Reply – reconsolidation: The labile nature of consolidation theory

Nature Reviews Neuroscience

Volumn 1, Issue 3, 2000, Pages 216-219

  Nader, Karim ^a   Schafe, Glenn E ^a   LeDoux, Joseph E ^a  

^a NEW YORK UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AMNESIA; ANIMAL; BIOLOGICAL MODEL; BRAIN; CONDITIONING; HUMAN; MEMORY; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PHYSIOLOGY; REVIEW;

AMNESIA; ANIMALS; BRAIN; CONDITIONING (PSYCHOLOGY); HUMANS; MEMORY; MODELS, NEUROLOGICAL;

EID: 0034571503     PISSN: 1471003X     EISSN: 14710048     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/35044580     Document Type: Article

References (48)

1. Müller, G. E. & Pilzecker, A. Experimentelle beitrage zur lehre vom gedachtnis. Z. Psychol. S1, 1-288 (1900).
2. Hebb, D. O. The organization of behavior (Wiley, New York, 1949).
3. Nader, K., Schafe, G. E. & LeDoux, J. E. Fear memories require protein synthesis in the amygdala for reconsolidation after retrieval. Nature 406, 722-726 (2000).
4. Sara, S. J. Retrieval and reconsolidation: toward a Neurobiology of remembering. Learn. Mem. 7, 73-84 (2000).
5. Moscovitch, M. & Nadel, L. Consolidation and the hippocampal complex revisited: in defense of the multiple-trace model. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 8, 297-300 (1998).
6. Nadel, L. & Land, C. Memory traces revisited. Nature Rev. Neurosci. 1, 209-212 (2000).
7. Miller, R. & Matzel, L. D. Memory involves far more than 'consolidation'. Nature Rev. Neurosci. 1, 214-216 (2000).
8. Sara, S. Strengthening the shaky trace through retrieval. Nature Rev. Neurosci. 1, 212-213 (2000).
9. Squire, L. R. Memory and the hippocampus: a synthesis from findings with rats, monkeys, and humans. Psychol. Rev. 99, 195-231 (1992); erratum 99, 582 (1992).
10. McClelland, J. L., McNaughton, B. L. & O'Reilly, R. C. Why there are complementary learning systems in the hippocampus and neocortex: insights from the successes and failures of connectionist models of learning and memory. Psychol. Rev. 102, 419-457 (1995).
11. Knowlton, B. J. & Fanselow, M. S. The hippocampus, consolidation and on-line memory. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 8, 293-296 (1998).
12. Cahill, L. & McGaugh, J. L. Modulation of memory storage. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 6, 237-242 (1996).
13. DeZazzo, J. & Tully, T. Dissection of memory formation: from behavioral pharmacology to molecular genetics. Trends Neurosci. 18, 212-218 (1995).
14. Dudai, Y. & Morris, R. in Brain, Perception, Memory. Advances in Cognitive Sciences (ed. Bolhius, J.) (Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford, in the press).
15. Bailey, C. H., Bartsch, D. & Kandel, E. R. Toward a molecular definition of long-term memory storage. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 93, 13445-13452 (1996).
16. Davis, H. P. & Squire, L. R. Protein synthesis and memory. A review. Psychol. Bull. 96, 518-559 (1984).
17. Agranoff, B. W. in Basic Neurochemistry (eds Siegel, G. J., Albers, R. W., Agranoff, B. W. & Catzman, R.) 801-820 (Little, Brown, Boston, 1981).
18. Flexner, L. B., Flexner, J. B. & Stellar, E. Memory and cerebral protein synthesis in mice as affected by graded amounts of puromycin. Exp. Neurol. 13, 264-272 (1965).
19. McGaugh, J. L. Memory — a century of consolidation. Science 287, 248-251 (2000).
20. Munoz, C. & Grossman, S. P. Spatial discrimination, reversal and active or passive avoidance learning in rats with KA-induced neuronal depletions in dorsal hippocampus. Brain Res. Bull. 6, 399-406 (1981).
21. Quevedo, J. et al. Two time windows of anisomycin- induced amnesia for inhibitory avoidance training in rats: protection from amnesia by pretraining but not pre-exposure to the task apparatus. Learn. Mem. 6, 600-607 (1999).
22. Roozendaal, B., Quirarte, G. L. & McGaugh, J. L. Stress- activated hormonal systems and the regulation of memory storage. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 821, 247-258 (1997).
23. McGaugh, J. L., Cahill, L. & Roozendaal, B. Involvement of the amygdala in memory storage: interaction with other brain systems. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 93, 13508-13514 (1996).
24. McGaugh, J. L. Involvement of hormonal and neuromodulatory systems in the regulation of memory storage. Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 12, 255-287 (1989).
25. Wilensky, A. E., Schafe, G. E. & LeDoux, J. E. The amygdala modulates memory consolidation of fear- motivated inhibitory avoidance learning but not classical fear conditioning. J. Neurosci. 20, 7059-7066 (2000).
26. Wilensky, A. E., Schafe, G. E. & LeDoux, J. E. Functional inactivation of the amygdala before but not after auditory fear conditioning prevents memory formation. J. Neurosci. 19, RC48 (1999).
27. Schafe, G. E. & LeDoux, J. E. Memory consolidation of Pavlovian fear conditioning is dependent on protein synthesis and PKA in the lateral and basal amygdala. J. Neurosci. 20, RC96 (2000).
28. Cahill, L., Weinberger, N. M., Roozendaal, B. & McGaugh, J. L. Is the amygdala a locus of 'conditioned fear'? Some questions and caveats. Neuron 23, 227-228 (1999).
29. Dudai, Y. Consolidation: Fragility on the road to the engram. Neuron 17, 367-370 (1996).
30. Duncan, C. P. The retroactive effect of electroconvulsive shock. J. Comp. Physiol. Psychol. 42, 32-44 (1949).
31. McGaugh, J. L. Time-dependent processes in memory storage. Science 153, 1351-1358 (1966).
32. Misanin, J. R., Miller, R. R. & Lewis, D. J. Retrograde amnesia produced by electroconvulsive shock after reactivation of a consolidated memory trace. Science 160, 203-204 (1968).
33. Dawson, R. G. & McGaugh, J. L. Electroconvulsive shock effects on a reactivated memory trace: Further examination. Science 166, 525-527 (1969).
34. Gordon, W. C. & Spear, N. E. Effect of reactivation of a previously acquired memory on the interaction between memories. J. Exp. Psychol. 99, 349-355 (1973).
35. Fanselow, M. S. & LeDoux, J. E. Why we think plasticity underlying Pavlovian fear conditioning occurs in the basolateral amygdala. Neuron 23, 229-232 (1999).
36. LeDoux, J. E. Emotion circuits in the brain. Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 23, 155-184 (2000).
37. Rescorla, R. A. Pavlovian Second-Order Conditioning: Studies in Associative Learning (Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Hillsdale, New Jersey, 1980).
38. Nadel, L. & Moscovitch, M. Memory consolidation, retrograde amnesia and the hippocampal complex. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 7, 217-227 (1997).
39. Miller, R. & Springer, A. Implications of recovery from experimental amnesia. Psychol. Rev. 81, 470-473 (1974).
40. Gold, P. E. & King, R. A. Retrograde amnesia: Storage failure versus retrieval failure. Psychol. Rev. 81, 465-495 (1974).
41. Milner, B., Squire, L. R. & Kandel, E. R. Cognitive neuroscience and the study of memory. Neuron 20, 445-468 (1998).
42. LeDoux, J. E. The Emotional Brain (Simon & Schuster, New York, 1996).
43. Cherkin, A. Retrograde amnesia in the chick: resistance to the reminder. Physiol. Behav. 8, 949-955 (1972).
44. Springer, A. D. & Miller, R. R. Retrieval failure induced by electroconvulsive shock: Reversal with dissimilar training and recovery agents. Science 177, 628-630 (1972).
45. Martin, K. C. et al. Synapse-specific, long-term facilitation of aplysia sensory to motor synapses: a function for local protein synthesis in memory storage. Cell 91, 927-938 (1997).
46. Frey, U. & Morris, R. G. Synaptic tagging and long-term potentiation. Nature 385, 533-536 (1997).
47. Lewis, D. J. Psychobiology of active and inactive memory. Psychol. Bull. 86, 1054-1083 (1979).
48. Schacter, D. L. The seven sins of memory. Insights from psychology and cognitive neuroscience. Am. Psychol. 54, 182-203 (1999).