메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 275, Issue 4, 1996, Pages 308-314

Stress ulcer prophylaxis in critically III patients: Resolving discordant meta-analyses

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANTACID AGENT; HISTAMINE H2 RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; SUCRALFATE;

EID: 0030029997     PISSN: 00987484     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1001/jama.275.4.308     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (536)

References (117)
  • 1
    • 0019413689 scopus 로고
    • The prevention of upper gastrointestinal tract bleeding in patients in an intensive care unit
    • Zinner MJ, Zuidema GD, Smith PL, et al. The prevention of upper gastrointestinal tract bleeding in patients in an intensive care unit. Surg Gynecol Obstet. 1981;153:214-220.
    • (1981) Surg Gynecol Obstet. , vol.153 , pp. 214-220
    • Zinner, M.J.1    Zuidema, G.D.2    Smith, P.L.3
  • 2
    • 0019429427 scopus 로고
    • Cimetidine and antacid prophylaxis of acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding in high risk patients
    • Basso N, Baragani M, Materia A, et al. Cimetidine and antacid prophylaxis of acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding in high risk patients. Am J Surg. 1981;141:339-341.
    • (1981) Am J Surg. , vol.141 , pp. 339-341
    • Basso, N.1    Baragani, M.2    Materia, A.3
  • 3
    • 0020136165 scopus 로고
    • Prophylaxis of upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage in patients requiring mechanical ventilation
    • Friedman CJ, Oblinger MJ, Surrat PM, et al. Prophylaxis of upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage in patients requiring mechanical ventilation. Crit Care Med. 1982;10:316-319.
    • (1982) Crit Care Med. , vol.10 , pp. 316-319
    • Friedman, C.J.1    Oblinger, M.J.2    Surrat, P.M.3
  • 4
    • 0018138578 scopus 로고
    • Antacid titration in the prevention of acute gastrointestinal bleeding
    • Hastings PR, Skillman JJ, Bushnell LS, et al. Antacid titration in the prevention of acute gastrointestinal bleeding. N Engl J Med. 1978;298: 1041-1045.
    • (1978) N Engl J Med. , vol.298 , pp. 1041-1045
    • Hastings, P.R.1    Skillman, J.J.2    Bushnell, L.S.3
  • 5
    • 0019496644 scopus 로고
    • Results of gastric neutralization with hourly antacids and cimetidine in 320 intubated patients with respiratory failure
    • Kahn F, Parekh A, Chitkara R, et al. Results of gastric neutralization with hourly antacids and cimetidine in 320 intubated patients with respiratory failure. Chest. 1981;79:409-412.
    • (1981) Chest. , vol.79 , pp. 409-412
    • Kahn, F.1    Parekh, A.2    Chitkara, R.3
  • 6
    • 0017132246 scopus 로고
    • Antacid control of complications from acute gastroduodenal disease after burns
    • McAlhany JC, Czaja AJ, Pruitt B. Antacid control of complications from acute gastroduodenal disease after burns. J. Trauma. 1976;16:645-649.
    • (1976) J. Trauma. , vol.16 , pp. 645-649
    • McAlhany, J.C.1    Czaja, A.J.2    Pruitt, B.3
  • 7
    • 0021813889 scopus 로고
    • Does antacid prophylaxis prevent upper gastrointestinal bleeding in critically ill patients?
    • Pinilla JC, Oleniuk FH, Reed D, et al. Does antacid prophylaxis prevent upper gastrointestinal bleeding in critically ill patients? Crit Care Med 1985;13:646-650.
    • (1985) Crit Care Med , vol.13 , pp. 646-650
    • Pinilla, J.C.1    Oleniuk, F.H.2    Reed, D.3
  • 8
    • 0018954740 scopus 로고
    • Randomized prospective evaluation of cimetidine and antacid control of gastric pH in the critically ill
    • Stothert JC, Siminowitz DA, Dellinger EP, et al. Randomized prospective evaluation of cimetidine and antacid control of gastric pH in the critically ill. Ann Surg. 1980;192:169-173.
    • (1980) Ann Surg. , vol.192 , pp. 169-173
    • Stothert, J.C.1    Siminowitz, D.A.2    Dellinger, E.P.3
  • 9
    • 0019412139 scopus 로고
    • Cimetidine versus antacid in prophylaxis for stress ulceration
    • Weigelt LA, Aurbakken CM, Geweitz BL, et al. Cimetidine versus antacid in prophylaxis for stress ulceration. Arch Surg. 1981;116:597-601.
    • (1981) Arch Surg. , vol.116 , pp. 597-601
    • Weigelt, L.A.1    Aurbakken, C.M.2    Geweitz, B.L.3
  • 11
    • 0026712330 scopus 로고
    • Rules of evidence and clinical recommendations on the use of antithrombotic agents: Antithrombotic Therapy Consensus Conference III
    • Cook DJ, Guyatt GH, Laupacis A, Sackett DL. Rules of evidence and clinical recommendations on the use of antithrombotic agents: Antithrombotic Therapy Consensus Conference III. Chest. 1992; 102(suppl):305S-311S.
    • (1992) Chest , vol.102 , Issue.SUPPL.
    • Cook, D.J.1    Guyatt, G.H.2    Laupacis, A.3    Sackett, D.L.4
  • 12
    • 0023256433 scopus 로고
    • Prophylactic therapy for stress ulcer bleeding: A reappraisal
    • Shuman RB, Schuster DP, Zuckermann GR. Prophylactic therapy for stress ulcer bleeding: a reappraisal. Ann Intern Med. 1987;106:562-567.
    • (1987) Ann Intern Med. , vol.106 , pp. 562-567
    • Shuman, R.B.1    Schuster, D.P.2    Zuckermann, G.R.3
  • 13
    • 0024433630 scopus 로고
    • Prophylaxis of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in intensive care units: A meta-analysis
    • Lacroix J, Infante-Rivarde C, Jenicek M, et al. Prophylaxis of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in intensive care units: a meta-analysis. Crit Care Med. 1989;17:862-868.
    • (1989) Crit Care Med. , vol.17 , pp. 862-868
    • Lacroix, J.1    Infante-Rivarde, C.2    Jenicek, M.3
  • 14
    • 0026347008 scopus 로고
    • Stress ulcer prophylaxis in the critically ill: A meta-analysis
    • Cook DJ, Witt LG, Cook RJ, et al. Stress ulcer prophylaxis in the critically ill: a meta-analysis. Am J Med. 1991;91:519-527.
    • (1991) Am J Med. , vol.91 , pp. 519-527
    • Cook, D.J.1    Witt, L.G.2    Cook, R.J.3
  • 15
    • 0026048054 scopus 로고
    • Prophylaxis of stress ulcer bleeding: A meta-analysis
    • Tryba M. Prophylaxis of stress ulcer bleeding: a meta-analysis. J Clin Gastroenterol. 1991;13(suppl 2):544-555.
    • (1991) J Clin Gastroenterol. , vol.13 , Issue.2 SUPPL. , pp. 544-555
    • Tryba, M.1
  • 16
    • 0025817751 scopus 로고
    • Nosocomial pneumonia and the role of gastric pH: A meta-analysis
    • Cook DJ, Laine LA, Guyatt GH, et al. Nosocomial pneumonia and the role of gastric pH: a meta-analysis. Chest. 1991;100:7-13.
    • (1991) Chest , vol.100 , pp. 7-13
    • Cook, D.J.1    Laine, L.A.2    Guyatt, G.H.3
  • 17
    • 4243051147 scopus 로고
    • Commentary on 'Stress ulcer prophylaxis in critically ill patients: A meta-analysis.'
    • July-August
    • Chalmers TC. Commentary on 'Stress ulcer prophylaxis in critically ill patients: a meta-analysis.' ACP J Club. July-August 1992:1.
    • (1992) ACP J Club. , pp. 1
    • Chalmers, T.C.1
  • 18
    • 0024327016 scopus 로고
    • Considerations for the meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials
    • Boissel JP, Blanchard J, Panak E, et al. Considerations for the meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Control Clin Trials. 1989;10:254-281.
    • (1989) Control Clin Trials. , vol.10 , pp. 254-281
    • Boissel, J.P.1    Blanchard, J.2    Panak, E.3
  • 19
    • 0024287396 scopus 로고
    • Guidelines for reading literature reviews
    • Oxman AD, Guyatt GH. Guidelines for reading literature reviews. Can Med Assoc J. 1988;138:697-703.
    • (1988) Can Med Assoc J. , vol.138 , pp. 697-703
    • Oxman, A.D.1    Guyatt, G.H.2
  • 20
    • 0014098687 scopus 로고
    • Small sample considerations in combining 2×2 tables
    • Naylor AF. Small sample considerations in combining 2×2 tables. Biometrics. 1967;3:349-356.
    • (1967) Biometrics. , vol.3 , pp. 349-356
    • Naylor, A.F.1
  • 21
    • 0027754610 scopus 로고
    • The statistical basis of meta-analysis
    • Fleiss JL. The statistical basis of meta-analysis. Stat Methods Med Res. 1993;2:121-145.
    • (1993) Stat Methods Med Res. , vol.2 , pp. 121-145
    • Fleiss, J.L.1
  • 22
    • 0021719133 scopus 로고
    • Antacid versus sucralfate in preventing acute gastrointestinal bleeding
    • Borrero E, Margolis IB, Bank S. Antacid versus sucralfate in preventing acute gastrointestinal bleeding. Am J Surg. 1984;148:809-812.
    • (1984) Am J Surg. , vol.148 , pp. 809-812
    • Borrero, E.1    Margolis, I.B.2    Bank, S.3
  • 23
    • 0024316676 scopus 로고
    • Prevention of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in long term ventilated patients
    • Laggner AN, Lenz K, Base W, et al. Prevention of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in long term ventilated patients. Am J Med. 1989;86(suppl 6A):81-84.
    • (1989) Am J Med. , vol.86 , Issue.SUPPL. 6A , pp. 81-84
    • Laggner, A.N.1    Lenz, K.2    Base, W.3
  • 24
    • 0022186272 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of antacid and sucralfate in the prevention of gastrointestinal bleeding in patients who are critically ill
    • Borrero E, Bank S, Margolis IB, et al. Comparison of antacid and sucralfate in the prevention of gastrointestinal bleeding in patients who are critically ill. Am J Med. 1985;79(suppl 2C):62-64.
    • (1985) Am J Med. , vol.79 , Issue.SUPPL. 2C , pp. 62-64
    • Borrero, E.1    Bank, S.2    Margolis, I.B.3
  • 25
    • 0023698995 scopus 로고
    • Stressblutungsprophylaxe auf einer internen Intensivstation: Sucralfat versus Ranitidin
    • Laggner AN, Lenz K, Graninger W, et al. Stressblutungsprophylaxe auf einer internen Intensivstation: Sucralfat versus Ranitidin. Anaesthesist. 1988;37:704-710.
    • (1988) Anaesthesist. , vol.37 , pp. 704-710
    • Laggner, A.N.1    Lenz, K.2    Graninger, W.3
  • 26
    • 0018189713 scopus 로고
    • Cimetidine: Prophylaxis against upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage after renal transplant
    • Jones RH, Rudge CJ, Bewick M, et al. Cimetidine: prophylaxis against upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage after renal transplant. BMJ. 1978;1: 398-400.
    • (1978) BMJ. , vol.1 , pp. 398-400
    • Jones, R.H.1    Rudge, C.J.2    Bewick, M.3
  • 27
    • 0019412665 scopus 로고
    • Failure of cimetidine to prevent gastroduodenal ulceration and bleeding after renal transplantation
    • Schiessel R, Starlinger M, Wolf A, et al. Failure of cimetidine to prevent gastroduodenal ulceration and bleeding after renal transplantation. Surgery. 1981;90:456-458.
    • (1981) Surgery , vol.90 , pp. 456-458
    • Schiessel, R.1    Starlinger, M.2    Wolf, A.3
  • 28
    • 0022634233 scopus 로고
    • Upper gastrointestinal tract bleeding acquired in a pediatric intensive care unit: Prophylaxis trial with cimetidine
    • Lacroix J, Infante-Rivard C, Gauthier M, et al. Upper gastrointestinal tract bleeding acquired in a pediatric intensive care unit: prophylaxis trial with cimetidine. J Pediatr. 1986;108:1015-1018.
    • (1986) J Pediatr. , vol.108 , pp. 1015-1018
    • Lacroix, J.1    Infante-Rivard, C.2    Gauthier, M.3
  • 29
    • 0026720728 scopus 로고
    • Frequency and prophylaxis of upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage in critically ill children: A prospective study comparing the efficacy of almagate, ranitidine, and sucralfate
    • Lopez-Herce J, Dorao P, Elola P, Delgado MA, Ruza F, Madero R, for the Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage Study Group. Frequency and prophylaxis of upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage in critically ill children: a prospective study comparing the efficacy of almagate, ranitidine, and sucralfate. Crit Care Med. 1992;20:1082-1089.
    • (1992) Crit Care Med. , vol.20 , pp. 1082-1089
    • Lopez-Herce, J.1    Dorao, P.2    Elola, P.3    Delgado, M.A.4    Ruza, F.5    Madero, R.6
  • 30
    • 0027457567 scopus 로고
    • Prophylaxis of gastrointestinal tract bleeding in patients admitted to a general hospital ward
    • Grau JM, Casademont J, Fernandez-Sola J, et al. Prophylaxis of gastrointestinal tract bleeding in patients admitted to a general hospital ward. Scand J Gastroenterol. 1993;28:244-248.
    • (1993) Scand J Gastroenterol. , vol.28 , pp. 244-248
    • Grau, J.M.1    Casademont, J.2    Fernandez-Sola, J.3
  • 33
    • 13644272544 scopus 로고
    • Incidence of pneumonia in mechanically ventilated patients treated with sucralfate or cimetidine as prophylaxis for stress bleeding: Bacterial colonization of the stomach
    • Kapsteir I, Schulgen G, Friedrich T, et al. Incidence of pneumonia in mechanically ventilated patients treated with sucralfate or cimetidine as prophylaxis for stress bleeding: bacterial colonization of the stomach Am J Med. 1991;91(suppl 24): 125S-131S.
    • (1991) Am J Med. , vol.91 , Issue.24 SUPPL.
    • Kapsteir, I.1    Schulgen, G.2    Friedrich, T.3
  • 34
    • 4243149165 scopus 로고
    • Pirenzepin in der Allgemeinchirurgie
    • Tryba M, ed. Stuttgart, Germany: Georg Thieme Verlag
    • Breucha G, Imhof M. Pirenzepin in der Allgemeinchirurgie. In: Tryba M, ed. Rationale Stressblutungsprophylaxe. Stuttgart, Germany: Georg Thieme Verlag; 1987:81-88.
    • (1987) Rationale Stressblutungsprophylaxe , pp. 81-88
    • Breucha, G.1    Imhof, M.2
  • 35
    • 0023945884 scopus 로고
    • Stressblutungen und postoperative Pneumonien bei Intensivpatienten unter Ranitidin oder Pirenzepin
    • Tryba M, Zevounou F, Wruck G. Stressblutungen und postoperative Pneumonien bei Intensivpatienten unter Ranitidin oder Pirenzepin. Dtsch Med Wochenschr. 1988;113:930-936.
    • (1988) Dtsch Med Wochenschr. , vol.113 , pp. 930-936
    • Tryba, M.1    Zevounou, F.2    Wruck, G.3
  • 37
    • 0021812713 scopus 로고
    • Prophylaxe gastroduodenaler Stresslasionen bei intensivpflegebedurftigen Unfallpatienten mit Sekretionshemmern: Inzidenz von Lasionen und Nebenwirkungen; Konsequenzen
    • Barandun J, Leutenegger A, Frutiger A, Ruedi T, Kobler E. Prophylaxe gastroduodenaler Stresslasionen bei intensivpflegebedurftigen Unfallpatienten mit Sekretionshemmern: Inzidenz von Lasionen und Nebenwirkungen; Konsequenzen. Schweiz Med Wochenschr. 1985;115:1022-1023.
    • (1985) Schweiz Med Wochenschr. , vol.115 , pp. 1022-1023
    • Barandun, J.1    Leutenegger, A.2    Frutiger, A.3    Ruedi, T.4    Kobler, E.5
  • 38
    • 0021800568 scopus 로고
    • Combination therapy with ranitidine and pirenzepine for control of intragastric pH in the critically ill
    • More DG, Raper RF, Watson CJ, et al. Combination therapy with ranitidine and pirenzepine for control of intragastric pH in the critically ill. Crit Care Med. 1985;13:651-655.
    • (1985) Crit Care Med. , vol.13 , pp. 651-655
    • More, D.G.1    Raper, R.F.2    Watson, C.J.3
  • 39
    • 0345579058 scopus 로고
    • Prophylaxis of acute gastric hemorrhage from stress-induced lesions - Comparison of pirenzipine and cimetidine in intensive care units
    • Abstract
    • Jmelnitzky AC, Moday MC, Gallardo EA, et al. Prophylaxis of acute gastric hemorrhage from stress-induced lesions - comparison of pirenzipine and cimetidine in intensive care units. Dig Dig Sci. 1986;31:A814. Abstract.
    • (1986) Dig Dig Sci. , vol.31
    • Jmelnitzky, A.C.1    Moday, M.C.2    Gallardo, E.A.3
  • 40
    • 0022239704 scopus 로고
    • Prevention of acute stress bleeding with sucralfate, antacid or cimetidine
    • Tryba M, Zevounou F, Torok M, et al. Prevention of acute stress bleeding with sucralfate, antacid or cimetidine. Am J Med. 1985;79(suppl 2C): 55-61.
    • (1985) Am J Med. , vol.79 , Issue.SUPPL. 2C , pp. 55-61
    • Tryba, M.1    Zevounou, F.2    Torok, M.3
  • 41
    • 0024456275 scopus 로고
    • Misoprostol versus antacid titration for preventing stress ulcers in postoperative surgical ICU patients
    • Zinner MJ, Rypins EB, Martin L, et al. Misoprostol versus antacid titration for preventing stress ulcers in postoperative surgical ICU patients. Ann Surg. 1989;210:590-595.
    • (1989) Ann Surg. , vol.210 , pp. 590-595
    • Zinner, M.J.1    Rypins, E.B.2    Martin, L.3
  • 42
    • 0021278347 scopus 로고
    • 2 does not prevent gastrointestinal bleeding in seriously ill patients
    • 2 does not prevent gastrointestinal bleeding in seriously ill patients. Am J Surg. 1984;147:451-455.
    • (1984) Am J Surg. , vol.147 , pp. 451-455
    • Skillman, J.J.1    Lisbon, A.2    Long, P.C.3
  • 44
    • 0026605308 scopus 로고
    • Stress ulcers and organ failure in intubated patients in surgical intensive care units
    • Martin LF, Booth FVM, Reines D, et al. Stress ulcers and organ failure in intubated patients in surgical intensive care units. Ann Surg. 1992;215: 332-337.
    • (1992) Ann Surg. , vol.215 , pp. 332-337
    • Martin, L.F.1    Booth, F.V.M.2    Reines, D.3
  • 45
    • 0028219205 scopus 로고
    • Stress ulcers are common after aortic surgery: Endoscopic evaluation of prophylactic therapy
    • Martin LF. Stress ulcers are common after aortic surgery: endoscopic evaluation of prophylactic therapy. Am Surg. 1994;60:169-174.
    • (1994) Am Surg. , vol.60 , pp. 169-174
    • Martin, L.F.1
  • 46
    • 0022416591 scopus 로고
    • Vergleich von Cimetidin-Pirenzepin Antacida zur Stressblutungsprophylaxe bei Intensivepatienten
    • Engelhardt D, Karl R, Kobl HJ, et al. Vergleich von Cimetidin-Pirenzepin Antacida zur Stressblutungsprophylaxe bei Intensivepatienten. Dtsch Med Wochenschr. 1985;110:908-914.
    • (1985) Dtsch Med Wochenschr. , vol.110 , pp. 908-914
    • Engelhardt, D.1    Karl, R.2    Kobl, H.J.3
  • 47
    • 0025061863 scopus 로고
    • Rôle de la prevention des hemorragies gastroduodenales de stress sur la colonisation gastrique et la survenue d'une pneumopathie nosocomiale chez le malade sous ventilation mécanique
    • Holzapfel L, Daveau L, Coupry A, et al. Rôle de la prevention des hemorragies gastroduodenales de stress sur la colonisation gastrique et la survenue d'une pneumopathie nosocomiale chez le malade sous ventilation mécanique. Rean Soins Intens Med Urg. 1990;6:141-145.
    • (1990) Rean Soins Intens Med Urg. , vol.6 , pp. 141-145
    • Holzapfel, L.1    Daveau, L.2    Coupry, A.3
  • 48
    • 23444457922 scopus 로고
    • Nosocomial pneumonia in mechanically ventilated patients receiving antacid, ranitidine, or sucralfate as prophylaxis for stress ulcer: A randomized controlled trial
    • Prod'hom G, Leuenberger P, Koerfer J, et al. Nosocomial pneumonia in mechanically ventilated patients receiving antacid, ranitidine, or sucralfate as prophylaxis for stress ulcer: a randomized controlled trial. Ann Intern Med. 1994;120:653-662.
    • (1994) Ann Intern Med. , vol.120 , pp. 653-662
    • Prod'hom, G.1    Leuenberger, P.2    Koerfer, J.3
  • 49
    • 6844228234 scopus 로고
    • Incidence of nosocomial pneumonia in mechanically ventilated trauma patients: A comparison of sucralfate and ranitidine
    • Pickworth KK, Falcone RE, Hoogeboom JE, et al. Incidence of nosocomial pneumonia in mechanically ventilated trauma patients: a comparison of sucralfate and ranitidine. Crit Care Med. 1992;20 (suppl):595.
    • (1992) Crit Care Med. , vol.20 , Issue.SUPPL. , pp. 595
    • Pickworth, K.K.1    Falcone, R.E.2    Hoogeboom, J.E.3
  • 51
    • 1842621883 scopus 로고
    • Cimetidine reduces upper gastrointestinal bleeding and nosocomial pneumonia in intensive care unit patients
    • Abstract
    • Karlstadt R, Herson J, Palmer R, et al. Cimetidine reduces upper gastrointestinal bleeding and nosocomial pneumonia in intensive care unit patients. Am J Gastroenterol. 1989;84:A:93. Abstract.
    • (1989) Am J Gastroenterol. , vol.84 A , pp. 93
    • Karlstadt, R.1    Herson, J.2    Palmer, R.3
  • 52
    • 0025240827 scopus 로고
    • Prospective endoscopic study of stress erosions and ulcers in critically ill neurosurgical patients: Current incidence and effect of acid-reducing prophylaxis
    • Reusser P, Gyr K, Scheidegger D, et al. Prospective endoscopic study of stress erosions and ulcers in critically ill neurosurgical patients: current incidence and effect of acid-reducing prophylaxis. Crit Care Med. 1990;18:270-274.
    • (1990) Crit Care Med. , vol.18 , pp. 270-274
    • Reusser, P.1    Gyr, K.2    Scheidegger, D.3
  • 53
    • 0024314236 scopus 로고
    • Role of gastric colonization in nosocomial infections and endotoxemia: A prospective study in neurosurgical patients on mechanical ventilation
    • Reusser P, Zimmerli W, Scheidegger D, et al. Role of gastric colonization in nosocomial infections and endotoxemia: a prospective study in neurosurgical patients on mechanical ventilation. J Infect Dis. 1989;160:414-421.
    • (1989) J Infect Dis. , vol.160 , pp. 414-421
    • Reusser, P.1    Zimmerli, W.2    Scheidegger, D.3
  • 54
    • 4243078209 scopus 로고
    • Ranitidina na profilaxia da hemorragia digestiva superior por ulceracoes de 'stress.'
    • Brandao A, Alvares-da-silva MR, Sibemberg J, et al. Ranitidina na profilaxia da hemorragia digestiva superior por ulceracoes de 'stress.' Gastrointest Esophageal Dis. 1991;10:105-110.
    • (1991) Gastrointest Esophageal Dis. , vol.10 , pp. 105-110
    • Brandao, A.1    Alvares-da-silva, M.R.2    Sibemberg, J.3
  • 55
    • 4243062407 scopus 로고
    • Stressulkus - Kausale oder symptomatische Prophylaxe?
    • Tryba M, ed. Stuttgart, Germany: Georg Thieme Verlag
    • Klein HJ. Stressulkus - kausale oder symptomatische Prophylaxe? In: Tryba M, ed. Rationale Stressblutungsprophylaxe. Stuttgart, Germany: Georg Thieme Verlag; 1987:66-76.
    • (1987) Rationale Stressblutungsprophylaxe , pp. 66-76
    • Klein, H.J.1
  • 56
    • 0020026409 scopus 로고
    • Medikamentose Pravention stressinduzierter Schleimhautlasionen im Magen-darm-trakt
    • Ditschuneit H, Malferheiner P. Medikamentose Pravention stressinduzierter Schleimhautlasionen im Magen-darm-trakt. Med Weldt Bd. 1982;33:78-82.
    • (1982) Med Weldt Bd. , vol.33 , pp. 78-82
    • Ditschuneit, H.1    Malferheiner, P.2
  • 57
    • 0026637190 scopus 로고
    • Gastric colonization and pneumonia in intubated critically ill patients receiving stress ulcer prophylaxis: A randomized, controlled trial
    • Apte NM, Karnad PR, Medhekar TP, et al. Gastric colonization and pneumonia in intubated critically ill patients receiving stress ulcer prophylaxis: a randomized, controlled trial. Crit Care Med. 1992;20;590-593.
    • (1992) Crit Care Med. , vol.20 , pp. 590-593
    • Apte, N.M.1    Karnad, P.R.2    Medhekar, T.P.3
  • 58
    • 0026354469 scopus 로고
    • A comparison of the frequency of stress ulceration and secondary pneumonia in sucralfate- Or ranitidine-treated intensive care unit patients
    • Eddleston JM, Vohra A, Scott P, et al. A comparison of the frequency of stress ulceration and secondary pneumonia in sucralfate- or ranitidine-treated intensive care unit patients. Crit Care Med. 1991;19:1491-1496.
    • (1991) Crit Care Med. , vol.19 , pp. 1491-1496
    • Eddleston, J.M.1    Vohra, A.2    Scott, P.3
  • 59
    • 0022376004 scopus 로고
    • Prevention of gastrointestinal bleeding in burns: The effects of cimetidine or antacids combined with early enteral feeding
    • Moscona R, Kaufman T, Jacobs R, et al. Prevention of gastrointestinal bleeding in burns: the effects of cimetidine or antacids combined with early enteral feeding. Burns. 1985;12:65-67.
    • (1985) Burns. , vol.12 , pp. 65-67
    • Moscona, R.1    Kaufman, T.2    Jacobs, R.3
  • 60
    • 0023552585 scopus 로고
    • A randomized clinical trial comparing ranitidine and antacids in critically ill patients
    • Noseworthy TRW, Shustack A, Johnston RG, et al. A randomized clinical trial comparing ranitidine and antacids in critically ill patients. Crit Care Med. 1987;15:817-819.
    • (1987) Crit Care Med. , vol.15 , pp. 817-819
    • Noseworthy, T.R.W.1    Shustack, A.2    Johnston, R.G.3
  • 61
    • 0023633735 scopus 로고
    • Risk of acute stress bleeding and nosocomial pneumonia in ventilated intensive care unit patients: Sucralfate versus antacids
    • Tryba M. Risk of acute stress bleeding and nosocomial pneumonia in ventilated intensive care unit patients: sucralfate versus antacids. Am J Med. 1987;83(suppl 3B):117-124.
    • (1987) Am J Med. , vol.83 , Issue.SUPPL. 3B , pp. 117-124
    • Tryba, M.1
  • 62
    • 0022391863 scopus 로고
    • Prophylaxis for acute stress ulcers: Antacids or cimetidine
    • Kingsley AN. Prophylaxis for acute stress ulcers: antacids or cimetidine. Am Surg. 1985;51:545-547.
    • (1985) Am Surg. , vol.51 , pp. 545-547
    • Kingsley, A.N.1
  • 63
    • 0022384272 scopus 로고
    • Effect of meciadanol and sucralfate as compared with antacid titration regimen on prevention of acute gastrointestinal hemorrhage in post-operative intensive care patients
    • Mundinger GH, Hays A, Allo M, et al. Effect of meciadanol and sucralfate as compared with antacid titration regimen on prevention of acute gastrointestinal hemorrhage in post-operative intensive care patients. Surg Forum. 1985;36:121-123.
    • (1985) Surg Forum. , vol.36 , pp. 121-123
    • Mundinger, G.H.1    Hays, A.2    Allo, M.3
  • 64
    • 0023624979 scopus 로고
    • Sucralfate suspension versus titrated antacids for the prevention of acute stress-related gastrointestinal hemorrhage in critically ill patients
    • Bresalier RS, Grendell JH, Cello JP, et al. Sucralfate suspension versus titrated antacids for the prevention of acute stress-related gastrointestinal hemorrhage in critically ill patients. Am J Med. 1987;83(suppl 3B):110-116.
    • (1987) Am J Med. , vol.83 , Issue.SUPPL. 3B , pp. 110-116
    • Bresalier, R.S.1    Grendell, J.H.2    Cello, J.P.3
  • 65
    • 0023515043 scopus 로고
    • Prophylaxis of upper gastrointestinal tract bleeding in mechanically ventilated patients
    • Cannon LA, Heiselman DE, Gardner WG, et al. Prophylaxis of upper gastrointestinal tract bleeding in mechanically ventilated patients. Arch Intern Med. 1987;147:2101-2106.
    • (1987) Arch Intern Med. , vol.147 , pp. 2101-2106
    • Cannon, L.A.1    De Heiselman2    Gardner, W.G.3
  • 66
    • 0017366538 scopus 로고
    • H-2 receptor antagonists and antacids in the prevention of acute gastrointestinal hemorrhage in fulminant hepatic failure
    • MacDougall BRD, Bailey RJ, Williams R. H-2 receptor antagonists and antacids in the prevention of acute gastrointestinal hemorrhage in fulminant hepatic failure. Lancet. 1977;1:617-619.
    • (1977) Lancet , vol.1 , pp. 617-619
    • MacDougall, B.R.D.1    Bailey, R.J.2    Williams, R.3
  • 67
    • 0022633829 scopus 로고
    • Cimetidine versus antacids in the prevention of stress erosions in critically ill patients
    • Polesky MH, Spanier AH. Cimetidine versus antacids in the prevention of stress erosions in critically ill patients. Am J Gastroenterol 1986;81:107-111.
    • (1986) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.81 , pp. 107-111
    • Polesky, M.H.1    Spanier, A.H.2
  • 68
    • 0018903206 scopus 로고
    • Antacid versus cimetidine in preventing acute gastrointestinal bleeding
    • Priebe HJ, Skillman JJ, Busnnell LS, et al. Antacid versus cimetidine in preventing acute gastrointestinal bleeding. N Engl J Med. 1980;302:426-430.
    • (1980) N Engl J Med. , vol.302 , pp. 426-430
    • Priebe, H.J.1    Skillman, J.J.2    Busnnell, L.S.3
  • 69
    • 0018712601 scopus 로고
    • Cimetidine affords protection equal to antacids in prevention of stress ulceration following thermal injury
    • McElwee HP, Sirinek KR, Levine BA. Cimetidine affords protection equal to antacids in prevention of stress ulceration following thermal injury. Surgery. 1979;86:620-626.
    • (1979) Surgery , vol.86 , pp. 620-626
    • McElwee, H.P.1    Sirinek, K.R.2    Levine, B.A.3
  • 70
    • 0025266138 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of cimetidine and placebo for the prophylaxis of upper gastrointestinal bleeding due to stress-related gastric mucosal damage in the intensive care unit
    • Karlstadt RG, Iberti TJ, Silverstein J, et al. Comparison of cimetidine and placebo for the prophylaxis of upper gastrointestinal bleeding due to stress-related gastric mucosal damage in the intensive care unit. J Intensive Care Med. 1990;5:26-32.
    • (1990) J Intensive Care Med. , vol.5 , pp. 26-32
    • Karlstadt, R.G.1    Iberti, T.J.2    Silverstein, J.3
  • 71
    • 0021994712 scopus 로고
    • Prevention of stress-induced gastrointestinal bleeding by cimetidine in patients on assisted ventilation
    • Van den Berg B, Van Blankenstein M. Prevention of stress-induced gastrointestinal bleeding by cimetidine in patients on assisted ventilation. Digestion. 1985;31:1-8.
    • (1985) Digestion. , vol.31 , pp. 1-8
    • Van Den Berg, B.1    Van Blankenstein, M.2
  • 72
    • 0022636315 scopus 로고
    • Cimetidine prophylaxis for gastrointestinal bleeding in an intensive care unit
    • Groll A, Simon JB, Wigle RD, et al. Cimetidine prophylaxis for gastrointestinal bleeding in an intensive care unit. Gut. 1986;27:135-140.
    • (1986) Gut , vol.27 , pp. 135-140
    • Groll, A.1    Simon, J.B.2    Wigle, R.D.3
  • 73
    • 0018921305 scopus 로고
    • Prevention of acute gastrointestinal complications after severe head injury: A controlled trial of cimetidine prophylaxis
    • Halloran LG, Zfass AM, Gayle WE. Prevention of acute gastrointestinal complications after severe head injury: a controlled trial of cimetidine prophylaxis. Am J Surg. 1980;139:44-48.
    • (1980) Am J Surg. , vol.139 , pp. 44-48
    • Halloran, L.G.1    Zfass, A.M.2    Gayle, W.E.3
  • 74
    • 0023634222 scopus 로고
    • Sucralfate versus antacid in the prevention of stress ulcer bleeding in patients on mechanical ventilation
    • Israsena S, Kladcharoen N, Limthongkul S, et al. Sucralfate versus antacid in the prevention of stress ulcer bleeding in patients on mechanical ventilation. J Med Assoc Thai. 1987;70:678-682.
    • (1987) J Med Assoc Thai. , vol.70 , pp. 678-682
    • Israsena, S.1    Kladcharoen, N.2    Limthongkul, S.3
  • 75
    • 0021804965 scopus 로고
    • Cimetidine for prevention and treatment of gastroduodenal mucosal lesions in patients in an intensive care unit
    • Peura DA, Johnson LF. Cimetidine for prevention and treatment of gastroduodenal mucosal lesions in patients in an intensive care unit. Ann Intern Med. 1985;103:173-177.
    • (1985) Ann Intern Med. , vol.103 , pp. 173-177
    • Peura, D.A.1    Johnson, L.F.2
  • 76
    • 0022501113 scopus 로고
    • Antacid versus sucralfate in preventing acute gastrointestinal tract bleeding in abdominal-aortic surgery
    • Borerro E, Ciervo J, Chang JB. Antacid versus sucralfate in preventing acute gastrointestinal tract bleeding in abdominal-aortic surgery. Arch Surg. 1986;121:810-812.
    • (1986) Arch Surg. , vol.121 , pp. 810-812
    • Borerro, E.1    Ciervo, J.2    Chang, J.B.3
  • 77
    • 0025860320 scopus 로고
    • Role of gastric colonization in the development of pneumonia in critically ill trauma patients: Results of a prospective randomized trial
    • Simms HH, DeMaria E, McDonald L, et al. Role of gastric colonization in the development of pneumonia in critically ill trauma patients: results of a prospective randomized trial. J Trauma. 1991; 31:531-537.
    • (1991) J Trauma. , vol.31 , pp. 531-537
    • Simms, H.H.1    DeMaria, E.2    McDonald, L.3
  • 78
    • 0026529853 scopus 로고
    • Prevention of nosocomial pneumonia in intubated patients: Respective role of mechanical subglottic secretions drainage and stress ulcer prophylaxis
    • Mahul P, Auboyer C, Jospe R, et al. Prevention of nosocomial pneumonia in intubated patients: respective role of mechanical subglottic secretions drainage and stress ulcer prophylaxis. Intensive Care Med. 1992;18:20-25.
    • (1992) Intensive Care Med. , vol.18 , pp. 20-25
    • Mahul, P.1    Auboyer, C.2    Jospe, R.3
  • 79
    • 0027102489 scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of sucralfate in the prevention of upper gastrointestinal stress bleeding in intensive care patients: Comparison vs a control group
    • Labattut AG, Santolalla PM, Andres AP, et al. Efficacy of sucralfate in the prevention of upper gastrointestinal stress bleeding in intensive care patients: comparison vs a control group. Clin Intensive Care. 1992;3:519-525.
    • (1992) Clin Intensive Care. , vol.3 , pp. 519-525
    • Labattut, A.G.1    Santolalla, P.M.2    Andres, A.P.3
  • 80
    • 0025824439 scopus 로고
    • Stress-induced gastroduodenal lesions and total parenteral nutrition in critically ill patients: Frequency, complications, and the value of prophylactic treatment: a prospective, randomized study
    • Ruiz-Santana S, Ortiz E, Gonzalez B, et al. Stress-induced gastroduodenal lesions and total parenteral nutrition in critically ill patients: frequency, complications, and the value of prophylactic treatment: a prospective, randomized study. Crit Care Med. 1991;19:887-891.
    • (1991) Crit Care Med. , vol.19 , pp. 887-891
    • Ruiz-Santana, S.1    Ortiz, E.2    Gonzalez, B.3
  • 81
    • 0025650329 scopus 로고
    • Gastric intramural pH and stress ulcer prophylaxis in critically ill patients
    • Knight-George AB, Bihari DJ. Gastric intramural pH and stress ulcer prophylaxis in critically ill patients. Clin Intensive Care. 1990;1:249-255.
    • (1990) Clin Intensive Care. , vol.1 , pp. 249-255
    • Knight-George, A.B.1    Bihari, D.J.2
  • 82
    • 0018835197 scopus 로고
    • Failure of gastric pH control by antacids or cimetidine in the critically ill: A valid sign of sepsis
    • Martin LP, Max MH, Polk HC. Failure of gastric pH control by antacids or cimetidine in the critically ill: a valid sign of sepsis. Surgery. 1980; 88:59-68.
    • (1980) Surgery , vol.88 , pp. 59-68
    • Martin, L.P.1    Max, M.H.2    Polk, H.C.3
  • 83
    • 0027938299 scopus 로고
    • Prospective endoscopic study of stress erosions and ulcers in critically ill adult patients treated with either sucralfate or placebo
    • Eddleston JM, Pearson RC, Holland J, Tooth JA, Vohra A, Doran BH. Prospective endoscopic study of stress erosions and ulcers in critically ill adult patients treated with either sucralfate or placebo. Crit Care Med. 1994;22:1949-1954.
    • (1994) Crit Care Med. , vol.22 , pp. 1949-1954
    • Eddleston, J.M.1    Pearson, R.C.2    Holland, J.3    Tooth, J.A.4    Vohra, A.5    Doran, B.H.6
  • 84
    • 0028567869 scopus 로고
    • Prophylaxis for stress-related gastric hemorrhage in the medical intensive care unit: A randomized controlled single blind study
    • Ben-Menachem T, Fogel R, Patel RV, et al. Prophylaxis for stress-related gastric hemorrhage in the medical intensive care unit: a randomized controlled single blind study. Ann Intern Med. 1994; 121:568-575.
    • (1994) Ann Intern Med. , vol.121 , pp. 568-575
    • Ben-Menachem, T.1    Fogel, R.2    Patel, R.V.3
  • 85
    • 0027531495 scopus 로고
    • Continuous intravenous cimeditine decreases stress-related upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage without promoting pneumonia
    • Martin LF, Booth FVM, Karlstadt RG, et al. Continuous intravenous cimeditine decreases stress-related upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage without promoting pneumonia. Crit Care Med. 1993;21:19-30.
    • (1993) Crit Care Med. , vol.21 , pp. 19-30
    • Martin, L.F.1    Booth, F.V.M.2    Karlstadt, R.G.3
  • 86
    • 0020074645 scopus 로고
    • Cimetidine and antacid in prophylaxis of acute gastrointestinal bleeding: A randomized, double-blind, controlled study
    • Abstract
    • Luk GD, Summer WR, Messersmith JF, et al. Cimetidine and antacid in prophylaxis of acute gastrointestinal bleeding: a randomized, double-blind, controlled study. Gastroenterology. 1982;82:1121. Abstract.
    • (1982) Gastroenterology. , vol.82 , pp. 1121
    • Luk, G.D.1    Summer, W.R.2    Messersmith, J.F.3
  • 87
    • 0023612057 scopus 로고
    • Nosocomial pneumonia in intubated patients give sucralfate as compared with antacids or histamine type 2 blockers
    • Driks MR, Craven DE, Bartolome RC, et al. Nosocomial pneumonia in intubated patients give sucralfate as compared with antacids or histamine type 2 blockers. N Engl J Med. 1987;317:1376-1382.
    • (1987) N Engl J Med. , vol.317 , pp. 1376-1382
    • Driks, M.R.1    Craven, D.E.2    Bartolome, R.C.3
  • 88
    • 0345579066 scopus 로고
    • Nosocomial pneumonia and stress ulcer prophylaxis in intubated patients: Comparative study of antacids and ranitidine versus sucralfate
    • Sirvent JM, Verdaguer R, Ferrer MJ, et al. Nosocomial pneumonia and stress ulcer prophylaxis in intubated patients: comparative study of antacids and ranitidine versus sucralfate. Intensive Care Med. 1992:S186.
    • (1992) Intensive Care Med.
    • Sirvent, J.M.1    Verdaguer, R.2    Ferrer, M.J.3
  • 90
    • 0027527150 scopus 로고
    • Impact of multiple risk factors and ranitidine prophylaxis on the development of stress related upper gastrointestinal bleeding: A prospective, multicenter, double-blind, randomized trial
    • Metz CA, Livingston DH, Smith JS, Larson GM, Wilson TH. Impact of multiple risk factors and ranitidine prophylaxis on the development of stress related upper gastrointestinal bleeding: a prospective, multicenter, double-blind, randomized trial. Crit Care Med. 1993;21:1844-1849.
    • (1993) Crit Care Med. , vol.21 , pp. 1844-1849
    • Metz, C.A.1    Livingston, D.H.2    Smith, J.S.3    Larson, G.M.4    Wilson, T.H.5
  • 91
    • 0028969823 scopus 로고
    • Acute stress bleeding prophylaxis with sucralfate versus ranitidine and incidence of secondary pneumonia in intensive care unit patients
    • Mustafa NA, Akturk G, Ozen I, et al. Acute stress bleeding prophylaxis with sucralfate versus ranitidine and incidence of secondary pneumonia in intensive care unit patients. Intensive Care Med. 1994;21:287.
    • (1994) Intensive Care Med. , vol.21 , pp. 287
    • Mustafa, N.A.1    Akturk, G.2    Ozen, I.3
  • 92
    • 0345147278 scopus 로고
    • 2 blockers or carafate bid for the prophylaxis of stress ulcers in the ICU
    • 2 blockers or carafate bid for the prophylaxis of stress ulcers in the ICU. Crit Care Med. 1993; 21(suppl):S181.
    • (1993) Crit Care Med. , vol.21 , Issue.SUPPL.
    • Levy, M.M.1    Carson, R.2    Miyasaki, A.3
  • 93
    • 0345147268 scopus 로고
    • Nosocomial pneumonia in ventilated trauma patients during stress ulcer prophylaxis with sucralfate, ranitidine and antacid
    • Abstract
    • Thomason M, Reeves R, Payseur E, et al. Nosocomial pneumonia in ventilated trauma patients during stress ulcer prophylaxis with sucralfate, ranitidine and antacid. Crit Care Med. 1995;23:A93. Abstract.
    • (1995) Crit Care Med. , vol.23
    • Thomason, M.1    Reeves, R.2    Payseur, E.3
  • 94
    • 2642710615 scopus 로고
    • Nosocomial pneumonia: Selective digestive decontamination and sucralfate
    • Palomar M, Alvarez F, Jorda R, et al. Nosocomial pneumonia: selective digestive decontamination and sucralfate. Intensive Care Med. 1992;18 (suppl):S58.
    • (1992) Intensive Care Med. , vol.18 , Issue.SUPPL.
    • Palomar, M.1    Alvarez, F.2    Jorda, R.3
  • 95
    • 4243187785 scopus 로고
    • Results of a double-blind, double-sham study of antacids versus sucralfate stress ulcer prophylaxis
    • Ephgrave K, Kleiman-Wexler R, Pfaller M, et al. Results of a double-blind, double-sham study of antacids versus sucralfate stress ulcer prophylaxis. Crit Care Med. 1993;21(suppl):S253.
    • (1993) Crit Care Med. , vol.21 , Issue.SUPPL.
    • Ephgrave, K.1    Kleiman-Wexler, R.2    Pfaller, M.3
  • 96
    • 0027369310 scopus 로고
    • Nosocomial pneumonia during stress ulcer prophylaxis with cimetidine and sucralfate
    • Ryan P, Dawson J, Teres D, et al. Nosocomial pneumonia during stress ulcer prophylaxis with cimetidine and sucralfate. Arch Surg. 1933;128:1353-1357.
    • (1933) Arch Surg. , vol.128 , pp. 1353-1357
    • Ryan, P.1    Dawson, J.2    Teres, D.3
  • 97
    • 0027518638 scopus 로고
    • Pneumonia and stress ulceration in severely injured patients
    • Fabian TC, Boucher BA, Croce MA, et al. Pneumonia and stress ulceration in severely injured patients. Arch Surg. 1993;128:185-192.
    • (1993) Arch Surg. , vol.128 , pp. 185-192
    • Fabian, T.C.1    Boucher, B.A.2    Croce, M.A.3
  • 98
    • 0028226752 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of acid neutralizing and non-acid neutralizing stress ulcer prophylaxis in thermally injured patients
    • Cioffi WG, McMannus AT, Rue LW, et al. Comparison of acid neutralizing and non-acid neutralizing stress ulcer prophylaxis in thermally injured patients. J Trauma. 1994;36:541-547.
    • (1994) J Trauma. , vol.36 , pp. 541-547
    • Cioffi, W.G.1    McMannus, A.T.2    Rue, L.W.3
  • 99
    • 0022342068 scopus 로고
    • Prophylactic postoperative nasogastric decompression
    • Cheadle WG, Vitale GC, Mackie CR, et al. Prophylactic postoperative nasogastric decompression. Ann Surg. 1985;202:361-366.
    • (1985) Ann Surg. , vol.202 , pp. 361-366
    • Cheadle, W.G.1    Vitale, G.C.2    Mackie, C.R.3
  • 100
    • 0023423821 scopus 로고
    • Meta-analysis of clinical trials as a scientific discipline: Replicate variability and comparison of studies that agree and disagree
    • Chalmers TC, Berrier J, Sacks HS, Levin H, Reitman D, Nagalingam R. Meta-analysis of clinical trials as a scientific discipline: replicate variability and comparison of studies that agree and disagree. Stat Med. 1987;6:733-744.
    • (1987) Stat Med. , vol.6 , pp. 733-744
    • Chalmers, T.C.1    Berrier, J.2    Sacks, H.S.3    Levin, H.4    Reitman, D.5    Nagalingam, R.6
  • 101
    • 0026534313 scopus 로고
    • Directory of registries of clinical trials
    • Easterbrook PJ. Directory of registries of clinical trials. Stat Med. 1992;15:345-359.
    • (1992) Stat Med. , vol.15 , pp. 345-359
    • Easterbrook, P.J.1
  • 102
    • 0026561593 scopus 로고
    • Why register clinical trials? - Revisited
    • Dickersin K. Why register clinical trials? - revisited. Control Clin Trials. 1992;13:170-177.
    • (1992) Control Clin Trials. , vol.13 , pp. 170-177
    • Dickersin, K.1
  • 103
    • 0027115183 scopus 로고
    • Will publication bias vanish in an age of online journals?
    • Document 12
    • Berlin JA. Will publication bias vanish in an age of online journals? Online J Curr Clin Trials 1992. Document 12.
    • (1992) Online J Curr Clin Trials
    • Berlin, J.A.1
  • 104
    • 0026652019 scopus 로고
    • Cumulative meta-analysis of therapeutic trials for myocardial infarction
    • Lau J, Antamn EM, Jimenez-Silva J, et al. Cumulative meta-analysis of therapeutic trials for myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med. 1992;327:248-254.
    • (1992) N Engl J Med. , vol.327 , pp. 248-254
    • Lau, J.1    Antamn, E.M.2    Jimenez-Silva, J.3
  • 105
    • 0025916225 scopus 로고
    • Effect of selective decontamination of the digestive tract on respiratory tract infections and mortality in the intensive care unit
    • Vandenbrouke-Grauls CMJE, Vandenbrouke JP. Effect of selective decontamination of the digestive tract on respiratory tract infections and mortality in the intensive care unit. Lancet. 1991; 338:859-862.
    • (1991) Lancet , vol.338 , pp. 859-862
    • Vandenbrouke-Grauls, C.M.J.E.1    Vandenbrouke, J.P.2
  • 106
    • 0027202258 scopus 로고
    • Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials of selective decontamination of the digestive tract
    • Selective Decontamination of the Digestive Tract Trialists' Collaborative Group. Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials of selective decontamination of the digestive tract. BMJ. 1993;307: 525-532.
    • (1993) BMJ , vol.307 , pp. 525-532
  • 107
    • 0028268933 scopus 로고
    • The role of selective digestive tract decontamination on mortality and respiratory tract infections: A meta-analysis
    • Kollef MH. The role of selective digestive tract decontamination on mortality and respiratory tract infections: a meta-analysis. Chest. 1994;105:1101-1108.
    • (1994) Chest , vol.105 , pp. 1101-1108
    • Kollef, M.H.1
  • 109
    • 0026542774 scopus 로고
    • Publication bias: The triumph of hope over experience
    • Rennie D, Flanagin A. Publication bias: the triumph of hope over experience. JAMA. 1992;267: 411-412.
    • (1992) JAMA , vol.267 , pp. 411-412
    • Rennie, D.1    Flanagin, A.2
  • 110
    • 0027273422 scopus 로고
    • Should unpublished data be included in meta-analyses? current convictions and controversies
    • Cook DJ, Guyatt GH, Ryan G, Clifton J, Oxman AD. Should unpublished data be included in meta-analyses? current convictions and controversies. JAMA. 1993;269:2749-2753.
    • (1993) JAMA , vol.269 , pp. 2749-2753
    • Cook, D.J.1    Guyatt, G.H.2    Ryan, G.3    Clifton, J.4    Oxman, A.D.5
  • 111
    • 0026675892 scopus 로고
    • Getting to grips with Archie Cochrane's agenda
    • Chalmers I, Dickerson K, Chalmers TC. Getting to grips with Archie Cochrane's agenda. BMJ 1992;305:786-788.
    • (1992) BMJ , vol.305 , pp. 786-788
    • Chalmers, I.1    Dickerson, K.2    Chalmers, T.C.3
  • 112
    • 0028895409 scopus 로고
    • Methodologic guidelines for systematic reviews of randomized controlled trials in health care: The Potsdam Consultation on Meta-analysis
    • Cook DJ, Sackett DL, Spitzer WO. Methodologic guidelines for systematic reviews of randomized controlled trials in health care: the Potsdam Consultation on Meta-analysis. J Clin Epidemiol. 1995;48:167-171.
    • (1995) J Clin Epidemiol. , vol.48 , pp. 167-171
    • Cook, D.J.1    Sackett, D.L.2    Spitzer, W.O.3
  • 113
    • 0019409766 scopus 로고
    • Diagnosis of nosocomial bacterial pneumonia in acute, diffuse lung injury
    • Andrews CP, Coalson JJ, Smith JD, Johanson WG Jr. Diagnosis of nosocomial bacterial pneumonia in acute, diffuse lung injury. Chest. 1981;80:254-258.
    • (1981) Chest , vol.80 , pp. 254-258
    • Andrews, C.P.1    Coalson, J.J.2    Smith, J.D.3    Johanson Jr., W.G.4
  • 114
    • 0020825620 scopus 로고
    • Multiple organ system failure and infection in adult respiratory distress syndrome
    • Bell RG, Coalson JJ, Smith JD, et al. Multiple organ system failure and infection in adult respiratory distress syndrome. Ann Intern Med. 1983; 99:293-298.
    • (1983) Ann Intern Med. , vol.99 , pp. 293-298
    • Bell, R.G.1    Coalson, J.J.2    Smith, J.D.3
  • 115
    • 0026955324 scopus 로고
    • Patient selection for clinical investigation of ventilator-associated pneumonia
    • Pingleton SK, Fagon JY, Leeper KV, for the Diagnosis Group. Patient selection for clinical investigation of ventilator-associated pneumonia. Chest. 1992;102(suppl):553S-556S.
    • (1992) Chest , vol.102 , Issue.SUPPL.
    • Pingleton, S.K.1    Fagon, J.Y.2    Leeper, K.V.3
  • 116
    • 0028097917 scopus 로고
    • Risk factors for gastrointestinal bleeding in critically ill patients
    • Cook DJ, Fuller H, Guyatt GH, et al, for the Canadian Critical Care Trials Group. Risk factors for gastrointestinal bleeding in critically ill patients. N Engl J Med. 1994;330:377-381.
    • (1994) N Engl J Med. , vol.330 , pp. 377-381
    • Cook, D.J.1    Fuller, H.2    Guyatt, G.H.3
  • 117
    • 0026014715 scopus 로고
    • The gastropulmonary route of infection: Fact or fiction?
    • Tryba M. The gastropulmonary route of infection: fact or fiction? Am J Med. 1991;91(suppl 2A):135S-145S.
    • (1991) Am J Med. , vol.91 , Issue.SUPPL. 2A
    • Tryba, M.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.