메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 40, Issue 5, 2009, Pages

Living beyond our physiological means: Small vessel disease of the brain is an expression of a systemic failure in arteriolar function: A unifying hypothesis

Author keywords

Brain ischemia; Endothelium; Pathology; Vascular cognitive impairment; White matter disease

Indexed keywords

AGING; BRAIN BLOOD VESSEL; BRAIN DISEASE; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; DISEASE COURSE; HISTOPATHOLOGY; HUMAN; KIDNEY DISEASE; NEUROIMAGING; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; POPULATION RESEARCH; PREVALENCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RETINA DISEASE; REVIEW; STROKE; SYSTEMIC ARTERIOLAR DYSFUNCTION; VASCULAR DISEASE; ANIMAL; ARTERIOLE; CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASE; METABOLISM; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; PATHOLOGY; PHYSIOLOGY; RISK FACTOR;

EID: 65549155203     PISSN: 00392499     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.108.542266     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (167)

References (135)
  • 2
    • 52449095871 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • World stroke day 2008: 'little strokes, big trouble
    • Hachinski V. World stroke day 2008: 'little strokes, big trouble.' Stroke. 2008;39:2407-2420.
    • (2008) Stroke , vol.39 , pp. 2407-2420
    • Hachinski, V.1
  • 3
    • 0041353101 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Annual incidence of first silent stroke in the United States: A preliminary estimate
    • Leary MC, Saver JL. Annual incidence of first silent stroke in the United States: a preliminary estimate. Cerebrovasc Dis. 2003;16:280-285.
    • (2003) Cerebrovasc Dis , vol.16 , pp. 280-285
    • Leary, M.C.1    Saver, J.L.2
  • 4
    • 33748203710 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rethinking the dementia diagnoses in a population-based study: What is Alzheimer's disease and what is vascular dementia? A study from the Kungsholmen Project
    • Aguero-Torres H, Kivipelto M, von Strauss E. Rethinking the dementia diagnoses in a population-based study: what is Alzheimer's disease and what is vascular dementia? A study from the Kungsholmen Project. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord. 2006;22:244-249.
    • (2006) Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord , vol.22 , pp. 244-249
    • Aguero-Torres, H.1    Kivipelto, M.2    von Strauss, E.3
  • 5
    • 0031029655 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Infarctlike lesions in the brain: Prevalence and anatomic characteristics at MR imaging of the elderly-data from the Cardiovascular Health Study
    • Bryan RN, Wells SW, Miller TJ, Elster AD, Jungreis CA, Poirier VC, Lind BK, Manolio TA. Infarctlike lesions in the brain: prevalence and anatomic characteristics at MR imaging of the elderly-data from the Cardiovascular Health Study. Radiology. 1997;202:47-54.
    • (1997) Radiology , vol.202 , pp. 47-54
    • Bryan, R.N.1    Wells, S.W.2    Miller, T.J.3    Elster, A.D.4    Jungreis, C.A.5    Poirier, V.C.6    Lind, B.K.7    Manolio, T.A.8
  • 8
    • 0028080138 scopus 로고
    • Neuropsychological deficits in vascular dementia vs Alzheimer's disease. Frontal lobe deficits prominent in vascular dementia
    • Kertesz A, Clydesdale S. Neuropsychological deficits in vascular dementia vs Alzheimer's disease. Frontal lobe deficits prominent in vascular dementia. Arch Neurol. 1994;51:1226-1231.
    • (1994) Arch Neurol , vol.51 , pp. 1226-1231
    • Kertesz, A.1    Clydesdale, S.2
  • 9
    • 0347753738 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment and prediction of functional impairment in vascular dementia
    • Boyle PA, Cahn-Weiner D. Assessment and prediction of functional impairment in vascular dementia. Expert Rev Neurother. 2004;4: 109-114.
    • (2004) Expert Rev Neurother , vol.4 , pp. 109-114
    • Boyle, P.A.1    Cahn-Weiner, D.2
  • 11
    • 0014422476 scopus 로고
    • The arterial lesions underlying lacunes
    • Fisher CM. The arterial lesions underlying lacunes. Acta Neuropathol. 1968;12:1-15.
    • (1968) Acta Neuropathol , vol.12 , pp. 1-15
    • Fisher, C.M.1
  • 12
    • 0023730644 scopus 로고
    • Evolution and testing of the lacunar hypothesis
    • Bamford JM, Warlow CP. Evolution and testing of the lacunar hypothesis. Stroke. 1988;19:1074-1082.
    • (1988) Stroke , vol.19 , pp. 1074-1082
    • Bamford, J.M.1    Warlow, C.P.2
  • 13
    • 0000950693 scopus 로고
    • Lacunar infarcts-a review
    • Fisher CM. Lacunar infarcts-a review. Cerebrovasc Dis. 1991;1: 311-320.
    • (1991) Cerebrovasc Dis , vol.1 , pp. 311-320
    • Fisher, C.M.1
  • 14
    • 0033786827 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pathology of small vessel stroke
    • Lammie GA. Pathology of small vessel stroke. Br Med Bull. 2000;56: 296-306.
    • (2000) Br Med Bull , vol.56 , pp. 296-306
    • Lammie, G.A.1
  • 15
    • 33746332960 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cerebral white matter hyperintensities on MRI: Current concepts and therapeutic implications
    • Ovbiagele B, Saver JL. Cerebral white matter hyperintensities on MRI: current concepts and therapeutic implications. Cerebrovasc Dis. 2006; 22:83-90.
    • (2006) Cerebrovasc Dis , vol.22 , pp. 83-90
    • Ovbiagele, B.1    Saver, J.L.2
  • 16
    • 0024591825 scopus 로고
    • The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study: Design and objectives
    • The ARIC Investigators
    • The ARIC Investigators. The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study: design and objectives. Am J Epidemiol. 1989;129: 687-702.
    • (1989) Am J Epidemiol , vol.129 , pp. 687-702
  • 18
    • 0037014581 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ARIC Investigators. Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. Cerebral white matter lesions, retinopathy, and incident clinical stroke
    • Wong TY, Klein R, Sharrett AR, Couper DJ, Klein BE, Liao DP, Hubbard LD, Mosley TH; ARIC Investigators. Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. Cerebral white matter lesions, retinopathy, and incident clinical stroke. JAMA. 2002;288:67-74.
    • (2002) JAMA , vol.288 , pp. 67-74
    • Wong, T.Y.1    Klein, R.2    Sharrett, A.R.3    Couper, D.J.4    Klein, B.E.5    Liao, D.P.6    Hubbard, L.D.7    Mosley, T.H.8
  • 20
    • 33644875162 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Retinal microvascular abnormalities and MRI-defined subclinical cerebral infarction: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study
    • Cooper LS, Wong TY, Klein R, Sharrett AR, Bryan RN, Hubbard LD, Couper DJ, Heiss G, Sorlie PD. Retinal microvascular abnormalities and MRI-defined subclinical cerebral infarction: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. Stroke. 2006;37:82-86.
    • (2006) Stroke , vol.37 , pp. 82-86
    • Cooper, L.S.1    Wong, T.Y.2    Klein, R.3    Sharrett, A.R.4    Bryan, R.N.5    Hubbard, L.D.6    Couper, D.J.7    Heiss, G.8    Sorlie, P.D.9
  • 24
    • 22844439519 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Associations between retinal micro-vascular abnormalities and declining renal function in the elderly population: The Cardiovascular Health Study
    • Edwards MS, Wilson DB, Craven TE, Stafford J, Fried LF, Wong TY, Klein R, Burke GL, Hansen KJ. Associations between retinal micro-vascular abnormalities and declining renal function in the elderly population: the Cardiovascular Health Study. Am J Kidney Dis. 2005;46: 214-224.
    • (2005) Am J Kidney Dis , vol.46 , pp. 214-224
    • Edwards, M.S.1    Wilson, D.B.2    Craven, T.E.3    Stafford, J.4    Fried, L.F.5    Wong, T.Y.6    Klein, R.7    Burke, G.L.8    Hansen, K.J.9
  • 28
    • 36448952023 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chronic kidney disease is associated with white matter hyperintensity volume: The Northern Manhattan Study (NOMAS)
    • Khatri M, Wright CB, Nickolas TL, Yoshita M, Paik MC, Kranwinkel G, Sacco RL, DeCarli C. Chronic kidney disease is associated with white matter hyperintensity volume: the Northern Manhattan Study (NOMAS). Stroke. 2007;38:3121-3126.
    • (2007) Stroke , vol.38 , pp. 3121-3126
    • Khatri, M.1    Wright, C.B.2    Nickolas, T.L.3    Yoshita, M.4    Paik, M.C.5    Kranwinkel, G.6    Sacco, R.L.7    DeCarli, C.8
  • 29
    • 48349085759 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cerebral small vessel disease and chronic kidney disease (CKD): Results of a Cross-Sectional Study in Community-based Japanese Elderly
    • Wada M, Nagasawa H, Iseki C, Takahashi Y, Sato H, Arawaka S, Kawanami T, Kurita K, Daimon M, Kato T. Cerebral small vessel disease and chronic kidney disease (CKD): results of a Cross-Sectional Study in Community-based Japanese Elderly. J Neurol Sci. 2008;272: 36-42.
    • (2008) J Neurol Sci , vol.272 , pp. 36-42
    • Wada, M.1    Nagasawa, H.2    Iseki, C.3    Takahashi, Y.4    Sato, H.5    Arawaka, S.6    Kawanami, T.7    Kurita, K.8    Daimon, M.9    Kato, T.10
  • 30
    • 40449129236 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cognitive impairment in the aging dialysis and chronic kidney disease populations: An occult burden
    • Murray AM. Cognitive impairment in the aging dialysis and chronic kidney disease populations: an occult burden. Adv Chronic Kidney Dis. 2008;15:123-132.
    • (2008) Adv Chronic Kidney Dis , vol.15 , pp. 123-132
    • Murray, A.M.1
  • 37
    • 0030853705 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Periventricular white matter lucencies in patients with lacunar stroke. A marker of too high or too low blood pressure?
    • Chamorro A, Pujol J, Saiz A, Vila N, Vilanova JC, Alday M, Blanc R. Periventricular white matter lucencies in patients with lacunar stroke. A marker of too high or too low blood pressure? Arch Neurol. 1997;54: 1284-1288.
    • (1997) Arch Neurol , vol.54 , pp. 1284-1288
    • Chamorro, A.1    Pujol, J.2    Saiz, A.3    Vila, N.4    Vilanova, J.C.5    Alday, M.6    Blanc, R.7
  • 38
    • 0027471726 scopus 로고
    • Relationship between vascular factors and white matter low attenuation of the brain
    • Raiha I, Tarvonen S, Kurki T, Rajala T, Sourander L. Relationship between vascular factors and white matter low attenuation of the brain. Acta Neurol Scand. 1993;87:286-289.
    • (1993) Acta Neurol Scand , vol.87 , pp. 286-289
    • Raiha, I.1    Tarvonen, S.2    Kurki, T.3    Rajala, T.4    Sourander, L.5
  • 39
    • 0028348502 scopus 로고
    • Periventricular white matter lucency and cerebral blood flow autoregulation in hypertensive patients
    • Matsushita K, Kuriyama Y, Nagatsuka K, Nakamura M, Sawada T, Omae T. Periventricular white matter lucency and cerebral blood flow autoregulation in hypertensive patients. Hypertension. 1994;23: 565-568.
    • (1994) Hypertension , vol.23 , pp. 565-568
    • Matsushita, K.1    Kuriyama, Y.2    Nagatsuka, K.3    Nakamura, M.4    Sawada, T.5    Omae, T.6
  • 42
    • 0033795036 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration
    • Beatty S, Koh H, Phil M, Henson D, Boulton M. The role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration. Surv Ophthalmol. 2000;45:115-134.
    • (2000) Surv Ophthalmol , vol.45 , pp. 115-134
    • Beatty, S.1    Koh, H.2    Phil, M.3    Henson, D.4    Boulton, M.5
  • 46
    • 67349121680 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Understanding white matter disease, imag-ing-pathological correlations in vascular cognitive impairment
    • In press, December 8. Epub
    • Black S, Gao FQ, Bilbao J. Understanding white matter disease, imag-ing-pathological correlations in vascular cognitive impairment. Stroke. In press. 2008 December 8. Epub.
    • (2008) Stroke
    • Black, S.1    Gao, F.Q.2    Bilbao, J.3
  • 47
    • 35548954701 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationship of macular microcirculation and retinal thickness with visual acuity in diabetic macular edema
    • Sakata K, Funatsu H, Harino S, Noma H, Hori S. Relationship of macular microcirculation and retinal thickness with visual acuity in diabetic macular edema. Ophthalmology. 2007;114:2061-2069.
    • (2007) Ophthalmology , vol.114 , pp. 2061-2069
    • Sakata, K.1    Funatsu, H.2    Harino, S.3    Noma, H.4    Hori, S.5
  • 50
    • 54049111409 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The association between kidney disease and cardiovascular risk in a multiethnic cohort: Findings from the Northern Manhattan Study (NOMAS)
    • Nickolas TL, Khatri M, Boden-Albala B, Kiryluk K, Luo X, Gervasi-Franklin P, Paik M, Sacco RL. The association between kidney disease and cardiovascular risk in a multiethnic cohort: findings from the Northern Manhattan Study (NOMAS). Stroke. 2008;39:2876-2879.
    • (2008) Stroke , vol.39 , pp. 2876-2879
    • Nickolas, T.L.1    Khatri, M.2    Boden-Albala, B.3    Kiryluk, K.4    Luo, X.5    Gervasi-Franklin, P.6    Paik, M.7    Sacco, R.L.8
  • 51
    • 44349096287 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypertension and cerebrovascular dysfunction
    • Iadecola C, Davisson R. Hypertension and cerebrovascular dysfunction. Cell Metab. 2008;7:476-484.
    • (2008) Cell Metab , vol.7 , pp. 476-484
    • Iadecola, C.1    Davisson, R.2
  • 52
    • 4444329422 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reactive oxygen species, vascular oxidative stress, and redox signaling in hypertension: What is the clinical significance?
    • Touyz RM. Reactive oxygen species, vascular oxidative stress, and redox signaling in hypertension: what is the clinical significance? Hypertension. 2004;44:248-252.
    • (2004) Hypertension , vol.44 , pp. 248-252
    • Touyz, R.M.1
  • 53
    • 42649126713 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cognitive functioning and chronic heart failure: A review of the literature (2002-July 2007)
    • Pressler SJ. Cognitive functioning and chronic heart failure: a review of the literature (2002-July 2007). J Cardiovasc Nurs. 2008;23:239-249.
    • (2008) J Cardiovasc Nurs , vol.23 , pp. 239-249
    • Pressler, S.J.1
  • 54
    • 44449156820 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metabolic syndrome is associated with silent ischemic brain lesions
    • Bokura H, Yamaguchi S, Iijima K, Nagai A, Oguro H. Metabolic syndrome is associated with silent ischemic brain lesions. Stroke. 2008; 39:1607-1609.
    • (2008) Stroke , vol.39 , pp. 1607-1609
    • Bokura, H.1    Yamaguchi, S.2    Iijima, K.3    Nagai, A.4    Oguro, H.5
  • 55
    • 1642422870 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Myocardial glucose metabolism assessed by positron emission tomography and the histopathologic findings of microvessels in syndrome X
    • Osamichi S, Kouji K, Yoshimaro I, Tadashi U, Hiroichi T, Seiyu K, Shinji O, Noboru T. Myocardial glucose metabolism assessed by positron emission tomography and the histopathologic findings of microvessels in syndrome X. Circ J. 2004;68:220-226.
    • (2004) Circ J , vol.68 , pp. 220-226
    • Osamichi, S.1    Kouji, K.2    Yoshimaro, I.3    Tadashi, U.4    Hiroichi, T.5    Seiyu, K.6    Shinji, O.7    Noboru, T.8
  • 57
    • 0030937940 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pathogenesis of leukoaraiosis: A review
    • Pantoni L, Garcia JH. Pathogenesis of leukoaraiosis: a review. Stroke. 1997;28:652-659.
    • (1997) Stroke , vol.28 , pp. 652-659
    • Pantoni, L.1    Garcia, J.H.2
  • 58
    • 0029655250 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ultrastructural features of the blood-brain barrier in biopsy tissue from Alzheimer's disease patients
    • Claudio L. Ultrastructural features of the blood-brain barrier in biopsy tissue from Alzheimer's disease patients. Acta Neuropathol. 1996; 91:6-14.
    • (1996) Acta Neuropathol , vol.91 , pp. 6-14
    • Claudio, L.1
  • 59
    • 0025105669 scopus 로고
    • Micro-vascular changes in aged rat forebrain. Effects of chronic nimodipine treatment
    • de Jong GI, de Weerd H, Schuurman T, Traber J, Luiten PG. Micro-vascular changes in aged rat forebrain. Effects of chronic nimodipine treatment. Neurobiol Aging. 1990;11:381-389.
    • (1990) Neurobiol Aging , vol.11 , pp. 381-389
    • de Jong, G.I.1    de Weerd, H.2    Schuurman, T.3    Traber, J.4    Luiten, P.G.5
  • 61
  • 62
    • 0034114131 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Similar ultrastructural breakdown of cerebrocortical capillaries in Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and experimental hypertension. What is the functional link?
    • Farkas E, de Jong GI, Apro E, De Vos RA, Steur EN, Luiten PG. Similar ultrastructural breakdown of cerebrocortical capillaries in Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and experimental hypertension. What is the functional link? Ann NY Acad Sci. 2000;903:72-82.
    • (2000) Ann NY Acad Sci , vol.903 , pp. 72-82
    • Farkas, E.1    de Jong, G.I.2    Apro, E.3    De Vos, R.A.4    Steur, E.N.5    Luiten, P.G.6
  • 63
    • 0033944494 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pathological features of cerebral cortical capillaries are doubled in Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease
    • Farkas E, de Jong GI, de Vos RA, Jansen Steur EN, Luiten PG. Pathological features of cerebral cortical capillaries are doubled in Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Acta Neuropathol. 2000; 100:395-402.
    • (2000) Acta Neuropathol , vol.100 , pp. 395-402
    • Farkas, E.1    de Jong, G.I.2    de Vos, R.A.3    Jansen Steur, E.N.4    Luiten, P.G.5
  • 64
    • 0035047718 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cerebral microvascular pathology in aging and Alzheimer's disease
    • Farkas E, Luiten PG. Cerebral microvascular pathology in aging and Alzheimer's disease. Progr Neurobiol. 2001;64:575-611.
    • (2001) Progr Neurobiol , vol.64 , pp. 575-611
    • Farkas, E.1    Luiten, P.G.2
  • 65
    • 0025341743 scopus 로고
    • Microangiopathy, the vascular basement membrane and Alzheimer's disease: A review
    • Perlmutter LS, Chui HC. Microangiopathy, the vascular basement membrane and Alzheimer's disease: a review. Brain Res Bull. 1990;24: 677-686.
    • (1990) Brain Res Bull , vol.24 , pp. 677-686
    • Perlmutter, L.S.1    Chui, H.C.2
  • 67
    • 12944289492 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aging is associated with increased collagen type IV accumulation in the basal lamina of human cerebral microvessels
    • Uspenskaia O, Liebetrau M, Herms J, Danek A, Hamann GF. Aging is associated with increased collagen type IV accumulation in the basal lamina of human cerebral microvessels. BMC Neurosci. 2004;5:37.
    • (2004) BMC Neurosci , vol.5 , pp. 37
    • Uspenskaia, O.1    Liebetrau, M.2    Herms, J.3    Danek, A.4    Hamann, G.F.5
  • 68
    • 51849111808 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fibrinoid necrosis of small brain arteries and arterioles and military aneurysms as causes of hypertensive hemorrhage: A critical reappraisal
    • Rosenblum W. Fibrinoid necrosis of small brain arteries and arterioles and military aneurysms as causes of hypertensive hemorrhage: a critical reappraisal. Acta Neuropathol. 2008;116:361-369.
    • (2008) Acta Neuropathol , vol.116 , pp. 361-369
    • Rosenblum, W.1
  • 70
    • 0037338557 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is breakdown of the blood-brain barrier responsible for lacunar stroke, leukoaraiosis, and dementia?
    • Wardlaw JM, Sandercock PA, Dennis MS, Starr J. Is breakdown of the blood-brain barrier responsible for lacunar stroke, leukoaraiosis, and dementia? Stroke. 2003;34:806-812.
    • (2003) Stroke , vol.34 , pp. 806-812
    • Wardlaw, J.M.1    Sandercock, P.A.2    Dennis, M.S.3    Starr, J.4
  • 73
    • 0026450788 scopus 로고
    • Blood-brain barrier abnormalities in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: Immunohistochemical localization of serum proteins in postmortem brain
    • Petito CK, Cash KS. Blood-brain barrier abnormalities in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: immunohistochemical localization of serum proteins in postmortem brain. Ann Neurol. 1992;32:658-666.
    • (1992) Ann Neurol , vol.32 , pp. 658-666
    • Petito, C.K.1    Cash, K.S.2
  • 74
    • 0034986171 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ultrastructural and permeability features of microvessels in the hippocampus, cerebellum and pons of senescence-accelerated mice (SAM)
    • Ueno M, Sakamoto H, Kanenishi K, Onodera M, Akiguchi I, Hosokawa M. Ultrastructural and permeability features of microvessels in the hippocampus, cerebellum and pons of senescence-accelerated mice (SAM). Neurobiol Aging. 2001;22:469-478.
    • (2001) Neurobiol Aging , vol.22 , pp. 469-478
    • Ueno, M.1    Sakamoto, H.2    Kanenishi, K.3    Onodera, M.4    Akiguchi, I.5    Hosokawa, M.6
  • 75
    • 38149091885 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sustained pharmacological inhibition of deltapkc protects against hypertensive encepha-lopathy through prevention of blood-brain barrier breakdown in rats
    • Qi X, Inagaki K, Sobel RA, Mochly-Rosen D. Sustained pharmacological inhibition of deltapkc protects against hypertensive encepha-lopathy through prevention of blood-brain barrier breakdown in rats. J Clin Invest. 2008;118:173-182.
    • (2008) J Clin Invest , vol.118 , pp. 173-182
    • Qi, X.1    Inagaki, K.2    Sobel, R.A.3    Mochly-Rosen, D.4
  • 76
    • 0036139570 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Blood-brain barrier disruption in white matter lesions in a rat model of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion
    • Ueno M, Tomimoto H, Akiguchi I, Wakita H, Sakamoto H. Blood-brain barrier disruption in white matter lesions in a rat model of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2002;22: 97-104.
    • (2002) J Cereb Blood Flow Metab , vol.22 , pp. 97-104
    • Ueno, M.1    Tomimoto, H.2    Akiguchi, I.3    Wakita, H.4    Sakamoto, H.5
  • 77
    • 0037336035 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Morphometric study of arterioles and glomeruli in the aging kidney suggests focal loss of autoregulation
    • Hill GS, Heudes D, Bariety J. Morphometric study of arterioles and glomeruli in the aging kidney suggests focal loss of autoregulation. Kidney Int. 2003;63:1027-1036.
    • (2003) Kidney Int , vol.63 , pp. 1027-1036
    • Hill, G.S.1    Heudes, D.2    Bariety, J.3
  • 78
    • 36849049298 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypoxia and the HIF system in kidney disease
    • Nangaku M, Eckardt KU. Hypoxia and the HIF system in kidney disease. J Mol Med. 2007;85:1325-1330.
    • (2007) J Mol Med , vol.85 , pp. 1325-1330
    • Nangaku, M.1    Eckardt, K.U.2
  • 79
    • 0033520641 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Histopathology of age-related macular degeneration
    • Green WR. Histopathology of age-related macular degeneration. Mol Vis. 1999;5:27.
    • (1999) Mol Vis , vol.5 , pp. 27
    • Green, W.R.1
  • 84
    • 0033231993 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of endothelial and smooth muscle cells in the physiopathology and treatment management of pulmonary hypertension
    • Veyssier-Belot C, Cacoub P. Role of endothelial and smooth muscle cells in the physiopathology and treatment management of pulmonary hypertension. Cardiovasc Res. 1999;44:274-282.
    • (1999) Cardiovasc Res , vol.44 , pp. 274-282
    • Veyssier-Belot, C.1    Cacoub, P.2
  • 85
    • 0035524474 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular mechanisms of pulmonary fibrosis and current treatment
    • Kuwano K, Hagimoto N, Hara N. Molecular mechanisms of pulmonary fibrosis and current treatment. Curr Mol Med. 2001;1:551-573.
    • (2001) Curr Mol Med , vol.1 , pp. 551-573
    • Kuwano, K.1    Hagimoto, N.2    Hara, N.3
  • 86
    • 44349140101 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypoxia-inducible factor signaling in the development of tissue fibrosis
    • Higgins DF, Kimura K, Iwano M, Haase VH. Hypoxia-inducible factor signaling in the development of tissue fibrosis. Cell Cycle. 2008;7: 1128-1132.
    • (2008) Cell Cycle , vol.7 , pp. 1128-1132
    • Higgins, D.F.1    Kimura, K.2    Iwano, M.3    Haase, V.H.4
  • 90
    • 11144332398 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypoxia potentiates transforming growth factor-beta expression of hepatocyte during the cirrhotic condition in rat liver
    • Jeong WI, Do SH, Yun HS, Song BJ, Kim SJ, Kwak WJ, Yoo SE, Park HY, Jeong KS. Hypoxia potentiates transforming growth factor-beta expression of hepatocyte during the cirrhotic condition in rat liver. Liver Int. 2004;24:658-668.
    • (2004) Liver Int , vol.24 , pp. 658-668
    • Jeong, W.I.1    Do, S.H.2    Yun, H.S.3    Song, B.J.4    Kim, S.J.5    Kwak, W.J.6    Yoo, S.E.7    Park, H.Y.8    Jeong, K.S.9
  • 91
    • 0242366443 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transforming growth factor-beta: A neu-roprotective factor in cerebral ischemia
    • Dhandapani KM, Brann DW. Transforming growth factor-beta: a neu-roprotective factor in cerebral ischemia. Cell Biochem Biophys. 2003; 39:13-22.
    • (2003) Cell Biochem Biophys , vol.39 , pp. 13-22
    • Dhandapani, K.M.1    Brann, D.W.2
  • 92
    • 47949105603 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Potent anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects of TGF-beta1 are mediated through the inhibition of ERK and p47phox-ser345 phosphorylation and translocation in microglia
    • Qian L, Wei SJ, Zhang D, Hu X, Xu Z, Wilson B, El-Benna J, Hong JS, Flood PM. Potent anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects of TGF-beta1 are mediated through the inhibition of ERK and p47phox-ser345 phosphorylation and translocation in microglia. JImmunol. 2008; 181:660-668.
    • (2008) JImmunol , vol.181 , pp. 660-668
    • Qian, L.1    Wei, S.J.2    Zhang, D.3    Hu, X.4    Xu, Z.5    Wilson, B.6    El-Benna, J.7    Hong, J.S.8    Flood, P.M.9
  • 93
    • 0033900999 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chronic overproduction of transforming growth factor-β1 by astrocytes promotes Alzheimer's disease-like microvascular degeneration in transgenic mice
    • Wyss-Coray T, Lin C, Sanan DA, Mucke L, Masliah E. Chronic overproduction of transforming growth factor-β1 by astrocytes promotes Alzheimer's disease-like microvascular degeneration in transgenic mice. Am J Pathol. 2000;156:139-150.
    • (2000) Am J Pathol , vol.156 , pp. 139-150
    • Wyss-Coray, T.1    Lin, C.2    Sanan, D.A.3    Mucke, L.4    Masliah, E.5
  • 94
    • 0036838772 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pathogenesis of fibrosis: Role of TGF-beta and CTGF
    • Ihn H. Pathogenesis of fibrosis: role of TGF-beta and CTGF. Curr Opin Rheumatol. 2002;14:681-685.
    • (2002) Curr Opin Rheumatol , vol.14 , pp. 681-685
    • Ihn, H.1
  • 95
    • 0036019163 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypertensive cerebral small vessel disease and stroke
    • Lammie GA. Hypertensive cerebral small vessel disease and stroke. Brain Pathol. 2002;12:358-370.
    • (2002) Brain Pathol , vol.12 , pp. 358-370
    • Lammie, G.A.1
  • 97
    • 0027345873 scopus 로고
    • Pathogenesis of lacunar infarcts and small deep infarcts
    • Pullicino PM. Pathogenesis of lacunar infarcts and small deep infarcts. Adv Neurol. 1993;62:125-140.
    • (1993) Adv Neurol , vol.62 , pp. 125-140
    • Pullicino, P.M.1
  • 98
    • 0028535872 scopus 로고
    • Circulating fibrocytes define a new leukocyte subpopulation that mediates tissue repair
    • Bucala R, Spiegel LA, Chesney J, Hogan M, Cerami A. Circulating fibrocytes define a new leukocyte subpopulation that mediates tissue repair. Mol Med. 1994;1:71-81.
    • (1994) Mol Med , vol.1 , pp. 71-81
    • Bucala, R.1    Spiegel, L.A.2    Chesney, J.3    Hogan, M.4    Cerami, A.5
  • 100
    • 0346724511 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epithelial-mesenchymal transition and its implications for fibrosis
    • Kalluri R, Neilson EG. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition and its implications for fibrosis. J Clin Invest. 2003;112:1776-1784.
    • (2003) J Clin Invest , vol.112 , pp. 1776-1784
    • Kalluri, R.1    Neilson, E.G.2
  • 101
    • 0034785496 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dissection of key events in tubular epithelial to myofi-broblast transition and its implications in renal interstitial fibrosis
    • Yang J, Liu Y. Dissection of key events in tubular epithelial to myofi-broblast transition and its implications in renal interstitial fibrosis. Am J Pathol. 2001;159:1465-1475.
    • (2001) Am J Pathol , vol.159 , pp. 1465-1475
    • Yang, J.1    Liu, Y.2
  • 102
    • 0036088906 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Renal fibrosis. Extracellular matrix microenvironment regulates migratory behavior of activated tubular epithelial cells
    • Zeisberg M, Maeshima Y, Mosterman B, Kalluri R. Renal fibrosis. Extracellular matrix microenvironment regulates migratory behavior of activated tubular epithelial cells. Am J Pathol. 2002;160:2001-2008.
    • (2002) Am J Pathol , vol.160 , pp. 2001-2008
    • Zeisberg, M.1    Maeshima, Y.2    Mosterman, B.3    Kalluri, R.4
  • 104
    • 34447504987 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Perspectives on endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition: Potential contribution to vascular remodeling in chronic pulmonary hypertension
    • Arciniegas E, Frid MG, Douglas IS, Stenmark KR. Perspectives on endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition: potential contribution to vascular remodeling in chronic pulmonary hypertension. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2007;293:L1-L8.
    • (2007) Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol , vol.293
    • Arciniegas, E.1    Frid, M.G.2    Douglas, I.S.3    Stenmark, K.R.4
  • 105
    • 0043123368 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Unusual topographical pattern of proximal astro-gliosis around a cortical devascularizing lesion
    • Wang K, Walz W. Unusual topographical pattern of proximal astro-gliosis around a cortical devascularizing lesion. J Neurosci Res. 2003; 73:497-506.
    • (2003) J Neurosci Res , vol.73 , pp. 497-506
    • Wang, K.1    Walz, W.2
  • 106
    • 33947646259 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Permanent, bilateral common carotid artery occlusion in the rat: A model for chronic cerebral hypoperfusion-related neurodegenerative diseases
    • Farkas E, Luiten PG, Bari F. Permanent, bilateral common carotid artery occlusion in the rat: a model for chronic cerebral hypoperfusion-related neurodegenerative diseases. Brain Res Rev. 2007;54:162-180.
    • (2007) Brain Res Rev , vol.54 , pp. 162-180
    • Farkas, E.1    Luiten, P.G.2    Bari, F.3
  • 107
    • 33646379156 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inflammation: A unifying theory of disease
    • Inflammation: a unifying theory of disease. Harv Health Lett. 2006; 31:4-5.
    • (2006) Harv Health Lett , vol.31 , pp. 4-5
  • 114
    • 35649013704 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vascular cognitive deterioration and stroke
    • Erkinjuntti T. Vascular cognitive deterioration and stroke. Cerebrovasc Dis. 2007;24(suppl 1):189-194.
    • (2007) Cerebrovasc Dis , vol.24 , Issue.SUPPL. 1 , pp. 189-194
    • Erkinjuntti, T.1
  • 115
    • 0035112484 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Calcium antagonists decrease capillary wall damage in aging hypertensive rat brain
    • Farkas E, De Jong GI, Apro E, Keuker JI, Luiten PG. Calcium antagonists decrease capillary wall damage in aging hypertensive rat brain. Neurobiol Aging. 2001;22:299-309.
    • (2001) Neurobiol Aging , vol.22 , pp. 299-309
    • Farkas, E.1    De Jong, G.I.2    Apro, E.3    Keuker, J.I.4    Luiten, P.G.5
  • 118
    • 0029952967 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduction of retinal exudates in diabetic retinopathy after heparin-induced extracorporal LDL-precipitation (HELP). A case report
    • Janknecht P, Schumann M, Hansen LL. Reduction of retinal exudates in diabetic retinopathy after heparin-induced extracorporal LDL-precipitation (HELP). A case report. Eur J Ophthalmol. 1996;6: 340-342.
    • (1996) Eur J Ophthalmol , vol.6 , pp. 340-342
    • Janknecht, P.1    Schumann, M.2    Hansen, L.L.3
  • 119
    • 0242286190 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Histopathology and regression of retinal hard exudates in diabetic reti-nopathy after reduction of elevated serum lipid levels
    • Cusick M, Chew EY, Chan CC, Kruth HS, Murphy RP, Ferris FL III. Histopathology and regression of retinal hard exudates in diabetic reti-nopathy after reduction of elevated serum lipid levels. Ophthalmology. 2003;110:2126-2133.
    • (2003) Ophthalmology , vol.110 , pp. 2126-2133
    • Cusick, M.1    Chew, E.Y.2    Chan, C.C.3    Kruth, H.S.4    Murphy, R.P.5    Ferris III, F.L.6
  • 120
    • 1842608809 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lipid-lowering drug atorva-statin as an adjunct in the management of diabetic macular edema
    • Gupta A, Gupta V, Thapar S, Bhansali A. Lipid-lowering drug atorva-statin as an adjunct in the management of diabetic macular edema. Am J Ophthalmol. 2004;137:675-682.
    • (2004) Am J Ophthalmol , vol.137 , pp. 675-682
    • Gupta, A.1    Gupta, V.2    Thapar, S.3    Bhansali, A.4
  • 121
    • 33748032083 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disappearance of diabetic macular hard exudates after hemo-dialysis introduction
    • Matsuo T. Disappearance of diabetic macular hard exudates after hemo-dialysis introduction. Acta Medica Okayama. 2006;60:201-205.
    • (2006) Acta Medica Okayama , vol.60 , pp. 201-205
    • Matsuo, T.1
  • 122
    • 0036447731 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endothelial cell activation is associated with cerebral white matter lesions in patients with cerebrovascular disease
    • de Leeuw FE, de Kleine M, Frijns CJ, Fijnheer R, van Gijn J, Kappelle LJ. Endothelial cell activation is associated with cerebral white matter lesions in patients with cerebrovascular disease. Ann NY Acad Sci. 2002;977:306-314.
    • (2002) Ann NY Acad Sci , vol.977 , pp. 306-314
    • de Leeuw, F.E.1    de Kleine, M.2    Frijns, C.J.3    Fijnheer, R.4    van Gijn, J.5    Kappelle, L.J.6
  • 126
    • 48749127259 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Joint effects of polymorphisms in the HTRA1, LOC387715/ARMS2, and CFH genes on AMD in a Caucasian population
    • Francis PJ, Zhang H, Dewan A, Hoh J, Klein ML. Joint effects of polymorphisms in the HTRA1, LOC387715/ARMS2, and CFH genes on AMD in a Caucasian population. Mol Vis. 2008;14:1395-1400.
    • (2008) Mol Vis , vol.14 , pp. 1395-1400
    • Francis, P.J.1    Zhang, H.2    Dewan, A.3    Hoh, J.4    Klein, M.L.5
  • 128
    • 0037133549 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Boutitie F, Gueyffier F, Pocock S, Fagard R, Boissel JP; INDANA Project Steering Committee. INdividual Data ANalysis of Antihyper-tensive intervention. J-shaped relationship between blood pressure and mortality in hypertensive patients: new insights from a meta-analysis of individual-patient data [summary for patients in Ann Intern Med. 2002; 136:I49]. Ann Intern Med. 2002;136:438-448.
    • Boutitie F, Gueyffier F, Pocock S, Fagard R, Boissel JP; INDANA Project Steering Committee. INdividual Data ANalysis of Antihyper-tensive intervention. J-shaped relationship between blood pressure and mortality in hypertensive patients: new insights from a meta-analysis of individual-patient data [summary for patients in Ann Intern Med. 2002; 136:I49]. Ann Intern Med. 2002;136:438-448.
  • 129
    • 0029617996 scopus 로고
    • The association between midlife blood pressure levels and late-life cognitive function. The Honolulu-Asia Aging Study
    • Launer LJ, Masaki K, Petrovitch H, Foley D, Havlik RJ. The association between midlife blood pressure levels and late-life cognitive function. The Honolulu-Asia Aging Study. JAMA. 1995;274:1846-1851.
    • (1995) JAMA , vol.274 , pp. 1846-1851
    • Launer, L.J.1    Masaki, K.2    Petrovitch, H.3    Foley, D.4    Havlik, R.J.5
  • 130
    • 0037824108 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lowering blood pressure to prevent myo-cardial infarction and stroke: A new preventive strategy
    • Law M, Wald N, Morris J. Lowering blood pressure to prevent myo-cardial infarction and stroke: a new preventive strategy. Health Technol Assess. 2003;7:1-94.
    • (2003) Health Technol Assess , vol.7 , pp. 1-94
    • Law, M.1    Wald, N.2    Morris, J.3
  • 131
    • 24944486283 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PROGRESS MRI Substudy Investigators. Effects of blood pressure lowering on cerebral white matter hyperintensities in patients with stroke: The PROGRESS (Perindopril Protection Against Recurrent Stroke Study) Magnetic Resonance Imaging Substudy
    • Dufouil C, Chalmers J, Coskun O, Besancon V, Bousser MG, Guillon P, MacMahon S, Mazoyer B, Neal B, Woodward M, Tzourio-Mazoyer N, Tzourio C; PROGRESS MRI Substudy Investigators. Effects of blood pressure lowering on cerebral white matter hyperintensities in patients with stroke: the PROGRESS (Perindopril Protection Against Recurrent Stroke Study) Magnetic Resonance Imaging Substudy. Circulation. 2005;112:1644-1650.
    • (2005) Circulation , vol.112 , pp. 1644-1650
    • Dufouil, C.1    Chalmers, J.2    Coskun, O.3    Besancon, V.4    Bousser, M.G.5    Guillon, P.6    MacMahon, S.7    Mazoyer, B.8    Neal, B.9    Woodward, M.10    Tzourio-Mazoyer, N.11    Tzourio, C.12
  • 132
    • 16844381698 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Feinberg Lecture: Cognitive vitality and the role of stroke and cardiovascular disease risk factors
    • Gorelick PB. William M. Feinberg Lecture: cognitive vitality and the role of stroke and cardiovascular disease risk factors. Stroke. 2005;36: 875-879.
    • (2005) Stroke , vol.36 , pp. 875-879
    • Gorelick, P.B.1    William, M.2
  • 134
    • 0038338684 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The population approach to stroke prevention: A Canadian perspective
    • Young TK, Hachinski V. The population approach to stroke prevention: a Canadian perspective. Clin Invest Med. 2003;26:78-86.
    • (2003) Clin Invest Med , vol.26 , pp. 78-86
    • Young, T.K.1    Hachinski, V.2
  • 135
    • 14844333124 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recent hypertension trials: Implications and controversies
    • Williams B. Recent hypertension trials: implications and controversies. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2005;45:813-827.
    • (2005) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.45 , pp. 813-827
    • Williams, B.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.