Evolutionary and functional epitopes of the Spätzle protein: New insights into activation of the Toll receptor

Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences

Volumn 66, Issue 9, 2009, Pages 1595-1602

  Wang, Y ^a   Zhu, S ^a  

^a INSTITUTE OF GEOLOGY AND GEOPHYSICS   (China)

Author keywords

Drosophila; Evolutionary tracing; Innate immunity; Protein protein interaction; Toll pathway

Indexed keywords

LIGAND; LUCIFERASE; SPATZLE PROTEIN; TOLL LIKE RECEPTOR; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

ANIMAL CELL; ARTICLE; BINDING SITE; CONTROLLED STUDY; ENZYME ASSAY; GENE EXPRESSION; MOLECULAR EVOLUTION; NONHUMAN; PHYLOGENY; PROTEIN BINDING; PROTEIN FUNCTION; PROTEIN STRUCTURE; REPORTER GENE; SITE DIRECTED MUTAGENESIS;

AMINO ACID SEQUENCE; ANIMALS; BINDING SITES; BODY PATTERNING; COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY; DIMERIZATION; DROSOPHILA; DROSOPHILA PROTEINS; EVOLUTION, MOLECULAR; GENES, REPORTER; MOLECULAR SEQUENCE DATA; MUTAGENESIS, SITE-DIRECTED; MUTATION; PHYLOGENY; PROTEIN STRUCTURE, TERTIARY; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; TOLL-LIKE RECEPTORS;

BASIDIOMYCOTA;

EID: 67649519247     PISSN: 1420682X     EISSN: 15691632     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00018-009-9028-3     Document Type: Article

References (35)

1. Weber, A. N., Tauszig-Delamasure, S., Hoffmann, J. A., Lelievre, E., Gascan, H., Ray, K. P., Morse, M. A., Imler, J. L. and Gay, N. J. (2003) Binding of the Drosophila cytokine Spätzle to Toll is direct and establishes signaling. Nat. Immunol. 4, 794-800.
2. Lemaitre, B. and Hoffmann, J. (2007) The host defense of Drosophila melanogaster. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 25, 697-743.
3. Schneider, D. S., Hudson, K. L., Lin, T. Y. and Anderson, K. V. (1991) Dominant and recessive mutations define functional domains of Toll, a transmembrane protein required for dorsalventral polarity in the Drosophila embryo. Genes Dev. 5, 797-807.
4. Schneider, D. S., Jin, Y., Morisato, D. and Anderson, K. V. (1994) A processed form of the Spätzle protein defines dorsalventral polarity in the Drosophila embryo. Development 120, 1243-1250.
5. Morisato, D. and Anderson, K. V. (1994) The Spätzle gene encodes a component of the extracellular signaling pathway establishing the dorsal-ventral pattern of the Drosophila embryo. Cell 76, 677-688.
6. DeLotto, Y. and DeLotto, R. (1998) Proteolytic processing of the Drosophila Spätzle protein by easter generates a dimeric NGF-like molecule with ventralising activity. Mech. Dev. 72, 141-148.
7. Mulinari, S., Hacker, U. and Castillejo-Lopez, C. (2006) Expression and regulation of Spätzle-processing enzyme in Drosophila. FEBS Lett. 580, 5406-5410.
8. Jang, I. H., Chosa, N., Kim, S. H., Nam, H. J., Lemaitre, B., Ochiai, M., Kambris, Z., Brun, S., Hashimoto, C., Ashida, M., Brey, P. T. and Lee, W. J. (2006) A Spätzle-processing enzyme required for toll signaling activation in Drosophila innate immunity. Dev. Cell 10, 45-55.
9. Weber, A. N., Gangloff, M., Moncrieffe, M. C., Hyvert, Y., Imler, J. L. and Gay, N. J. (2007) Role of the Spätzle Prodomain in the generation of an active toll receptor ligand. J. Biol. Chem. 282, 13522-13531.
10. DeLotto, Y., Smith, C. and DeLotto, R. (2001) Multiple isoforms of the Drosophila Spätzle protein are encoded by alternatively spliced maternal mRNAs in the precellular blastoderm embryo. Mol. Gen. Genet. 264, 643-652.
11. Parker, J. S., Mizuguchi, K. and Gay, N. J. (2001) A family of proteins related to Spätzle, the toll receptor ligand, are encoded in the Drosophila genome. Proteins 45, 71-80.
12. Weber, A. N., Moncrieffe,M. C., Gangloff, M., Imler, J. L. and Gay, N. J. (2005) Ligand-receptor and receptor-receptor interactions act in concert to activate signaling in the Drosophila toll pathway. J. Biol. Chem. 280, 22793-22799.
13. Gangloff, M.,Murali, A., Xiong, J., Arnot, C. J.,Weber, A. N., Sandercock, A. M., Robinson, C. V., Sarisky, R., Holzenburg, A., Kao, C. and Gay, N. J. (2008) Structural insight into the mechanism of activation of the Toll receptor by the dimeric ligand Spätzle. J. Biol. Chem. 283, 14629-14635.
14. Hoffmann,A., Funkner,A., Neumann, P., Juhnke, S.,Walther, M., Schierhorn, A.,Weininger, U., Balbach, J., Reuter, G. and Stubbs, M. T. (2008) Biophysical characterization of refolded Drosophila Spätzle, a cystine knot protein, reveals distinct properties of three isoforms. J. Biol. Chem. 283, 32598-32609.
15. Lichtarge, O., Bourne, H. R. and Cohen, F. E. (1996) An evolutionary trace method defines binding surfaces common to protein families. J. Mol. Biol. 257, 342-358.
16. Lichtarge, O. and Sowa, M. E. (2002) Evolutionary predictions of binding surfaces and interactions. Curr. Opin. Struct. Biol. 12, 21 -27.
17. Sowa, M. E.,He,W., Slep, K. C., Kercher,M.A., Lichtarge,O. andWensel, T. G. (2001) Prediction and confirmation of a site critical for effector regulation of RGS domain activity. Nat. Struct. Biol. 8, 234-237.
18. Lichtarge, O., Bourne, H. R. and Cohen, F. E. (1996) Evolutionarily conserved Galphabetagamma binding surfaces support amodel of theGprotein-receptor complex. Proc.Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A 93, 7507-7511.
19. Jeanmougin, F., Thompson, J.D.,Gouy,M., Higgins,D.G. and Gibson, T. J. (1998) Multiple sequence alignment with Clustal X. Trends Biochem. Sci. 23, 403-405.
20. Kumar, S., Tamura, K., Jakobsen, I. B. and Nei, M. (2001) MEGA2: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis software. Bioinformatics 17, 1244-1245.
21. Tauszig, S., Jouanguy, E., Hoffmann, J. A. and Imler, J. L. (2000) Toll-related receptors and the control of antimicrobial peptide expression in Drosophila. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A 97, 10520-10525.
22. Zhu, S., Wei, L., Yamasaki, K. and Gallo, R. L. (2008) Activation of cathepsin L by the cathelin-like domain of protegrin-3. Mol. Immunol. 45, 2531-2536.
23. Mizuguchi,K., Parker, J. S., Blundell,T. L. and Gay,N. J. (1998) Getting knotted: a model for the structure and activation of Spätzle. Trends Biochem. Sci. 23, 239-242.
24. Hu, X., Yagi, Y., Tanji, T., Zhou, S. and Ip, Y. T. (2004) Multimerization and interaction of Toll and Spätzle in Drosophila. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A 101, 9369-9374.
25. Rajagopalan, L., Pereira, F. A., Lichtarge,O. and Brownell,W. E. (2009) Identification of functionally important residues/ domains in membrane proteins using an evolutionary approach coupled with systematic mutational analysis. Methods Mol. Biol. 493, 287-297.
26. Mohamad, S. B., Ong, A. L. and Ripen, A. M. (2008) Evolutionary trace analysis at the ligand binding site of laccase. Bioinformation 2, 369-372.
27. Reddy, D. M. (2007) Evolutionary trace analysis of plant haemoglobins: implications for site-directed mutagenesis. Bioinformation 1, 370-375.
28. Nagarajan, S. and Marimuthu, P. (2006) Binding site prediction of galanin peptide using evolutionary trace method. Bioinformation 1, 180-183.
29. Madabushi, S., Gross,A.K., Philippi, A.,Meng, E. C.,Wensel, T.G. and Lichtarge,O. (2004) Evolutionary trace ofGproteincoupled receptors reveals clusters of residues that determine global and class-specific functions. J. Biol. Chem. 279, 8126-8132.
30. Innis,C.A., Shi, J. and Blundell,T. L. (2000) Evolutionary trace analysis of TGF-beta and related growth factors: implications for site-directed mutagenesis. Protein Eng. 13, 839-847.
31. Sowa, M. E., He,W.,Wensel, T. G. and Lichtarge, O. (2000) A regulator of G protein signaling interaction surface linked to effector specificity. Proc.Natl. Acad. Sci.USA97, 1483-1488.
32. Shackelford, G. S., Regni, C. A. and Beamer, L. J. (2004) Evolutionary trace analysis of the alpha-D-phosphohexomutase superfamily. Protein Sci. 13, 2130-2138.
33. Gu, P., Morgan, D. H., Sattar, M., Xu, X., Wagner, R., Raviscioni, M., Lichtarge, O. and Cooney, A. J. (2005) Evolutionary trace-based peptides identify a novel asymmetric interaction that mediates oligomerization in nuclear receptors. J. Biol. Chem. 280, 31818-31829.
34. Zhu, S.,Huys, I., Dyason, K.,Verdonck, F. and Tytgat, J. (2004) Evolutionary trace analysis of scorpion toxins specific for Kchannels. Proteins 54, 361-370.
35. Zhu, S. and Tytgat, J. (2004) Evolutionary epitopes of Hsp90 and p23: implications for their interaction. FASEB J. 18, 940-947.