The different levels of genetic diversity in sex chromosomes and autosomes

Trends in Genetics

Volumn 25, Issue 6, 2009, Pages 278-284

  Ellegren, Hans ^a  

^a UPPSALA UNIVERSITY   (Sweden)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

DNA;

AUTOSOME; DEMOGRAPHY; DNA SEQUENCE; EFFECTIVE POPULATION SIZE; GENE MUTATION; GENETIC SELECTION; GENETIC VARIABILITY; GENOME ANALYSIS; NATURAL SELECTION; NONHUMAN; POLYGYNY; POPULATION MIGRATION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN FUNCTION; REVIEW; SEX CHROMOSOME; SEX DIFFERENCE; SPECIES DIFFERENCE; X CHROMOSOME;

FEMALE; GENETIC VARIATION; HUMANS; MALE; SELECTION (GENETICS); SEX CHROMOSOMES;

EID: 66449105907     PISSN: 01689525     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2009.04.005     Document Type: Review

References (60)

1. Chimpanzee Sequencing and Analysis Consortium (2005) Initial sequence of the chimpanzee genome and comparison with the human genome. Nature 437, 69-87
2. Ellegren H., et al. Mutation rate variation in the mammalian genome. Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev. 13 (2003) 562-568
3. Reich D.E., et al. Human genome sequence variation and the influence of gene history, mutation and recombination. Nat. Genet. 32 (2002) 135-142
4. Phillips N., et al. Spontaneous mutational and standing genetic (co)variation at dinucleotide microsatellites in Caenorhabditis briggsae and Caenorhabditis elegans. Mol. Biol. Evol. 26 (2009) 659-669
5. Thornton K.R., et al. Progress and prospects in mapping recent selection in the genome. Heredity 98 (2007) 340-348
6. Charlesworth B. Effective population size and patterns of molecular evolution and variation. Nat. Rev. Genet. 10 (2009) 195-205
7. Vicoso B., and Charlesworth B. Evolution on the X chromosome: unusual patterns and processes. Nat. Rev. Genet. 7 (2006) 645-653
8. Hedrick P.W. Sex: differences in mutation, recombination, selection, gene flow, and genetic drift. Evolution 61 (2007) 2750-2771
9. Schaffner S.F. The X chromosome in population genetics. Nat. Rev. Genet. 5 (2004) 43-51
10. Charlesworth B. The organization and evolution of the human Y chromosome. Genome Biol. 4 (2003) 226
11. Charlesworth B., and Charlesworth D. The degeneration of Y chromosomes. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B. Biol. Sci. 355 (2000) 1563-1572
12. Caballero A. Developments in the prediction of effective population-size. Heredity 73 (1994) 657-679
13. Caballero A. On the effective population size of populations with separate sexes, with particular reference to sex-linked genes. Genetics 139 (1995) 1007-1011
14. Charlesworth B. The effect of life-history and mode of inheritance on neutral genetic variability. Genet. Res. 77 (2001) 153-166
15. Li W.H., et al. Male-driven evolution. Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev. 12 (2002) 650-656
16. Ellegren H. Characteristics, causes and evolutionary consequences of male-biased mutation. Proc. Biol. Sci. 274 (2007) 1-10
17. Bartosch-Harlid A., et al. Life history and the male mutation bias. Evolution 57 (2003) 2398-2406
18. Wilkins J.F. Unraveling male and female histories from human genetic data. Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev. 16 (2006) 611-617
19. Fay J.C., and Wu C.I. A human population bottleneck can account for the discordance between patterns of mitochondrial versus nuclear DNA variation. Mol. Biol. Evol. 16 (1999) 1003-1005
20. Hey J., and Harris E. Population bottlenecks and patterns of human polymorphism. Mol. Biol. Evol. 16 (1999) 1423-1426
21. Wall J.D., et al. Testing models of selection and demography in Drosophila simulans. Genetics 162 (2002) 203-216
22. Pool J.E., and Nielsen R. Population size changes reshape genomic patterns of diversity. Evolution 61 (2007) 3001-3006
23. Pool J.E., and Nielsen R. The impact of founder events on chromosomal variability in multiply mating species. Mol. Biol. Evol. 25 (2008) 1728-1736
24. Qvarnstrom A., and Bailey R.I. Speciation through evolution of sex-linked genes. Heredity 102 (2009) 4-15
25. Coyne J.A., and Orr H.A. Speciation (2004), Sinauer Associates
26. Baines J.F., and Harr B. Reduced X-linked diversity in derived populations of house mice. Genetics 175 (2007) 1911-1921
27. Charlesworth B., et al. The effect of deleterious mutations on neutral molecular variation. Genetics 134 (1993) 1289-1303
28. Smith J.M., and Haigh J. Hitch-hiking effect of a favorable gene. Genet. Res. 23 (1974) 23-35
29. Viscoso B., and Charlesworth B. Recombination rates may affect the ratio of X to autosomal non-coding polymorphism in African populations of Drosophila melanogaster. Genetics 181 (2009) 1699-1701
30. Begun D.J., and Aquadro C.F. Levels of naturally-occurring DNA polymorphism correlate with recombination rates in Drosophila melanogaster. Nature 356 (1992) 519-520
31. Lercher M.J., and Hurst L.D. Human SNP variability and mutation rate are higher in regions of high recombination. Trends Genet. 18 (2002) 337-340
32. Betancourt A.J., et al. A pseudohitchhiking model of x vs. autosomal diversity. Genetics 168 (2004) 2261-2269
33. Charlesworth B., et al. The relative rates of evolution sex-chromosomes and autosomes. Am. Nat. 130 (1987) 113-146
34. Orr H.A., and Betancourt A.J. Haldane's sieve and adaptation from the standing genetic variation. Genetics 157 (2001) 875-884
35. Singh N.D., and Petrov D.A. Evolution of gene function on the X chromosome versus the autosomes. Genome Dyn. 3 (2007) 101-118
36. Zechner U., et al. A high density of X-linked genes for general cognitive ability: a run-away process shaping human evolution?. Trends Genet. 17 (2001) 697-701
37. Rice W.R. Sex-chromosomes and the evolution of sexual dimorphism. Evolution 38 (1984) 735-742
38. Ellegren H., and Parsch J. The evolution of sex-biased genes and sex-biased gene expression. Nat. Rev. Genet. 8 (2007) 689-698
39. Keinan A., et al. Accelerated genetic drift on chromosome X during the human dispersal out of Africa. Nat. Genet. 41 (2009) 66-70
40. Hammer, M.F. et al. (2008) Sex-biased evolutionary forces shape genomic patterns of human diversity. PLoS Genet. 4, e1000202
41. Bustamante C.D., and Ramachandran S. Evaluating signatures of sex-specific processes in the human genome. Nat. Genet. 41 (2009) 8-10
42. Andolfatto P. Contrasting patterns of X-linked and autosomal nucleotide variation in Drosophila melanogaster and Drosophila simulans. Mol. Biol. Evol. 18 (2001) 279-290
43. Hutter S., et al. Distinctly different sex ratios in African and European populations of Drosophila melanogaster inferred from chromosomewide single nucleotide polymorphism data. Genetics 177 (2007) 469-480
44. Sundstrom H., et al. Reduced variation on the chicken Z chromosome. Genetics 167 (2004) 377-385
45. Borge T., et al. Contrasting patterns of polymorphism and divergence on the Z chromosome and autosomes in two Ficedula flycatcher species. Genetics 171 (2005) 1861-1873
46. Saether S.A., et al. Sex chromosome-linked species recognition and evolution of reproductive isolation in flycatchers. Science 318 (2007) 95-97
47. Servedio M.R., and Saetre G.P. Speciation as a positive feedback loop between postzygotic and prezygotic barriers to gene flow. Proc. Biol. Sci. 270 (2003) 1473-1479
48. Mank J.E., et al. Fast-X on the Z: Rapid evolution of sex-linked genes in birds. Genome Res. 17 (2007) 618-624
49. Ellegren H. Genomic evidence for a large-Z effect. Proc Biol Sci. 276 (2009) 361-366
50. Zhai W., et al. An investigation of the statistical power of neutrality tests based on comparative and population genetic data. Mol Biol Evol. 26 (2009) 273-283
51. Nielsen R., et al. Recent and ongoing selection in the human genome. Nat. Rev. Genet. 8 (2007) 857-868
52. Nielsen R. Molecular signatures of natural selection. Annu. Rev. Genet. 39 (2005) 197-218
53. Wright S.I., and Andolfatto P. The impact of natural selection on the genome: emerging patterns in Drosophila and Arabidopsis. Annu Rev Ecol Syst. 39 (2008) 193-213
54. Makova K.D., and Li W.H. Strong male-driven evolution of DNA sequences in humans and apes. Nature 416 (2002) 624-626
55. Yu N., et al. DNA polymorphism in a worldwide sample of human X chromosomes. Mol. Biol. Evol. 19 (2002) 2131-2141
56. Sachidanandam R., et al. A map of human genome sequence variation containing 1.42 million single nucleotide polymorphisms. Nature 409 (2001) 928-933
57. Gibbs R.A., et al. Evolutionary and biomedical insights from the rhesus macaque genome. Science 316 (2007) 222-234
58. Singh N.D., et al. Similar levels of X-linked and autosomal nucleotide variation in African and non-African populations of Drosophila melanogaster. BMC Evol. Biol. 7 (2007) 202
59. Begun D.J., et al. Population genomics: Whole-genome analysis of polymorphism and divergence in Drosophila simulans. PLoS Biol. 5 (2007) e310
60. Begun D.J., and Whitley P. Reduced X-linked nucleotide polymorphism in Drosophila simulans. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 97 (2000) 5960-5965