메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 9, Issue 8, 1996, Pages 1729-1735

Stomach as a source of colonization of the respiratory tract during mechanical ventilation: Association with ventilator-associated pneumonia

Author keywords

Gastric colonization; Pathogenesis; Pneumonia; Ventilator associated pneumonia

Indexed keywords

ARTIFICIAL VENTILATION; BACTERIAL COLONIZATION; BACTERIAL PNEUMONIA; ENTERIC FEEDING; GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX; HOSPITAL INFECTION; HUMAN; INFECTION RISK; INTENSIVE CARE UNIT; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK FACTOR; STOMACH ACID SECRETION; STOMACH PH;

EID: 0029778380     PISSN: 09031936     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1183/09031936.96.09081729     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (96)

References (55)
  • 1
    • 0023813273 scopus 로고
    • Detection of nosocomial lung infection in ventilated patients: Use of a protected specimen brush and quantitative culture techniques in 147 patients
    • Fagon JY, Chastre J, Hance AJ, et al. Detection of nosocomial lung infection in ventilated patients: use of a protected specimen brush and quantitative culture techniques in 147 patients. Am Rev Respir Dis 1988; 138: 110-116.
    • (1988) Am Rev Respir Dis , vol.138 , pp. 110-116
    • Fagon, J.Y.1    Chastre, J.2    Hance, A.J.3
  • 2
    • 0019409766 scopus 로고
    • Diagnosis of nosocomial pneumonia in acute diffuse lung injury
    • Andrews CP, Coalson JJ, Smith JD, et al. Diagnosis of nosocomial pneumonia in acute diffuse lung injury. Chest 1981; 80: 254-258.
    • (1981) Chest , vol.80 , pp. 254-258
    • Andrews, C.P.1    Coalson, J.J.2    Smith, J.D.3
  • 3
    • 0027244587 scopus 로고
    • Incidence and risk factors of pneumonia in intensive care units: Results from a multicenter prospective study on 996 patients
    • Chevret S, Hemmer M, Carlet J, Langer M, and the European Co-operative Group on nosocomial pneumonia. Incidence and risk factors of pneumonia in intensive care units: results from a multicenter prospective study on 996 patients. Intensive Care Med 1993; 19: 256-264.
    • (1993) Intensive Care Med , vol.19 , pp. 256-264
    • Chevret, S.1    Hemmer, M.2    Carlet, J.3    Langer, M.4
  • 4
    • 0015429633 scopus 로고
    • Nosocomial respiratory infections with Gram-negative bacilli: The significance of colonization of the respiratory tract
    • Johanson WG Jr, Pierce AK, Sanford JP, Thomas GD. Nosocomial respiratory infections with Gram-negative bacilli: the significance of colonization of the respiratory tract. Ann Intern Med 1972; 77: 701-706.
    • (1972) Ann Intern Med , vol.77 , pp. 701-706
    • Johanson Jr., W.G.1    Pierce, A.K.2    Sanford, J.P.3    Thomas, G.D.4
  • 5
    • 0024536918 scopus 로고
    • Nosocomial pneumonia in the intubated patient: Role of gastric colonization
    • Craven DE, Daschner FD. Nosocomial pneumonia in the intubated patient: role of gastric colonization. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 1989; 8: 40-50.
    • (1989) Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis , vol.8 , pp. 40-50
    • Craven, D.E.1    Daschner, F.D.2
  • 7
    • 0029024556 scopus 로고
    • The pathogenesis of ventilator-associated pneumonia. I. Mechanisms of bacterial trans-colonization and airway inoculation
    • Estes RJ, Meduri GU. The pathogenesis of ventilator-associated pneumonia. I. Mechanisms of bacterial trans-colonization and airway inoculation. Intensive Care Med 1995; 21: 365-383.
    • (1995) Intensive Care Med , vol.21 , pp. 365-383
    • Estes, R.J.1    Meduri, G.U.2
  • 8
    • 0029918456 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New etiopathogenic concepts of ventilator-associated pneumonia
    • Cassiere HA, Niederman MS. New etiopathogenic concepts of ventilator-associated pneumonia. Semin Respir Infect 1996; 11: 13-23.
    • (1996) Semin Respir Infect , vol.11 , pp. 13-23
    • Cassiere, H.A.1    Niederman, M.S.2
  • 9
    • 0025863717 scopus 로고
    • Nosocomial pneumonia in the critically ill: Product of aspiration or translocation?
    • Fiddian Green RG, Baker S. Nosocomial pneumonia in the critically ill: product of aspiration or translocation? Crit Care Med 1991; 19: 763-769.
    • (1991) Crit Care Med , vol.19 , pp. 763-769
    • Fiddian Green, R.G.1    Baker, S.2
  • 10
    • 0024382264 scopus 로고
    • Recent studies on the microbial ecology of the upper gastrointestinal tract
    • Bernhardt H, Knoke M. Recent studies on the microbial ecology of the upper gastrointestinal tract. Infection 1989; 17: 259-263.
    • (1989) Infection , vol.17 , pp. 259-263
    • Bernhardt, H.1    Knoke, M.2
  • 11
    • 0024691567 scopus 로고
    • The impact of microbial ecology on clinical problems
    • Knoke M, Bernhardt H. The impact of microbial ecology on clinical problems. Infection 1989; 17: 255-258.
    • (1989) Infection , vol.17 , pp. 255-258
    • Knoke, M.1    Bernhardt, H.2
  • 12
    • 8544248498 scopus 로고
    • A study of the bacterial power of hydrochloric acid and of gastric juice
    • Garrod LP. A study of the bacterial power of hydrochloric acid and of gastric juice. St. Bartholomew's Hospital Reports 1939; 72: 145-167.
    • (1939) St. Bartholomew's Hospital Reports , vol.72 , pp. 145-167
    • Garrod, L.P.1
  • 13
    • 0020043864 scopus 로고
    • Aspiration of gastric bacteria in antacid-treated patients: A frequent cause of postoperative colonization of the airway
    • Du Moulin GC, Hedley-White J, Paterson DG, Lisbon A. Aspiration of gastric bacteria in antacid-treated patients: a frequent cause of postoperative colonization of the airway. Lancet 1982; i: 242-245.
    • (1982) Lancet , vol.1 , pp. 242-245
    • Du Moulin, G.C.1    Hedley-White, J.2    Paterson, D.G.3    Lisbon, A.4
  • 14
    • 0022652076 scopus 로고
    • Alteration of normal gastric flora in critical care patients receiving antacid and cimetidine therapy
    • Donowitz LG, Page MC, Mileur GL, Guenter SH. Alteration of normal gastric flora in critical care patients receiving antacid and cimetidine therapy. Infect Control 1986; 7: 23-26.
    • (1986) Infect Control , vol.7 , pp. 23-26
    • Donowitz, L.G.1    Page, M.C.2    Mileur, G.L.3    Guenter, S.H.4
  • 15
    • 23444457922 scopus 로고
    • Nosocomial pneumonia in mechanically-ventilated patients receiving antacid, ranitidine, or sucralfate as prophylaxis for stress ulcer: A randomized controlled trial
    • Prod'hom G, Leuenberger P, Koerfer J, et al. Nosocomial pneumonia in mechanically-ventilated patients receiving antacid, ranitidine, or sucralfate as prophylaxis for stress ulcer: a randomized controlled trial. Ann Intern Med 1994; 120: 653-662.
    • (1994) Ann Intern Med , vol.120 , pp. 653-662
    • Prod'hom, G.1    Leuenberger, P.2    Koerfer, J.3
  • 16
    • 0028097917 scopus 로고
    • Risk factors for gastrointestinal bleeding in critically ill patients
    • Cook DJ, Fuller HD, Guyatt OH, et al. Risk factors for gastrointestinal bleeding in critically ill patients. N Engl J Med 1994; 330: 377-381.
    • (1994) N Engl J Med , vol.330 , pp. 377-381
    • Cook, D.J.1    Fuller, H.D.2    Guyatt, O.H.3
  • 17
    • 0022456204 scopus 로고
    • Enteral nutrition in patients receiving mechanical ventilation: Multiple sources of tracheal colonization include the stomach
    • Pingleton SK, Hinthorn DR, Liu C. Enteral nutrition in patients receiving mechanical ventilation: multiple sources of tracheal colonization include the stomach. Am J Med 1986; 80: 827-832.
    • (1986) Am J Med , vol.80 , pp. 827-832
    • Pingleton, S.K.1    Hinthorn, D.R.2    Liu, C.3
  • 18
    • 0026778539 scopus 로고
    • Effect of acidified enteral feedings on gastric colonization in the critically ill patient
    • Heyland D, Bradley C, Mandell LA. Effect of acidified enteral feedings on gastric colonization in the critically ill patient. Crit Care Med 1992; 20 (10): 1388-1394.
    • (1992) Crit Care Med , vol.20 , Issue.10 , pp. 1388-1394
    • Heyland, D.1    Bradley, C.2    Mandell, L.A.3
  • 19
    • 0026725752 scopus 로고
    • Nutritional outcome and pneumonia in critical care patients randomized to gastric versus jejunal tube feedings
    • Montecalvo MA, Steger KA, Farber HW, et al. Nutritional outcome and pneumonia in critical care patients randomized to gastric versus jejunal tube feedings. Crit Care Med 1992; 20: 1377-1387.
    • (1992) Crit Care Med , vol.20 , pp. 1377-1387
    • Montecalvo, M.A.1    Steger, K.A.2    Farber, H.W.3
  • 20
    • 0027456324 scopus 로고
    • Gastroduodenal dysfunction and bacterial colonisation of the ventilated lung
    • Inglis TJ, Sherrat MJ, Sproat LJ, Gibson JS, Hawkey PM. Gastroduodenal dysfunction and bacterial colonisation of the ventilated lung. Lancet 1993; 341: 911-913.
    • (1993) Lancet , vol.341 , pp. 911-913
    • Inglis, T.J.1    Sherrat, M.J.2    Sproat, L.J.3    Gibson, J.S.4    Hawkey, P.M.5
  • 22
    • 0027391081 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of blue dye and glucose oxidase test strip methods for detecting pulmonary aspiration of enteral feeding in intubated adults
    • Potts RG, Zaroukian MH, Guerrero PA, Baker CD. Comparison of blue dye and glucose oxidase test strip methods for detecting pulmonary aspiration of enteral feeding in intubated adults. Chest 1993; 103: 117-121.
    • (1993) Chest , vol.103 , pp. 117-121
    • Potts, R.G.1    Zaroukian, M.H.2    Guerrero, P.A.3    Baker, C.D.4
  • 23
    • 0028154831 scopus 로고
    • Glucose content of tracheal aspirates: Implications for the detection of tube feeding aspiration
    • Kinsey GC, Murray MJ, Swensen SJ, Miles JM. Glucose content of tracheal aspirates: implications for the detection of tube feeding aspiration. Crit Care Med 1994; 22: 1557-1562.
    • (1994) Crit Care Med , vol.22 , pp. 1557-1562
    • Kinsey, G.C.1    Murray, M.J.2    Swensen, S.J.3    Miles, J.M.4
  • 24
    • 0026606379 scopus 로고
    • Pulmonary aspiration of gastric contents in patients receiving mechanical ventilation: The effect of body position
    • Torres A, Serra-Batlles J, Ros E, et al. Pulmonary aspiration of gastric contents in patients receiving mechanical ventilation: the effect of body position. Ann Intern Med 1992; 116: 540-543.
    • (1992) Ann Intern Med , vol.116 , pp. 540-543
    • Torres, A.1    Serra-Batlles, J.2    Ros, E.3
  • 25
    • 0029091511 scopus 로고
    • Semirecumbent position protects from pulmonary aspiration but not completely from gastroesophageal reflux in mechanically-ventilated patients
    • Orozco-Levi M, Torres A, Ferrer M, et al. Semirecumbent position protects from pulmonary aspiration but not completely from gastroesophageal reflux in mechanically-ventilated patients. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1995; 1387-1390.
    • (1995) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , pp. 1387-1390
    • Orozco-Levi, M.1    Torres, A.2    Ferrer, M.3
  • 26
    • 0026776206 scopus 로고
    • Gastroesophageal reflux in intubated patients receiving enteral nutrition: Effect of supine and semirecumbent positions
    • Ibañez J, Peñafiel A, Raurich JM, Marse P, Jordá R, Mata F. Gastroesophageal reflux in intubated patients receiving enteral nutrition: effect of supine and semirecumbent positions. J Parent Enteral Nutr 1992; 16: 419-422.
    • (1992) J Parent Enteral Nutr , vol.16 , pp. 419-422
    • Ibañez, J.1    Peñafiel, A.2    Raurich, J.M.3    Marse, P.4    Jordá, R.5    Mata, F.6
  • 27
    • 0029121831 scopus 로고
    • Reintubation increases the risk of nosocomial pneumonia in patients needing mechanical ventilation
    • Torres A, Gatell JM, Aznar E, et al. Reintubation increases the risk of nosocomial pneumonia in patients needing mechanical ventilation. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1995; 152: 137-141.
    • (1995) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.152 , pp. 137-141
    • Torres, A.1    Gatell, J.M.2    Aznar, E.3
  • 28
    • 0024562506 scopus 로고
    • Effects of gastric alkalization on bacterial colonization in critically ill patients
    • Garvey BM, McCambley JA, Tuxen DV. Effects of gastric alkalization on bacterial colonization in critically ill patients. Crit Care Med 1989; 17: 211-216.
    • (1989) Crit Care Med , vol.17 , pp. 211-216
    • Garvey, B.M.1    McCambley, J.A.2    Tuxen, D.V.3
  • 29
    • 0026637190 scopus 로고
    • Gastric colonization and pneumonia in intubated critically ill patients receiving stress ulcer prophylaxis: A randomized, controlled trial
    • Apte MM, Karnad DR, Medhekar TP, Tilve GH, Morye S, Bhave GG. Gastric colonization and pneumonia in intubated critically ill patients receiving stress ulcer prophylaxis: a randomized, controlled trial. Crit Care Med 1992; 20: 590-593.
    • (1992) Crit Care Med , vol.20 , pp. 590-593
    • Apte, M.M.1    Karnad, D.R.2    Medhekar, T.P.3    Tilve, G.H.4    Morye, S.5    Bhave, G.G.6
  • 30
    • 0027172501 scopus 로고
    • Gastric and pharyngeal flora in nosocomial pneumonia acquired during mechanical ventilation
    • Torres A, El-Ebiary M, Gonzalez J, et al. Gastric and pharyngeal flora in nosocomial pneumonia acquired during mechanical ventilation. Am Rev Respir Dis 1993; 148: 352-357.
    • (1993) Am Rev Respir Dis , vol.148 , pp. 352-357
    • Torres, A.1    El-Ebiary, M.2    Gonzalez, J.3
  • 31
    • 0026582655 scopus 로고
    • Gastric colonization by Gram-negative bacilli and nosocomial pneumonia in the intensive care unit patients: Evidence for causation
    • Heyland D, Mandell LA. Gastric colonization by Gram-negative bacilli and nosocomial pneumonia in the intensive care unit patients: evidence for causation. Chest 1992; 101: 187-193.
    • (1992) Chest , vol.101 , pp. 187-193
    • Heyland, D.1    Mandell, L.A.2
  • 32
    • 0027202258 scopus 로고
    • Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials of selective decontamination of the digestive tract
    • Selective Decontamination of the Digestive Tract Trialists' Collaborative Group. Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials of selective decontamination of the digestive tract. BMJ 1993; 307: 525-532.
    • (1993) BMJ , vol.307 , pp. 525-532
  • 34
    • 0026665891 scopus 로고
    • A predictive risk index for nosocomial pneumonia in the intensive care unit
    • Joshi N, Localio R, Hamory BH. A predictive risk index for nosocomial pneumonia in the intensive care unit. Am J Med 1992; 93: 135-142.
    • (1992) Am J Med , vol.93 , pp. 135-142
    • Joshi, N.1    Localio, R.2    Hamory, B.H.3
  • 35
    • 0025102886 scopus 로고
    • Incidence, risk and prognosis factors of nosocomial pneumonia in mechanically-ventilated patients
    • Torres A, Aznar R, Gatell JM, et al. Incidence, risk and prognosis factors of nosocomial pneumonia in mechanically-ventilated patients. Am Rev Respir Dis 1990; 142: 523-528.
    • (1990) Am Rev Respir Dis , vol.142 , pp. 523-528
    • Torres, A.1    Aznar, R.2    Gatell, J.M.3
  • 36
    • 0027382380 scopus 로고
    • Ventilator-associated pneumonia: A multivariate analysis
    • Kollef MH. Ventilator-associated pneumonia: a multivariate analysis. JAMA 1993; 270: 1965-1970.
    • (1993) JAMA , vol.270 , pp. 1965-1970
    • Kollef, M.H.1
  • 37
    • 0025860320 scopus 로고
    • Role of gastric colonization in the development of pneumonia in critically ill trauma patients: Results of prospective randomized trial
    • Simms HH, DeMaria E, McDonald L, Peterson D, Robinson A, Burchard KW. Role of gastric colonization in the development of pneumonia in critically ill trauma patients: results of prospective randomized trial. J Trauma 1991; 31: 531-536.
    • (1991) J Trauma , vol.31 , pp. 531-536
    • Simms, H.H.1    DeMaria, E.2    McDonald, L.3    Peterson, D.4    Robinson, A.5    Burchard, K.W.6
  • 38
    • 0024314236 scopus 로고
    • Role of gastric colonization in nosocomial infections and endotoxemia: A prospective study in neurosurgical patients on mechanical ventilation
    • Reusser P, Zimmerli W, Scheidegger D, Marbet GA, Buser M, Klaus G. Role of gastric colonization in nosocomial infections and endotoxemia: a prospective study in neurosurgical patients on mechanical ventilation. J Infect Dis 1989; 160: 414-421.
    • (1989) J Infect Dis , vol.160 , pp. 414-421
    • Reusser, P.1    Zimmerli, W.2    Scheidegger, D.3    Marbet, G.A.4    Buser, M.5    Klaus, G.6
  • 39
    • 0028316668 scopus 로고
    • The stomach is not a source for colonization of the upper respiratory tract and pneumonia in ICU patients
    • Bonten M, Gaillard CA, vanTiel FH, Smeets HG, Geest SV, Stobberingh EE. The stomach is not a source for colonization of the upper respiratory tract and pneumonia in ICU patients. Chest 1994; 105: 878-884.
    • (1994) Chest , vol.105 , pp. 878-884
    • Bonten, M.1    Gaillard, C.A.2    VanTiel, F.H.3    Smeets, H.G.4    Geest, S.V.5    Stobberingh, E.E.6
  • 40
    • 0027943669 scopus 로고
    • Colonization in patients receiving and not receiving topical antimicrobial prophylaxis
    • Bonten M, Gaillard CA, Johanson WG, et al. Colonization in patients receiving and not receiving topical antimicrobial prophylaxis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1994; 150: 1332-1340.
    • (1994) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.150 , pp. 1332-1340
    • Bonten, M.1    Gaillard, C.A.2    Johanson, W.G.3
  • 41
    • 0026786009 scopus 로고
    • Role of selective digestive decontamination (SDD) in the prevention of nosocomial pneumonia (NP): Is gastric decontamination necessary?
    • Martinez-Pellús AE, Ruiz J, Garcia J, et al. Role of selective digestive decontamination (SDD) in the prevention of nosocomial pneumonia (NP): is gastric decontamination necessary? Intensive Care Med 1992; 18: 218-221.
    • (1992) Intensive Care Med , vol.18 , pp. 218-221
    • Martinez-Pellús, A.E.1    Ruiz, J.2    Garcia, J.3
  • 42
    • 0025013242 scopus 로고
    • Prevention of nosocomial lung infection in ventilated patients: Use of an antimicrobial pharyngeal nonabsorbable paste
    • Rodriguez-Roldan JM, Altuna-Cuesta A, Lopez A, et al. Prevention of nosocomial lung infection in ventilated patients: use of an antimicrobial pharyngeal nonabsorbable paste. Crit Care Med 1990; 18: 1239-1242.
    • (1990) Crit Care Med , vol.18 , pp. 1239-1242
    • Rodriguez-Roldan, J.M.1    Altuna-Cuesta, A.2    Lopez, A.3
  • 43
    • 0025817751 scopus 로고
    • Nosocomial pneumonia and the role of gastric pH: A meta-analysis
    • Cook D, Laine LA, Guyatt GH, Raffin TA. Nosocomial pneumonia and the role of gastric pH: a meta-analysis. Chest 1991; 100: 7-13.
    • (1991) Chest , vol.100 , pp. 7-13
    • Cook, D.1    Laine, L.A.2    Guyatt, G.H.3    Raffin, T.A.4
  • 44
    • 0028694302 scopus 로고
    • Gastric alkalinization does not increase the risk of pneumonia in critically ill patients
    • Simms HH. Gastric alkalinization does not increase the risk of pneumonia in critically ill patients. Semin Respir Infect 1994; 9: 222-227.
    • (1994) Semin Respir Infect , vol.9 , pp. 222-227
    • Simms, H.H.1
  • 45
    • 9444252889 scopus 로고
    • Role of the gut in the pathogenesis of septic complications in critical illness
    • Fink MP. Role of the gut in the pathogenesis of septic complications in critical illness. Semin Respir Infect 1994; 9: 221.
    • (1994) Semin Respir Infect , vol.9 , pp. 221
    • Fink, M.P.1
  • 46
    • 84961428002 scopus 로고
    • Is bacterial translocation an etiopathogenic mechanism in the development of nosocomial pneumonia?
    • El-Ebiary M, Torres A, Hernandez C, et al. Is bacterial translocation an etiopathogenic mechanism in the development of nosocomial pneumonia? Am J Respir Crit Care Dis 1994; 149: A972.
    • (1994) Am J Respir Crit Care Dis , vol.149
    • El-Ebiary, M.1    Torres, A.2    Hernandez, C.3
  • 47
    • 0025808141 scopus 로고
    • 2-antagonists for stress ulcer prophylaxis: A meta-analysis on efficacy and pneumonia rate
    • 2-antagonists for stress ulcer prophylaxis: a meta-analysis on efficacy and pneumonia rate. Crit Care Med 1991; 19: 942-949.
    • (1991) Crit Care Med , vol.19 , pp. 942-949
    • Tryba, M.1
  • 48
    • 0023636292 scopus 로고
    • Antibacterial activity of sucralfate in human gastric juice
    • Tryba M, Mantey-Stiers F. Antibacterial activity of sucralfate in human gastric juice. Am J Med 1987; 83 (Suppl. 3B): 125-127.
    • (1987) Am J Med , vol.83 , Issue.SUPPL. 3B , pp. 125-127
    • Tryba, M.1    Mantey-Stiers, F.2
  • 49
    • 0028010814 scopus 로고
    • Utility of selective digestive decontamination in mechanically-ventilated patients
    • Ferrer M, Torres A, Gonzalez J, et al. Utility of selective digestive decontamination in mechanically-ventilated patients. Ann Intern Med 1994; 120: 389-395.
    • (1994) Ann Intern Med , vol.120 , pp. 389-395
    • Ferrer, M.1    Torres, A.2    Gonzalez, J.3
  • 50
    • 0026732629 scopus 로고
    • Double-blind study of selective decontamination of the digestive tract in intensive care
    • Hammond JM, Potgieter PD, Saunders GL, Forder AA. Double-blind study of selective decontamination of the digestive tract in intensive care. Lancet 1992; 340: 5-9.
    • (1992) Lancet , vol.340 , pp. 5-9
    • Hammond, J.M.1    Potgieter, P.D.2    Saunders, G.L.3    Forder, A.A.4
  • 51
    • 0027201989 scopus 로고
    • Neurologic disease requiring long-term ventilation: The role of selective decontamination of the digestive tract in preventing nosocomial infection
    • Hammond JM, Potgieter PD. Neurologic disease requiring long-term ventilation: the role of selective decontamination of the digestive tract in preventing nosocomial infection. Chest 1993; 104: 547-551.
    • (1993) Chest , vol.104 , pp. 547-551
    • Hammond, J.M.1    Potgieter, P.D.2
  • 52
    • 0026543599 scopus 로고
    • A controlled trial in intensive care units of selective decontamination of the digestive tract with nonabsorbable antibiotics. the French Study Group on Selective Decontamination of the Digestive Tract
    • Gastinne H, Wolff M, Delateur F, Faurisson F, Chevret S. A controlled trial in intensive care units of selective decontamination of the digestive tract with nonabsorbable antibiotics. The French Study Group on Selective Decontamination of the Digestive Tract. N Engl J Med 1992; 326: 594-599.
    • (1992) N Engl J Med , vol.326 , pp. 594-599
    • Gastinne, H.1    Wolff, M.2    Delateur, F.3    Faurisson, F.4    Chevret, S.5
  • 53
    • 0027486011 scopus 로고
    • Can selective digestive decontamination avoid the endotoxemia and cytokine activation promoted by cardiopulmonary bypass?
    • Martinez-Pellús AE, Merino P, Bru M, et al. Can selective digestive decontamination avoid the endotoxemia and cytokine activation promoted by cardiopulmonary bypass? Crit Care Med 1993; 21: 1684-1691.
    • (1993) Crit Care Med , vol.21 , pp. 1684-1691
    • Martinez-Pellús, A.E.1    Merino, P.2    Bru, M.3
  • 54
    • 0026529853 scopus 로고
    • Prevention of nosocomial pneumonia in intubated patients: Respective role of mechanical subglottic secretions drainage and stress ulcer prophylaxis
    • Mahul Ph, Auboyer C, Jospe R, et al. Prevention of nosocomial pneumonia in intubated patients: respective role of mechanical subglottic secretions drainage and stress ulcer prophylaxis. Intensive Care Med 1992; 18: 20-25.
    • (1992) Intensive Care Med , vol.18 , pp. 20-25
    • Mahul, Ph.1    Auboyer, C.2    Jospe, R.3
  • 55
    • 0028833778 scopus 로고
    • Continuous aspiration of subglottic secretions in preventing ventilator-associated pneumonia
    • Vallés J, Artigas A, Rello J, et al. Continuous aspiration of subglottic secretions in preventing ventilator-associated pneumonia. Ann Intern Med 1995; 122: 179-186.
    • (1995) Ann Intern Med , vol.122 , pp. 179-186
    • Vallés, J.1    Artigas, A.2    Rello, J.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.