Chapter 2.2 Animal episodic memory

Handbook of Behavioral Neuroscience

Volumn 18, Issue , 2008, Pages 155-184

  Dere, Ekrem ^a   Zlomuzica, Armin ^a   Huston, Joseph P ^a   De Souza Silva, Maria A ^a  

^a HEINRICH HEINE UNIVERSITY   (Germany)

Author keywords

animals; episodic memory; hippocampus; mental time travel; metacognition; prospective memory; temporal order memory; what, where and when

Indexed keywords

EID: 67649716196     PISSN: 15697339     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1016/S1569-7339(08)00210-5     Document Type: Review

References (193)

1. Aggleton J.P., and Brown M.W. Episodic memory, amnesia, and the hippocampal-anterior thalamic axis. Behav. Brain Sci. 22 (1999) 425-444
2. Aggleton J.P., and Pearce J.M. Neural systems underlying episodic memory: insights from animal research. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci. 356 (2001) 1467-1482
3. Agster K.L., Fortin N.J., and Eichenbaum H. The hippocampus and disambiguation of overlapping sequences. J. Neurosci. 22 (2002) 5760-5768
4. Airaksinen M.S., Reinikainen K., Riekkinen P., and Panula P. Neurofibrillary tangles and histamine-containing neurons in Alzheimer hypothalamus. Agents Actions 33 (1991) 104-107
5. Anagnostaras S.G., Gale G.D., and Fanselow M.S. Hippocampus and contextual fear conditioning: recent controversies and advances. Hippocampus 11 (2001) 8-17
6. Anichtchik O.V., Rinne J.O., Kalimo H., and Panula P. An altered histaminergic innervation of the substantia nigra in Parkinson's disease. Exp. Neurol. 163 (2000) 20-30
7. Babb S.J., and Crystal J.D. Discrimination of what, when, and where, implications for episodic-like memory in rats. Learn. Motiv. 36 (2005) 177-189
8. Baddeley A. The concept of episodic memory. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci. 356 (2001) 1345-1350
9. Baker K.B., and Kim J.J. Effects of stress and hippocampal NMDA receptor antagonism on recognition memory in rats. Learn. Mem. 9 (2002) 58-65
10. Bannerman D.M., Yee B.K., Good M.A., Heupel M.J., Iversen S.D., and Rawlins J.N. Double dissociation of function within the hippocampus, a comparison of dorsal, ventral, and complete hippocampal cytotoxic lesions. Behav. Neurosci. 113 (1999) 1170-1188
11. Bast T., Da Silva B.M., and Morris R.G. Distinct contributions of hippocampal NMDA and AMPA receptors to encoding and retrieval of one-trial place memory. J. Neurosci. 25 (2005) 5845-5856
12. Baxter M.G., Lanthorn T.H., Frick K.M., Golski S., Wan R.Q., and Olton D.S. d-cycloserine, a novel cognitive enhancer, improves spatial memory in aged rats. Neurobiol. Aging 15 (1994) 207-213
13. Billard J.M., and Rouaud E. Deficit of NMDA receptor activation in CA1 hippocampal area of aged rats is rescued by d-cycloserine. Eur. J. Neurosci. 25 (2007) 2260-2268
14. Bird L.R., Roberts W.A., Abroms B., Kit K.A., and Crupi C. Spatial memory for food hidden by rats (Rattus norvegicus) on the radial maze, studies of memory for where, what, and when. J. Comp. Psychol. 117 (2003) 176-187
15. Blank H. The role of horizontal categorization in retroactive and proactive interference. Exp. Psychol. 49 (2002) 196-207
16. Bloom F.E., Reilly J.F., Redwine J.M., Wu C.C., Young W.G., and Morrison J.H. Mouse models of human neurodegenerative disorders, requirements for medication development. Arch. Neurol. 62 (2005) 185-187
17. Borrini G., Dall'Ora P., Della Sala S., Marinelli L., and Spinnler H. Autobiographical memory. Sensitivity to age and education of a standardized enquiry. Psychol. Med. 19 (1989) 215-224
18. Bower G.H., Thompson-Schill S., and Tulving E. Reducing retroactive interference: an interference analysis. J. Exp. Psychol. Learn. Mem. Cogn. 20 (1994) 51-66
19. Broadbent N.J., Squire L.R., and Clark R.E. Spatial memory, recognition memory, and the hippocampus. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 101 (2004) 14515-14520
20. Buffalo E.A., Ramus S.J., Clark R.E., Teng E., Squire L.R., and Zola S.M. Dissociation between the effects of damage to perirhinal cortex and area TE. Learn. Mem. 6 (1999) 572-599
21. Bussey T.J., Duck J., Muir J.L., and Aggleton J.P. Distinct patterns of behavioural impairments resulting from fornix transection or neurotoxic lesions of the perirhinal and postrhinal cortices in the rat. Behav. Brain Res. 111 (2000) 187-202
22. Butterfield D.A., and Pocernich C.B. The glutamatergic system and Alzheimer's disease: therapeutic implications. CNS Drugs 17 (2003) 641-652
23. Cacabelos R., Yamatodani A., Niigawa H., Hariguchi S., Tada K., Nishimura T., Wada H., Brandeis L., and Pearson J. Brain histamine in Alzheimer's disease. Methods Find. Exp. Clin. Pharmacol. 11 (1989) 353-360
24. Carr J.A., and Wilkie D.M. Rats use an ordinal timer in a daily time-place learning task. J. Exp. Psychol. Anim. Behav. Process. 23 (1997) 232-247
25. Chiba A.A., Kesner R.P., and Reynolds A.M. Memory for spatial location as a function of temporal lag in rats, role of hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex. Behav. Neural. Biol. 61 (1994) 123-131
26. Clark R.E., West A.N., Zola S.M., and Squire L.R. Rats with lesions of the hippocampus are impaired on the delayed nonmatching-to-sample task. Hippocampus 11 (2001) 176-186
27. Clark R.E., Zola S.M., and Squire L.R. Impaired recognition memory in rats after damage to the hippocampus. J. Neurosci. 20 (2000) 8853-8860
28. Clayton N.S., and Dickinson A. Episodic-like memory during cache recovery by scrub jays. Nature 395 (1998) 272-274
29. Clayton N.S., Bussey T.J., and Dickinson A. Can animals recall the past and plan for the future?. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 4 (2003) 685-691
30. Clayton N.S., Griffiths D.P., Emery N.J., and Dickinson A. Elements of episodic-like memory in animals. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci. 356 (2001) 1483-1491
31. Clayton N.S., Yu K.S., and Dickinson A. Scrub jays (Aphelocoma coerulescens) form integrated memories of the multiple features of caching episodes. J. Exp. Psychol. Anim. Behav. Process. 27 (2001) 17-29
32. Clayton N.S., Yu K.S., and Dickinson A. Interacting cache memories, evidence for flexible memory use by Western Scrub-Jays (Aphelocoma californica). J. Exp. Psychol. Anim. Behav. Process. 29 (2003) 14-22
33. Cohen N.J., and Eichenbaum H. Memory, Amnesia and the Hippocampal System (1993), MIT Press, Cambridge
34. Cook R.G., Brown M.F., and Riley D.A. Flexible memory processing by rats: use of prospective and retrospective information in the radial maze. J. Exp. Psychol. Anim. Behav. Process. 11 (1985) 453-469
35. Corkin S. What's new with the amnesic patient H.M.?. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 3 (2002) 153-160
36. Cressant A., Muller R.U., and Poucet B. Failure of centrally placed objects to control the firing fields of hippocampal place cells. J. Neurosci. 17 (1997) 2531-2542
37. Cull-Candy S., Brickley S., and Farrant M. NMDA receptor subunits: diversity, development and disease. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 11 (2001) 327-335
38. Dally J.M., Emery N.J., and Clayton N.S. Cache protection strategies by Western Scrub-Jays (Aphelocoma californica): hiding food in the shade. Proc. Biol. Sci. 271 (2004) S387-S390
39. De Haan M., Mishkin M., Baldeweg T., and Vargha-Khadem F. Human memory development and its dysfunction after early hippocampal injury. Trends Neurosci. 29 (2006) 374-381
40. De Souza Silva M.A., Dolga A., Pieri I., Marchetti L., Eisel U.L., Huston J.P., and Dere E. Cholinergic cells in the nucleus basalis of mice express the N-methyl-d-aspartate-receptor subunit NR2C and its replacement by the NR2B subunit enhances frontal and amygdaloid acetylcholine levels. Genes Brain Behav. 5 (2006) 552-560
41. Dere E., De Souza Silva M.A., and Huston J.P. Higher order memories for objects encountered in different spatio-temporal contexts in mice: evidence for episodic memory. Rev. Neurosci. 15 (2004) 231-240
42. Dere E., De Souza Silva M.A., Topic B., Spieler R.E., Haas H.L., and Huston J.P. Histidine-decarboxylase knockout mice show deficient non-reinforced episodic object memory, improved negatively reinforced water-maze performance and increased neo- and ventro-striatal dopamine turnover. Learn. Mem. 10 (2003) 510-519
43. Dere E., Huston J.P., and De Souza Silva M.A. Integrated memory for objects, places and temporal order, evidence for episodic-like memory in mice. Neurobiol. Learn. Mem. 84 (2005) 214-221
44. Dere E., Huston J.P., and De Souza Silva M.A. Protocol, episodic-like memory in mice, simultaneous assessment of object, place and temporal order memory. Brain Res. Protoc. 16 (2005) 10-19
45. Dere E., Huston J.P., and De Souza Silva M.A. The pharmacology, neuroanatomy, and neurogenetics of one-trial object recognition in rodents. Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. 31 (2007) 673-704
46. Dere, E., Zlomuzica, A., Viggiano, D., Watanabe, T., Sadile, A.G., Huston, J.P. and De Souza-Silva, M.A. (2008) Episodic-like and procedural memory impairments in histamine H1-receptor knockout mice coincide with changes in acetylcholine esterase activity in the hippocampus and dopamine turnover in the cerebellum (in press).
47. Dingledine R., Borges K., Bowie D., and Traynelis S.F. The glutamate receptor ion channels. Pharmacol. Rev. 51 (1999) 7-61
48. Donald M. A Mind so Rare, the Evolution of Human Consciousness (2001), Norton, New York
49. Donaldson W. The role of decision processes in remembering and knowing. Mem. Cognit. 28 (1996) 523-533
50. Dudek S.M., and Bear M.F. Bidirectional long-term modification of synaptic effectiveness in the adult and immature hippocampus. J. Neurosci. 13 (1993) 2910-2918
51. Eacott M.J., Easton A., and Zinkivskay A. Recollection in an episodic-like memory task in the rat. Learn. Mem. 12 (2005) 221-223
52. Eacott M.J., and Norman G. Integrated memory for object, place, and context in rats, a possible model of episodic-like memory?. J. Neurosci. 24 (2004) 1948-1953
53. Eichenbaum H. The secret life of memories. Neuron 50 (2006) 1350-1352
54. Eichenbaum H., and Fortin N.J. Episodic memory and the hippocampus. It's about time. Curr. Dir. Psychol. Sci. 12 (2003) 53-57
55. Eichenbaum H., Fortin N.J., Ergorul C., Wright S.P., and Agster K.L. Episodic recollection in animals, "If it walks like a duck and quacks like a duck...". Learn. Motiv. 36 (2005) 190-207
56. Ellis J. Prospective memory or the realization of delayed intentions: a conceptual framework for research. In: Brandimonte M., Einstein G.O., and McDaniel M.A. (Eds). Prospective Memory: Theory and Applications (1996), Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Inc., Mahwah, NJ 1-22
57. Ennaceur A., and Aggleton J.P. Spontaneous recognition of object configurations in rats: effects of fornix lesions. Exp. Brain Res. 100 (1994) 85-92
58. Ennaceur A., and Delacour J. A new one-trial test for neurobiological studies of memory in rats. 1, behavioral data. Behav. Brain Res. 31 (1988) 47-59
59. Ennaceur A., Neave N., and Aggleton J.P. Neurotoxic lesions of the perirhinal cortex do not mimic the behavioural effects of fornix transection in the rat. Behav. Brain Res. 80 (1996) 9-25
60. Ennaceur A., Neave N., and Aggleton J.P. Spontaneous object recognition and object location memory in rats, the effects of lesions in the cingulate cortices, the medial prefrontal cortex, the cingulum bundle and the fornix. Exp. Brain Res. 113 (1997) 509-519
61. Ergorul C., and Eichenbaum H. The hippocampus and memory for "what," "where," and "when". Learn. Mem. 11 (2004) 397-405
62. Ferbinteanu J., and Shapiro M.L. Prospective and retrospective memory coding in the hippocampus. Neuron 40 (2003) 1227-1239
63. Fernandez F., and Garner C.C. Episodic-like memory in Ts65Dn, a mouse model of Down syndrome. Behav. Brain Res. 188 (2008) 233-237
64. Fliessbach K., Trautner P., Quesada C.M., Elger C.E., and Weber B. Cerebellar contributions to episodic memory encoding as revealed by fMRI. Neuroimage 35 (2007) 1330-1337
65. Fortin N.J., Agster K.L., and Eichenbaum H.B. Critical role of the hippocampus in memory for sequences of events. Nat. Neurosci. 5 (2002) 458-462
66. Fortin N.J., Wright S.P., and Eichenbaum H. Recollection-like memory retrieval in rats is dependent on the hippocampus. Nature 431 (2004) 188-191
67. Forwood S.E., Winters B.D., and Bussey T.J. Hippocampal lesions that abolish spatial maze performance spare object recognition memory at delays of up to 48 h. Hippocampus 15 (2005) 347-355
68. Friedman W.J. Memory for the time of past events. Psychol. Bull. 113 (1993) 44-66
69. Friedman W.J. Distance and location processes in the memory for the times of past events. In: Medin D.L. (Ed). The Psychology of Learning and Motivation Vol. 35 (1996), Academic Press, San Diego, CA 1-41
70. Fuster J.M. The prefrontal cortex-an update: time is of the essence. Neuron 30 (2001) 319-333
71. Gaffan D. Scene-specific memory for objects: a model of episodic memory impairment in monkeys with fornix transection. J. Cogn. Neurosci. 6 (1994) 305-320
72. Gallup G. Self-awareness and the emergence of mind in primates. Am. J. Primatol. 2 (1982) 237-248
73. Garbarg M., Javoy-Agid F., Schwartz J.C., and Agid Y. Brain histidine decarboxylase activity in Parkinson's disease. Lancet 1 (1983) 74-75
74. Gardiner J.M. Episodic memory and autonoetic consciousness, a first-person approach. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci. 356 (2001) 1351-1361
75. Gaskin S., Tremblay A., and Mumby D.G. Retrograde and anterograde object recognition in rats with hippocampal lesions. Hippocampus 13 (2003) 962-969
76. Gilbert P.E., and Kesner R.P. Memory for objects and their locations, the role of the hippocampus in retention of object-place associations. Neurobiol. Learn. Mem. 81 (2004) 39-45
77. Gonsalves B., and Paller K.A. Mistaken memories, remembering events that never happened. Neuroscientist 8 (2002) 391-395
78. Griffin D.R., and Speck G.B. New evidence of animal consciousness. Anim. Cogn. 7 (2004) 5-18
79. Griffiths D.P., and Clayton N.S. Testing episodic memory in animals. Phys. Behav. 73 (2001) 755-762
80. Hammond R.S., Tull L.E., and Stackman R.W. On the delay-dependent involvement of the hippocampus in object recognition memory. Neurobiol. Learn. Mem. 82 (2004) 26-34
81. Hampton R.R. Rhesus monkeys know when they remember. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 98 (2001) 5359-5362
82. Hampton R.R., Hampstead B.M., and Murray E.A. Rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) demonstrate robust memory for what and where, but not when, in an open-field test of memory. Learn. Motiv. 36 (2005) 245-259
83. Hampton R.R., and Schwartz B.L. Episodic memory in nonhumans, what, and where, is when?. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 14 (2004) 192-197
84. Han J.S., Gallagher M., and Holland P. Hippocampal lesions enhance configural learning by reducing proactive interference. Hippocampus 8 (1998) 138-146
85. Hannesson D.K., Howland J.G., and Phillips A.G. Interaction between perirhinal and medial prefrontal cortex is required for temporal order but not recognition memory for objects in rats. J. Neurosci. 24 (2004) 4596-4604
86. Holscher C. Synaptic plasticity and learning and memory: LTP and beyond. J. Neurosci. Res. 58 (1999) 62-75
87. Hopkins R.O., Waldram K., and Kesner R.P. Sequences assessed by declarative and procedural tests of memory in amnesic patients with hippocampal damage. Neuropsychologia 42 (2004) 1877-1886
88. Hunsaker M.R., Lee B., and Kesner R.P. Evaluating the temporal context of episodic memory: The role of CA3 and CA1. Behav. Brain Res. 188 (2008) 310-315
89. Hupbach A., Gomez R., Hardt O., and Nadel L. Reconsolidation of episodic memories: a subtle reminder triggers integration of new information. Learn. Mem. 14 (2007) 47-53
90. Ito R., Everitt B.J., and Robbins T.W. The hippocampus and appetitive Pavlovian conditioning, effects of excitotoxic hippocampal lesions on conditioned locomotor activity and autoshaping. Hippocampus 15 (2005) 713-721
91. Jeffery K.J. Remembrance of futures past. Trends Cogn. Sci. 8 (2004) 197-199
92. Johnson J.W., and Ascher P. Glycine potentiates the NMDA response in cultured mouse brain neurons. Nature 325 (1987) 529-531
93. Kametani H., and Kesner R.P. Retrospective and prospective coding of information: dissociation of parietal cortex and hippocampal formation. Behav. Neurosci. 103 (1989) 84-89
94. Kart-Teke E., Dere E., Huston J.P., and De Souza Silva M.A. Reinstatement of episodic-like memory in rats by NK-1 receptor antagonism. Neurobiol. Learn. Mem. 87 (2007) 324-331
95. Kart-Teke E., De Souza-Silva M.A., Huston J.P., and Dere E. Wistar rats show episodic-like memory for unique experiences. Neurobiol. Learn. Mem. 85 (2006) 173-182
96. Kemp A., and Manahan-Vaughan D. Hippocampal long-term depression and long-term potentiation encode different aspects of novelty acquisition. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 101 (2004) 8192-8197
97. Kesner R.P. Retrospective and prospective coding of information: role of the medial prefrontal cortex. Exp. Brain Res. 74 (1989) 163-167
98. Kesner R.P., and DeSpain M.J. Correspondence between rats and humans in the utilization of retrospective and prospective codes. Anim. Learn. Behav. 16 (1988) 299-302
99. Kesner R.P., and Holbrook T. Dissociation of item and order spatial memory in rats following medial prefrontal cortex lesions. Neuropsychologia 25 (1987) 653-664
100. Kesner R.P., and Hopkins R.O. Mnemonic functions of the hippocampus: a comparison between animals and humans. Biol. Psychol. 73 (2006) 3-18
101. Kesner R.P., Hopkins R.O., and Fineman B. Item and order dissociation in humans with prefrontal cortex damage. Neuropsychologia 32 (1994) 881-891
102. Kesner R.P., Lee I., and Gilbert P. A behavioral assessment of hippocampal function based on a subregional analysis. Rev. Neurosci. 15 (2004) 333-351
103. Kopelman M.D., Wilson B.A., and Baddeley A.D. The autobiographical memory interview: a new assessment of autobiographical and personal semantic memory in amnesic patients. J. Clin. Exp. Neuropsychol. 11 (1989) 724-744
104. Land C., and Riccio D.C. d-cycloserine: effects on long-term retention of a conditioned response and on memory for contextual attributes. Neurobiol. Learn. Mem. 72 (1999) 158-168
105. Li J.S., and Chao Y.S. Electrolytic lesions of dorsal CA3 impair episodic-like memory in rats. Neurobiol. Learn. Mem. 89 (2008) 192-198
106. Lynch M.A. Long-term potentiation and memory. Physiol. Rev. 84 (2004) 87-136
107. Manns J.R., and Eichenbaum H. Evolution of declarative memory. Hippocampus 16 (2006) 795-808
108. Martin G.M., Evans J.H., Harley C.W., and Skinner D.M. Lost in time: rats are unable to return to a start location that varies. Connect. Sci. 17 (2005) 127-144
109. Martin S.J., and Morris R.G. New life in an old idea: the synaptic plasticity and memory hypothesis revisited. Hippocampus 12 (2002) 609-636
110. Mazurkiewicz-Kwilecki I., and Nsonwah S. Changes in the regional brain histamine and histidine levels in postmortem brains of Alzheimer patients. Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol. 67 (1989) 75-78
111. Mazurkiewicz-Kwilecki I.M., and Prell G.D. Age-related changes in brain histamine. Agents Actions 14 (1984) 554-557
112. McAndrews M.P., and Milner B. The frontal cortex and memory for temporal order. Neuropsychologia 29 (1991) 849-859
113. McCormack T. In time and memory. In: Mccormack T., and Hoerl C. (Eds). Issues in Philosphy and Psychology (2001), Clarendon, Oxford 285-314
114. McKenzie T.L.B., Bird L.R., and Roberts W.A. The effects of cache modification on food caching and retrieval behavior by rats. Learn. Motiv. 36 (2005) 260-278
115. Menzel C.R. Unprompted recall and reporting of hidden objects by a chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) after extended delays. J. Comp. Psychol. 113 (1999) 426-434
116. Mercado E., Murray S.O., Uyeyama R.K., Pack A.A., and Herman L.M. Memory for recent actions in the bottlenosed dolphin (Tursiops truncates), repetition of arbitrary behaviors using an abstract rule. Anim. Learn. Behav. 26 (1998) 210-218
117. Milner B. The medial temporal-lobe amnesic syndrome. Psychiatr. Clin. North Am. 28 (2005) 599-611
118. Mitchell J.B., and Laiacona J. The medial frontal cortex and temporal memory, tests using spontaneous exploratory behaviour in the rat. Behav. Brain Res. 97 (1998) 107-113
119. Molinari M., Leggio M.G., Solida A., Corra R., Misciagna S., Silveri M.C., and Petrosini L. Cerebellum and procedural learning: evidence from focal cerebellar lesions. Brain 120 (1997) 1753-1762
120. Morisset S., Traiffort E., and Schwartz J.C. Inhibition of histamine versus acetylcholine metabolism as a mechanism of tacrine activity. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 315 (1996) R1-R2
121. Morris R.G., Garrud P., Rawlins J.N., and O'Keefe J. Place navigation impaired in rats with hippocampal lesions. Nature 297 (1982) 681-683
122. Morris R.G. Elements of a neurobiological theory of hippocampal function: the role of synaptic plasticity, synaptic tagging and schemas. Eur. J. Neurosci. 23 (2006) 2829-2846
123. Moscovitch M., Rosenbaum R.S., Gilboa A., Addis D.R., Westmacott R., Grady C., McAndrews M.P., Levine B., Black S., Winocur G., and Nadel L. Functional neuroanatomy of remote episodic, semantic and spatial memory, a unified account based on multiple trace theory. J. Anat. 207 (2005) 35-66
124. Mumby D.G., Gaskin S., Glenn M.J., Schramek T.E., and Lehmann H. Hippocampal damage and exploratory preferences in rats, memory for objects, places, and contexts. Learn. Mem. 9 (2002) 49-57
125. Nader K., Schafe G.E., and LeDoux J.E. The labile nature of consolidation theory. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 1 (2000) 216-219
126. Nakamura S., Takemura M., Ohnishi K., Suenaga T., Nishimura M., Akiguchi I., Kimura J., and Kimura T. Loss of large neurons and occurrence of neurofibrillary tangles in the tuberomammillary nucleus of patients with Alzheimer's disease. Neurosci. Lett. 151 (1993) 196-199
127. Nakanishi S., and Masu M. Molecular diversity and functions of glutamate receptors. Annu. Rev. Biophys. Biomol. Struct. 23 (1994) 319-348
128. Nelson K. Emergence of autobiographical memory at age 4. Hum. Dev. 35 (1992) 172-177
129. Nelson T.O. Metacognition and consciousness. Am. Psychol. 51 (1996) 102-116
130. Ninokura Y., Mushiake H., and Tanji J. Representation of the temporal order of visual objects in the primate lateral prefrontal cortex. J. Neurophysiol. 89 (2003) 2868-2873
131. Ninokura Y., Mushiake H., and Tanji J. Integration of temporal order and object information in the monkey lateral prefrontal cortex. J. Neurophysiol. 91 (2004) 555-560
132. Nishibori M., Oishi R., Itoh Y., and Saeki K. 9-Amino-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroacridine is a potent inhibitor of histamine N-methyltransferase. Jpn. J. Pharmacol. 55 (1991) 539-546
133. Nittby H., Grafström G., Tian D.P., Malmgren L., Brun A., Persson B.R., Salford L.G., and Eberhardt J. Cognitive impairment in rats after long-term exposure to GSM-900 mobile phone radiation. Bioelectromagnetics 29 (2008) 219-232
134. Norman G., and Eacott M.J. Dissociable effects of lesions to the perirhinal cortex and the postrhinal cortex on memory for context and objects in rats. Behav. Neurosci. 119 (2005) 557-566
135. Noulhiane M., Piolino P., Hasboun D., Clemenceau S., Baulac M., and Samson S. Autobiographical memory after temporal lobe resection: neuropsychological and MRI volumetric findings. Brain 130 (2007) 3184-3199
136. Ohno M., and Watanabe S. d-cycloserine, a glycine site agonist, reverses working memory failure by hippocampal muscarinic receptor blockade in rats. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 318 (1996) 267-271
137. Panula P., Rinne J., Kuokkanen K., Eriksson K.S., Sallmen T., Kalimo H., and Relja M. Neuronal histamine deficit in Alzheimer's disease. Neuroscience 82 (1998) 993-997
138. Parker B.K. Reproductive memory of two-event sequences in pigeons. J. Exp. Anal. Behav. 41 (1984) 135-141
139. Paz-Y-Mino C.G., Bond A.B., Kamil A.C., and Balda R.P. Pinyon jays use transitive inference to predict social dominance. Nature 430 (2004) 778-781
140. Pitkanen A., Pikkarainen M., Nurminen N., and Ylinen A. Reciprocal connections between the amygdala and the hippocampal formation, perirhinal cortex, and postrhinal cortex in rat. A review. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 911 (2000) 369-391
141. Pussinen R., and Sirviö J. Effects of d-cycloserine, a positive modulator of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors, and ST 587, a putative alpha-1 adrenergic agonist, individually and in combination, on the non-delayed and delayed foraging behaviour of rats assessed in the radial arm maze. J. Psychopharmacol. 13 (1999) 171-179
142. Rampon C., Tang Y.P., Goodhouse J., Shimizu E., Kyin M., and Tsien J.Z. Enrichment induces structural changes and recovery from nonspatial memory deficits in CA1 NMDAR1-knockout mice. Nat. Neurosci. 3 (2000) 238-244
143. Randolph C., Roberts J.W., Tierney M.C., Bravi D., Mouradian M.M., and Chase T.N. d-cycloserine treatment of Alzheimer disease. Alzheimer Dis. Assoc. Disord. 8 (1994) 198-205
144. Riekkinen Jr. P., Ikonen S., and Riekkinen M. Tetrahydroaminoacridine, a cholinesterase inhibitor, and d-cycloserine, a partial NMDA receptor-associated glycine site agonist, enhances acquisition of spatial navigation. Neuroreport 9 (1998) 1633-1637
145. Rinne J.O., Anichtchik O.V., Eriksson K.S., Kaslin J., Tuomisto L., Kalimo H., Röyttä M., and Panula P. Increased brain histamine levels in Parkinson's disease but not in multiple system atrophy. J. Neurochem. 81 (2002) 954-960
146. Roberts W.A. Principles of Animal Cognition (1998), McGraw Hill, Boston
147. Roberts W.A. Are animals stuck in time?. Psychol. Bull. 128 (2002) 473-489
148. Sabe L., Jason L., Juejati M., Leiguarda R., and Starkstein S.E. Dissociation between declarative and procedural learning in dementia and depression. J. Clin. Exp. Neuropsychol. 17 (1995) 841-848
149. Saint-Cyr J.A., Taylor A.E., and Lang A.E. Procedural learning and neostriatal dysfunction in man. Brain 111 (1988) 941-959
150. Saper C.B., and German D.C. Hypothalamic pathology in Alzheimer's disease. Neurosci. Lett. 74 (1987) 364-370
151. Sato N., and Yamaguchi Y. Online formation of a hierarchical cognitive map for object-place association by theta phase coding. Hippocampus 15 (2005) 963-978
152. Schlett K., Pieri I., Metzger F., Marchetti L., Steigerwald F., Dere E., Kirilly D., Tarnok K., Barabas B., Varga A.K., Gerspach J., Huston J., Pfizenmaier K., Kohr G., and Eisel U.L. Long-term NR2B expression in the cerebellum alters granule cell development and leads to NR2A down-regulation and motor deficits. Mol. Cell. Neurosci. 27 (2004) 215-226
153. Schuster G.M., and Schmidt W.J. d-cycloserine reverses the working memory impairment of hippocampal-lesioned rats in a spatial learning task. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 224 (1992) 97-98
154. Schwartz B.L., and Evans S. Episodic memory in primates. Am. J. Primatol. 55 (2001) 71-85
155. Schwartz B.L., Hashtroudi S., Herting R.L., Schwartz P., and Deutsch S.I. d-cycloserine enhances implicit memory in Alzheimer patients. Neurology 46 (1996) 420-424
156. Schwartz B.L., Hoffman M., and Evans S. Episodic-like memory in a gorilla, a review and new findings. Learn. Motiv. 36 (2005) 226-244
157. Schwartz B.L., Meissner C.A., Hoffman M., Evans S., and Frazier L.D. Event memory and misinformation effects in a gorilla (Gorilla gorilla gorilla). Anim. Cogn. 7 (2004) 93-100
158. Silberberg A., Widholm J.J., Bresler D., Fujita K., and Anderson J.R. Natural choice in nonhuman primates. J. Exp. Psychol. Anim. Behav. Proc. 24 (1998) 215-228
159. Small B.J., Mobly J.L., Laukka E.J., Jones S., and Backman L. Cognitive deficits in preclinical Alzheimer's disease. Acta Neurol. Scand. 179 (2003) 29-33
160. Sole L.M., Shettleworth S.J., and Bennett P.J. Uncertainty in pigeons. Psychon. Bull. Rev. 10 (2003) 738-745
161. Squire L.R., Stark C.E., and Clark R.E. The medial temporal lobe. Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 27 (2004) 279-306
162. Stepankova K., Fenton A.A., Pastalkova E., Kalina M., and Bohbot V.D. Object-location memory impairment in patients with thermal lesions to the right or left hippocampus. Neuropsychologia 42 (2004) 1017-1028
163. Suddendorf T., and Busby J. Mental time travel in animals?. Trends Cogn. Sci. 7 (2003) 391-396
164. Suddendorf T., and Corballis M.C. Mental time travel and the evolution of the human mind. Genet. Soc. Gen. Psychol. Monogr. 123 (1997) 133-167
165. Swanson L.W. A direct projection from Ammon's horn to prefrontal cortex in the rat. Brain Res. 217 (1981) 150-154
166. Tang Y.P., Shimizu E., Dube G.R., Rampon C., Kerchner G.A., Zhuo M., Liu G., and Tsien J.Z. Genetic enhancement of learning and memory in mice. Nature 401 (1999) 63-69
167. Tang Y.P., Wang H., Feng R., Kyin M., and Tsien J.Z. Differential effects of enrichment on learning and memory function in NR2B transgenic mice. Neuropharmacology 41 (2001) 779-790
168. Tsai G.E., Falk W.E., Gunther J., and Coyle J.T. Improved cognition in Alzheimer's disease with short-term d-cycloserine treatment. Am. J. Psychiatr. 156 (1999) 467-469
169. Tsien J.Z. Brain region-specific and temporally restricted gene knockout using the Cre recombinase system. In: Crusio W.E., and Gerlai R.T. (Eds). Handbook of Molecular-Genetic Techniques for Brain and Behavior Research (1999), Elsevier Science BV Chapter 3.1.3
170. Tulving E. Memory and conciousness. Can. Psychol. 26 (1985) 1-12
171. Tulving E. Episodic memory and common sense: how far apart?. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci. 356 (2001) 1505-1515
172. Tulving E. Episodic memory, from mind to brain. Annu. Rev. Psychol. 53 (2002) 1-25
173. Tulving E. Chronesthesia: concious awareness of subjective time. In: Stuss D.T., and Knight R.C. (Eds). Principles of Frontal Lobe Function (2002), Oxford University Press, New York
174. Tulving E., and Markowitsch H.J. Episodic and declarative memory: role of the hippocampus. Hippocampus 8 (1998) 198-204
175. Tulving E., Schacter D.L., McLachlan D.R., and Moscovitch M. Priming of semantic autobiographical knowledge, a case study of retrograde amnesia. Brain Cogn. 8 (1988) 3-20
176. Urcuioli P.J., and Zentall T.R. Retrospective coding in pigeons' delayed matching-to-sample. J. Exp. Psychol. Anim. Behav. Process. 12 (1986) 69-77
177. Vargha-Khadem F., Gadian D.G., Watkins K.E., Connelly A., Van Paesschen W., and Mishkin M. Differential effects of early hippocampal pathology on episodic and semantic memory. Science 277 (1997) 376-380
178. Wais P.E., Mickes L., and Wixted J.T. Remember/know judgments probe degrees of memory strength. J. Cog. Neurosci. 20 (2008) 1-6
179. Wan H., Aggleton J.P., and Brown M.W. Different contributions of the hippocampus and perirhinal cortex to recognition memory. J. Neurosci. 19 (1999) 1142-1148
180. Wheeler M.A., and Stuss D.T. Remembering and knowing in patients with frontal lobe injuries. Cortex 39 (2003) 827-846
181. Whiten A., and Byrne R.W. Tactical deception in primates. Behav. Brain Sci. 11 (1988) 233-273
182. Winters B.D., and Bussey T.J. Transient inactivation of perirhinal cortex disrupts encoding, retrieval, and consolidation of object recognition memory. J. Neurosci. 25 (2005) 52-61
183. Winters B.D., Forwood S.E., Cowell R.A., Saksida L.M., and Bussey T.J. Double dissociation between the effects of peri-postrhinal cortex and hippocampal lesions on tests of object recognition and spatial memory: heterogeneity of function within the temporal lobe. J. Neurosci. 24 (2004) 5901-5908
184. Wood F.B., Brown I.S., and Felton R.H. Long-term follow up of a childhood amnesic syndrome. Brain Cognit. 10 (1989) 76-86
185. Xu S.J., Chen Z., Zhu L.J., Shen H.Q., and Luo J.H. Visual recognition memory is related to basic expression level of NMDA receptor NR1/NR2B subtype in hippocampus and striatum of rats. Acta Pharmacol. Sin. 26 (2005) 177-180
186. Yonelinas A.P. Components of episodic memory: the contribution of recollection and familiarity. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci. 356 (2001) 1363-1374
187. Yonelinas A.P. The nature of recollection and familiarity, a review of 30 years of research. J. Mem. Lang. 46 (2002) 441-517
188. Zentall T.R. Animals may not be stuck in time. Learn. Motiv. 36 (2005) 208-225
189. Zentall T.R. Mental time travel in animals: a challenging question. Behav. Processes 72 (2006) 173-183
190. Zentall T.R., Clement T.S., Bhatt R.S., and Allen J. Episodic-like memory in pigeons. Psychon. Bull. Rev. 8 (2001) 685-690
191. Zhu X.O., Brown M.W., and Aggleton J.P. Neuronal signalling of information important to visual recognition memory in rat rhinal and neighbouring cortices. Eur. J. Neurosci. 7 (1995) 753-765
192. Zhu X.O., Brown M.W., McCabe B.J., and Aggleton J.P. Effects of the novelty or familiarity of visual stimuli on the expression of the immediate early gene c-fos in rat brain. Neuroscience 69 (1995) 821-829
193. Zlomuzica A., De Souza Silva M.A., Huston J.P., and Dere E. NMDA receptor modulation by d-cycloserine promotes episodic-like memory in mice. Psychopharmacology 193 (2007) 503-509