Large differences in blood measures, tissue weights, and focal areas of damage 1 year after postseizure treatment with acepromazine or ketamine

Epilepsy and Behavior

Volumn 15, Issue 2, 2009, Pages 98-105

  George, Katherine R ^a   Rico, Timothy ^a,d   St Pierre, Linda S ^a   Dupont, Matthew J ^a   Blomme, Christopher G ^a   Mazzuchin, Angelo ^b   Stewart, Lee S ^c   Persinger, Michael A ^a  

^a LAURENTIAN UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

^b Cambrian College   (Canada)

^c HOSPITAL FOR SICK CHILDREN   (Canada)

^d Northeast Mental Health Centre   (Canada)

Author keywords

Acepromazine; Alanine aminotransferase; Aspartate aminotransferase; Hippocampal formation; Ketamine; Lithium pilocarpine seizures; Rat; Thalamus; Thyroid function

Indexed keywords

ACEPROMAZINE; ALANINE AMINOTRANSFERASE; ASPARTATE AMINOTRANSFERASE; KETAMINE; LITHIUM; PILOCARPINE;

ALANINE AMINOTRANSFERASE BLOOD LEVEL; ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ANIMAL MODEL; ANIMAL TISSUE; ARTICLE; ASPARTATE AMINOTRANSFERASE BLOOD LEVEL; BLOOD ANALYSIS; BRAIN DAMAGE; BRAIN TISSUE; CONTROLLED STUDY; DISEASE COURSE; DRUG EFFECT; DRUG EFFICACY; EPILEPTIC STATE; HISTOPATHOLOGY; MALE; NONHUMAN; ORGAN WEIGHT; PANCREAS FUNCTION; RAT; SEIZURE; SINGLE DRUG DOSE; SPLEEN FUNCTION; THYROID FUNCTION;

ACEPROMAZINE; ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE; ANIMALS; BLOOD PRESSURE; BRAIN; DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL; DOPAMINE ANTAGONISTS; EXCITATORY AMINO ACID ANTAGONISTS; FEMALE; KETAMINE; LITHIUM CHLORIDE; LONGITUDINAL STUDIES; MALE; NEUROLOGIC EXAMINATION; ORGAN SIZE; PILOCARPINE; RATS; RATS, WISTAR; SEIZURES; STATISTICS AS TOPIC; THYROID GLAND;

EID: 67349192160     PISSN: 15255050     EISSN: 15255069     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2009.02.043     Document Type: Article

References (50)

1. Honchar M.P., Olney J.W., and Sherman W.R. Systemic cholinergic agents induce seizures and brain damage in lithium-treated rats. Science 220 (1983) 323-325
2. Persinger M.A., Makarec K., and Bradley J.C. Characteristics of limbic seizures evoked by peripheral injections of lithium and pilocarpine. Physiol Behav 44 (1988) 27-37
3. Persinger M.A., Bureau Y.R.J., Kostakos M., Peredery O., and Falter O. Behaviours of rats with insidious multifocal brain damage induced by seizures following single peripheral injections of lithium and pilocarpine. Physiol Behav 53 (1993) 849-866
4. Fujikawa D.G. The temporal evolution of neuronal damage from pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus. Brain Res 725 (1996) 11-22
5. Peredery O., Persinger M.A., Parker G., and Mastrosov L. Temporal changes in neuronal dropout following inductions of lithium/pilocarpine seizures in the rat. Brain Res 881 (2000) 9-17
6. Persinger M.A., Stewart L.S., Richards P.M., Harrigan T., O'Connor R.P., and Bureau Y.R.J. Seizure onset times for rats receiving systemic lithium and pilocarpine: sources of variability. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 71 (2002) 7-17
7. Handforth A., and Treiman D.M. Functional mapping of the early states of status epilepticus: a 14C-2-deoxyglucose study in lithium-pilocarpine model in rat. Neuroscience 64 (1995) 1057-1073
8. Handforth A., and Treiman D.M. Functional mapping of the late stages of status epilepticus in the lithium-pilocarpine model in rat: a 14C-2-deoxyglucose study. Neuroscience 64 (1995) 1075-1089
9. Motte J., a Fernandes M.J., Baram T.Z., and Nehlig A. Spatial and temporal evolution of neuronal activation, stress and injury in lithium-pilocarpine seizures in adult rats. Brain Res 793 (1998) 61-72
10. Paxinos G., and Watson C. The rat in stereotaxic coordinates. 2nd ed. (1986), Academic Press, New York
11. Erakovic V., Zupan G., Valjen J., Laginja J., and Simonic A. Lithium plus pilocarpine induced status epilepticus: biochemical changes. Neurosci Res 36 (2000) 157-166
12. Kondratyev A., and Gale G. Latency to onset of status epilepticus determines molecular mechanisms of seizure-induced cell death. Mol Brain Res 121 (2004) 86-94
13. 2 content and prevents seizures and hippocampal damage evoked by LiCl and tacrine in rat. Exp Neurol 149 (1998) 349-355
14. Costa-Lotufo L.V., Fonteles M.M., Lima I.S.P., et al. Attenuating effects of melatonin on pilocarpine-induced seizures in rats. Comp Biochem Physiol C 131 (2002) 521-529
15. Fujikawa D.G. Neuroprotective effect of ketamine administered after status epilepticus onset. Epilepsia 36 (1995) 186-195
16. Peredery O., and Persinger M.A. Herbal treatment following post-seizure induction in rat by lithium pilocarpine: Scutellaria lateriflora (skullcap), Gelsemium sempervirens (gelsemium) and Datura stramonium (jimson weed) may prevent development of spontaneous seizures. Phytotherapy Res 18 (2004) 700-705
17. Santi S.A., Cook L.L., Persinger M.A., and O'Connor R.P. Normal spatial memory following post-seizure treatment with ketamine: selective damage attenuates memory deficits in brain-damaged rodents. Int J Neurosci 44 (2001) 207-212
18. Fournier N.M., and Persinger M.A. The neuromatrix and the epileptic brain: behavioral and learning perseveration in limbic epileptic rats treated with ketamine but not acepromazine. Epilepsy Behav 5 (2004) 119-127
19. Stewart L.S., and Persinger M.A. Ketamine prevents learning impairment when administered immediately after status epilepticus onset. Epilepsy Behav 2 (2001) 585-591
20. Vaillancourt L.N., and Persinger M.A. Normalization of spatial learning despite brain damage in rats receiving ketamine after seizure-induction: evidence for the neuromatrix. Psychol Rep 88 (2001) 102-110
21. McKay B.E., and Persinger M.A. Weak, physiologically relevant magnetic fields disrupt maze performance in seized rats normalized with ketamine: possible support for the neuromatrix concept?. Epilepsy Behav 8 (2006) 137-144
22. Persinger M.A., and Dupont M.J. Emergence of spontaneous seizures during the year following lithium/pilocarpine-induced epilepsy and neuronal loss within the right temporal cortices. Epilepsy Behav 5 (2004) 440-445
23. Parent J.M., Yu T.W., Leibowitz R.T., Geschwind D.H., Sloviter R.S., and Lowenstein D.H. Dentate granule cell neurogenesis is increased by seizures and contributes to aberrant network reorganization in the adult rat hippocampus. J Neurosci 17 (1997) 3227-3238
24. Hort J., Brozek G., Mares P., Lagmeier M., and Komarek V. Cognitive functions after pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus: changes during silent period precede appearance of spontaneous recurrent seizures. Epilepsia 40 (1999) 1177-1183
25. Sarrat R. Morphological and functional relations between pancreatic islets and allocortex. Anat Histol Embryol 9 (1980) 52-64
26. Biziere K., Guillaumin J.M., Degenee D., Bardos P., and Renoux M. Lateralized neocortical modulation of the T-cell lineage. In: Guillemin R., et al. (Ed). Neural modulation of immunity (1984), Raven Press, New York 81-94
27. Leroy C., Roch C., Konning E., Namer I.J., and Nehlig A. In the lithium-pilocarpine model of epilepsy, brain lesions are not linked to changes in blood-brain barrier permeability: an autoradiographic study in adult and developing rats. Exp Neurol 182 (2003) 361-372
28. Racine R. Modification of seizure activity by electrical stimulation: II. Motor seizure. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 32 (1972) 281-294
29. Persinger M.A. Brain mast cell numbers in the albino rat: sources of variability. Behav Neural Biol 25 (1979) 380-386
30. Bureau Y.R.J., Peredery O., and Persinger M. Concordance of quantitative damage within the diencephalon and telencephalon following systemic pilocarpine (380 mg/kg) or lithium (3 mEq/kg)/pilocarpine (30 mg/kg) induced seizures. Brain Res 648 (1994) 265-269
31. Tursksi W.A., Cavalheiro E.A., Schwartz M., Crzucwar S.L., Kleinrock Z., and Turski L. Limbic seizures produced by pilocarpine in rats: behavioural, electroencephalographic and neuropathological study. Behav Brain Res 9 (1983) 315-335
32. Lafreniere G.F., and Persinger M.A. Thyroid morphology and activity do not respond to ELF electromagnetic fields. Experientia 35 (1979) 561-567
33. Krema R., Persinger M.A., and Sartor V. Thyroid and thymus morphology in rats following DRL reinforcement schedule changes. Physiol Behav 23 (1979) 1163-1164
34. Chen S., and Su H.-.S. Afferent connections of the thalamic paraventicular and parataenial nuclei in the rat: a retrograde tracing study with iontophoretic application of Fluoro-gold. Brain Res 552 (1990) 1-6
35. Kelly A.E., and Stinus L. The distribution of the projection from the parataenial nucleus of the thalamus to the nucleus accumbens in the rat: an autoradiographic study. Exp Brain Res 54 (1984) 499-512
36. Scorza F.A., Arida R.M., Priel M., Caldeazzo L., and Cavalheiro E.A. The contribution of the lateral posterior and anteroventral thalamic nuclei on spontaneous recurrent seizures in the pilocarpine model of epilepsy. Arq Neuro-Psiquiatr 65 (2002) 572-575
37. Parent J.M. The role of seizure-induced neurogenesis in epileptogenesis and brain repair. Epilepsy Res 50 (2002) 179-189
38. McIntyre D.C., and Plant J.R. Pyriform cortex involvement in kindling. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 13 (1989) 277-280
39. Foley P.B., and Crocker A.D. Dopamine agonist-mediated inhibition of acetylcholine release in rat striatum is modified by thyroid hormone status. J Neurochem 61 (1993) 812-817
40. al-Tajir G., and Starr M.S. D-2 agonists protect rodents against pilocarpine-induced convulsions by stimulating D2-receptors in the striatum but not the substantia nigra. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 39 (1991) 109-113
41. Burke K., Chandler C.J., Starr B.S., and Starr M.S. Seizure promotion and protection by D-1 and D-2 dopaminergic drugs in the mouse. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 36 (1990) 729-733
42. Bradley S.E., Stephan F., Coelho J.B., and Reville P. The thyroid and the kidney. Kidney Int 6 (1974) 346-365
43. Wasterlain C.G., Fujikawa D.G., Penix L., and Sankar R. Pathophysiological mechanisms of brain damage in status epilepticus. Epilepsia 34 (1993) S37-S53
44. Boyko W.J., Galabru C.K., McGeer E.G., and McGeer P.L. Thalamic injections of kainic acid produce myocardial necrosis. Life Sci 25 (1979) 87-98
45. Persinger M.A., and St. Pierre L.S. The brain matrix and multifocal brain damage following a single injection of ketamine in young adult rats: conspicuous changes in old age. Percept Mot Skills 95 (2002) 897-900
46. St. Pierre L.S., and Persinger M.A. Extreme obesity in one year old female rats in which seizures were induced before puberty by lithium/pilocarpine followed by a single injection of acepromazine. Epilepsy Behav 7 (2005) 411-418
47. Persinger M.A., Carrey N.C., Lafreniere G.F., and Mazzuchin A. Thirty-eight blood, tissue, and consumptive measures from rats exposed perinatally and as adults to 0.5 Hz magnetic fields. Int J Biometeorol 22 (1978) 213-226
48. Bekenstein J.W., and Lothman E.W. Dormancy of inhibitory interneurons in a model of temporal lobe epilepsy. Science 259 (1993) 97-99
49. ++ channel causes a long-lasting modification of neuronal firing mode after status epilepticus. J Neurosci 22 (2002) 3645-3655
50. Taylor J., Zeng X.-B., Pottle J., et al. Calcium signalling and T-type calcium channels in cancer cell cycling. World J Gastroenterol 14 (2008) 4984-4991