메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 57, Issue 2, 2001, Pages 79-89

Prevention of nosocomial pneumonia in patients treated with invasive ventilation;Prévention des pneumonies nosocomiales chez les patients traités par ventilation invasive

Author keywords

Mechanical ventilation; Nosocomial pneumonia; Prevention

Indexed keywords

ARTIFICIAL VENTILATION; ASPIRATION PNEUMONIA; COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS; HEALTH CARE COST; HEALTH CARE QUALITY; HOSPITAL INFECTION; HUMAN; HYGIENE; INFECTION RISK; INTENSIVE CARE; INTUBATION; PATIENT CARE; PNEUMONIA; REVIEW; RISK FACTOR; TRACHEOTOMY;

EID: 6644228464     PISSN: 07618417     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (3)

References (128)
  • 1
    • 0033001562 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Controversies on diagnosis and prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia
    • Bonten M. J. : Controversies on diagnosis and prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia. Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis., 1999, 34, 199-204.
    • (1999) Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. , vol.34 , pp. 199-204
    • Bonten, M.J.1
  • 2
    • 0032939662 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The attributable morbidity and mortality of ventilator-associated pneumonia in the critically ill patient
    • The Canadian Critical Trials Group
    • Heyland D. K., Cook D. J., Griffith L., Keenan S. P., Brun-Buisson C. : The attributable morbidity and mortality of ventilator-associated pneumonia in the critically ill patient. The Canadian Critical Trials Group. Am. J. Respir: Crit. Care. Med., 1999, 159 (Pt 1), 1249-56.
    • (1999) Am. J. Respir: Crit. Care. Med. , vol.159 , Issue.1 PART , pp. 1249-1256
    • Heyland, D.K.1    Cook, D.J.2    Griffith, L.3    Keenan, S.P.4    Brun-Buisson, C.5
  • 4
    • 0029148091 scopus 로고
    • The prevalence of nosocomial infection in intensive care units in Europe. Results of the European Prevalence of Infection in Intensive Care (EPIC) Study
    • EPIC International Advisory Committee [see comments]
    • Vincent J. L., Bihari D. J., Suter P. M., Bruining H. A., White J, Nicolas-Chanoin M. H., Wolff M., Spencer R. C., Hemmer M. : The prevalence of nosocomial infection in intensive care units in Europe. Results of the European Prevalence of Infection in Intensive Care (EPIC) Study. EPIC International Advisory Committee [see comments]. JAMA, 1995, 274, 639-44.
    • (1995) JAMA , vol.274 , pp. 639-644
    • Vincent, J.L.1    Bihari, D.J.2    Suter, P.M.3    Bruining, H.A.4    White, J.5    Nicolas-Chanoin, M.H.6    Wolff, M.7    Spencer, R.C.8    Hemmer, M.9
  • 5
    • 0030009232 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nosocomial pneumonia and mortality among patients in intensive care units
    • Fagon J. Y., Chastre J, Vuagnat A., Trouillet J. L., Novara A., Gibert C. : Nosocomial pneumonia and mortality among patients in intensive care units. JAMA, 1996, 275, 866-9.
    • (1996) JAMA , vol.275 , pp. 866-869
    • Fagon, J.Y.1    Chastre, J.2    Vuagnat, A.3    Trouillet, J.L.4    Novara, A.5    Gibert, C.6
  • 7
    • 0027244587 scopus 로고
    • Incidence and risk factors of pneumonia acquired in intensive care units. Results from a multicenter prospective study on 996 patients
    • European Cooperative Group on Nosocomial Pneumonia
    • Chevret S., Hemmer M., Carlet J., Langer M. : Incidence and risk factors of pneumonia acquired in intensive care units. Results from a multicenter prospective study on 996 patients. European Cooperative Group on Nosocomial Pneumonia. Intensive Care Med., 1993, 19, 256-64.
    • (1993) Intensive Care Med. , vol.19 , pp. 256-264
    • Chevret, S.1    Hemmer, M.2    Carlet, J.3    Langer, M.4
  • 9
  • 10
    • 0029861159 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of outcome for intubated patients with pneumonia due to Pseudomonas, aeruginosa
    • Rello J., Jubert P., Valles J., Artigas A., Rue M., Niederman M. S. : Evaluation of outcome for intubated patients with pneumonia due to Pseudomonas, aeruginosa. Clin Infect. Dis., 1996, 23, 973-8.
    • (1996) Clin Infect. Dis. , vol.23 , pp. 973-978
    • Rello, J.1    Jubert, P.2    Valles, J.3    Artigas, A.4    Rue, M.5    Niederman, M.S.6
  • 12
    • 0026275937 scopus 로고
    • Impact of ICU nosocomial infections on outcome from surgical care
    • Bjerke H. S., Leyerle B., Shabot M. M. : Impact of ICU nosocomial infections on outcome from surgical care. Am. Surg., 1991, 57, 798-802.
    • (1991) Am. Surg. , vol.57 , pp. 798-802
    • Bjerke, H.S.1    Leyerle, B.2    Shabot, M.M.3
  • 13
    • 0034623604 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association of noninvasive ventilation with nosocomial infections and survival in critically ill patients
    • Girou E., Schortgen F., Delclaux C., Brun-Buisson C., Blot F., Lefort Y., Lemaire F., Brochard L. : Association of noninvasive ventilation with nosocomial infections and survival in critically ill patients [In Process Citation]. JAMA, 2000, 284, 2361-7.
    • (2000) JAMA , vol.284 , pp. 2361-2367
    • Girou, E.1    Schortgen, F.2    Delclaux, C.3    Brun-Buisson, C.4    Blot, F.5    Lefort, Y.6    Lemaire, F.7    Brochard, L.8
  • 14
    • 0030696106 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Facial mask noninvasive mechanical ventilation reduces the incidence of nosocomial pneumonia. A prospective epidemiological survey from a single ICU
    • published erratum appears in Intensive Care Med 1998 Jan : 24(1) : 27
    • Guerin C., Girard R., Chemorin C., De Varax R., Fournier G. : Facial mask noninvasive mechanical ventilation reduces the incidence of nosocomial pneumonia. A prospective epidemiological survey from a single ICU [published erratum appears in Intensive Care Med 1998 Jan : 24(1) : 27]. Intensive Care Med., 1997, 23, 1024-32.
    • (1997) Intensive Care Med. , vol.23 , pp. 1024-1032
    • Guerin, C.1    Girard, R.2    Chemorin, C.3    De Varax, R.4    Fournier, G.5
  • 15
    • 0033054503 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does noninvasive ventilation reduce the ICU nosocomial infection risk ? A prospective clinical survey
    • Nourdine K., Combes P., Carton M. J., Beuret P., Cannamela A., Ducreux J. C. : Does noninvasive ventilation reduce the ICU nosocomial infection risk ? A prospective clinical survey [see comments]. Intensive Care Med., 1999, 25, 567-73.
    • (1999) Intensive Care Med. , vol.25 , pp. 567-573
    • Nourdine, K.1    Combes, P.2    Carton, M.J.3    Beuret, P.4    Cannamela, A.5    Ducreux, J.C.6
  • 16
    • 0032514508 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation and conventional mechanical ventilation in patients with acute respiratory failure
    • Antonelli M., Conti G., Rocco M., Bufi M., De Blasi R. A., Vivino G., Gasparetto A., Meduri G. U. : A comparison of noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation and conventional mechanical ventilation in patients with acute respiratory failure [see comments]. N. Engl J. Med., 1998, 339, 429-35.
    • (1998) N. Engl J. Med. , vol.339 , pp. 429-435
    • Antonelli, M.1    Conti, G.2    Rocco, M.3    Bufi, M.4    De Blasi, R.A.5    Vivino, G.6    Gasparetto, A.7    Meduri, G.U.8
  • 17
    • 0032079550 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Noninvasive mechanical ventilation in the weaning of patients with respiratory failure due to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. A randomized, controlled trial
    • Nava S., Ambrosino N., Clini E., Prato M., Orlando G, Vitacca M., Brigada P., Fracchia C., Rubini F. : Noninvasive mechanical ventilation in the weaning of patients with respiratory failure due to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. A randomized, controlled trial. Ann. Intern. Med., 1998, 128, 721-8.
    • (1998) Ann. Intern. Med. , vol.128 , pp. 721-728
    • Nava, S.1    Ambrosino, N.2    Clini, E.3    Prato, M.4    Orlando, G.5    Vitacca, M.6    Brigada, P.7    Fracchia, C.8    Rubini, F.9
  • 21
    • 0032572110 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk factors for ICU-acquired pneumonia
    • Cook D. J., Kollef M. H. : Risk factors for ICU-acquired pneumonia. JAMA, 1998, 279, 1605-6.
    • (1998) JAMA , vol.279 , pp. 1605-1606
    • Cook, D.J.1    Kollef, M.H.2
  • 22
    • 0032771193 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Noninvasive ventilation as a systematic extubation and weaning technique in acute-on-chronic respiratory failure : A prospective, randomized controlled study
    • Girault C., Daudenthun I., Chevron V., Tamion F., Leroy J., Bonmarchand G. : Noninvasive ventilation as a systematic extubation and weaning technique in acute-on-chronic respiratory failure : a prospective, randomized controlled study. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., 1999, 160, 86-92.
    • (1999) Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. , vol.160 , pp. 86-92
    • Girault, C.1    Daudenthun, I.2    Chevron, V.3    Tamion, F.4    Leroy, J.5    Bonmarchand, G.6
  • 23
    • 0034682246 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Daily interruption of sedative infusions in critically ill patients undergoing mechanical ventilation
    • Kress J. P., Pohlman A. S, O'Connor M. F., Hall J. B. : Daily interruption of sedative infusions in critically ill patients undergoing mechanical ventilation [see comments]. N. Engl. J. Med., 2000, 342, 1471-7.
    • (2000) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.342 , pp. 1471-1477
    • Kress, J.P.1    Pohlman, A.S.2    O'Connor, M.F.3    Hall, J.B.4
  • 25
    • 6644230546 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • XVIII conference de consensus en réanimation
    • XVIII conference de consensus en réanimation. Réanim. Urg., 1998, 7, 435-525.
    • (1998) Réanim. Urg. , vol.7 , pp. 435-525
  • 26
    • 0033018177 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomized study assessing the systematic search for maxillary sinusitis in nasotracheally mechanically ventilated patients. Influence of nosocomial maxillary sinusitis on the occurrence of ventilator-associated pneumonia
    • Holzapfel L., Chastang C., Demingeon G., Bohe J., Piralla B., Coupry A : A randomized study assessing the systematic search for maxillary sinusitis in nasotracheally mechanically ventilated patients. Influence of nosocomial maxillary sinusitis on the occurrence of ventilator-associated pneumonia [see comments]. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med, 1999, 159, 695-701.
    • (1999) Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med , vol.159 , pp. 695-701
    • Holzapfel, L.1    Chastang, C.2    Demingeon, G.3    Bohe, J.4    Piralla, B.5    Coupry, A.6
  • 28
    • 0029761486 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sinusitis in mechanically ventilated patients and its role in the pathogenesis of nosocomial pneumonia
    • Bert F., Lambert-Zechovsky N. : Sinusitis in mechanically ventilated patients and its role in the pathogenesis of nosocomial pneumonia. Eur. J Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis., 1996, 15, 533-44.
    • (1996) Eur. J Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. , vol.15 , pp. 533-544
    • Bert, F.1    Lambert-Zechovsky, N.2
  • 29
    • 0027165243 scopus 로고
    • Influence of long-term oro- or nasotracheal intubation on nosocomial maxillary sinusitis and pneumonia : Results of a prospective, randomized, clinical trial
    • Holzapfel L., Chevret S., Madinier G., Ohen F., Demmgeon G., Coupry A., Chaudet M. : Influence of long-term oro- or nasotracheal intubation on nosocomial maxillary sinusitis and pneumonia : results of a prospective, randomized, clinical trial [see comments]. Crit. Care Med., 1993, 21, 1132-8.
    • (1993) Crit. Care Med. , vol.21 , pp. 1132-1138
    • Holzapfel, L.1    Chevret, S.2    Madinier, G.3    Ohen, F.4    Demmgeon, G.5    Coupry, A.6    Chaudet, M.7
  • 30
    • 0029681019 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pathogens responsible for concurrent sinusitis and pneumonia in intensive care unit patients
    • Bert R, Lambert-Zechovsky N : Pathogens responsible for concurrent sinusitis and pneumonia in intensive care unit patients [letter]. Infection, 1996, 24, 52-3.
    • (1996) Infection , vol.24 , pp. 52-53
    • Bert, R.1    Lambert-Zechovsky, N.2
  • 32
    • 0033602066 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia
    • Kollef M. H. : The prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia [see comments]. N. Engl. J. Med., 1999, 340, 627-34.
    • (1999) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.340 , pp. 627-634
    • Kollef, M.H.1
  • 33
    • 0032694449 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nosocomial sinusitis
    • Geiss H. K. : Nosocomial sinusitis [editorial ; comment]. Intensive Care Med, 1999, 25, 1037-9.
    • (1999) Intensive Care Med , vol.25 , pp. 1037-1039
    • Geiss, H.K.1
  • 34
    • 0034269172 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early versus late tracheostomy in patients who require prolonged mechanical ventilation
    • Brook A. D., Sherman G., Malen J., Kollef M. H. : Early versus late tracheostomy in patients who require prolonged mechanical ventilation [In Process Citation]. Am. J. Crit. Care, 2000, 9, 352-9.
    • (2000) Am. J. Crit. Care , vol.9 , pp. 352-359
    • Brook, A.D.1    Sherman, G.2    Malen, J.3    Kollef, M.H.4
  • 35
    • 0026647265 scopus 로고
    • The role of early tracheostomy in blunt, multiple organ trauma
    • Lesnik I., Rappaport W., Fulginiti J., Witzke D. : The role of early tracheostomy in blunt, multiple organ trauma. Am. Surg., 1992, 58, 346-9.
    • (1992) Am. Surg. , vol.58 , pp. 346-349
    • Lesnik, I.1    Rappaport, W.2    Fulginiti, J.3    Witzke, D.4
  • 37
  • 38
    • 0030863031 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patient transport from intensive care increases the risk of developing ventilator-associated pneumonia
    • Kollef M. H., Von Harz B., Prentice D., Shapiro S. D., Silver P., St. John R., Trovillion E. : Patient transport from intensive care increases the risk of developing ventilator-associated pneumonia. Chest, 1997, 112, 765-73.
    • (1997) Chest , vol.112 , pp. 765-773
    • Kollef, M.H.1    Von Harz, B.2    Prentice, D.3    Shapiro, S.D.4    Silver, P.5    St. John, R.6    Trovillion, E.7
  • 39
    • 6644221805 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • XVIII conference de consensus en réanimation et médecine d'urgence : Quel abord trachéal pour la ventilation mécanique des malades de réanimation ?
    • Elsevier ed. Paris
    • XVIII conference de consensus en réanimation et médecine d'urgence : quel abord trachéal pour la ventilation mécanique des malades de réanimation ? Elsevier ed. Reanim urgences, 1998, Paris.
    • (1998) Reanim Urgences
  • 41
    • 6644226728 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prognosis of self extubation, accidental extubation, and planned extubation failure in ICU patients
    • de Lassence A., Le Miere E C. S. et al. and the OUTCOME REA study group : Prognosis of self extubation, accidental extubation, and planned extubation failure in ICU patients. Am. J. respir. Crit. Care Med, 1999, 159 (Abst.), A83.
    • (1999) Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med , vol.159 , Issue.ABST.
    • De Lassence, A.1    Le Miere, E.C.S.2
  • 42
    • 6644229949 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pronostic des autoextubations, des extubations accidentelles et des echecs d'extubations chez les patients de réanimation
    • de Lassence A., Le Miere E A. C., Moine P., Cohen Y., Azoulay E., Timsit J. F. and the Outcome Rea study group : Pronostic des autoextubations, des extubations accidentelles et des echecs d'extubations chez les patients de réanimation. Reanim. urgences, 2000, 9 (S2), SP258.
    • (2000) Reanim. Urgences , vol.9 , Issue.S2
    • De Lassence, A.1    Le Miere, E.A.C.2    Moine, P.3    Cohen, Y.4    Azoulay, E.5    Timsit, J.F.6
  • 44
    • 0029931655 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chlorhexidine gluconate 0.12 % oral rinse reduces the incidence of total nosocomial respiratory infection and nonprophylactic systemic antibiotic use in patients undergoing heart surgery
    • DeRiso A. J. 2nd, Ladowski J. S., Dillon T. A., Justice J. W., and Peterson A. C. : Chlorhexidine gluconate 0.12 % oral rinse reduces the incidence of total nosocomial respiratory infection and nonprophylactic systemic antibiotic use in patients undergoing heart surgery. Chest., 1996, 109, 1556-61.
    • (1996) Chest , vol.109 , pp. 1556-1561
    • DeRiso II, A.J.1    Ladowski, J.S.2    Dillon, T.A.3    Justice, J.W.4    Peterson, A.C.5
  • 45
    • 0031942272 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Colonization of dental plaque : A source of nosocomial infections in intensive care unit patients
    • Fourrier F., Duvivier B., Boutigny H., Roussel-Delvallez M., Chopin C. : Colonization of dental plaque : a source of nosocomial infections in intensive care unit patients [see comments]. Crit. Care Med., 1998, 26, 301-8.
    • (1998) Crit. Care Med. , vol.26 , pp. 301-308
    • Fourrier, F.1    Duvivier, B.2    Boutigny, H.3    Roussel-Delvallez, M.4    Chopin, C.5
  • 46
    • 0033797108 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of dental plaque antiseptic decontamination on bacterial colonization and nosocomial infections in critically ill patients
    • Fourrier F., Cau-Pottier E., Boutigny H., Roussel-Delvallez M., Jourdain M., Chopin C : Effects of dental plaque antiseptic decontamination on bacterial colonization and nosocomial infections in critically ill patients. Intensive Care Med., 2000, 26, 1239-47.
    • (2000) Intensive Care Med. , vol.26 , pp. 1239-1247
    • Fourrier, F.1    Cau-Pottier, E.2    Boutigny, H.3    Roussel-Delvallez, M.4    Jourdain, M.5    Chopin, C.6
  • 47
    • 0031113594 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microbial colonization of closed-system suction catheters used in liver transplant patients
    • Adams D. H., Hughes M., Elliott T. S. : Microbial colonization of closed-system suction catheters used in liver transplant patients. Intensive Crit. Care Nurs., 1997, 13, 72-6.
    • (1997) Intensive Crit. Care Nurs. , vol.13 , pp. 72-76
    • Adams, D.H.1    Hughes, M.2    Elliott, T.S.3
  • 48
    • 0028507494 scopus 로고
    • Guideline for prevention of nosocomial pneumonia
    • The Hospital Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [published erratum appears in Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1998 May : 19(5) : 304]
    • Tablan O. C., Anderson L. J., Arden N. H., Breiman R. F., Butler J. C., McNeil M. M. : Guideline for prevention of nosocomial pneumonia The Hospital Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [published erratum appears in Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1998 May : 19(5) : 304]. Infect. Control. Hosp. Epidemiol., 1994, 75, 587-627.
    • (1994) Infect. Control. Hosp. Epidemiol. , vol.75 , pp. 587-627
    • Tablan, O.C.1    Anderson, L.J.2    Arden, N.H.3    Breiman, R.F.4    Butler, J.C.5    McNeil, M.M.6
  • 51
    • 0026529853 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevention of nosocomial pneumonia in intubated patients : Respective role of mechanical subglottic secretions drainage and stress ulcer prophylaxis
    • 192
    • Mahul P., Auboyer C., Jospe R., Ros A., Guerin C., el Khouri Z., Galliez M., Dumont A., Gaudin O. : Prevention of nosocomial pneumonia in intubated patients : respective role of mechanical subglottic secretions drainage and stress ulcer prophylaxis. Intensive Care Med., 192, 18, 20-5.
    • Intensive Care Med. , vol.18 , pp. 20-25
    • Mahul, P.1    Auboyer, C.2    Jospe, R.3    Ros, A.4    Guerin, C.5    El Khouri, Z.6    Galliez, M.7    Dumont, A.8    Gaudin, O.9
  • 53
    • 0032723899 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomized clinical trial of continuous aspiration of subglottic secretions in cardiac surgery patients
    • Kollef M. H., Skubas N. J., Sundt T. M. : A randomized clinical trial of continuous aspiration of subglottic secretions in cardiac surgery patients [see comments]. Chest. 1999, 116, 1339-46.
    • (1999) Chest , vol.116 , pp. 1339-1346
    • Kollef, M.H.1    Skubas, N.J.2    Sundt, T.M.3
  • 55
    • 0032832109 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduction of the bacterial load by the silver-coated endotracheal tube (SCET), a laboratory investigation
    • Hartmann M., Guttmann J., Muller B., Hallmann T., Geiger K Reduction of the bacterial load by the silver-coated endotracheal tube (SCET), a laboratory investigation. Technol. Health Care, 1999, 7, 359-70.
    • (1999) Technol. Health Care , vol.7 , pp. 359-370
    • Hartmann, M.1    Guttmann, J.2    Muller, B.3    Hallmann, T.4    Geiger, K.5
  • 56
    • 0030066447 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevention of respiratory complications after abdominal surgery : A randomised clinical trial
    • Hall J. C., Tarala R. A., Tapper J., Hall J. L. : Prevention of respiratory complications after abdominal surgery : a randomised clinical trial [see comments] BMJ, 1996, 312, 148-52 ; discussion 152-3.
    • (1996) BMJ , vol.312 , pp. 148-152
    • Hall, J.C.1    Tarala, R.A.2    Tapper, J.3    Hall, J.L.4
  • 57
    • 0030759009 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The science of turning
    • deBoisblanc B. P. : The science of turning [editorial ; comment]. Crit. Care Med., 1997, 25, 1456-7.
    • (1997) Crit. Care Med. , vol.25 , pp. 1456-1457
    • DeBoisblanc, B.P.1
  • 58
    • 0032916604 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Body position and pneumonia
    • deBoisblanc B. P. : Body position and pneumonia [editorial , comment]. Crit. Care Med., 1999, 27, 678-9.
    • (1999) Crit. Care Med. , vol.27 , pp. 678-679
    • DeBoisblanc, B.P.1
  • 59
    • 0025129293 scopus 로고
    • The efficacy of an oscillating bed in the prevention of lower respiratory tract infection in critically ill victims of blunt trauma. A prospective study
    • Fink M. P., Helsmoortel C. M., Stein K. L., Lee P. C., Cohn S. M. : The efficacy of an oscillating bed in the prevention of lower respiratory tract infection in critically ill victims of blunt trauma. A prospective study. Chest, 1990, 97, 132-7.
    • (1990) Chest , vol.97 , pp. 132-137
    • Fink, M.P.1    Helsmoortel, C.M.2    Stein, K.L.3    Lee, P.C.4    Cohn, S.M.5
  • 60
    • 0027214772 scopus 로고
    • Effect of air-supported, continuous, postural oscillation on the risk of early ICU pneumonia in nontraumatic critical illness
    • deBoisblanc B. P., Castro M., Everret B., Grender J., Walker C. D., Summer W. R. : Effect of air-supported, continuous, postural oscillation on the risk of early ICU pneumonia in nontraumatic critical illness. Chest, 1993, 103, 1543-7.
    • (1993) Chest , vol.103 , pp. 1543-1547
    • DeBoisblanc, B.P.1    Castro, M.2    Everret, B.3    Grender, J.4    Walker, C.D.5    Summer, W.R.6
  • 61
    • 0029091511 scopus 로고
    • Semirecumbent position protects from pulmonary aspiration but not completely from gastroesophageal reflux in mechanically ventilated patients
    • Orozco-Levi M., Torres A., Ferrer M., Piera C., el-Ebiary M., de la Bellacasa J. P., Rodriguez-Roism R. : Semirecumbent position protects from pulmonary aspiration but not completely from gastroesophageal reflux in mechanically ventilated patients. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., 1995, 152 (4 Pt 1), 1387-90.
    • (1995) Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. , vol.152 , Issue.4 PART 1 , pp. 1387-1390
    • Orozco-Levi, M.1    Torres, A.2    Ferrer, M.3    Piera, C.4    El-Ebiary, M.5    De La Bellacasa, J.P.6    Rodriguez-Roism, R.7
  • 63
    • 0033610663 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Supine body position as a risk factor for nosocomial pneumonia in mechanically ventilated patients : A randomised trial
    • Drakulovic M. B., Torres A., Bauer T. T., Nicolas J. M., Nogue S., Ferrer M. : Supine body position as a risk factor for nosocomial pneumonia in mechanically ventilated patients : a randomised trial [see comments]. Lancet, 1999, 354, 1851-8.
    • (1999) Lancet , vol.354 , pp. 1851-1858
    • Drakulovic, M.B.1    Torres, A.2    Bauer, T.T.3    Nicolas, J.M.4    Nogue, S.5    Ferrer, M.6
  • 64
    • 0027382380 scopus 로고
    • Ventilator-associated pneumonia. A multivariate analysis
    • Kollef M. H. : Ventilator-associated pneumonia. A multivariate analysis. JAMA. 1993, 270, 1965-70.
    • (1993) JAMA , vol.270 , pp. 1965-1970
    • Kollef, M.H.1
  • 65
    • 0026633016 scopus 로고
    • Bronchoscopy in the intensive care unit
    • Jolliet P., Chevrolet J. C. : Bronchoscopy in the intensive care unit. Intesive Care Med., 1992, 18, 160-9.
    • (1992) Intesive Care Med. , vol.18 , pp. 160-169
    • Jolliet, P.1    Chevrolet, J.C.2
  • 66
    • 0032957553 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Infection control in the bronchoscopy suite. A review
    • Mehta A. C., Minai O. A. : Infection control in the bronchoscopy suite. A review. Clin. Chest Med., 1999, 20, 19-32.
    • (1999) Clin. Chest Med. , vol.20 , pp. 19-32
    • Mehta, A.C.1    Minai, O.A.2
  • 67
    • 0021275019 scopus 로고
    • Contaminated condensate in mechanical ventilator circuits A risk factor for nosocomial pneumonia ?
    • Craven D. E., Goularte T. A., Make B. J. : Contaminated condensate in mechanical ventilator circuits A risk factor for nosocomial pneumonia ? Am. Rev. Respir. Dis., 1984, 129, 625-8.
    • (1984) Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. , vol.129 , pp. 625-628
    • Craven, D.E.1    Goularte, T.A.2    Make, B.J.3
  • 69
    • 0025980586 scopus 로고
    • Prospective study of nosocomial pneumonia and of patient and circuit colonization during mechanical ventilation with circuit changes every 48 hours versus no change
    • Dreyfuss D., Djedaini K, Weber P., Brun P., Lanore J. J., Rahmani J., Boussougant Y., Coste F. : Prospective study of nosocomial pneumonia and of patient and circuit colonization during mechanical ventilation with circuit changes every 48 hours versus no change. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis., 1991, 143 (Pt 1), 738-43.
    • (1991) Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. , vol.143 , Issue.1 PART , pp. 738-743
    • Dreyfuss, D.1    Djedaini, K.2    Weber, P.3    Brun, P.4    Lanore, J.J.5    Rahmani, J.6    Boussougant, Y.7    Coste, F.8
  • 70
    • 0028943271 scopus 로고
    • Weekly ventilator circuit changes. A strategy to reduce costs without affecting pneumonia rates
    • Hess D., Burns E., Romagnoli D., Kacmarek R M. : Weekly ventilator circuit changes. A strategy to reduce costs without affecting pneumonia rates [see comments]. Anesthesiology, 1995, 82, 903-11.
    • (1995) Anesthesiology , vol.82 , pp. 903-911
    • Hess, D.1    Burns, E.2    Romagnoli, D.3    Kacmarek, R.M.4
  • 72
    • 0031932324 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extending ventilator circuit change interval beyond 2 days reduces the likelihood of ventilator-associated pneumonia
    • Fink J. B., Krause S. A., Barrett L., Schaaff D., Alex C. G. : Extending ventilator circuit change interval beyond 2 days reduces the likelihood of ventilator-associated pneumonia [see comments]. Chest, 1998, 113, 405-11.
    • (1998) Chest , vol.113 , pp. 405-411
    • Fink, J.B.1    Krause, S.A.2    Barrett, L.3    Schaaff, D.4    Alex, C.G.5
  • 73
    • 0030879788 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A prospective, randomized comparison of an in-line heat moisture exchange filter and heated wire humidifiers : Rates of ventilator-associated early-onset (community-acquired) or late-onset (hospital-acquired) pneumonia and incidence of endotracheal tube occlusion
    • Kirton O. C., DeHaven B., Morgan J., Morejon O., Civetta J. : A prospective, randomized comparison of an in-line heat moisture exchange filter and heated wire humidifiers : rates of ventilator-associated early-onset (community-acquired) or late-onset (hospital-acquired) pneumonia and incidence of endotracheal tube occlusion. Chest, 1997, 112, 1055-9.
    • (1997) Chest , vol.112 , pp. 1055-1059
    • Kirton, O.C.1    DeHaven, B.2    Morgan, J.3    Morejon, O.4    Civetta, J.5
  • 76
    • 0034103469 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety, efficacy, and cost-effectiveness of mechanical ventilation with humidifying filters changed every 48 hours : A prospective, randomized study
    • Markowicz P., Ricard J. D., Dreyfuss D., Mier L., Brun P., Coste F.. Boussougant Y., Djedaini K. : Safety, efficacy, and cost-effectiveness of mechanical ventilation with humidifying filters changed every 48 hours : a prospective, randomized study. Crit Care Med., 2000, 28, 665-71.
    • (2000) Crit Care Med. , vol.28 , pp. 665-671
    • Markowicz, P.1    Ricard, J.D.2    Dreyfuss, D.3    Mier, L.4    Brun, P.5    Coste, F.6    Boussougant, Y.7    Djedaini, K.8
  • 77
    • 0034112596 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prolonged use of heat and moisture exchangers does not affect device efficiency or frequency rate of nosocomial pneumonia
    • Davis K. Jr., Evans S. L., Campbell R. S., Johannigman J. A., Luchette F. A., Porembka D. T., Branson R. D. : Prolonged use of heat and moisture exchangers does not affect device efficiency or frequency rate of nosocomial pneumonia [see comments]. Crit. Care Med., 2000, 28, 1412-8.
    • (2000) Crit. Care Med. , vol.28 , pp. 1412-1418
    • Davis Jr., K.1    Evans, S.L.2    Campbell, R.S.3    Johannigman, J.A.4    Luchette, F.A.5    Porembka, D.T.6    Branson, R.D.7
  • 79
    • 0032085279 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of filtration during humidification
    • Richards G. : The role of filtration during humidification. Respir. Care Clin. N. Am., 1998, 4, 329-39
    • (1998) Respir. Care Clin. N. Am. , vol.4 , pp. 329-339
    • Richards, G.1
  • 80
    • 0028786468 scopus 로고
    • The role of intragastric acidity and stress ulcus prophylaxis on colonization and infection in mechanically ventilated ICU patients. A stratified, randomized, double-blind study of sucrai fate versus antacids
    • Bonten M. J., Gaillard C. A., van der Geest S., van Tiel F. H., Beysens A. J., Smeets H. G., Stobberingh E. E. : The role of intragastric acidity and stress ulcus prophylaxis on colonization and infection in mechanically ventilated ICU patients. A stratified, randomized, double-blind study of sucrai fate versus antacids. Am J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., 1995, 752 (6 Pt 1), 1825-34
    • (1995) Am J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. , vol.752 , Issue.6 PART 1 , pp. 1825-1834
    • Bonten, M.J.1    Gaillard, C.A.2    Van Der Geest, S.3    Van Tiel, F.H.4    Beysens, A.J.5    Smeets, H.G.6    Stobberingh, E.E.7
  • 81
    • 0029778380 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stomach as a source of colonization of the respiratory tract during mechanical ventilation : Association with ventilator-associated pneumonia
    • Torres A., El-Ebiary M., Soler N., Monton C., Fabregas N., Hernandez C. : Stomach as a source of colonization of the respiratory tract during mechanical ventilation : association with ventilator-associated pneumonia. Eur. Respir. J., 1996, 9, 1729-35
    • (1996) Eur. Respir. J. , vol.9 , pp. 1729-1735
    • Torres, A.1    El-Ebiary, M.2    Soler, N.3    Monton, C.4    Fabregas, N.5    Hernandez, C.6
  • 82
    • 0025183927 scopus 로고
    • Risk factors for nosocomial pneumonia in the elderly
    • Harkness G. A., Bentley D. W., Roghmann K J. . Risk factors for nosocomial pneumonia in the elderly. Am. J. Med., 1990, 89, 457-63.
    • (1990) Am. J. Med. , vol.89 , pp. 457-463
    • Harkness, G.A.1    Bentley, D.W.2    Roghmann, K.J.3
  • 83
    • 0026665891 scopus 로고
    • A predictive risk index for nosocomial pneumonia in the intensive care unit
    • Joshi N., Locaho A. R., Hamory B. H. : A predictive risk index for nosocomial pneumonia in the intensive care unit. Am. J. Med., 1992, 93, 135-42.
    • (1992) Am. J. Med. , vol.93 , pp. 135-142
    • Joshi, N.1    Locaho, A.R.2    Hamory, B.H.3
  • 84
    • 0022456204 scopus 로고
    • Enterai nutrition in patients receiving mechanical ventilation. Multiple sources of tracheal colonization include the stomach
    • Pingleton S. K., Hinthorn D. R., Liu C. : Enterai nutrition in patients receiving mechanical ventilation. Multiple sources of tracheal colonization include the stomach. Am. J. Med., 1986, 80, 827-32.
    • (1986) Am. J. Med. , vol.80 , pp. 827-832
    • Pingleton, S.K.1    Hinthorn, D.R.2    Liu, C.3
  • 85
    • 0030470463 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impaired gastric emptying in mechanically ventilated, critically ill patients
    • Heyland D. K., Tougas G., King D., Cook D. J. : Impaired gastric emptying in mechanically ventilated, critically ill patients. Intensive Care Med., 1996, 22, 1339-44.
    • (1996) Intensive Care Med. , vol.22 , pp. 1339-1344
    • Heyland, D.K.1    Tougas, G.2    King, D.3    Cook, D.J.4
  • 86
    • 0024392172 scopus 로고
    • Tracheal tube biofilm as a source of bacterial colonization of the lung
    • Inglis T. J., Millar M. R., Jones J. G., Robinson D. A. : Tracheal tube biofilm as a source of bacterial colonization of the lung. J. Clin. Microbiol., 1989, 27, 2014-8.
    • (1989) J. Clin. Microbiol. , vol.27 , pp. 2014-2018
    • Inglis, T.J.1    Millar, M.R.2    Jones, J.G.3    Robinson, D.A.4
  • 88
    • 0029162524 scopus 로고
    • Gastric emptying following brain injury : Effects of choice of sedation and intracranial pressure
    • McArthur C. J., Gin T., McLaren I. M., Critchley J. A., Oh T. E. : Gastric emptying following brain injury : effects of choice of sedation and intracranial pressure. Intensive Care Med., 1995, 21, 573-6.
    • (1995) Intensive Care Med. , vol.21 , pp. 573-576
    • McArthur, C.J.1    Gin, T.2    McLaren, I.M.3    Critchley, J.A.4    Oh, T.E.5
  • 90
    • 0029781075 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intermittent enteral feeding : The influence on respiratory and digestive tract colonization in mechanically ventilated intensive-care-unit patients
    • Bonten M. J., Gaillard C. A., van der Hulst R., de Leeuw P. W., van der Geest S., Stobberingh E. E., Soeters P. B. : Intermittent enteral feeding : the influence on respiratory and digestive tract colonization in mechanically ventilated intensive-care-unit patients [see comments]. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., 1996, 154 (2 Pt 1), 394-9.
    • (1996) Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. , vol.154 , Issue.2 PART 1 , pp. 394-399
    • Bonten, M.J.1    Gaillard, C.A.2    Van Der Hulst, R.3    De Leeuw, P.W.4    Van Der Geest, S.5    Stobberingh, E.E.6    Soeters, P.B.7
  • 91
    • 0033564793 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of nasogastric tube size on gastroesophageal reflux and microaspiration in intubated patients
    • Ferrer M., Bauer T. T., Torres A., Hernandez C., Piera C. : Effect of nasogastric tube size on gastroesophageal reflux and microaspiration in intubated patients [see comments]. Ann. Intern. Med., 1999, 130, 991-4.
    • (1999) Ann. Intern. Med. , vol.130 , pp. 991-994
    • Ferrer, M.1    Bauer, T.T.2    Torres, A.3    Hernandez, C.4    Piera, C.5
  • 92
    • 0033854173 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Erythromycin improves gastric emptying in critically ill patients intolerant of nasogastric feeding
    • Chapman M. J., Fraser R. J., Kluger M. T., Buist M. D., De Nichilo D. J. : Erythromycin improves gastric emptying in critically ill patients intolerant of nasogastric feeding [see comments]. Crit. Care Med., 2000, 28, 2334-7.
    • (2000) Crit. Care Med. , vol.28 , pp. 2334-2337
    • Chapman, M.J.1    Fraser, R.J.2    Kluger, M.T.3    Buist, M.D.4    De Nichilo, D.J.5
  • 93
    • 0029124805 scopus 로고
    • Effect of erythromycin on gastric motility in mechanically ventilated critically ill patients : A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study
    • Dive A., Miesse C., Galanti L., Jamart J., Evrard P., Gonzalez M., Installe E. : Effect of erythromycin on gastric motility in mechanically ventilated critically ill patients : a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study. Crit. Care Med., 1995, 23, 1356-62.
    • (1995) Crit. Care Med. , vol.23 , pp. 1356-1362
    • Dive, A.1    Miesse, C.2    Galanti, L.3    Jamart, J.4    Evrard, P.5    Gonzalez, M.6    Installe, E.7
  • 94
    • 0034006727 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sequential single doses of cisapride, erythromycin, and metoclopramide in critically ill patients intolerant to enterai nutrition : A randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover study
    • MacLaren R., Kuhl D. A., Gervasio J. M., Brown R O., Dickerson R. N., Livingston T. N., Swift K., Headley S., Kudsk K. A., Lima J. J. : Sequential single doses of cisapride, erythromycin, and metoclopramide in critically ill patients intolerant to enterai nutrition : a randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover study. Crit. Care Med., 2000, 28, 438-44.
    • (2000) Crit. Care Med. , vol.28 , pp. 438-444
    • MacLaren, R.1    Kuhl, D.A.2    Gervasio, J.M.3    Brown, R.O.4    Dickerson, R.N.5    Livingston, T.N.6    Swift, K.7    Headley, S.8    Kudsk, K.A.9    Lima, J.J.10
  • 95
    • 0028949184 scopus 로고
    • Gastric emptying in critically ill patients is accelerated by adding cisapride to a standard enterai feeding protocol : Results of a prospective, randomized, controlled trial
    • Spapen H. D., Duinslaeger L., Diltoer M., Gillet R., Bossuyt A.. Huyghens L. P. : Gastric emptying in critically ill patients is accelerated by adding cisapride to a standard enterai feeding protocol : results of a prospective, randomized, controlled trial. Crit. Care Med., 1995, 23, 481-5.
    • (1995) Crit. Care Med. , vol.23 , pp. 481-485
    • Spapen, H.D.1    Duinslaeger, L.2    Diltoer, M.3    Gillet, R.4    Bossuyt, A.5    Huyghens, L.P.6
  • 96
    • 0020043864 scopus 로고
    • Aspiration of gastric bacteria in antacid-treated patients : A frequent cause of postoperative colonisation of the airway
    • du Moulin G. C., Paterson D. G., Hedley-Whyte J., Lisbon A. : Aspiration of gastric bacteria in antacid-treated patients : a frequent cause of postoperative colonisation of the airway. Lancet. 1982, 1, 242-5.
    • (1982) Lancet , vol.1 , pp. 242-245
    • Du Moulin, G.C.1    Paterson, D.G.2    Hedley-Whyte, J.3    Lisbon, A.4
  • 97
    • 0015576738 scopus 로고
    • Influence of gastric acidity on bacterial and parasitic enteric infections. A perspective
    • Giannella R. A., Broitman S. A., Zamcheck N. : Influence of gastric acidity on bacterial and parasitic enteric infections. A perspective. Ann. Intern. Med, 1973, 78, 271-6.
    • (1973) Ann. Intern. Med , vol.78 , pp. 271-276
    • Giannella, R.A.1    Broitman, S.A.2    Zamcheck, N.3
  • 98
    • 0023612057 scopus 로고
    • Nosocomial pneumonia in intubated patients given sucralfate as compared with antacids or histamine type 2 blockers. The role of gastric colonization
    • Driks M. R., Craven D. E., Celli B. R., Manning M., Burke R. A.. Garvin G. M., Kunches L. M., Farber H. W., Wedel S. A., McCabe W. R. : Nosocomial pneumonia in intubated patients given sucralfate as compared with antacids or histamine type 2 blockers. The role of gastric colonization. N. Engl J. Med., 1987, 317, 1376-82.
    • (1987) N. Engl J. Med. , vol.317 , pp. 1376-1382
    • Driks, M.R.1    Craven, D.E.2    Celli, B.R.3    Manning, M.4    Burke, R.A.5    Garvin, G.M.6    Kunches, L.M.7    Farber, H.W.8    Wedel, S.A.9    McCabe, W.R.10
  • 100
    • 0028842647 scopus 로고
    • Activity of sucralfate (sucrose octa-sulphate), an anti-ulcer agent, against opportunistic gram-negative bacilli
    • Bragman S. G., Pankhurst C. L., Casewell M W. : Activity of sucralfate (sucrose octa-sulphate), an anti-ulcer agent, against opportunistic gram-negative bacilli. J. Antimicrob. Chemother., 1995, 36, 703-6.
    • (1995) J. Antimicrob. Chemother. , vol.36 , pp. 703-706
    • Bragman, S.G.1    Pankhurst, C.L.2    Casewell, M.W.3
  • 101
    • 0023636292 scopus 로고
    • Antibacterial activity of sucralfate in human gastric juice
    • Tryba M., Mantey-Stiers F. : Antibacterial activity of sucralfate in human gastric juice. Am. J. Med, 1987, 83 (3B), 125-7.
    • (1987) Am. J. Med , vol.83 , Issue.3 B , pp. 125-127
    • Tryba, M.1    Mantey-Stiers, F.2
  • 102
    • 0028608736 scopus 로고
    • Antibacterial activity of sucralfate versus aluminum chloride in simulated gastric fluid
    • Welage L., Carver P., Welch K. : Antibacterial activity of sucralfate versus aluminum chloride in simulated gastric fluid. Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis., 1994, 13, 1046-52.
    • (1994) Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. , vol.13 , pp. 1046-1052
    • Welage, L.1    Carver, P.2    Welch, K.3
  • 103
    • 0025808141 scopus 로고
    • Sucralfate versus antacids or H2-antagonists for stress ulcer prophylaxis : A meta-analysis on efficacy and pneumonia rate
    • Tryba M. : Sucralfate versus antacids or H2-antagonists for stress ulcer prophylaxis : a meta-analysis on efficacy and pneumonia rate [see comments]. Crit. Care Med., 1991, 19, 942-9.
    • (1991) Crit. Care Med. , vol.19 , pp. 942-949
    • Tryba, M.1
  • 104
    • 6644227361 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prévention des hémorragies gastro-duodénales de stress
    • Tempé JD, Florent E C. R., et al. : Prévention des hémorragies gastro-duodénales de stress. Réanim. Soins Intens. Med. Urg., 1998, 5, 241-245.
    • (1998) Réanim. Soins Intens. Med. Urg. , vol.5 , pp. 241-245
    • Tempé, J.D.1    Florent, E.C.R.2
  • 105
    • 0025817751 scopus 로고
    • Nosocomial pneumonia and the role of gastric pH. A meta-analysis
    • Cook D. J., Laine L. A., Guyatt G. H., Raffin T. A. : Nosocomial pneumonia and the role of gastric pH. A meta-analysis. Chest, 1991, 100, 7-13.
    • (1991) Chest , vol.100 , pp. 7-13
    • Cook, D.J.1    Laine, L.A.2    Guyatt, G.H.3    Raffin, T.A.4
  • 106
    • 23444457922 scopus 로고
    • Nosocomial pneumonia in mechanically ventilated patients receiving antacid, ranitidine, or sucralfate as prophylaxis for stress ulcer. A randomized controlled trial
    • Prod'hom G., Leuenberger P., Koerfer J., Blum A., Chiolero R., Schaller M. D., Perret C., Spinnler O., Blondel J., Siegrist H., et al. : Nosocomial pneumonia in mechanically ventilated patients receiving antacid, ranitidine, or sucralfate as prophylaxis for stress ulcer. A randomized controlled trial [see comments]. Ann. Intern. Med., 1994, 120, 653-62.
    • (1994) Ann. Intern. Med. , vol.120 , pp. 653-662
    • Prod'hom, G.1    Leuenberger, P.2    Koerfer, J.3    Blum, A.4    Chiolero, R.5    Schaller, M.D.6    Perret, C.7    Spinnler, O.8    Blondel, J.9    Siegrist, H.10
  • 107
    • 0030029997 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stress ulcer prophylaxis in critically ill patients. Resolving discordant meta-analyses
    • Cook D. J., Reeve B. K., Guyatt G. H., Heyland D. K., Griffith L. E., Buckingham L., Tryba M. : Stress ulcer prophylaxis in critically ill patients. Resolving discordant meta-analyses [see comments], JAMA, 1996, 275, 308-14.
    • (1996) JAMA , vol.275 , pp. 308-314
    • Cook, D.J.1    Reeve, B.K.2    Guyatt, G.H.3    Heyland, D.K.4    Griffith, L.E.5    Buckingham, L.6    Tryba, M.7
  • 109
    • 6844236394 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of sucralfate and ranitidine for the prevention of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in patients requiring mechanical ventilation
    • Canadian Critical Care Trials Group [see comments]
    • Cook D., Guyatt G., Marshall J., Leasa D., Fuller H., Hall R., Peters S., Rutledge F., Griffith L., McLellan A., Wood G., Kirby A. : A comparison of sucralfate and ranitidine for the prevention of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in patients requiring mechanical ventilation. Canadian Critical Care Trials Group [see comments]. N. Engl. J. Med., 1998, 338, 791-7.
    • (1998) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.338 , pp. 791-797
    • Cook, D.1    Guyatt, G.2    Marshall, J.3    Leasa, D.4    Fuller, H.5    Hall, R.6    Peters, S.7    Rutledge, F.8    Griffith, L.9    McLellan, A.10    Wood, G.11    Kirby, A.12
  • 112
    • 0031019793 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of colonization of the upper intestinal tract in the pathogenesis of ventilator-associated pneumonia
    • Bonten M. J., Gaillard C. A., de Leeuw P. W., Stobberingh E. E. : Role of colonization of the upper intestinal tract in the pathogenesis of ventilator-associated pneumonia [see comments]. Clin. Infect. Dis., 1997, 24, 309-19.
    • (1997) Clin. Infect. Dis. , vol.24 , pp. 309-319
    • Bonten, M.J.1    Gaillard, C.A.2    De Leeuw, P.W.3    Stobberingh, E.E.4
  • 113
    • 0023212879 scopus 로고
    • The effect of oropharyngeal decontamination using topical nonabsorbable antibiotics on the incidence of nosocomial respiratory tract infections in multiple trauma patients
    • Stoutenbeek C. P., van Saene H. K., Miranda D. R., Zandstra D. F., Langrehr D. : The effect of oropharyngeal decontamination using topical nonabsorbable antibiotics on the incidence of nosocomial respiratory tract infections in multiple trauma patients. J. Trauma., 1987, 27, 357-64.
    • (1987) J. Trauma. , vol.27 , pp. 357-364
    • Stoutenbeek, C.P.1    Van Saene, H.K.2    Miranda, D.R.3    Zandstra, D.F.4    Langrehr, D.5
  • 114
    • 0028273509 scopus 로고
    • Selective decontamination of the digestive tract. An overview
    • Heyland D. K., Cook D. J., Jaeschke R., Griffith L., Lee H. N., Guyatt G. H. : Selective decontamination of the digestive tract. An overview [see comments]. Chest, 1994, 105, 1221-9.
    • (1994) Chest , vol.105 , pp. 1221-1229
    • Heyland, D.K.1    Cook, D.J.2    Jaeschke, R.3    Griffith, L.4    Lee, H.N.5    Guyatt, G.H.6
  • 115
    • 0028268933 scopus 로고
    • The role of selective digestive tract decontamination on mortality and respiratory tract infections. A meta-analysis
    • Kollef M. H. : The role of selective digestive tract decontamination on mortality and respiratory tract infections. A meta-analysis. Chest., 1994, 105, 1101-8.
    • (1994) Chest , vol.105 , pp. 1101-1108
    • Kollef, M.H.1
  • 116
    • 0027202258 scopus 로고
    • Meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials of selective decontamination of the digestive tract
    • Selective Decontamination of the Digestive Tract Trialists'Collaborative Group [see comments]
    • Meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials of selective decontamination of the digestive tract. Selective Decontamination of the Digestive Tract Trialists'Collaborative Group [see comments]. BMJ, 1993, 307, 525-32.
    • (1993) BMJ , vol.307 , pp. 525-532
  • 117
    • 0032565412 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effectiveness of antibiotic prophylaxis in critically ill adult patients : Systematic review of randomised controlled trials
    • D'Amico R., Pifferi S., Leonetti C, Torri V., Tinazzi A., Liberati A. : Effectiveness of antibiotic prophylaxis in critically ill adult patients : systematic review of randomised controlled trials [see comments]. BMJ, 1998, 316, 1275-85.
    • (1998) BMJ , vol.316 , pp. 1275-1285
    • D'Amico, R.1    Pifferi, S.2    Leonetti, C.3    Torri, V.4    Tinazzi, A.5    Liberati, A.6
  • 119
    • 0026937873 scopus 로고
    • The first european consensus conference in intensive care medicine : Selective decontamination of the digestive tract in intensive care patients
    • Socite ́de réanimation de langue française
    • The first european consensus conference in intensive care medicine : selective decontamination of the digestive tract in intensive care patients ; Socite ́de réanimation de langue française. Infect. Control. Hosp. Epidemiol., 1992, 13, 609-611.
    • (1992) Infect. Control. Hosp. Epidemiol. , vol.13 , pp. 609-611
  • 120
    • 0026543599 scopus 로고
    • A controlled trial in intensive care units of selective decontamination of the digestive tract with nonabsorbable antibiotics
    • The French Study Group on Selective Decontamination of the Digestive Tract
    • Gastinne H., Wolff M., Delatour F., Faurisson F., Chevret S. : A controlled trial in intensive care units of selective decontamination of the digestive tract with nonabsorbable antibiotics. The French Study Group on Selective Decontamination of the Digestive Tract N. Engl. J. Med., 1992, 326, 594-9.
    • (1992) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.326 , pp. 594-599
    • Gastinne, H.1    Wolff, M.2    Delatour, F.3    Faurisson, F.4    Chevret, S.5
  • 121
    • 0034027016 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antibiotic prophylaxis in intensive care units : Meta-analyses versus clinical practice
    • Liberati A., D'Amico R., Pifferi S., Telaro E. : Antibiotic prophylaxis in intensive care units : meta-analyses versus clinical practice. Intensive Care Med., 2000, 26 (Suppl 1), S38-44.
    • (2000) Intensive Care Med. , vol.26 , Issue.1 SUPPL.
    • Liberati, A.1    D'Amico, R.2    Pifferi, S.3    Telaro, E.4
  • 123
    • 0029863296 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ventilator-associated pneumonia due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa
    • Crouch Brewer S., Wunderink R. G., Jones C. B., Leeper K. V. Jr. : Ventilator-associated pneumonia due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Chest, 1996, 109, 1019-29.
    • (1996) Chest , vol.109 , pp. 1019-1029
    • Crouch Brewer, S.1    Wunderink, R.G.2    Jones, C.B.3    Leeper Jr., K.V.4
  • 124
    • 0030719853 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oropharyngeal or gastric colonization and nosocomial pneumonia in adult intensive care unit patients. A prospective study based on genomic DNA analysis
    • Garrouste-Orgeas M., Chevret S., Arlet G., Marie O., Rouveau M., Popoff N., Schlemmer B. : Oropharyngeal or gastric colonization and nosocomial pneumonia in adult intensive care unit patients. A prospective study based on genomic DNA analysis. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., 1997, 156, 1647-55.
    • (1997) Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. , vol.156 , pp. 1647-1655
    • Garrouste-Orgeas, M.1    Chevret, S.2    Arlet, G.3    Marie, O.4    Rouveau, M.5    Popoff, N.6    Schlemmer, B.7
  • 125
    • 0030031423 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Strategies to prevent and control the emergence and spread of Antimicrobial-resistant microorganisms in hospitals. A challenge to hospital leadership
    • Goldmann D. A., Weinstein R. A., Wenzel R. P., Tablan O. C., Duma R J., Gaynes R. P., Schlosser J.. Martone W. J. : Strategies to prevent and control the emergence and spread of Antimicrobial-resistant microorganisms in hospitals. A challenge to hospital leadership [see comments]. JAMA, 1996, 275, 234-40.
    • (1996) JAMA , vol.275 , pp. 234-240
    • Goldmann, D.A.1    Weinstein, R.A.2    Wenzel, R.P.3    Tablan, O.C.4    Duma, R.J.5    Gaynes, R.P.6    Schlosser, J.7    Martone, W.J.8
  • 127
    • 0031001758 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Protective effect of intravenously administered cefuroxime against nosocomial pneumonia in patients with structural coma
    • Sirvent J. M., Torres A., El-Ebiary M., Castro P., de Batlle J., Bonet A. : Protective effect of intravenously administered cefuroxime against nosocomial pneumonia in patients with structural coma. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., 1997, 155, 1729-34.
    • (1997) Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. , vol.155 , pp. 1729-1734
    • Sirvent, J.M.1    Torres, A.2    El-Ebiary, M.3    Castro, P.4    De Batlle, J.5    Bonet, A.6
  • 128
    • 0026720270 scopus 로고
    • Prophylactic intravenous administration of standard immune globulin as compared with core-lipopolysaccharide immune globulin in patients at high risk of postsurgical infection
    • Group T. T. I. C. S. : Prophylactic intravenous administration of standard immune globulin as compared with core-lipopolysaccharide immune globulin in patients at high risk of postsurgical infection. N. Engl. J. Med., 1992, 327, 234-240.
    • (1992) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.327 , pp. 234-240


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.