Recent developments in breast-conserving surgery for breast cancer patients

Langenbeck's Archives of Surgery

Volumn 394, Issue 4, 2009, Pages 591-609

  Fitzal, F ^a   Riedl, O ^a   Jakesz, R ^a  

^a MEDICAL UNIVERSITY OF VIENNA   (Austria)

Author keywords

Breast conservation; Breast surgery; Oncoplastic; Perioperative management; Resection margin

Indexed keywords

ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENT;

AGE DISTRIBUTION; BREAST BIOPSY; BREAST CANCER; BREAST CONSERVING SURGERY; BREAST HYPERTROPHY; CANCER ADJUVANT THERAPY; CANCER RECURRENCE; CANCER RISK; CANCER SURVIVAL; CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; FROZEN SECTION; HUMAN; MASTECTOMY; METASTASIS; MICROMETASTASIS; MORBIDITY; ORGAN SIZE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PTOSIS; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; REVIEW; RISK ASSESSMENT; SALVAGE THERAPY; SENTINEL LYMPH NODE BIOPSY; SURGICAL TECHNIQUE; SURVIVAL; TREATMENT CONTRAINDICATION; TREATMENT OUTCOME; TUMOR LOCALIZATION; TUMOR VOLUME;

BIOPSY, NEEDLE; BREAST NEOPLASMS; COMBINED MODALITY THERAPY; ESTROGEN ANTAGONISTS; FEMALE; FROZEN SECTIONS; HUMANS; LYMPHATIC METASTASIS; MASTECTOMY, SEGMENTAL; NEOADJUVANT THERAPY; NEOPLASM RECURRENCE, LOCAL; PERIOPERATIVE CARE; PROGNOSIS; SENTINEL LYMPH NODE BIOPSY; TAMOXIFEN; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 67349090922     PISSN: 14352443     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00423-008-0412-5     Document Type: Review

References (222)

1. EBCTCG 2005 Effects of radiotherapy and of differences in the extent of surgery for early breast cancer on local recurrence and 15-year survival: an overview of the randomised trials Lancet 366 2087 2106
2. EBCTCG (2002) Radiotherapy for early breast cancer. Cochrane Database Syst Rev CD003647
3. M Clarke R Collins S Darby C Davies P Elphinstone E Evans 2005 Effects of radiotherapy and of differences in the extent of surgery for early breast cancer on local recurrence and 15-year survival: an overview of the randomised trials Lancet 366 2087 2106 (Pubitemid 41797643)
4. H Atkins JL Hayward DJ Klugman AB Wayte 1972 Treatment of early breast cancer: a report after ten years of a clinical trial BMJ 2 423 429
5. B Fisher S Anderson J Bryant RG Margolese M Deutsch ER Fisher 2002 Twenty-year follow-up of a randomized trial comparing total mastectomy, lumpectomy, and lumpectomy plus irradiation for the treatment of invasive breast cancer N Engl J Med 347 1233 1241 (Pubitemid 35176242)
6. U Veronesi N Cascinelli L Mariani M Greco R Saccozzi A Luini 2002 Twenty-year follow-up of a randomized study comparing breast-conserving surgery with radical mastectomy for early breast cancer N Engl J Med 347 1227 1232 (Pubitemid 35176241)
7. M Blichert-Toft C Rose JA Andersen M Overgaard CK Axelsson KW Andersen 1992 Danish randomized trial comparing breast conservation therapy with mastectomy: six years of life-table analysis. Danish Breast Cancer Cooperative Group J Natl Cancer Inst Monogr 11 19 25
8. MM Poggi DN Danforth LC Sciuto SL Smith SM Steinberg DJ Liewehr 2003 Eighteen-year results in the treatment of early breast carcinoma with mastectomy versus breast conservation therapy: the National Cancer Institute Randomized Trial Cancer 98 697 702 (Pubitemid 36959264)
9. JA van Dongen AC Voogd IS Fentiman C Legrand RJ Sylvester D Tong 2000 Long-term results of a randomized trial comparing breast-conserving therapy with mastectomy: European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer 10801 trial J Natl Cancer Inst 92 1143 1150
10. R Arriagada MG Le F Rochard G Contesso 1996 Conservative treatment versus mastectomy in early breast cancer: patterns of failure with 15 years of follow-up data. Institut Gustave-Roussy Breast Cancer Group J Clin Oncol 14 1558 1564
11. F Fitzal O Riedl R Jakesz 2007 Local therapy of early breast cancer Breast Care 2 143 147
12. Y Komoike F Akiyama Y Iino T Ikeda S Akashi-Tanaka S Ohsumi 2006 Ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence (IBTR) after breast-conserving treatment for early breast cancer: risk factors and impact on distant metastases Cancer 106 35 41 (Pubitemid 43032546)
13. JM Kurtz J Jacquemier R Amalric H Brandone Y Ayme D Hans 1990 Risk factors for breast recurrence in premenopausal and postmenopausal patients with ductal cancers treated by conservation therapy Cancer 65 1867 1878 (Pubitemid 20116664)
14. CA McBain EA Young R Swindell B Magee AL Stewart 2003 Local recurrence of breast cancer following surgery and radiotherapy: incidence and outcome Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 15 25 31 (Pubitemid 36150152)
15. WM Hanna HJ Kahn JA Chapman EB Fish HL Lickley DR McCready 1999 Pathologic characteristics of breast cancer that predict for local recurrence after lumpectomy alone Breast J 5 105 111 (Pubitemid 29183816)
16. JM Kurtz 1992 Factors influencing the risk of local recurrence in the breast Eur J Cancer 28 660 666
17. G Zavagno E Goldin R Mencarelli G Capitanio PD Bianco R Marconato 2008 Role of resection margins in patients treated with breast conservation surgery Cancer 112 1923 1931 (Pubitemid 351574067)
18. JM Kurtz J Jacquemier R Amalric H Brandone Y Ayme D Hans 1991 Is breast conservation after local recurrence feasible? Eur J Cancer 27 240 244
19. F Fitzal O Riedl L Wutzl W Draxler M Rudas U Pluschnig 2007 Breast-conserving surgery for T3/T4 breast cancer: an analysis of 196 patients Breast Cancer Res Treat 103 45 52 (Pubitemid 46653258)
20. MM Khanna RJ Mark MJ Silverstein G Juillard B Lewinsky AE Giuliano 1992 Breast conservation management of breast tumors 4 cm or larger Arch Surg 127 1038 1041
21. A Taghian M Mohiuddin R Jagsi S Goldberg E Ceilley S Powell 2005 Current perceptions regarding surgical margin status after breast-conserving therapy: results of a survey Ann Surg 241 629 639 (Pubitemid 40397311)
22. CC Park M Mitsumori A Nixon A Recht J Connolly R Gelman 2000 Outcome at 8 years after breast-conserving surgery and radiation therapy for invasive breast cancer: influence of margin status and systemic therapy on local recurrence J Clin Oncol 18 1668 1675 (Pubitemid 30220545)
23. G Freedman B Fowble A Hanlon N Nicolaou D Fein J Hoffman 1999 Patients with early stage invasive cancer with close or positive margins treated with conservative surgery and radiation have an increased risk of breast recurrence that is delayed by adjuvant systemic therapy Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 44 1005 1015 (Pubitemid 29342901)
24. KC Horst MC Smitt DR Goffinet RW Carlson 2005 Predictors of local recurrence after breast-conservation therapy Clin Breast Cancer 5 425 438
25. B Fisher 1995 Lumpectomy versus quadrantectomy for breast conservation: a critical appraisal Eur J Cancer 31A 1567 1569
26. U Veronesi F Volterrani A Luini R Saccozzi M Del Vecchio R Zucali 1990 Quadrantectomy versus lumpectomy for small size breast cancer Eur J Cancer 26 671 673 (Pubitemid 20275097)
27. H Bartelink JH Borger JA van Dongen JL Peterse 1988 The impact of tumor size and histology on local control after breast-conserving therapy Radiother Oncol 11 297 303 (Pubitemid 18106476)
28. J Borger H Kemperman A Hart H Peterse J van Dongen H Bartelink 1994 Risk factors in breast-conservation therapy J Clin Oncol 12 653 660 (Pubitemid 24110901)
29. MF Burke R Allison L Tripcony 1995 Conservative therapy of breast cancer in Queensland Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 31 295 303
30. DH Clarke MG Le D Sarrazin MJ Lacombe F Fontaine JP Travagli 1985 Analysis of local-regional relapses in patients with early breast cancers treated by excision and radiotherapy: experience of the Institut Gustave-Roussy Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 11 137 145 (Pubitemid 15169362)
31. D Cowen G Houvenaeghel V Bardou J Jacquemier E Bautrant M Conte 2000 Local and distant failures after limited surgery with positive margins and radiotherapy for node-negative breast cancer Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 47 305 312 (Pubitemid 30236369)
32. JA Dewar R Arriagada S Benhamou E Benhamou JJ Bretel B Pellae-Cosset 1995 Local relapse and contralateral tumor rates in patients with breast cancer treated with conservative surgery and radiotherapy (Institut Gustave Roussy 1970-1982). IGR Breast Cancer Group. Cancer 76 2260 2265
33. SJ DiBiase LT Komarnicky GF Schwartz Y Xie CM Mansfield 1998 The number of positive margins influences the outcome of women treated with breast preservation for early stage breast carcinoma Cancer 82 2212 2220 (Pubitemid 28240828)
34. WF Hartsell DC Recine KL Griem AK Murthy 1995 Delaying the initiation of intact breast irradiation for patients with lymph node positive breast cancer increases the risk of local recurrence Cancer 76 2497 2503
35. R Heimann C Powers HJ Halpem AG Michel CA Ewing B Wyman 1996 Breast preservation in stage I and II carcinoma of the breast. The University of Chicago experience Cancer 78 1722 1730 (Pubitemid 26330900)
36. VR Kini JR White EM Horwitz CF Dmuchowski AA Martinez FA Vicini 1998 Long term results with breast-conserving therapy for patients with early stage breast carcinoma in a community hospital setting Cancer 82 127 133 (Pubitemid 28070488)
37. F Leborgne JH Leborgne B Ortega R Doldan E Zubizarreta 1995 Breast conservation treatment of early stage breast cancer: patterns of failure Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 31 765 775
38. CM Mansfield LT Komarnicky GF Schwartz AL Rosenberg L Krishnan WR Jewell 1995 Ten-year results in 1070 patients with stages I and II breast cancer treated by conservative surgery and radiation therapy Cancer 75 2328 2336
39. ME Peterson DJ Schultz C Reynolds LJ Solin 1999 Outcomes in breast cancer patients relative to margin status after treatment with breast-conserving surgery and radiation therapy: the University of Pennsylvania experience Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 43 1029 1035 (Pubitemid 29144790)
40. LJ Pierce MH Strawderman KR Douglas AS Lichter 1997 Conservative surgery and radiotherapy for early-stage breast cancer using a lung density correction: the University of Michigan experience Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 39 921 928 (Pubitemid 27486081)
41. BJ Slotman OW Meyer KH Njo AB Karim 1994 Importance of timing of radiotherapy in breast conserving treatment for early stage breast cancer Radiother Oncol 30 206 212 (Pubitemid 24107513)
42. MC Smitt KW Nowels MJ Zdeblick S Jeffrey RW Carlson FE Stockdale 1995 The importance of the lumpectomy surgical margin status in long-term results of breast conservation Cancer 76 259 267
43. JA van Dongen H Bartelink IS Fentiman T Lerut F Mignolet G Olthuis 1992 Factors influencing local relapse and survival and results of salvage treatment after breast-conserving therapy in operable breast cancer: EORTC trial 10801, breast conservation compared with mastectomy in TNM stage I and II breast cancer Eur J Cancer 28A 801 805
44. U Veronesi B Salvadori A Luini M Greco R Saccozzi M del Vecchio 1995 Breast conservation is a safe method in patients with small cancer of the breast. Long-term results of three randomised trials on 1,973 patients Eur J Cancer 31A 1574 1579
45. DE Wazer RK Schmidt-Ullrich R Ruthazer CH Schmid R Graham H Safaii 1998 Factors determining outcome for breast-conserving irradiation with margin-directed dose escalation to the tumor bed Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 40 851 858 (Pubitemid 28150803)
46. I Gage SJ Schnitt AJ Nixon B Silver A Recht SL Troyan 1996 Pathologic margin involvement and the risk of recurrence in patients treated with breast-conserving therapy Cancer 78 1921 1928 (Pubitemid 26360575)
47. F Darvishian SI Hajdu DC DeRisi 2003 Significance of linear extent of breast carcinoma at surgical margin Ann Surg Oncol 10 48 51
48. U Veronesi A Luini M Del Vecchio M Greco V Galimberti M Merson 1993 Radiotherapy after breast-preserving surgery in women with localized cancer of the breast N Engl J Med 328 1587 1591 (Pubitemid 23151918)
49. U Veronesi E Marubini M Del Vecchio A Manzari S Andreola M Greco 1995 Local recurrences and distant metastases after conservative breast cancer treatments: partly independent events J Natl Cancer Inst 87 19 27
50. AW Fyles DR McCready LA Manchul ME Trudeau P Merante M Pintilie 2004 Tamoxifen with or without breast irradiation in women 50 years of age or older with early breast cancer N Engl J Med 351 963 970
51. KS Hughes LA Schnaper D Berry C Cirrincione B McCormick B Shank 2004 Lumpectomy plus tamoxifen with or without irradiation in women 70 years of age or older with early breast cancer N Engl J Med 351 971 977 (Pubitemid 39166260)
52. P Malmstrom L Holmberg H Anderson J Mattsson PE Jonsson L Tennvall-Nittby 2003 Breast conservation surgery, with and without radiotherapy, in women with lymph node-negative breast cancer: a randomised clinical trial in a population with access to public mammography screening Eur J Cancer 39 1690 1697 (Pubitemid 36897605)
53. M Lim JR Bellon R Gelman B Silver A Recht SJ Schnitt 2006 A prospective study of conservative surgery without radiation therapy in select patients with Stage I breast cancer Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 65 1149 1154 (Pubitemid 43914212)
54. Gnant M, Poetter R, Kwasny W, Tausch C, Handl-Zeller E, Pakesch B et al (2005) Breast conservation without radiotherapy in low risk breast cancer patients-results of 2 prospective clinical trials of the Austrian Breast and Colorectal Cancer Study Group involving 1518 postmenopausal patients with endocrine responsive cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat ...:94.
55. JM Kurtz J Jacquemier R Amalric H Brandone Y Ayme D Hans 1990 Why are local recurrences after breast-conserving therapy more frequent in younger patients? J Clin Oncol 8 591 598 (Pubitemid 20127241)
56. JM Kurtz JM Spitalier R Amalric H Brandone Y Ayme C Bressac 1988 Mammary recurrences in women younger than forty Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 15 271 276 (Pubitemid 18212154)
57. PC Dubsky MF Gnant S Taucher S Roka D Kandioler B Pichler-Gebhard 2002 Young age as an independent adverse prognostic factor in premenopausal patients with breast cancer Clin Breast Cancer 3 65 72 (Pubitemid 34546074)
58. Jakesz R, Hausmaninger H (2002) Randomized adjuvant trial of tamoxifen and goserelin vs. CMF: evidence for the superiority of treatment with endocrine blockade in premenopausal patients with hormone-responsive breast cancer-ABCCSG Trial 5. J Clin Oncol ...:20.
59. R Arriagada MG Le G Contesso JM Guinebretiere F Rochard M Spielmann 2002 Predictive factors for local recurrence in 2006 patients with surgically resected small breast cancer Ann Oncol 13 1404 1413
60. B Fisher DL Wickerham M Deutsch S Anderson C Redmond ER Fisher 1992 Breast tumor recurrence following lumpectomy with and without breast irradiation: an overview of recent NSABP findings Semin Surg Oncol 8 153 160
61. ER Fisher S Anderson C Redmond B Fisher 1992 Ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence and survival following lumpectomy and irradiation: pathological findings from NSABP protocol B-06 Semin Surg Oncol 8 161 166
62. B Cutuli 2004 Is radiotherapy needed after adequate local excision of localized DCIS? Int J Fertil Womens Med 49 231 236
63. N Bijker P Meijnen JL Peterse J Bogaerts I Van Hoorebeeck JP Julien 2006 Breast-conserving treatment with or without radiotherapy in ductal carcinoma-in-situ: ten-year results of European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer randomized phase III trial 10853-a study by the EORTC Breast Cancer Cooperative Group and EORTC Radiotherapy Group J Clin Oncol 24 3381 3387 (Pubitemid 46638893)
64. G Coulombe S Tyldesley C Speers C Paltiel C Aquino-Parsons V Bernstein 2007 Is mastectomy superior to breast-conserving treatment for young women? Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 67 1282 1290 (Pubitemid 46467166)
65. AC Neuschatz T DiPetrillo H Safaii LL Price RK Schmidt-Ullrich DE Wazer 2003 Long-term follow-up of a prospective policy of margin-directed radiation dose escalation in breast-conserving therapy Cancer 97 30 39 (Pubitemid 36033860)
66. TJ Eberlein JL Connolly SJ Schnitt A Recht RT Osteen JR Harris 1990 Predictors of local recurrence following conservative breast surgery and radiation therapy. The influence of tumor size Arch Surg 125 771 775
67. JA Ferreiro JJ Gisvold DG Bostwick 1995 Accuracy of frozen-section diagnosis of mammographically directed breast biopsies. Results of 1,490 consecutive cases Am J Surg Pathol 19 1267 1271
68. L Fessia B Ghiringhello R Arisio G Botta V Aimone 1984 Accuracy of frozen section diagnosis in breast cancer detection. A review of 4436 biopsies and comparison with cytodiagnosis Pathol Res Pract 179 61 66 (Pubitemid 14014809)
69. S Weber FK Storm J Stitt DM Mahvi 1997 The role of frozen section analysis of margins during breast conservation surgery Cancer J Sci Am 3 273 277
70. ER Sauter JP Hoffman FD Ottery MJ Kowalyshyn S Litwin BL Eisenberg 1994 Is frozen section analysis of reexcision lumpectomy margins worthwhile? Margin analysis in breast reexcisions An evaluation of frozen section biopsy in 4434 cases Cancer 73 2607 2612
71. TH Niemann JG Lucas WL Marsh Jr 1996 To freeze or not to freeze. A comparison of methods for the handling of breast biopsies with no palpable abnormality Am J Clin Pathol 106 225 228 (Pubitemid 26277213)
72. JC Cendan D Coco EM Copeland 3rd 2005 Accuracy of intraoperative frozen-section analysis of breast cancer lumpectomy-bed margins J Am Coll Surg 201 194 198 (Pubitemid 40994951)
73. TL Huston R Pigalarga MP Osborne E Tousimis 2006 The influence of additional surgical margins on the total specimen volume excised and the reoperative rate after breast-conserving surgery Am J Surg 192 509 512 (Pubitemid 44344190)
74. R Schmidt-Ullrich DE Wazer O Tercilla H Safaii DJ Marchant TJ Smith 1989 Tumor margin assessment as a guide to optimal conservation surgery and irradiation in early stage breast carcinoma Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 17 733 738 (Pubitemid 19250525)
75. MJ O'Sullivan T Li G Freedman M Morrow 2007 The effect of multiple reexcisions on the risk of local recurrence after breast conserving surgery Ann Surg Oncol 14 3133 3140 (Pubitemid 47594283)
76. S Bianchi D Palli S Ciatto M Galli D Giorgi V Vezzosi 1995 Accuracy and reliability of frozen section diagnosis in a series of 672 nonpalpable breast lesions Am J Clin Pathol 103 199 205
77. Guski H, Winzer KJ, Aldinger HU, Frohberg HD, Bick U (1998) Zentralbl Chir 123:19-22. Possibilities and limits of diagnostic frozen section in breast carcinoma
78. Association of Directors of Anatomic and Surgical Pathology 1993 Immediate management of mammographically detected breast lesions Am J Surg Pathol 17 850 851
79. RE Fechner 1995 Frozen section examination of breast biopsies Practice parameter. Am J Clin Pathol 103 6 7
80. L Cheng NK Al-Kaisi AY Liu NH Gordon 1997 The results of intraoperative consultations in 181 ductal carcinomas in situ of the breast Cancer 80 75 79 (Pubitemid 27270922)
81. RE Fechner 1988 Frozen section (intraoperative consultation) Hum Pathol 19 999 1000 (Pubitemid 18239495)
82. N Cabioglu KK Hunt AA Sahin HM Kuerer GV Babiera SE Singletary 2007 Role for intraoperative margin assessment in patients undergoing breast-conserving surgery Ann Surg Oncol 14 1458 1471 (Pubitemid 46536814)
83. A Chagpar T Yen A Sahin KK Hunt GJ Whitman FC Ames 2003 Intraoperative margin assessment reduces reexcision rates in patients with ductal carcinoma in situ treated with breast-conserving surgery Am J Surg 186 371 377 (Pubitemid 38368613)
84. JA Pinotti FM Carvalho 2002 Intraoperative pathological monitorization of surgical margins: a method to reduce recurrences after conservative treatment for breast cancer Eur J Gynaecol Oncol 23 11 16 (Pubitemid 34178092)
85. GC Balch SK Mithani JF Simpson MC Kelley 2005 Accuracy of intraoperative gross examination of surgical margin status in women undergoing partial mastectomy for breast malignancy Am Surg 71 22 27
86. VS Klimberg S Harms S Korourian 1999 Assessing margin status Surg Oncol 8 77 84 (Pubitemid 30224700)
87. EA Sickles 1989 Breast masses: mammographic evaluation Radiology 173 297 303 (Pubitemid 19264573)
88. LE Hoorntje ME Schipper A Kaya HM Verkooijen JG Klinkenbijl IH Rinkes 2004 Tumour cell displacement after 14G breast biopsy Eur J Surg Oncol 30 520 525 (Pubitemid 38701874)
89. DA Grabau JA Andersen HP Graversen U Dyreborg 1993 Needle biopsy of breast cancer. Appearance of tumour cells along the needle track Eur J Surg Oncol 19 192 194 (Pubitemid 23173162)
90. LP Harter JS Curtis G Ponto PH Craig 1992 Malignant seeding of the needle track during stereotaxic core needle breast biopsy Radiology 185 713 714
91. MG Thurfjell T Jansson H Nordgren J Bergh A Lindgren E Thurfjell 2000 Local breast cancer recurrence caused by mammographically guided punctures Acta Radiol 41 435 440
92. C Chao MH Torosian MC Boraas ER Sigurdson JP Hoffman BL Eisenberg 2001 Local recurrence of breast cancer in the stereotactic core needle biopsy site: case reports and review of the literature Breast J 7 124 127 (Pubitemid 32381887)
93. AM Chen BG Haffty CH Lee 2002 Local recurrence of breast cancer after breast conservation therapy in patients examined by means of stereotactic core-needle biopsy Radiology 225 707 712 (Pubitemid 35387105)
94. R Knight K Horiuchi SH Parker ER Ratzer ME Fenoglio 2002 Risk of needle-track seeding after diagnostic image-guided core needle biopsy in breast cancer Jsls 6 207 209
95. A Taxin PI Tartter D Zappetti 1997 Breast cancer diagnosis by fine needle aspiration and excisional biopsy. Recurrence and survival Acta Cytol 41 302 306 (Pubitemid 27172491)
96. TA King DH Hayes GJ Cederbom JL Champaign DH Smetherman GH Farr 2001 Biopsy technique has no impact on local recurrence after breast-conserving therapy Breast J 7 19 24 (Pubitemid 32162843)
97. F Fitzal EP Sporn W Draxler M Mittlbock S Taucher M Rudas 2006 Preoperative core needle biopsy does not increase local recurrence rate in breast cancer patients Breast Cancer Res Treat 97 9 15 (Pubitemid 43750944)
98. EP Mamounas 1998 Overview of National Surgical Adjuvant Breast Project neoadjuvant chemotherapy studies Semin Oncol 25 31 35 (Pubitemid 28188642)
99. EP Mamounas B Fisher 2001 Preoperative (neoadjuvant) chemotherapy in patients with breast cancer Overview of National Surgical Adjuvant Breast Project neoadjuvant chemotherapy studies Semin Oncol 28 389 399
100. N Wolmark J Wang E Mamounas J Bryant B Fisher 2001 Preoperative chemotherapy in patients with operable breast cancer: nine-year results from National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project B-18 J Natl Cancer Inst Monogr 30 96 102
101. U Veronesi G Bonadonna S Zurrida V Galimberti M Greco C Brambilla 1995 Conservation surgery after primary chemotherapy in large carcinomas of the breast Ann Surg 222 612 618
102. R Rouzier JM Extra M Carton MC Falcou A Vincent-Salomon A Fourquet 2001 Primary chemotherapy for operable breast cancer: incidence and prognostic significance of ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence after breast-conserving surgery J Clin Oncol 19 3828 3835 (Pubitemid 32880061)
103. JA van der Hage CJ van de Velde JP Julien M Tubiana-Hulin C Vandervelden L Duchateau 2001 Preoperative chemotherapy in primary operable breast cancer: results from the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer trial 10902 J Clin Oncol 19 4224 4237 (Pubitemid 33081640)
104. D Mauri N Pavlidis JP Ioannidis 2005 Neoadjuvant versus adjuvant systemic treatment in breast cancer: a meta-analysis J Natl Cancer Inst 97 188 194 (Pubitemid 40277368)
105. SE Singletary MD McNeese GN Hortobagyi 1992 Feasibility of breast-conservation surgery after induction chemotherapy for locally advanced breast carcinoma Cancer 69 2849 2852
106. B Fisher J Bryant N Wolmark E Mamounas A Brown ER Fisher 1998 Effect of preoperative chemotherapy on the outcome of women with operable breast cancer J Clin Oncol 16 2672 2685 (Pubitemid 28363030)
107. TA Buchholz CD Lehman JR Harris BA Pockaj N Khouri NF Hylton 2008 Statement of the science concerning locoregional treatments after preoperative chemotherapy for breast cancer: a National Cancer Institute conference J Clin Oncol 26 791 797 (Pubitemid 351265334)
108. O Gentilini M Intra S Gandini G Peruzzotti E Winnikow A Luini 2006 Ipsilateral breast tumor reappearance in patients treated with conservative surgery after primary chemotherapy. The role of surgical margins on outcome J Surg Oncol 94 375 379 (Pubitemid 44465340)
109. AM Chen F Meric-Bernstam KK Hunt HD Thames MJ Oswald ED Outlaw 2004 Breast conservation after neoadjuvant chemotherapy: the MD Anderson cancer center experience J Clin Oncol 22 2303 2312 (Pubitemid 41115386)
110. B Fowble LJ Solin DJ Schultz J Rubenstein RL Goodman 1990 Breast recurrence following conservative surgery and radiation: patterns of failure, prognosis, and pathologic findings from mastectomy specimens with implications for treatment Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 19 833 842 (Pubitemid 20345149)
111. AC Voogd FJ van Oost EJ Rutgers PH Elkhuizen AN van Geel LJ Scheijmans 2005 Long-term prognosis of patients with local recurrence after conservative surgery and radiotherapy for early breast cancer Eur J Cancer 41 2637 2644 (Pubitemid 41607554)
112. JM Kurtz R Amalric H Brandone Y Ayme JM Spitalier 1988 Results of salvage surgery for mammary recurrence following breast-conserving therapy Ann Surg 207 347 351 (Pubitemid 18088994)
113. Y Komoike F Akiyama Y Iino S Tanaka-Akashi S Ohsumi T Ikeda 2005 Analysis of ipsilateral breast tumor recurrences after breast-conserving treatment based on the classification of true recurrences and new primary tumors Breast Cancer 12 104 111
114. TE Smith D Lee BC Turner D Carter BG Haffty 2000 True recurrence vs. new primary ipsilateral breast tumor relapse: an analysis of clinical and pathologic differences and their implications in natural history, prognoses, and therapeutic management Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 48 1281 1289
115. JM Kurtz R Amalric H Brandone Y Ayme J Jacquemier JC Pietra 1989 Local recurrence after breast-conserving surgery and radiotherapy. Frequency, time course, and prognosis Cancer 63 1912 1917 (Pubitemid 19118888)
116. E Huang TA Buchholz F Meric S Krishnamurthy NQ Mirza FC Ames 2002 Classifying local disease recurrences after breast conservation therapy based on location and histology: new primary tumors have more favorable outcomes than true local disease recurrences Cancer 95 2059 2067 (Pubitemid 35253366)
117. SJ Schnitt A Abner R Gelman JL Connolly A Recht RB Duda 1994 The relationship between microscopic margins of resection and the risk of local recurrence in patients with breast cancer treated with breast-conserving surgery and radiation therapy Cancer 74 1746 1751 (Pubitemid 24301829)
118. JM Kurtz JM Spitalier R Amalric H Brandone Y Ayme J Jacquemier 1990 The prognostic significance of late local recurrence after breast-conserving therapy Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 18 87 93 (Pubitemid 20047395)
119. AL Abner A Recht T Eberlein S Come L Shulman D Hayes 1993 Prognosis following salvage mastectomy for recurrence in the breast after conservative surgery and radiation therapy for early-stage breast cancer J Clin Oncol 11 44 48 (Pubitemid 23059973)
120. MP Osborne PI Borgen GY Wong PP Rosen B McCormick 1992 Salvage mastectomy for local and regional recurrence after breast-conserving operation and radiation therapy Surg Gynecol Obstet 174 189 194
121. JM Kurtz R Amalric H Brandone Y Ayme JM Spitalier 1988 Results of wide excision for mammary recurrence after breast-conserving therapy Cancer 61 1969 1972 (Pubitemid 18123475)
122. Y Komoike K Motomura H Inaji T Kasugai H Koyama 2003 Repeat lumpectomy for patients with ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence after breast-conserving surgery Preliminary results. Oncology 64 1 6 (Pubitemid 35477947)
123. B Salvadori E Marubini R Miceli AR Conti F Cusumano S Andreola 1999 Reoperation for locally recurrent breast cancer in patients previously treated with conservative surgery Br J Surg 86 84 87 (Pubitemid 29051913)
124. A Resch C Fellner U Mock L Handl-Zeller E Biber W Seitz 2002 Locally recurrent breast cancer: pulse dose rate brachytherapy for repeat irradiation following lumpectomy-a second chance to preserve the breast Radiology 225 713 718 (Pubitemid 35387106)
125. M Deutsch 2002 Repeat high-dose external beam irradiation for in-breast tumor recurrence after previous lumpectomy and whole breast irradiation Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 53 687 691 (Pubitemid 34626508)
126. AO Wahl A Rademaker KD Kiel EL Jones LB Marks V Croog 2008 Multi-institutional review of repeat irradiation of chest wall and breast for recurrent breast cancer Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 70 477 484
127. S Galper E Blood R Gelman A Abner A Recht A Kohli 2005 Prognosis after local recurrence after conservative surgery and radiation for early-stage breast cancer Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 61 348 357 (Pubitemid 40164426)
128. Rauschecker H, Clarke M, Gatzemeier W, Recht A (2001) Systemic therapy for treating locoregional recurrence in women with breast cancer. Cochrane Database Syst Rev CD002195
129. GV Babiera R Rao L Feng F Meric-Bernstam HM Kuerer SE Singletary 2006 Effect of primary tumor extirpation in breast cancer patients who present with stage IV disease and an intact primary tumor Ann Surg Oncol 13 776 782 (Pubitemid 43727360)
130. Blanchard DK, Bhatia P, Hilsenbeck SG, Elledge RM (2006) Does surgical management of stage IV breast cancer effect outcome? SABCC
131. AR Carmichael ED Anderson U Chetty JM Dixon 2003 Does local surgery have a role in the management of stage IV breast cancer? Eur J Surg Oncol 29 17 19 (Pubitemid 36181771)
132. SA Khan AK Stewart M Morrow 2002 Does aggressive local therapy improve survival in metastatic breast cancer? Surgery 132 620 626
133. E Rapiti HM Verkooijen G Vlastos G Fioretta I Neyroud-Caspar AP Sappino 2006 Complete excision of primary breast tumor improves survival of patients with metastatic breast cancer at diagnosis J Clin Oncol 24 2743 2749 (Pubitemid 46630571)
134. J Gnerlich DB Jeffe AD Deshpande C Beers C Zander JA Margenthaler 2007 Surgical Removal of the Primary Tumor Increases Overall Survival in Patients With Metastatic Breast Cancer: Analysis of the 1988-2003 SEER Data Ann Surg Oncol 14 2187 2194 (Pubitemid 47174926)
135. RC Flanigan SE Salmon BA Blumenstein SI Bearman V Roy PC McGrath 2001 Nephrectomy followed by interferon alfa-2b compared with interferon alfa-2b alone for metastatic renal-cell cancer N Engl J Med 345 1655 1659 (Pubitemid 33126820)
136. GH Mickisch A Garin H van Poppel L de Prijck R Sylvester 2001 Radical nephrectomy plus interferon-alfa-based immunotherapy compared with interferon alfa alone in metastatic renal-cell carcinoma: a randomised trial Lancet 358 966 970 (Pubitemid 32913522)
137. L Norton J Massague 2006 Is cancer a disease of self-seeding? Nat Med 12 875 878 (Pubitemid 44175132)
138. M Al-Hajj MF Clarke 2004 Self-renewal and solid tumor stem cells Oncogene 23 7274 7282 (Pubitemid 39382161)
139. S Bao Q Wu RE McLendon Y Hao Q Shi AB Hjelmeland 2006 Glioma stem cells promote radioresistance by preferential activation of the DNA damage response Nature 444 756 760 (Pubitemid 44949604)
140. M Al-Hajj MS Wicha A Benito-Hernandez SJ Morrison MF Clarke 2003 Prospective identification of tumorigenic breast cancer cells Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 100 3983 3988 (Pubitemid 36418143)
141. FM Kong MS Anscher T Murase BD Abbott JD Iglehart RL Jirtle 1995 Elevated plasma transforming growth factor-beta 1 levels in breast cancer patients decrease after surgical removal of the tumor Ann Surg 222 155 162
142. B Tang M Vu T Booker SJ Santner FR Miller MR Anver 2003 TGF-beta switches from tumor suppressor to prometastatic factor in a model of breast cancer progression J Clin Invest 112 1116 1124 (Pubitemid 38056326)
143. YA Yang O Dukhanina B Tang M Mamura JJ Letterio J MacGregor 2002 Lifetime exposure to a soluble TGF-beta antagonist protects mice against metastasis without adverse side effects J Clin Invest 109 1607 1615 (Pubitemid 34663523)
144. KJ Kim B Li J Winer M Armanini N Gillett HS Phillips 1993 Inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor-induced angiogenesis suppresses tumour growth in vivo Nature 362 841 844
145. B Linderholm K Grankvist N Wilking M Johansson B Tavelin R Henriksson 2000 Correlation of vascular endothelial growth factor content with recurrences, survival, and first relapse site in primary node-positive breast carcinoma after adjuvant treatment J Clin Oncol 18 1423 1431 (Pubitemid 30205387)
146. BK Linderholm B Lindh L Beckman M Erlanson K Edin B Travelin 2003 Prognostic correlation of basic fibroblast growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor in 1307 primary breast cancers Clin Breast Cancer 4 340 347 (Pubitemid 38139589)
147. R Nishimura K Nagao H Miyayama M Matsuda K Baba H Yamashita 2003 Higher plasma vascular endothelial growth factor levels correlate with menopause, overexpression of p53, and recurrence of breast cancer Breast Cancer 10 120 128
148. Y Wu L Saldana R Chillar JV Vadgama 2002 Plasma vascular endothelial growth factor is useful in assessing progression of breast cancer post surgery and during adjuvant treatment Int J Oncol 20 509 516
149. S Kummel H Eggemann D Luftner A Thomas S Jeschke N Zerfel 2006 Changes in the circulating plasma levels of VEGF and VEGF-D after adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with breast cancer and 1 to 3 positive lymph nodes Anticancer Res 26 1719 1726
150. GJ Caine PS Stonelake GY Lip AD Blann 2007 Changes in plasma vascular endothelial growth factor, angiopoietins, and their receptors following surgery for breast cancer Cancer Lett 248 131 136 (Pubitemid 46319347)
151. G Curigliano JY Petit F Bertolini M Colleoni G Peruzzotti F de Braud 2005 Systemic effects of surgery: quantitative analysis of circulating basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) in patients with breast cancer who underwent limited or extended surgery Breast Cancer Res Treat 93 35 40 (Pubitemid 41355988)
152. JK Joffe RE Banks MA Forbes S Hallam A Jenkins PM Patel 1996 A phase II study of interferon-alpha, interleukin-2 and 5-fluorouracil in advanced renal carcinoma: clinical data and laboratory evidence of protease activation Br J Urol 77 638 649 (Pubitemid 27402268)
153. JR Wagner MM Walther WM Linehan DE White SA Rosenberg JC Yang 1999 Interleukin-2 based immunotherapy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma with the kidney in place J Urol 162 43 45 (Pubitemid 29420876)
154. A Baildam H Bishop G Boland M Dalglish L Davies F Fatah 2007 Oncoplastic breast surgery-a guide to good practice Eur J Surg Oncol 33 Suppl 1 S1 S23
155. BO Anderson R Masetti MJ Silverstein 2005 Oncoplastic approaches to partial mastectomy: an overview of volume-displacement techniques Lancet Oncol 6 145 157 (Pubitemid 40305383)
156. KS Asgeirsson T Rasheed SJ McCulley RD Macmillan 2005 Oncological and cosmetic outcomes of oncoplastic breast conserving surgery Eur J Surg Oncol 31 817 823 (Pubitemid 41435249)
157. KB Clough JS Lewis B Couturaud A Fitoussi C Nos MC Falcou 2003 Oncoplastic techniques allow extensive resections for breast-conserving therapy of breast carcinomas Ann Surg 237 26 34 (Pubitemid 36622314)
158. F Fitzal G Nehrer M Deutinger R Jakesz M Gnant 2007 Novel strategies in oncoplastic surgery for breast cancer: immediate partial reconstruction of breast defects Eur Surg 39 330 339
159. F Fitzal G Nehrer D Hoch O Riedl S Gutharc M Deutinger 2007 An oncoplastic procedure for central and medio-cranial breast cancer Eur J Surg Oncol 33 1158 1163 (Pubitemid 350107730)
160. F Fitzal G Nehrer M Mittlbock H Trischler W Krois M Deutinger R Jakesz M Gnant 2008 Breast conserving therapy for centrally located breast cancer Ann Surg 247 470 476
161. SJ McCulley P Durani RD Macmillan 2006 Therapeutic mammaplasty for centrally located breast tumors Plast Reconstr Surg 117 366 373 (Pubitemid 44400619)
162. KB Clough SS Kroll W Audretsch 1999 An approach to the repair of partial mastectomy defects Plast Reconstr Surg 104 409 420 (Pubitemid 29350365)
163. RA Cochrane P Valasiadou AR Wilson SK Al-Ghazal RD Macmillan 2003 Cosmesis and satisfaction after breast-conserving surgery correlates with the percentage of breast volume excised Br J Surg 90 1505 1509 (Pubitemid 37533166)
164. GG Fedorcik R Sachs MA Goldfarb 2006 Oncologic and aesthetic results following breast-conserving therapy with 0.5 cm margins in 100 consecutive patients Breast J 12 208 211
165. C Vrieling L Collette A Fourquet WJ Hoogenraad JH Horiot JJ Jager 2000 The influence of patient, tumor and treatment factors on the cosmetic results after breast-conserving therapy in the EORTC 'boost vs. no boost' trial. EORTC Radiotherapy and Breast Cancer Cooperative Groups Radiother Oncol 55 219 232
166. E Van Limbergen A Rijnders E van der Schueren T Lerut R Christiaens K Van Tongelen 1989 Cosmetic evaluation of breast conserving treatment for mammary cancer. 2. A quantitative analysis of the influence of radiation dose, fractionation schedules and surgical treatment techniques on cosmetic results Radiother Oncol 16 253 267 (Pubitemid 20015708)
167. AM Moody WP Mayles JM Bliss RP A'Hern JR Owen J Regan 1994 The influence of breast size on late radiation effects and association with radiotherapy dose inhomogeneity Radiother Oncol 33 106 112
168. F Fitzal M Gnant 2006 Breast conservation: evolution of surgical strategies Breast J 12 S165 S173
169. M Morrow C Bucci A Rademaker 1998 Medical contraindications are not a major factor in the underutilization of breast conserving therapy J Am Coll Surg 186 269 274 (Pubitemid 28134560)
170. B Fisher JH Jeong S Anderson J Bryant ER Fisher N Wolmark 2002 Twenty-five-year follow-up of a randomized trial comparing radical mastectomy, total mastectomy, and total mastectomy followed by irradiation N Engl J Med 347 567 575 (Pubitemid 34898869)
171. PL Giacalone O Dubon P Roger N El Gareh S Rihaoui JP Daures 2007 Doughnut mastopexy lumpectomy versus standard lumpectomy in breast cancer surgery: a prospective study Eur J Surg Oncol 33 301 306 (Pubitemid 46508643)
172. JY Petit C Garusi M Greuse M Rietiens O Youssef A Luini 2002 One hundred and eleven cases of breast conservation treatment with simultaneous reconstruction at the European Institute of Oncology (Milan) Tumori 88 41 47 (Pubitemid 34269798)
173. PL Giacalone P Roger O Dubon N El Gareh S Rihaoui P Taourel 2007 Comparative study of the accuracy of breast resection in oncoplastic surgery and quadrantectomy in breast cancer Ann Surg Oncol 14 605 614 (Pubitemid 46175306)
174. N Kaur JY Petit M Rietjens F Maffini A Luini G Gatti 2005 Comparative study of surgical margins in oncoplastic surgery and quadrantectomy in breast cancer Ann Surg Oncol 12 539 545 (Pubitemid 40898036)
175. E Chang N Johnson B Webber J Booth D Rahhal D Gannett 2004 Bilateral reduction mammoplasty in combination with lumpectomy for treatment of breast cancer in patients with macromastia Am J Surg 187 647 650
176. AM Munhoz JR Filassi C Aldrighi MD Ricci E Martella AC de Barros 2007 Bilateral reduction mammaplasty for immediate breast conservation surgery reconstruction and intraoperative radiotherapy: a preliminary report Aesthetic Plast Surg 31 94 100 (Pubitemid 46214090)
177. AM Munhoz E Montag EG Arruda C Aldrighi R Gemperli JM Aldrighi 2006 Critical analysis of reduction mammaplasty techniques in combination with conservative breast surgery for early breast cancer treatment Plast Reconstr Surg 117 1091 1103 (Pubitemid 44317793)
178. AM Munhoz E Montag EG Arruda C Aldrighi R Gemperli JM Aldrighi 2006 Superior-medial dermoglandular pedicle reduction mammaplasty for immediate conservative breast surgery reconstruction: technical aspects and outcome Ann Plast Surg 57 502 508 (Pubitemid 44632150)
179. AE Giuliano RC Jones M Brennan R Statman 1997 Sentinel lymphadenectomy in breast cancer J Clin Oncol 15 2345 2350 (Pubitemid 27251137)
180. T Kim AE Giuliano GH Lyman 2006 Lymphatic mapping and sentinel lymph node biopsy in early-stage breast carcinoma: a metaanalysis Cancer 106 4 16 (Pubitemid 43033320)
181. H Gallowitsch P Konstantiniuk L Jörg A Urbania F Kugler W Peschina 2002 Identification of sentinel lymph nodes in breast cancer by lymphoscintigraphy and gamma probe guidance: dependence on rout of injection and tumor location Eur Surg 34 267 271 (Pubitemid 36124684)
182. WD Blessing AJ Stolier SC Teng JS Bolton GM Fuhrman 2002 A comparison of methylene blue and lymphazurin in breast cancer sentinel node mapping Am J Surg 184 341 345 (Pubitemid 35287355)
183. JJ Albertini GH Lyman C Cox T Yeatman L Balducci N Ku 1996 Lymphatic mapping and sentinel node biopsy in the patient with breast cancer JAMA 276 1818 1822 (Pubitemid 26406231)
184. KM McMasters TM Tuttle DJ Carlson CM Brown RD Noyes RL Glaser 2000 Sentinel lymph node biopsy for breast cancer: a suitable alternative to routine axillary dissection in multi-institutional practice when optimal technique is used J Clin Oncol 18 2560 2566 (Pubitemid 30432522)
185. DN Krag SJ Anderson TB Julian AM Brown SP Harlow T Ashikaga 2007 Technical outcomes of sentinel-lymph-node resection and conventional axillary-lymph-node dissection in patients with clinically node-negative breast cancer: results from the NSABP B-32 randomised phase III trial Lancet Oncol 8 881 888 (Pubitemid 47488052)
186. A Haid P Schrenk S Roka S Taucher B Pichler-Gebhard M Rudas 2002 The importance of sentinel node biopsy in breast surgery Eur Surg 34 262 266 (Pubitemid 36124683)
187. VS Klimberg IT Rubio R Henry C Cowan M Colvert S Korourian 1999 Subareolar versus peritumoral injection for location of the sentinel lymph node Ann Surg 229 860 864
188. M Morrow AW Rademaker KP Bethke MS Talamonti LG Dawes J Clauson 1999 Learning sentinel node biopsy: results of a prospective randomized trial of two techniques Surgery 126 714 720
189. HS Cody 3rd AD Hill KN Tran MF Brennan PI Borgen 1999 Credentialing for breast lymphatic mapping: how many cases are enough? Ann Surg 229 723 726
190. RC Martin 2nd A Chagpar CR Scoggins MJ Edwards L Hagendoorn AJ Stromberg 2005 Clinicopathologic factors associated with false-negative sentinel lymph-node biopsy in breast cancer Ann Surg 241 1005 1012
191. L Tafra DR Lannin MS Swanson JJ Van Eyk KM Verbanac AN Chua 2001 Multicenter trial of sentinel node biopsy for breast cancer using both technetium sulfur colloid and isosulfan blue dye Ann Surg 233 51 59 (Pubitemid 32042775)
192. U Veronesi G Paganelli G Viale A Luini S Zurrida V Galimberti 2003 A randomized comparison of sentinel-node biopsy with routine axillary dissection in breast cancer N Engl J Med 349 546 553 (Pubitemid 36951366)
193. G Zavagno GL De Salvo G Scalco F Bozza L Barutta P Del Bianco 2008 A Randomized clinical trial on sentinel lymph node biopsy versus axillary lymph node dissection in breast cancer: results of the Sentinella/GIVOM trial Ann Surg 247 207 213 (Pubitemid 351156760)
194. L Bergkvist J de Boniface PE Jonsson C Ingvar G Liljegren J Frisell 2008 Axillary recurrence rate after negative sentinel node biopsy in breast cancer: three-year follow-up of the Swedish Multicenter Cohort Study Ann Surg 247 150 156
195. U Veronesi V Galimberti L Mariani G Gatti G Paganelli G Viale 2005 Sentinel node biopsy in breast cancer: early results in 953 patients with negative sentinel node biopsy and no axillary dissection Eur J Cancer 41 231 237 (Pubitemid 40126955)
196. KK Swenson A Mahipal MJ Nissen TM Tuttle K Heaton RM Lally 2005 Axillary disease recurrence after sentinel lymph node dissection for breast carcinoma Cancer 104 1834 1839 (Pubitemid 41513165)
197. JA Palesty JM Foster TC Hurd N Watroba H Rezaishiraz SB Edge 2006 Axillary recurrence in women with a negative sentinel lymph node and no axillary dissection in breast cancer J Surg Oncol 93 129 132 (Pubitemid 43235258)
198. GP Kuijt LV van de Poll-Franse AC Voogd GA Nieuwenhuijzen RM Roumen 2007 Survival after negative sentinel lymph node biopsy in breast cancer at least equivalent to after negative extensive axillary dissection Eur J Surg Oncol 33 832 837 (Pubitemid 47279045)
199. AM Naik J Fey M Gemignani A Heerdt L Montgomery J Petrek 2004 The risk of axillary relapse after sentinel lymph node biopsy for breast cancer is comparable with that of axillary lymph node dissection: a follow-up study of 4008 procedures Ann Surg 240 462 468
200. Kim HJ, Son BH, Park EW, Lim WS, Seo JY, Jang MA et al (2008) Axillary recurrence after negative sentinel lymph node biopsy. Breast Cancer Res Treat
201. Julian T, Fourchotte V, Anderson S, Mamounas E, Constantino J, Boudros N et al (2006) Predictive factors that identify patients not requiring a sentinel node biopsy: Continued analysis of the NSABP-B32 sentinel node trial. SABCS
202. G Viale S Zurrida E Maiorano G Mazzarol G Pruneri G Paganelli 2005 Predicting the status of axillary sentinel lymph nodes in 4351 patients with invasive breast carcinoma treated in a single institution Cancer 103 492 500
203. RE Mansel L Fallowfield M Kissin A Goyal RG Newcombe JM Dixon 2006 Randomized multicenter trial of sentinel node biopsy versus standard axillary treatment in operable breast cancer: the ALMANAC Trial J Natl Cancer Inst 98 599 609 (Pubitemid 43904843)
204. AD Purushotham S Upponi MB Klevesath L Bobrow K Millar JP Myles 2005 Morbidity after sentinel lymph node biopsy in primary breast cancer: results from a randomized controlled trial J Clin Oncol 23 4312 4321 (Pubitemid 46209968)
205. SL Wong MJ Edwards C Chao TM Tuttle RD Noyes DJ Carlson 2001 Sentinel lymph node biopsy for breast cancer: impact of the number of sentinel nodes removed on the false-negative rate J Am Coll Surg 192 684 689
206. JK Salama R Heimann F Lin N Mehta SJ Chmura R Singh 2005 Does the number of lymph nodes examined in patients with lymph node-negative breast carcinoma have prognostic significance? Cancer 103 664 671 (Pubitemid 40216392)
207. M Yi F Meric-Bernstam MI Ross JS Akins RF Hwang A Lucci 2008 How many sentinel lymph nodes are enough during sentinel lymph node dissection for breast cancer? Cancer 113 30 37 (Pubitemid 351976383)
208. P Schrenk W Rehberger A Shamiyeh W Wayand 2002 Sentinel node biopsy for breast cancer: does the number of sentinel nodes removed have an impact on the accuracy of finding a positive node? J Surg Oncol 80 130 136 (Pubitemid 34747617)
209. P Schrenk W Wayand 2001 Sentinel-node biopsy in axillary lymph-node staging for patients with multicentric breast cancer Lancet 357 122 (Pubitemid 32094920)
210. E Tousimis KJ Van Zee JV Fey LW Hoque LK Tan HS Cody 3rd 2003 The accuracy of sentinel lymph node biopsy in multicentric and multifocal invasive breast cancers J Am Coll Surg 197 529 535 (Pubitemid 38223835)
211. Kim HJ, Hong SJ, Lee SJ, Jeong MS, Son BH, Ahn SH (2006) Sentinel biopsy in patients with multifocal breast cancer. SABCS
212. HJ Kim JS Lee EH Park SL Choi WS Lim MA Chang 2008 Sentinel node biopsy in patients with multiple breast cancer Breast Cancer Res Treat 109 503 506 (Pubitemid 351692061)
213. O Gentilini G Trifiro J Soteldo A Luini M Intra V Galimberti 2006 Sentinel lymph node biopsy in multicentric breast cancer. The experience of the European Institute of Oncology Eur J Surg Oncol 32 507 510 (Pubitemid 44226007)
214. A Ferrari P Dionigi F Rovera L Boni G Limonta S Garancini 2006 Multifocality and multicentricity are not contraindications for sentinel lymph node biopsy in breast cancer surgery World J Surg Oncol 4 79
215. Y Xing M Foy DD Cox HM Kuerer KK Hunt JN Cormier 2006 Meta-analysis of sentinel lymph node biopsy after preoperative chemotherapy in patients with breast cancer Br J Surg 93 539 546
216. G Cserni D Gregori F Merletti A Sapino MP Mano A Ponti 2004 Meta-analysis of non-sentinel node metastases associated with micrometastatic sentinel nodes in breast cancer Br J Surg 91 1245 1252 (Pubitemid 39331448)
217. GH Lyman AE Giuliano MR Somerfield AB Benson 3rd DC Bodurka HJ Burstein 2005 American Society of Clinical Oncology guideline recommendations for sentinel lymph node biopsy in early-stage breast cancer J Clin Oncol 23 7703 7720 (Pubitemid 46291835)
218. Cody HS 3rd (2006) Reoperative sentinel lymph node biopsy: adding nuance to the management of locally recurrent breast cancer. Ann Surg Oncol
219. ER Port J Fey ML Gemignani AS Heerdt LL Montgomery JA Petrek 2002 Reoperative sentinel lymph node biopsy: a new option for patients with primary or locally recurrent breast carcinoma J Am Coll Surg 195 167 172 (Pubitemid 34832675)
220. ER Port CA Garcia-Etienne J Park J Fey PI Borgen HS Cody 3rd 2007 Reoperative sentinel lymph node biopsy: a new frontier in the management of ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence Ann Surg Oncol 14 2209 2214 (Pubitemid 47174900)
221. EA Newman VM Cimmino MS Sabel KM Diehl KA Frey AE Chang 2006 Lymphatic mapping and sentinel lymph node biopsy for patients with local recurrence after breast-conservation therapy Ann Surg Oncol 13 52 57 (Pubitemid 43117645)
222. LA Newman 2007 Lymphatic mapping and sentinel lymph node biopsy for locally recurrent breast cancer: new clues to understanding the biology of chest wall relapse Ann Surg Oncol 14 2182 2184 (Pubitemid 47174911)