Inflammation and the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration

Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets

Volumn 13, Issue 6, 2009, Pages 641-651

  Augustin, Albert J ^a,b   Kirchhof, Janna ^a  

^a STÄDTISCHES KLINIKUM KARLSRUHE   (Germany)

^b JOHANNES GUTENBERG UNIVERSITY   (Germany)

Author keywords

Bruch's membrane; Drusen; Polymorphism; RPE dysfunction; Y402H

Indexed keywords

C REACTIVE PROTEIN; CHEMOKINE RECEPTOR CX3CR1; REACTIVE OXYGEN METABOLITE;

BRUCH MEMBRANE; CHLAMYDOPHILA PNEUMONIAE; CHOROID; CHROMOSOME 1; DRUSEN; GENETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY; HUMAN; IMMUNE SYSTEM; INFLAMMATION; NONHUMAN; OBESITY; OXIDATIVE STRESS; PATHOGENESIS; PREVALENCE; RETINA MACULA AGE RELATED DEGENERATION; REVIEW; RISK FACTOR; SMOKING;

GENETIC PREDISPOSITION TO DISEASE; HUMANS; INFLAMMATION; MACULAR DEGENERATION;

EID: 67649583541     PISSN: 14728222     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1517/14728220902942322     Document Type: Review

References (60)

1. Pagenstecher H, Genth C. Atlas der Pathologischen Anatomie des Augapfels. Wiesbaden: Kreidel, 1875
2. Nettleship E. Central areolar choroidal atrophy. Eye 1884;4:165-166
3. Treatment of age-related macular degeneration with photodynamic therapy (TAP) Study Group. Photodynamic therapy of subfoveal choroidal neovascularization in age-related macular degeneration with verteporfin: one-year results of 2 randomized clinical trials-TAP report. Arch Ophthalmol 1999;117:1329-1345
4. Verteporfin in Photodynamic Therapy study group. Verteporfin therapy of subfoveal choroidal neovascularization in age-related macular degeneration: two-year results of a randomized clinical trial including lesions with occult with no classic choroidal neovascularization-verteporfin in photodynamic therapy report 2. Am J Ophthalmol 2001;131:541-560
5. Friedman DS, O'Colmain BJ, Muñoz B, et al. Prevalence of Age-Related Macular Degeneration in the United States. Arch Ophthalmol 2004;122:564-572 (Pubitemid 38456293)
6. Congdon N, O'Colmain B, Klaver CC, et al. Causes and prevalence of visual impairment among adults in the United States. Arch Ophthalmol 2004;122:477-485 (Pubitemid 38456282)
7. Augood CA, Vingerling JR, de Jong PT, et al. Prevalence of age-related maculopathy in older Europeans: The European Eye Study (EurEye). Arch Ophthalmol 2006;124:529-535
8. Klein R, Peto T, Bird A, Vannewkirk MR. The epidemiology of age-related macular degeneration. Am J Ophthalmol 2004;137:486-495 (Pubitemid 38328641)
9. Rodrigues EB. Inflammation in dry age-related macular degeneration. Ophthalmologica 2007;221:143-152 (Pubitemid 46631914)
10. Thornton J, Edwards R, Mitchell P, et al. Smoking and age-related macular degeneration: a review of association. Eye 2005;19:935-944 (Pubitemid 43114972)
11. Neuner B, Wellmann J, Dasch B, et al. Modeling smoking history: a comparison of different approaches in the MARS study on age-related maculopathy. Ann Epidemiol 2007;17:615-621 (Pubitemid 47088290)
12. Wang JJ, Ross RJ, Tuo J, et al. The LOC387715 polymorphism, inflammatory markers, smoking, and age-related macular degeneration. A population-based case-control study. Ophthalmology 2008;115:693-699
13. Wang JJ, Rochtchina E, Smith W, et al. Combined effects of complement factor H genotypes, fish consumption, and inflammatory markers on long-term risk for age-related macular degeneration in a cohort. Am J Epidemiol 2009;169:633-641
14. Klein RL, Zeiss C, Chew EY, et al. Complement factor H polymorphism in age-related macular degeneration. Science 2005;308:385-389 (Pubitemid 40530070)
15. Edwards AO, Ritter R 3rd, Abel KJ, et al. Complement factor H polymorphism and age-related macular degeneration. Science 2005;308:362-364
16. Haines JL, Hauser MA, Schmidt S, et al. Complement factor H variant increases the risk of age-related macular degeneration. Science 2005;308:419-421 (Pubitemid 40530081)
17. Hageman GS, Anderson DH, Johnson LV. A common haplotype in the complement regulatory gene factor H (HF1/CFH) predisposes individuals to age-related macular degeneration. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2005;102:7227-7232 (Pubitemid 40696361)
18. Penfold PL, Madigan MC, Gillies MC, Provis JM. Immunological and aetiological aspects of macular degeneration. Prog Retin Eye Res 2001;20:385-414 (Pubitemid 32245687)
19. Beatty S, Koh H, Phil M, et al. The role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration. Surv Ophthalmol 2000;45:115-134 (Pubitemid 30738400)
20. Rikans LE, Moore DR. Effect of aging on aqueous-phase antioxidants in tissues of male Fischer rats. Biochim Biophys Acta 1988;966:269-275 (Pubitemid 18211154)
21. Vandewoude MFJ, Vandewoude MG. Vitamin E status in a normal population: the influence of age. J Am Coll Nutr 1987;6:307-311 (Pubitemid 18201290)
22. Castorina C, Campisi A, Di Giacomo C. Lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymatic systems in rat retina as a function of age. Neurochem Res 1992;17:599-604
23. Feeney-Burns L, Hilderbrand ES, Eldridge S. Aging human RPE: morphometric analysis of macular, equatorial, and peripheral cells. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1984;25:195-200 (Pubitemid 14192704)
24. Young RW. Solar radiation and age-related macular degeneration. Surv Ophthalmol 1988;32:252-269 (Pubitemid 18066235)
25. Winkler BS, Boulton ME, Gottsch JD, Sternberg P. Oxidative damage and age-related macular degeneration. Mol Vis 1999;5:32
26. Boekhoorn SS, Vingerling JR, Witteman JC, et al. C-reactive protein level and risk of aging macula disorder: The Rotterdam Study. Arch Ophthalmol 2007;125:1396-1401 (Pubitemid 47606607)
27. Taylor HR, West S, Munoz B, et al. The long-term effects of visible light on the eye. Arch Ophthalmol 1992;110:99-104
28. Cruickshanks KJ, Klein R, Klein BE. Sunlight and the 5-year incidence of early age-related maculopathy: The Beaver Dam Eye study. Arch Ophthalmol 2001;119:246-250 (Pubitemid 32147933)
29. Hollyfield JG, Bonilha VL, Rayborn ME, et al. Oxidative damage-induced inflammation initiates age-related macular degeneration. Nature Medicine 2008;14:194-198 (Pubitemid 351214555)
30. Ramrattan RS, van der Schaft TL, Mooy CM, et al. Morphometric analysis of Bruch's membrane, the choriocapillaris, and the choroid in aging. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1994;35:2857-2864 (Pubitemid 24149800)
31. Pauleikhoff D, Harper CA, Marshall J. Aging changes in Bruch's membrane. A histochemical and morphologic study. Ophthalmology 1990;97:171-178
32. Pauleikhoff D, Zuels S, Sheraidah GS, et al. Correlation between biochemical composition and fluorescein binding of deposits in Bruch's membrane. Ophthalmology 1992;99:1548-1553
33. Marmorstein AD, Finnemann SC, Bonilha VL. Morphogenesis of the retinal pigment epithelium: toward understanding retinal degenerative diseases. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1998;857:1-2 (Pubitemid 28526251)
34. Hogan MJ, Alvarado JA, Weddell JE. Histology of the Human Eye: An Atlas and Textbook. Philadelphia: WB Saunders Co, 1971
35. Coats G. The structure of the membrane of Bruch, and its relation to the formation of colloid excresences. Royal London Ophthalmic Hospital Report 1905;XVI:164-178
36. Anderson DH, Ozaki S, Nealon M, et al. Local cellular sources of apolipoprotein E in the human retina and retinal pigmented epithelium: implications for the process of drusen formation. Am J Ophthalmol 2001;131:767-781 (Pubitemid 32522648)
37. Guymer R, Luthert P, Bird A. Changes in Bruch's membrane and related structures with age. Prog Retin Eye Res 1999;18:59-90 (Pubitemid 28457039)
38. Johnson LV, Ozaki S, Staples MK, et al. A potential role for immune complex pathogenesis in drusen formation. Exp Eye Research 2000;70:441-449 (Pubitemid 30662042)
39. Bird AC, Marshall J. Retinal pigment epithelial detachments in the elderly. Trans Opthalmol Soc UK 1986;105:674-682 (Pubitemid 17214916)
40. Hammes HP, Hoerauf H, Alt A, et al. Nε(carboxymethyl) lysin and the AGE receptor RAGE co-localize in age-related macular degeneration. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1999;40:1855-1859
41. Ishibashi T, Murata T, Hangai M, et al. Advanced glycation end products in age-related macular degeneration. Arch Ophthalmol 1998;116:1629-1632 (Pubitemid 29001961)
42. Olin KL, Morse LS, Murphy C, et al. Trace element status and free radical defense in elderly rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) with macular drusen. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1995;208:370-377
43. Augustin AJ, Lutz J. Intestinal, hepatic and renal production of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and myeloperoxidase activity after temporary aortic occlusion and reperfusion. Life Sciences 1991;49:961-968
44. Mcgeer EG, Klegeris A, Mcgeer PL. Inflammation, the complement system and the diseases of aging. Neurobiol Aging 2005;26 Suppl 1:94-97 (Pubitemid 41739435)
45. Hageman GS, Luthert PJ, Victor Chong, et al. An integrated hypothesis that considers drusen as biomarkers of immune-mediated processes at the RPE-Bruch's membrane interface in aging and age-related macular degeneration. Prog Retin Eye Res 2001;20:705-732 (Pubitemid 32918285)
46. Matyszak MK, Perry VH. Dendritic cells in inflammatory responses in the CNS. Adv Exp Med Biol 1997;417:295-299 (Pubitemid 27427758)
47. Klein R, Knudtson MD, Klein BE, et al. Inflammation, complement factor H, and age-related macular degeneration: the Multi-ethnic Study of Artherosclerosis. Ophthalmology 2008;115:1742-1749
48. Izumi-Nagai K, Nagai N, Ohgami K, et al. Inhibition of choroidal neovascularization with an anti-inflammatory carotenoid astaxanthin. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2008;49:1679-1685
49. Ripoche J, Day AJ, Harris TJ, Sim RB. The complete amino acid sequence of human complement factor H. Biochem J 1988;249:593-602 (Pubitemid 18030952)
50. Hing S, Day AJ, Linton SJ, et al. Assignment of complement components C4 binding protein (C4BP) and factor H (FH) to human chromosome 1q, using cDNA probes. Ann Hum Genet 1988;52:117-122 (Pubitemid 18178967)
51. Holtkamp GM, Van Rossem M, De Vos AF, et al. Polarized secretion of IL-6 and IL-8 by human retinal pigment epithelial cells. Clin Exp Immunol 1998;112:34-43 (Pubitemid 28157096)
52. Zhang C, Shen JK, Lam TT, et al. Activation of microglia and chemokines in light-induced retinal degeneration. Mol Vis 2005;11:887-895 (Pubitemid 41631825)
53. Zhou J, Pham L, Zhang N, et al. Neutrophils promote experimental choroidal neovascularization. Mol Vis 2005;11:414-424 (Pubitemid 41410238)
54. Apte RS, Richter J, Herndon J, Ferguson TA. Macrophages inhibit neovascularization in a murine model of age-related macular degeneration. PLoS Med 2006;3:310 [published online 15 August 2006] (Pubitemid 44338375)
55. Ambati J, Anand A, Fernandez S, et al. An animal model of age-related macular degeneration in senescent Ccl-2- or Ccr-2-deficient mice. Nat Med 2003;9:1390-1397 (Pubitemid 37466188)
56. Sakurai E, Anand A, Ambati BK, et al. Macrophage depletion inhibits experimental choroidal neovascularization. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2003;44:3578-3585 (Pubitemid 36909798)
57. Espinosa-heidmann DG, Suner IJ, Hernandez EP, et al. Macrophage depletion diminishes lesion size and severity in experimental choroidal neovascularization. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2003;44:3586-3592 (Pubitemid 36909799)
58. Combadière C, Feumi C, Raoul W, et al. CX3CR1-dependent subretinal microglia cell accumulation is associated with cardinal features of age-related macular degeneration. J Clin Invest 2007;117:2920-2928 (Pubitemid 47529622)
59. Chen J, Connor KM, Smith LE. Overstaying their welcome: defective CX3CR1 microglia eyed in macular degeneration. J Clin Invest 2007;117:2758-2762 (Pubitemid 47529606)
60. Donoso LA, Kim D, Frost A, et al. The role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration. Surv Ophthalmol 2006;51:137-152 (Pubitemid 43269939)