메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 19, Issue 2, 2009, Pages 80-90

Nonimmediate allergic reactions induced by drugs: Pathogenesis and diagnostic tests

Author keywords

Allergy; Diagnosis; Drugs; Nonimmediate; Pathogenesis; T cells

Indexed keywords

ALLOPURINOL; AMINOPENICILLIN; AMOXICILLIN; ANTICONVULSIVE AGENT; BETA LACTAM ANTIBIOTIC; CARBAMAZEPINE; CARDIOVASCULAR AGENT; CEPHALOSPORIN DERIVATIVE; CHLORMEZANONE; CORTICOSTEROID DERIVATIVE; COTRIMOXAZOLE; DIPYRONE; GAMMA INTERFERON; GRANZYME B; HLA DR ANTIGEN; INTERLEUKIN 2; INTERLEUKIN 2 RECEPTOR ALPHA; IODINATED CONTRAST MEDIUM; NONSTEROID ANTIINFLAMMATORY AGENT; OXICAM DERIVATIVE; PERFORIN; PHENOBARBITAL; PHENYTOIN; QUINOLINE DERIVED ANTIINFECTIVE AGENT; QUINOLONE; TETRACYCLINE; TETRAZEPAM; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR T BET; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA; UNINDEXED DRUG;

EID: 65249130611     PISSN: 10189068     EISSN: 16980808     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (95)

References (81)
  • 1
    • 0003607434 scopus 로고
    • International drug monitoring: The role of national centres
    • WHO
    • WHO. International drug monitoring: the role of national centres. Tech Rep Ser WHO, no 498. 1972.
    • (1972) Tech Rep Ser WHO , vol.498
  • 2
    • 0001774061 scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of adverse drug reactions
    • Davies D, ed, New York: Oxford University Press
    • Rawlins M, ThompsonW. Mechanisms of adverse drug reactions. In: Davies D, ed. Textbook of adverse drug reactions. New York: Oxford University Press, 1991;18-45.
    • (1991) Textbook of adverse drug reactions , pp. 18-45
    • Rawlins, M.1    ThompsonW2
  • 4
    • 0001082980 scopus 로고
    • Classification of allergic reactions responsible for clinical hypersensitivity and disease
    • Gell RR, ed, Oxford: Oxford University Press
    • Coombs PR, Gell PG. Classification of allergic reactions responsible for clinical hypersensitivity and disease. In: Gell RR, ed. Clinical aspects of immunology. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1968;575-96.
    • (1968) Clinical aspects of immunology , pp. 575-596
    • Coombs, P.R.1    Gell, P.G.2
  • 5
    • 0142087834 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Delayed drug hypersensitivity reactions
    • Pichler WJ. Delayed drug hypersensitivity reactions. Ann Intern Med 2003;39:683-93.
    • (2003) Ann Intern Med , vol.39 , pp. 683-693
    • Pichler, W.J.1
  • 6
    • 0014020732 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Levine BB. Immunologic mechanisms of penicillin allergy: a haptenic model system for the study of allergic diseases of man. N Engl J Med 1966;275:1 1 1 5-25.
    • Levine BB. Immunologic mechanisms of penicillin allergy: a haptenic model system for the study of allergic diseases of man. N Engl J Med 1966;275:1 1 1 5-25.
  • 8
    • 17644375873 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical heterogeneity of drug hypersensitivity
    • Roujeau JC. Clinical heterogeneity of drug hypersensitivity. Toxicology 2005;209:123-9.
    • (2005) Toxicology , vol.209 , pp. 123-129
    • Roujeau, J.C.1
  • 9
    • 0034758580 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Occupational allergic contact dermatitis from drug healthy healthcare workers
    • Gielen K, Goosens A. Occupational allergic contact dermatitis from drug healthy healthcare workers. Contact Dermatitis 2001;45:273-9.
    • (2001) Contact Dermatitis , vol.45 , pp. 273-279
    • Gielen, K.1    Goosens, A.2
  • 10
    • 0028117905 scopus 로고
    • Serum sickness-like reactions to cefaclor: Role of hepatic metabolism and individual susceptibility
    • Kearns GL, Wheeler JG, Childress SH, Letzig LG. Serum sickness-like reactions to cefaclor: role of hepatic metabolism and individual susceptibility. J Pediatrics 1994; 125:805-1 1.
    • (1994) J Pediatrics , vol.125 , Issue.805 -1 , pp. 1
    • Kearns, G.L.1    Wheeler, J.G.2    Childress, S.H.3    Letzig, L.G.4
  • 12
    • 0036347235 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Correlations between clinical patterns and causes of erythema multiforme majus, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, and toxic epidermal necrolysis: Results of an international prospective study
    • Auquier-Dunant A, Mockenhaupt M, Naldi L, Correia O, Schroder W, Roujeau JC. Correlations between clinical patterns and causes of erythema multiforme majus, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, and toxic epidermal necrolysis: results of an international prospective study. Arch Dermatol 2002;138:1019-24.
    • (2002) Arch Dermatol , vol.138 , pp. 1019-1024
    • Auquier-Dunant, A.1    Mockenhaupt, M.2    Naldi, L.3    Correia, O.4    Schroder, W.5    Roujeau, J.C.6
  • 13
    • 0030198337 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidemiology of erythema exsudativum multiforme majus (EEMM), Stevens- Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) in Germany (1990-1992). Structure and results of a population based registry
    • Rzany B, Mockenhaupt M, Baur S, Schröder W, Stocker U, Mueller J, Hollander N, Bruppacher R, Schópf E. Epidemiology of erythema exsudativum multiforme majus (EEMM), Stevens- Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) in Germany (1990-1992). Structure and results of a population based registry. J Clin Epidemiol 1996; 49:769-73.
    • (1996) J Clin Epidemiol , vol.49 , pp. 769-773
    • Rzany, B.1    Mockenhaupt, M.2    Baur, S.3    Schröder, W.4    Stocker, U.5    Mueller, J.6    Hollander, N.7    Bruppacher, R.8    Schópf, E.9
  • 17
    • 0028880443 scopus 로고
    • Medication use and the risk of Stevens-Johnson syndrome or toxic epidermal necrolysis
    • Roujeau J-C, Kelly JP, Naldi L, Rzany B, Stern S, Anderson T et al. Medication use and the risk of Stevens-Johnson syndrome or toxic epidermal necrolysis. N Engl J Med 1995;333:1600-7.
    • (1995) N Engl J Med , vol.333 , pp. 1600-1607
    • Roujeau, J.-C.1    Kelly, J.P.2    Naldi, L.3    Rzany, B.4    Stern, S.5    Anderson, T.6
  • 19
    • 0036715411 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immature, semimature and fully mature dendritic cells: Which signals induce tolerance or immunity?
    • Lutz MB, Schuler G. Immature, semimature and fully mature dendritic cells: which signals induce tolerance or immunity? Trends Immunol 2002; 23:445-9.
    • (2002) Trends Immunol , vol.23 , pp. 445-449
    • Lutz, M.B.1    Schuler, G.2
  • 20
    • 0030438826 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immunologic mechanisms of cutaneous drug reactions
    • Merk HF, Hertl M. Immunologic mechanisms of cutaneous drug reactions. Semin Cutan Med Surg 1996;1 5:228-35.
    • (1996) Semin Cutan Med Surg , vol.1 , Issue.5 , pp. 228-235
    • Merk, H.F.1    Hertl, M.2
  • 22
    • 0033781352 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expression of the skin-homing receptor in peripheral blood lymphocytes from subjects with nonimmediate cutaneous allergic drug reactions
    • Blanca M, Posadas S, Torres MJ, Leyva L, Mayorga C, Gonzalez L, Juarez C, Fernández J, Santamaria LF. Expression of the skin-homing receptor in peripheral blood lymphocytes from subjects with nonimmediate cutaneous allergic drug reactions. Allergy 2000;55:998-1004.
    • (2000) Allergy , vol.55 , pp. 998-1004
    • Blanca, M.1    Posadas, S.2    Torres, M.J.3    Leyva, L.4    Mayorga, C.5    Gonzalez, L.6    Juarez, C.7    Fernández, J.8    Santamaria, L.F.9
  • 30
    • 0348110315 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drug hypersensitivity reactions in skin: Understanding mechanisms and the development of diagnostic and predictive tests
    • Naisbitt DJ. Drug hypersensitivity reactions in skin: understanding mechanisms and the development of diagnostic and predictive tests. Toxicology 2004;94:179-96.
    • (2004) Toxicology , vol.94 , pp. 179-196
    • Naisbitt, D.J.1
  • 31
    • 0026500736 scopus 로고
    • Immunopathology of toxic epidermal necrolysis. Keratinocytes, HLA-DR expression, Langerhans cells, and mononuclear cells: An immunopathologic study of five cases
    • Villada G, Roujeau JC, Clérici T, Bourgault I, Revuz J. Immunopathology of toxic epidermal necrolysis. Keratinocytes, HLA-DR expression, Langerhans cells, and mononuclear cells: an immunopathologic study of five cases. Arch Dermatol 1992;128:50-3.
    • (1992) Arch Dermatol , vol.128 , pp. 50-53
    • Villada, G.1    Roujeau, J.C.2    Clérici, T.3    Bourgault, I.4    Revuz, J.5
  • 33
    • 0028222385 scopus 로고
    • Investigation of mechanisms in toxic epidermal necrolysis induced by carbamazepine
    • Friedmann PS, Strickland I, Pirmohamed M, Park BK. Investigation of mechanisms in toxic epidermal necrolysis induced by carbamazepine. Arch Dermatol. 1994;130:598-604.
    • (1994) Arch Dermatol , vol.130 , pp. 598-604
    • Friedmann, P.S.1    Strickland, I.2    Pirmohamed, M.3    Park, B.K.4
  • 39
    • 17644387197 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drug-induced exanthems
    • Yawalkar N. Drug-induced exanthems. Toxicology 2005; 209:131-4.
    • (2005) Toxicology , vol.209 , pp. 131-134
    • Yawalkar, N.1
  • 40
    • 9644274042 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toxic epidermal necrolysis treated with low-dose intravenous immunoglobulin: Immunohistochemical study of Fas and Fas-ligand expression
    • Ito K, Hara H, Okada T, Shimojima H, Suzuki H. Toxic epidermal necrolysis treated with low-dose intravenous immunoglobulin: immunohistochemical study of Fas and Fas-ligand expression. Clin. Exp. Dermatol. 2004;29:679-80.
    • (2004) Clin. Exp. Dermatol , vol.29 , pp. 679-680
    • Ito, K.1    Hara, H.2    Okada, T.3    Shimojima, H.4    Suzuki, H.5
  • 41
    • 0034123730 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A role for bioactivation and covalent binding within epidermal keratinocytes in sulfonamide-induced cutaneous drug reactions
    • Reilly TP, Lash LH, Doll MA, Hein DW, Woster PM, Svensson CK. A role for bioactivation and covalent binding within epidermal keratinocytes in sulfonamide-induced cutaneous drug reactions. J. Invest. Dermatol. 2000;114: 1164-73.
    • (2000) J. Invest. Dermatol , vol.114 , pp. 1164-1173
    • Reilly, T.P.1    Lash, L.H.2    Doll, M.A.3    Hein, D.W.4    Woster, P.M.5    Svensson, C.K.6
  • 42
    • 0032960782 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interaction of sulfonamide derivatives with the TCR of sulfamethoxazole-specific human T cell clones
    • von Greyerz S, Zanni MP, Frutig K, Schnyder B, Burkhart C, Pichler WJ. Interaction of sulfonamide derivatives with the TCR of sulfamethoxazole-specific human T cell clones. J. Immunol. 1999;162: 595-602.
    • (1999) J. Immunol , vol.162 , pp. 595-602
    • von Greyerz, S.1    Zanni, M.P.2    Frutig, K.3    Schnyder, B.4    Burkhart, C.5    Pichler, W.J.6
  • 43
    • 0028289244 scopus 로고
    • Efficient presentation of soluble antigen by cultured human dendritic cells is maintained by granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor plus interleukin 4 and downregulated by tumor necrosis factor alpha
    • Sallusto F, Lanzavecchia A. Efficient presentation of soluble antigen by cultured human dendritic cells is maintained by granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor plus interleukin 4 and downregulated by tumor necrosis factor alpha. J Exp Med 1994;179:1109-18.
    • (1994) J Exp Med , vol.179 , pp. 1109-1118
    • Sallusto, F.1    Lanzavecchia, A.2
  • 44
    • 0141998625 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immunology: Dangerous liaisons
    • Heath WR, Carbone FR. Immunology: dangerous liaisons. Nature 2003;425:460-1.
    • (2003) Nature , vol.425 , pp. 460-461
    • Heath, W.R.1    Carbone, F.R.2
  • 45
    • 0037066427 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The danger model: A renewed sense of self
    • Matzinger P. The danger model: a renewed sense of self. Science 2002;296:301-5.
    • (2002) Science , vol.296 , pp. 301-305
    • Matzinger, P.1
  • 46
    • 0032695108 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Natural adjuvants: Endogenous activators of dendritic cells
    • Gallucci S, Lolkema M, Matzinger P. Natural adjuvants: endogenous activators of dendritic cells. Nat Med 1999;5:1249-55.
    • (1999) Nat Med , vol.5 , pp. 1249-1255
    • Gallucci, S.1    Lolkema, M.2    Matzinger, P.3
  • 48
    • 0035869634 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A critical role for p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase in the maturation of human blood-derived dendritic cells induced by lipopolysaccharide, TNF-a, and contact sensitizers
    • Arrighi JF, Rebsamen M, Rousset F, Kindler V, Hauser C. A critical role for p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase in the maturation of human blood-derived dendritic cells induced by lipopolysaccharide, TNF-a, and contact sensitizers. J Immunol 2001;166:3837-45.
    • (2001) J Immunol , vol.166 , pp. 3837-3845
    • Arrighi, J.F.1    Rebsamen, M.2    Rousset, F.3    Kindler, V.4    Hauser, C.5
  • 49
    • 0027276419 scopus 로고
    • An essential role for Langerhans cell-derived IL-1 in the initiation of primary immune responses in skin
    • Enk AH, Angeloni VL, Udey MC, Katz SI. An essential role for Langerhans cell-derived IL-1 in the initiation of primary immune responses in skin. J Immunol 1993;150:3698-704.
    • (1993) J Immunol , vol.150 , pp. 3698-3704
    • Enk, A.H.1    Angeloni, V.L.2    Udey, M.C.3    Katz, S.I.4
  • 50
    • 0026570156 scopus 로고
    • Early molecular events in the induction phase of contact sensitivity
    • Enk AH, Katz SI. Early molecular events in the induction phase of contact sensitivity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1992;89:1398-402.
    • (1992) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.89 , pp. 1398-1402
    • Enk, A.H.1    Katz, S.I.2
  • 51
    • 4143060437 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nickel and DNCB induce CCR7 expression on human dendritic cells through different signalling pathways: Role of TNF-alpha and MAPK
    • Boisleve F, Kerdine-Romer S, Rougier-Larzat N, Pallardy M. Nickel and DNCB induce CCR7 expression on human dendritic cells through different signalling pathways: role of TNF-alpha and MAPK. J Invest Dermatol 2004;123:494-502.
    • (2004) J Invest Dermatol , vol.123 , pp. 494-502
    • Boisleve, F.1    Kerdine-Romer, S.2    Rougier-Larzat, N.3    Pallardy, M.4
  • 52
    • 34247552226 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sanderson JP et al. Sanderson JP, Naisbitt DJ, Farrell J, Ashby CA, Tucker MJ, Rieder MJ, Pirmohamed M, Clarke SE, Park BK. Sulfamethoxazole and its metabolite nitroso sulfamethoxazole stimulate dendritic cell costimulatory signaling. J Immunol 2007;178:5533-42.
    • Sanderson JP et al. Sanderson JP, Naisbitt DJ, Farrell J, Ashby CA, Tucker MJ, Rieder MJ, Pirmohamed M, Clarke SE, Park BK. Sulfamethoxazole and its metabolite nitroso sulfamethoxazole stimulate dendritic cell costimulatory signaling. J Immunol 2007;178:5533-42.
  • 55
    • 0041884666 scopus 로고
    • Drug metabolism and drug allergy
    • Ring J, Braun-Falco O, eds, Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag
    • Merk HF, Niederau D, Hertl M, Jugert F. Drug metabolism and drug allergy. In: New Trends in Allergy III (Ring J, Braun-Falco O, eds). Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag, 1991.
    • (1991) New Trends in Allergy III
    • Merk, H.F.1    Niederau, D.2    Hertl, M.3    Jugert, F.4
  • 56
    • 0021714195 scopus 로고
    • The combined effect of virus and drugs in drug-induced diseases
    • Levy M. The combined effect of virus and drugs in drug-induced diseases. Med Hypotheses 1984; 14: 293-6; 11.
    • (1984) Med Hypotheses , vol.14 , Issue.293-296 , pp. 11
    • Levy, M.1
  • 60
    • 35748968848 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A Complex Interaction Between Drug Allergy and Viral Infection
    • Shiohara T, Kano Y. A Complex Interaction Between Drug Allergy and Viral Infection. Clin Rev Allerg Immunol 2007;33:124-33.
    • (2007) Clin Rev Allerg Immunol , vol.33 , pp. 124-133
    • Shiohara, T.1    Kano, Y.2
  • 62
    • 0036993703 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Azithromycin-induced rash in infectious mononucleosis
    • Dakdouki GK, Obeid KH, Kanj SS. Azithromycin-induced rash in infectious mononucleosis. Scan J Infect Dis 2002;34:939-41.
    • (2002) Scan J Infect Dis , vol.34 , pp. 939-941
    • Dakdouki, G.K.1    Obeid, K.H.2    Kanj, S.S.3
  • 64
    • 0036886622 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Amoxicillin-induced exanthema in young adults with infectious mononucleosis: Demonstration of drug-specific lymphocyte reactivity
    • Renn CN, Straff W, Dorfmüller A, Al-Masaoudi T, Merk HF, Sachs B. Amoxicillin-induced exanthema in young adults with infectious mononucleosis: demonstration of drug-specific lymphocyte reactivity. Br J Dermatol 2002;147:1166-70.
    • (2002) Br J Dermatol , vol.147 , pp. 1166-1170
    • Renn, C.N.1    Straff, W.2    Dorfmüller, A.3    Al-Masaoudi, T.4    Merk, H.F.5    Sachs, B.6
  • 65
    • 33745894681 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Network of the French Pharmacovigilance Centers. Variability in the clinical pattern of cutaneous side- effects of drugs with systemic symptoms: Does a DRESS syndrome really exist?
    • Peyriére H, Dereure O, Breton H, Demoly P, Cociglio M, Blayac JP, Hillaire-Buys D, Network of the French Pharmacovigilance Centers. Variability in the clinical pattern of cutaneous side- effects of drugs with systemic symptoms: does a DRESS syndrome really exist? Br J Dermatol 2006;155:422-8.
    • (2006) Br J Dermatol , vol.155 , pp. 422-428
    • Peyriére, H.1    Dereure, O.2    Breton, H.3    Demoly, P.4    Cociglio, M.5    Blayac, J.P.6    Hillaire-Buys, D.7
  • 66
    • 34250343391 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DRESS syndrome caused by teicoplanin and vancomycin, associated with reactivation of human herpesvirus-6
    • Tamagawa-Mineoka R, Katoh N, Nara T, Nishimura Y, Yamamoto S, Kishimoto S. DRESS syndrome caused by teicoplanin and vancomycin, associated with reactivation of human herpesvirus-6. Int J Dermatol 2007;46:654-5.
    • (2007) Int J Dermatol , vol.46 , pp. 654-655
    • Tamagawa-Mineoka, R.1    Katoh, N.2    Nara, T.3    Nishimura, Y.4    Yamamoto, S.5    Kishimoto, S.6
  • 68
    • 0041633626 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carbamazepine-induced hypersensitivity syndrome associated with transient hypogammaglobulinaemia and reactivation of human herpesvirus 6 infection demonstrated by realtime quantitative polymerase chain reaction
    • Aihara Y, Ito SI, Kobayashi Y, Yamakawa Y, Aihara M, Yokota S. Carbamazepine-induced hypersensitivity syndrome associated with transient hypogammaglobulinaemia and reactivation of human herpesvirus 6 infection demonstrated by realtime quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Br J Dermatol. 2003;149:165-9.
    • (2003) Br J Dermatol , vol.149 , pp. 165-169
    • Aihara, Y.1    Ito, S.I.2    Kobayashi, Y.3    Yamakawa, Y.4    Aihara, M.5    Yokota, S.6
  • 69
    • 1442278511 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association between anticonvulsant hypersensitivity syndrome and human herpesvirus 6 reactivation and hypogammaglobulinemia
    • Kano Y, Inaoka M, Shiohara T. Association between anticonvulsant hypersensitivity syndrome and human herpesvirus 6 reactivation and hypogammaglobulinemia. Arch Dermatol. 2004;140:183-8
    • (2004) Arch Dermatol , vol.140 , pp. 183-188
    • Kano, Y.1    Inaoka, M.2    Shiohara, T.3
  • 71
    • 18944403930 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The usefulness of skin tests to prove drug hypersensitivity
    • Lammintausta K, Kortekangas-Savolainen O. The usefulness of skin tests to prove drug hypersensitivity. Br J Dermatol 2005;152:968-74.
    • (2005) Br J Dermatol , vol.152 , pp. 968-974
    • Lammintausta, K.1    Kortekangas-Savolainen, O.2
  • 75
    • 0042326178 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • European Network for Drug Allergy (ENDA); EAACI interest group on drug hypersensitivity. Drug provocation testing in the diagnosis of drug hypersensitivity reactions: General considerations
    • Aberer W, Bircher A, Romano A, Blanca M, Campi P, Fernández J, Brockow K, Pichler WJ, Demoly P; European Network for Drug Allergy (ENDA); EAACI interest group on drug hypersensitivity. Drug provocation testing in the diagnosis of drug hypersensitivity reactions: general considerations. Allergy 2003;58:854-63.
    • (2003) Allergy , vol.58 , pp. 854-863
    • Aberer, W.1    Bircher, A.2    Romano, A.3    Blanca, M.4    Campi, P.5    Fernández, J.6    Brockow, K.7    Pichler, W.J.8    Demoly, P.9
  • 76
    • 0028948830 scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of adverse cutaneous reactions to aminopenicillins with emphasis on those manifested by maculopapular rashes
    • Romano A, Di Fonso M, Papa G, Pietrantonio F, Federico F, Fabrizi G, Venuti A. Evaluation of adverse cutaneous reactions to aminopenicillins with emphasis on those manifested by maculopapular rashes. Allergy 1995;50:113-8.
    • (1995) Allergy , vol.50 , pp. 113-118
    • Romano, A.1    Di Fonso, M.2    Papa, G.3    Pietrantonio, F.4    Federico, F.5    Fabrizi, G.6    Venuti, A.7
  • 77
    • 34447565037 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aminopenicillin-induced exanthema allows treatment with certain cephalosporins or phenoxymethyl penicillin
    • Trcka J, Seitz CS, Brócker EB, Gross GE, Trautmann A. Aminopenicillin-induced exanthema allows treatment with certain cephalosporins or phenoxymethyl penicillin. J Antimicrob Chemother 2007;60:107-11.
    • (2007) J Antimicrob Chemother , vol.60 , pp. 107-111
    • Trcka, J.1    Seitz, C.S.2    Brócker, E.B.3    Gross, G.E.4    Trautmann, A.5
  • 78
    • 0031050054 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The lymphocyte transformation test for the diagnosis of drug allergy: Sensitivity and specificity
    • Nyfeler B, Pichler WJ. The lymphocyte transformation test for the diagnosis of drug allergy: sensitivity and specificity. Clin Exp Allergy 1997;27:175-81.
    • (1997) Clin Exp Allergy , vol.27 , pp. 175-181
    • Nyfeler, B.1    Pichler, W.J.2
  • 79
    • 0034058155 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Skin and laboratory tests in amoxicillin- and penicillin-induced morbilliform skin eruption
    • Schnyder B, Pichler WJ. Skin and laboratory tests in amoxicillin- and penicillin-induced morbilliform skin eruption. Clin Exp Allergy 2000;30:590-5.
    • (2000) Clin Exp Allergy , vol.30 , pp. 590-595
    • Schnyder, B.1    Pichler, W.J.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.