Assessment of executive functioning in children after TBI with a naturalistic open-ended task: A pilot study

Developmental Neurorehabilitation

Volumn 12, Issue 2, 2009, Pages 76-91

  Chevignard, Mathilde P ^a,b,c   Servant, Violette ^a   Mariller, Aude ^a   Abada, Geneviève ^a   Pradat Diehl, Pascale ^b,c,d   Laurent Vannier, Anne ^a  

^a Hospital National de Saint Maurice   (France)

^b INSERM   (France)

^c SORBONNE UNIVERSITÉ   (France)

^d PITIÉ SALPÊTRIÈRE HOSPITAL   (France)

Author keywords

Child; Ecological assessment; Executive functions; Naturalistic task; Traumatic brain injury

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ARTICLE; CHILD; CLINICAL ARTICLE; CLINICAL TRIAL; COGNITION; CONTROLLED STUDY; COOKING; DAILY LIFE ACTIVITY; DISEASE SEVERITY; FEMALE; FUNCTIONAL ASSESSMENT; HUMAN; MALE; PARENT; PILOT STUDY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS; QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS; QUESTIONNAIRE; SCHOOL CHILD; SCORING SYSTEM; STANDARDIZATION; TASK PERFORMANCE; TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY; BRAIN INJURY; CASE CONTROL STUDY; COGNITIVE DEFECT; HOSPITALIZATION; MOTOR PERFORMANCE; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TEST; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; PSYCHOMOTOR PERFORMANCE;

ACTIVITIES OF DAILY LIVING; ADOLESCENT; BRAIN INJURIES; CASE-CONTROL STUDIES; CHILD; COGNITION; COGNITION DISORDERS; HUMANS; MOTOR SKILLS; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TESTS; PARENTS; PILOT PROJECTS; PSYCHOMOTOR PERFORMANCE; QUESTIONNAIRES; SEVERITY OF ILLNESS INDEX; TASK PERFORMANCE AND ANALYSIS;

EID: 67651167012     PISSN: 17518423     EISSN: 17518431     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/17518420902777019     Document Type: Article

References (104)

1. Sharples PM. Head injury in children. In: Ward Platt MP, Little RA, editors. Injury in the young. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1998. pp 263-299.
2. Kraus JF. Epidemiology features of brain injury in children. Occurrence, children of risk, causes and manner of injury, severity and outcomes. In: Broman SH, Michel ME, editors. Traumatic head injury in children. New York: Oxford University Press; 1995. pp 22-39.
3. Masson F, Salmi LR, Maurette P, Dartigues JF, Vecsey J, Garros B, Erny P. Characteristics of head trauma in children: Epidemiology and a 5-year follow-up. Archives of Pediatrics 1996;3:651-660.
4. Anderson VA, Catroppa C, Rosenfeld J, Haritou F, Morse SA. Recovery of memory function following traumatic brain injury in pre-school children. Brain Injury 2000;14:679-692.
5. Asarnow RF, Satz P, Light R. Behavior problems and adaptive functioning in children with mild and severe closed head injury. Journal of Pediatric Psychology 1991;16:543-545.
6. Ewing-Cobbs L, Prasad M, Fletcher JM, Levin HS, Miner ME, Eisenberg HM. Attention after pediatric traumatic brain injury: A multidimensional assessment. Child Neuropsychology 1998;4:35-48.
7. Fletcher JM, Ewing-Cobbs L, Miner ME, Levin HS, Eisenberg HM. Behavioral changes after closed head injury in children. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 1990;58:93-98.
8. Muscara F, Catroppa C, Eren S, Anderson V. The impact of injury severity on long-term social outcome following pediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI). Neuropsychological Rehabilitation; in press.
9. Aaro Jonsson C, Horneman G, Emanuelson I. Neuropsychological progress during 14 years after severe traumatic brain injury in childhood and adolescence. Brain Injury 2004;18:921-934.
10. Dennis M, Guger S, Roncadin C, Barnes M, Scharchar R. Attentional-inhibitory and social-behavioral regulation after childhood closed head injury: Do biological, developmental, and recovery variables predict outcome? Journal of the International Neuropsychology Society 2001;7:683-692.
11. Donders J, Warschausky S. Neurobehavioral outcomes after early versus late childhood traumatic brain injury. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation 2007;22:296-302.
12. Emanuelson I, Von Wendt L, Beckung E, Hagberg I. Late outcome after severe traumatic brain injury in children and adolescents. Pediatric Rehabilitation 1998;2:65-70.
13. Eslinger PJ, Flaherty-Craig CV, Benton AL. Developmental outcomes after early prefrontal cortex damage. Brain and Cognition 2004;55:84-103.
14. Eslinger PJ, Grattan LM. Perspectives on the developmental consequences of early frontal lobe damage: Introduction. Developmental Neuropsychology 1991;7:257-260.
15. Fay GC, Falle KM, Polissar NL, Martin KM, Shurtleff HA, Rivara JB, Winn HR. Severity of pediatric traumatic brain injury and neurobehavioral recovery at one year: A cohort study. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 1993;74:587-595.
16. Fay GC, Jaffe KM, Polissar NL, Liao S, Rivara JB, Martin KM. Outcome of pediatric traumatic brain injury at three years: A cohort study. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 1994;75:733-741.
17. Hoofien D, Gilboa A, Vakil E, Donovick PJ. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) 10-20 years later: A comprehensive outcome study of psychiatric symptomatology, cognitive abilities and psychosocial functioning. Brain Injury 2001;15:189-209.
18. Javouhey E, Guerin AC, Chiron M, Floret D. Epidémiologie et prévention des traumatismes crâniens de l'enfant. Archives de pédiatrie 2006;6:528-530.
19. Koskiniemi M, Kyykkä T, Nybo T, Jarho L. Long-term outcome after severe brain injury in preschoolers is worse than expected. Archives of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine 1995;149:249-254.
20. Mangeot S, Armstrong K, Colvin AN, Yeates KO, Taylor HG. Long-term executive function deficits in children with traumatic brain injuries: Assessment using the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF). Child Neuropsychology 2002;8:271-284.
21. Max JE, Roberts MA, Koele SL, Lindgren SD, Robin DA, Arndt S, Smith WL, Sato Y. Cognitive outcome in children and adolescents following severe traumatic brain injury: Influence of psychosocial, psychiatric, and injury-related variables. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 1999;5:58-68.
22. Muscara F, Catroppa C, Anderson V. Social problem solving skills as a mediator between executive function and long-term social outcome following pediatric traumatic brain injury. Journal of Neuropsychology; 2008;2:445-461.
23. Nybo T, Koskiniemi M. Cognitive indicators of vocational outcome after severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) in childhood. Brain Injury 1999;13:759-766.
24. Nybo T, Sainio M, Müller K. Stability of vocational outcome in adulthood after moderate to severe preschool brain injury. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 2004;10:719-723.
25. Price BH, Daffner KR, Stowe RM, Mesulam MM. The comportmental learning disabilities of early frontal lobe damage. Brain 1990;113:1383-1393.
26. Van Heugten CM, Hendriksen J, Rasquin S, Dijcks B, Jaeken D, Vles JHS. Long-term neuropsychological in a cohort of children and adolescents after severe paediatric traumatic brain injury. Brain Injury 2006;20:895-903.
27. Anderson V. Assessment of executive function in children. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation 1998;8(3):319-349.
28. Anderson V. Assessing executive functions in children: Biological, psychological and developmental considerations. Pediatric Rehabilitation 2001;4:119-136.
29. Gioia GA, Isquith PK. Ecological assessment of executive function in traumatic brain injury. Developmental Neuropsychology 2004;25:135-158.
30. Lezak MD. Neuropsychological assessment. 3rd ed. New York: Oxford University Press; 1995.
31. Anderson VA, Anderson P, Northam E, Jacobs R, Mikiewicz O. Relationships between cognitive and behavioral measures of executive function in children with brain disease. Child Neuropsychology 2002;8:231-240.
32. Becker M, Isaac W, Hynd G. Neuropsychological development of nonverbal behaviors attributed to 'Frontal Lobe' functioning. Developmental Neuropsychology 1987;3: 275-298.
33. Chelune GJ, Baer RA. Development norms for Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology 1986;8:219-228.
34. Comalli PE, Wapner S, Werner H. Interference effects of Stroop color-word testing childhood, adulthood and aging. The Journal of Genetic Psychology 1962;100: 47-53.
35. Kelly T. The development of executive function in school-aged children. Clinical Neuropsychological Assessment 2000;1:38-55.
36. Levin HS, Culhane KA, Hartmann J, Evankovich K, Mattson AJ, Harward H, Ringholz G, Ewing-Cobbs, Fletcher JM. Developmental changes in performance on tests of purported frontal lobe functioning. Developmental Neuropsychology 1991;7:377-395.
37. Owen AM, Doyon J, Petrides M, Evans AC. Planning and spatial working memory: A positron emission tomography study in humans. European Journal of Neuroscience 1996;8:353-364.
38. Passler M, Isaac W, Hynd G. Neuropsychological development of behavior attributed to frontal lobe functioning in children. Developmental Neuropsychology 1985;1:349-370.
39. Shallice T, Marzocchi GM, Coser S, Del Savio, Meuter RF, Rumiatti RI. Executive function profile of children with attention deficit hyper activity disorder. Developmental Neuropsychology 2002;21:43-71.
40. Welsh MC, Pennington BF, Groissier DB. A normative-developmental study of executive functions: A window on prefrontal function in children. Developmental Neuropsychology 1991;7:131-149.
41. Garth J, Anderson V, Wrennal J. Executive functions following moderate to severe frontal lobe injury: Impact of injury and age at injury. Pediatric Rehabilitation 1997;1: 99-108.
42. Levin HS, Hanten G. Executive functions after traumatic brain injury in children. Pediatric Neurology 2005;33:79-93.
43. Nadebaum C, Anderson V, Catroppa C. Executive function outcomes following traumatic brain injury in young children: A five year follow-up. Developmental Neuropsychology 2007;32:703-728.
44. Ewing-Cobbs L, Prasad MR, Landry SH, Kramer L, DeLeon R. Executive functions following traumatic brain injury in young children: A preliminary analysis. Developmental Neuropsychology 2004;26:487-512.
45. Levin HS, Lilly MA, Mendelsohn D, Fletcher JM, Culhane KA, Chapman SB, Harward SB, Kusnerik L, Bruce D, Eisenberg HM. Tower of London performance in relation to magnetic resonance imaging following closed head injury in children. Neuropsychology 1994;8:171-179.
46. Levin HS, Song J, Scheibel RS, Fletcher JM, Harward H, Lily M. Concept formation and problem-solving following closed head injury in children. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology 1997;3:598-607.
47. Muscara F, Catroppa C, Anderson VA. The impact of injury severity on executive function 7-10 years following pediatric traumatic brain injury. Developmental Neuropsychology 2008;33:623-636.
48. Pentland L, Todd JA, Anderson V. The impact of head injury severity on planning ability in adolescence: A functional analysis. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation 1998;8:301-317.
49. Dennis M. Language and young damaged brain. In: Boll T, Bryant B, editors. Clinical neuropsychology and brain function: Research, measurement and practice. Washington: American Psychological Association; 1989. pp 89-123.
50. Mateer C, Williams D. Effects of frontal lobe injury in childhood. Developmental Neuropsychology 1991;7: 359-376.
51. Grattan L, Eslinger P. Frontal lobe damage in children and adults: A comparative review. Developmental Neuropsy-chology 1991;7:283-326.
52. Taylor HG, Alden J. Age-related differences in outcomes following childhood brain insults: An introduction and overview. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 1997;3:555-567.
53. Silver CH. Ecological validity of neuropsychological assessment in childhood traumatic brain injury. Journal of Head Traumatic Rehabilitation 2000;15:973-988.
54. Sbordone RJ. Ecological validity: Some critical issues for the neuropsychologist. In: Sbordone RJ, Long CJ, editors. Ecological validity of neuropsychological testing. New York: St Lucie Press; 1996. pp 15-42.
55. Franzen MD, Wilhelm KL. Conceptual foundations of ecological validity in neuropsychology. In: Sbordone RJ, Long CJ, editors. Ecological validity of neuropsychological testing. New York: St Lucie Press; 1996. pp 75-89.
56. Burgess PW, Alderman N, Evans J, Emslie H, Wilson BA. The ecological validity of tests of executive function. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 1998;4:547-558.
57. Chaytor N, Schmitter-Edgecombe M. The ecological validity of neuropsychological tests: A review of the literature on everyday cognitive skills. Neuropsychology Review 2003;13:181-197.
58. Manchester D, Priestley N, Jackson H. The assessment of executive functions: Coming out of the office. Brain Injury 2004;18:1067-1081.
59. Eslinger PJ, Grattan LM, Damasio H, Damasio AR. Developmental consequences of childhood frontal lobe damage. Archives of Neurology 1992;49:764-769.
60. Marlowe W. Consequences of frontal lobe injury in the developing child. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology 1989;12:105-112.
61. Vriezen ER, Pigott SD, Pelletier PM. Developmental implications of early frontal-lobe damage: A case study. Brain and Cognition 2001;47:222-225.
62. Lezak MD. Newer contributions to the neuropsychological assessment of executive functions. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation 1993;8:24-31.
63. Powell KB, Voeller KKS. Prefrontal executive function syndromes in children. Journal of Child Neurology 2004;10:785-797.
64. Gioia GA, Isquith PK, Guy SC, Kenworthy L. Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources; 2000.
65. Gioia GA, Isquith PK, Kenworthy L, Barton RM. Profiles of everyday function in acquired and developmental disorders. Child Neuropsychology 2002;8:121-137.
66. Vriezen ER, Pigott S. The relationship between parental report on the BRIEF and performance-based measures of executive function in children with moderate to severe traumatic brain injury. Child Neuropsychology 2002;8:296-303.
67. Emslie H, Wilson C, Burden V, Nimmo-Smith, Wilson B. Behavioural Assessment of Dysexecutive Syndrome for Children (BADSC). Titchfield, Hants: Thames Valley Tests Company; 2003.
68. Wilson BA, Alderman N, Burgess P, Emslie H, Evans J. Behavioural Assessment of the Dysexecutive Syndrome. Bury St Edmunds, UK: Thames Valley Test Company Limited; 1996.
69. Bruininks RH, Woodcock RW, Wetherman RF, Hill BK. Woodcock-Johnson Psycho-Educational Battery/ Part Four: Scales of Independent Behavior. Allen, TX: DLM Teaching Resources; 1985.
70. Sparrow SS, Balla DA, Cicchetti D. Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales. Circle Pines, MN: American Guidance Service; 1984.
71. Achenbach TM. Integrative Guide for the 1991 CBCL/4-18, YSR, and TRF profiles. Burlington, VT: University of Vermont, Department of Psychiatry; 1991.
72. Bridge Denckla M. The behavior rating inventory of executive function: Commentary. Child Neuropsychology 2002;8:304-306.
73. Chevignard M, Pillon B, Pradat-Diehl P, Taillefer C, Rousseau S, Le Bras C, Dubois B. An ecological approach to planning dysfunction: Script execution. Cortex 2000;36:649-669.
74. Chevignard M, Taillefer C, Picq C, Pradat-Diehl P. Evaluation écologique des fonctions exécutives chez un patient traumatisé crânien. Annales de Réadaptation et de Médecine Physique 2008;51:74-83.
75. Todd JA, Anderson VA, Lawrence J. Planning skills in head injured adolescents and their peers. Neuropsychology Rehabilitation 1996;6:81-99.
76. Wilson BA, Evans JJ, Emslie H, Alderman N, Burgess PW. The development of an ecologically valid test for assessing patients with a dysexecutive syndrome. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation 1998;8:213-228.
77. Wood RL, Liossi C. The ecological validity of executive tests in a severely brain injured sample. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology 2006;25:429-437.
78. Norris G, Tate RL. The Behavioural Assessment of the Dysexecutive Syndrome (BADS): Ecological, concurrent and construct validity. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation 2000;10:33-45.
79. Sohlberg MM, Mateer CA. Cognitive rehabilitation: An integrative neuropsychological approach. New York: The Guilford Press; 2001.
80. Chapparo C, Ranka J. The perceive, recall, plan, perform system of task analysis. In: Chapparo C, Fanka J, editors. Occupational performance model (Australia). Monograph 1. Occupational Performance Network; 1997. pp 189-198.
81. Lawrence V, Houghton S, Tannock R, Douglas G, Durkin K, Whiting K. ADHD outside the laboratory: Boys' executive function performance on tasks in videogame play and on a visit to the zoo. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology 2002;30:447-462.
82. Granger CV, Msall ME, Braun S, Griswald K, McCabe M, Heyer N, Hamilton BB. Wee-FIM system clinical guide: Version 5.01. Buffalo, NY: University of Buffalo; 1998.
83. Fisher AG. AMPS: Assessment of motor and process skills. Volume 1: Development and administration manual. 5th ed. Colorado: Three Star Press Inc; 2003.
84. Chevignard M, Taillefer C, Picq C, Poncet F, Noulhiane N, Pradat-Diehl P. Ecological assessment of the dysexecutive syndrome using execution of a cooking task. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation 2008;18:461-485.
85. Fortin S, Godbout L, Braun CM. Cognitive structure of executive deficits in frontally lesioned head trauma patients performing activities of daily living. Cortex 2003;39:273-291.
86. Teasdale G, Jennett B. Assessment of coma and impaired consciousness. A practical scale. Lancet 1974;2:81-84.
87. Wilson BA, Ivani-Chalian R, Aldrich F. The Rivermead Behavioural Memory Test for Children. Bury St. Edmunds, Suffolk: Thames Valley Test Company; 1991.
88. Reitan RM. Validity of the Trail Making Test as an indicator of organic brain damage. Perceptual and Motor Skills 1958;8:271-276.
89. Wilson BA, Ivani-Chalian R, Besag FM, Bryant T. Adapting the Rivermead Behavioural Memory Test for use with children aged 5 to 10 years. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology 1993;15:474-486.
90. Heaton RK, Chelune GJ, Talley JL, Kay GG, Curtiss G. Test de classement de Cartes du Wisconsin. Paris: Les éditions du Centre de Psychologie Appliquée; 2002.
91. Rey A. L'examen psychologique dans les cas d'encéphalo-pathie traumatique (Psychological examination of traumatic encephalopathy). Archives de Psychologie 1941;28:286-290.
92. Rey A. Test de copie d'une figure complexe. Paris: ECPA; 1959.
93. Lussier F, Guérin F, Dufresne A, Lassonde M. Etude normative développementale des fonctions exécutives: La Tour de Londres. Approche neuropsychologique des appren-tissages chez l'enfant 1998;47:42-52.
94. Laurent Vannier A, Brugel DG, De Agostini M. Rehabilitation of brain-injured children. Child's Nervous System 2000;16:760-764.
95. Ciccetti DV, Sparrow SS. Developing criteria for establishing interrater reliability of specific items: Applications of assessment of adaptive behavior. American Journal of Mental Deficiency 1981;86:127-137.
96. Cohen J. Statistical power analysis for the behavioural sciences. 2nd ed. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum; 1988.
97. Duncan J, Emslie H, Williams P, Johnson R, Freer C. Intelligence and the frontal lobe: The organisation of goal-directed behavior. Cognitive Psychology 1996;30:257-303.
98. Shallice T, Burgess PW. Deficits in strategy application following frontal lobe damage in man. Brain 1991;114: 727-741.
99. Eslinger PJ, Damasio AR. Severe disturbance of higher cognition after bilateral frontal lobe ablation: Patient EVR. Neurology 1985;35:1731-1741.
100. Levine B, Stuss DT, Milberg WP, Alexander MP, Schwartz, M, MacDonald R. The effects of focal and diffuse brain damage on stategy application: Evidence from focal lesions, traumatic brain injury and normal aging. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 1998;4: 247-264.
101. Sbordone RJ. Limitations of neuropsychological testing to predict the cognitive and behavioural functioning of persons with brain injury in real-world settings. NeuroRehabiliation 2001;16:199-201.
102. Bennett PC, Ong B, Ponsford J. Measuring executive dysfunction in an acute rehabilitation setting: Using the dysexecutive questionnaire (DEX). Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 2005;11:376-385.
103. Cripe LI. The ecological validity of executive function testing. In: Sbordone R, Long C, editors. Ecological validity of neuropsychological testing. New York: St Lucie Press; 1998. pp 171-202.
104. WiSC-IV. Echelle d'intelligence de Wechsler pour enfants. 4th ed. Paris: Editions du Centre de Psychologie appliquée; 2005.