factors in autoimmune liver disease. Dig Dis Sci 2001;46(1):140-147
    • (2001) Dig Dis Sci , vol.46 , Issue.1 , pp. 140-147
    • Czaja, A.J.1    Santrach, P.J.2    Breanndan Moore, S.3
  • 184
    • 0034077771 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic susceptibilities for immune expression and liver cell injury in autoimmune hepatitis
    • Czaja AJ, Donaldson PT. Genetic susceptibilities for immune expression and liver cell injury in autoimmune hepatitis. Immunol Rev 2000;174:250-259
    • (2000) Immunol Rev , vol.174 , pp. 250-259
    • Czaja, A.J.1    Donaldson, P.T.2
  • 185
    • 0036799555 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic bases of autoimmune hepatitis
    • Czaja AJ, Doherty DG, Donaldson PT. Genetic bases of autoimmune hepatitis. Dig Dis Sci 2002;47(10):2139-2150
    • (2002) Dig Dis Sci , vol.47 , Issue.10 , pp. 2139-2150
    • Czaja, A.J.1    Doherty, D.G.2    Donaldson, P.T.3
  • 186
    • 0036695060 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic effects on susceptibility, clinical expression, and treatment outcome of type 1 autoimmune hepatitis
    • Donaldson PT, Czaja AJ. Genetic effects on susceptibility, clinical expression, and treatment outcome of type 1 autoimmune hepatitis. Clin Liver Dis 2002;6(3):707-725
    • (2002) Clin Liver Dis , vol.6 , Issue.3 , pp. 707-725
    • Donaldson, P.T.1    Czaja, A.J.2
  • 187
    • 0036851351 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetics in autoimmune hepatitis
    • Donaldson PT. Genetics in autoimmune hepatitis. Semin Liver Dis 2002;22(4):353-364
    • (2002) Semin Liver Dis , vol.22 , Issue.4 , pp. 353-364
    • Donaldson, P.T.1
  • 188
    • 0025845888 scopus 로고
    • Identification of hepatitis A virus as a trigger for autoimmune chronic hepatitis type 1 in susceptible individuals
    • Vento S, Garofano T, Di Perri G, Dolci L, Concia E, Bassetti D. Identification of hepatitis A virus as a trigger for autoimmune chronic hepatitis type 1 in susceptible individuals. Lancet 1991;337(8751):1183-1187
    • (1991) Lancet , vol.337 , Issue.8751 , pp. 1183-1187
    • Vento, S.1    Garofano, T.2    Di Perri, G.3    Dolci, L.4    Concia, E.5    Bassetti, D.6
  • 191
    • 45349100207 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autoimmune hepatitis induced by the prolonged hepatitis A virus infection
    • Tabak F, Ozdemir F, Tabak O, Erer B, Tahan V, Ozaras R. Autoimmune hepatitis induced by the prolonged hepatitis A virus infection. Ann Hepatol 2008;7(2):177-179
    • (2008) Ann Hepatol , vol.7 , Issue.2 , pp. 177-179
    • Tabak, F.1    Ozdemir, F.2    Tabak, O.3    Erer, B.4    Tahan, V.5    Ozaras, R.6
  • 192
    • 0034992241 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Protracted, but not acute, hepatitis A virus infection is strongly associated with HLA-DRB*1301, a marker for pediatric autoimmune hepatitis
    • Fainboim L, Cañero Velasco MC, Marcos CY, et al. Protracted, but not acute, hepatitis A virus infection is strongly associated with HLA-DRB*1301, a marker for pediatric autoimmune hepatitis. Hepatology 2001;33(6): 1512-1517
    • (2001) Hepatology , vol.33 , Issue.6 , pp. 1512-1517
    • Fainboim, L.1    Cañero Velasco, M.C.2    Marcos, C.Y.3
  • 193
    • 0032752045 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hepatitis A in Latin America: A changing epidemiologic pattern
    • Tapia-Conyer R, Santos JI, Cavalcanti AM, et al. Hepatitis A in Latin America: a changing epidemiologic pattern. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1999;61(5):825-829
    • (1999) Am J Trop Med Hyg , vol.61 , Issue.5 , pp. 825-829
    • Tapia-Conyer, R.1    Santos, J.I.2    Cavalcanti, A.M.3
  • 194
    • 0032862558 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Frequency and nature of cytokine gene polymorphisms in type 1 autoimmune hepatitis
    • Cookson S, Constantini PK, Clare M, et al. Frequency and nature of cytokine gene polymorphisms in type 1 autoimmune hepatitis. Hepatology 1999;30(4):851-856
    • (1999) Hepatology , vol.30 , Issue.4 , pp. 851-856
    • Cookson, S.1    Constantini, P.K.2    Clare, M.3
  • 195
    • 0032819862 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cytokine polymorphisms associated with clinical features and treatment outcome in type 1 autoimmune hepatitis
    • Czaja AJ, Cookson S, Constantini PK, Clare M, Underhill JA, Donaldson PT. Cytokine polymorphisms associated with clinical features and treatment outcome in type 1 autoimmune hepatitis. Gastroenterology 1999;117(3):645-652
    • (1999) Gastroenterology , vol.117 , Issue.3 , pp. 645-652
    • Czaja, A.J.1    Cookson, S.2    Constantini, P.K.3    Clare, M.4    Underhill, J.A.5    Donaldson, P.T.6
  • 196
    • 0033962893 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cytoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) gene polymorphism and susceptibility to type 1 autoimmune hepatitis
    • Agarwal K, Czaja AJ, Jones DE, Donaldson PT. Cytoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) gene polymorphism and susceptibility to type 1 autoimmune hepatitis. Hepatology 2000;31:49-53
    • (2000) Hepatology , vol.31 , pp. 49-53
    • Agarwal, K.1    Czaja, A.J.2    Jones, D.E.3    Donaldson, P.T.4
  • 197
    • 0036139687 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic association of vitamin D receptor polymorphisms with primary biliary cirrhosis and autoimmune hepatitis
    • Vogel A, Strassburg CP, Manns MP. Genetic association of vitamin D receptor polymorphisms with primary biliary cirrhosis and autoimmune hepatitis. Hepatology 2002;35(1): 126-131
    • (2002) Hepatology , vol.35 , Issue.1 , pp. 126-131
    • Vogel, A.1    Strassburg, C.P.2    Manns, M.P.3
  • 198
    • 21344432363 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fas polymorphisms influence susceptibility to autoimmune hepatitis
    • Hiraide A, Imazeki F, Yokosuka O, et al. Fas polymorphisms influence susceptibility to autoimmune hepatitis. Am J Gastroenterol 2005;100(6):1322-1329
    • (2005) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.100 , Issue.6 , pp. 1322-1329
    • Hiraide, A.1    Imazeki, F.2    Yokosuka, O.3
  • 199
    • 14844331387 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic association of vitamin D receptor polymorphisms with autoimmune hepatitis and primary biliary cirrhosis in the Chinese
    • Fan L, Tu X, Zhu Y, et al. Genetic association of vitamin D receptor polymorphisms with autoimmune hepatitis and primary biliary cirrhosis in the Chinese. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2005;20(2):249-255
    • (2005) J Gastroenterol Hepatol , vol.20 , Issue.2 , pp. 249-255
    • Fan, L.1    Tu, X.2    Zhu, Y.3
  • 200
    • 34247882930 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A functional Fas promoter polymorphism is associated with a severe phenotype in type 1 autoimmune hepatitis characterized by early development of cirrhosis
    • Agarwal K, Czaja AJ, Donaldson PT. A functional Fas promoter polymorphism is associated with a severe phenotype in type 1 autoimmune hepatitis characterized by early development of cirrhosis. Tissue Antigens 2007;69(3):227-235
    • (2007) Tissue Antigens , vol.69 , Issue.3 , pp. 227-235
    • Agarwal, K.1    Czaja, A.J.2    Donaldson, P.T.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.