No evidence for a bone phenotype in GPRC6A knockout mice under normal physiological conditions

Journal of Molecular Endocrinology

Volumn 42, Issue 3, 2009, Pages 215-223

  Wellendorp, Petrine ^a   Johansen, Lars Dan ^a   Jensen, Anders A ^a   Casanova, Emilio ^b,d   Gassmann, Martin ^b   Deprez, Pierre ^c   Clément Lacroix, Philippe ^c   Bettler, Bernhard ^b   Bräuner Osborne, Hans ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF COPENHAGEN   (Denmark)

^b UNIVERSITY OF BASEL   (Switzerland)

^c Galapagos SASU   (France)

^d MEDICAL UNIVERSITY OF VIENNA   (Austria)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

G PROTEIN COUPLED RECEPTOR; G PROTEIN COUPLED RECEPTOR FAMILY C SUBTYPE 6A; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; GPRC6A PROTEIN, MOUSE;

ANIMAL TISSUE; ARTICLE; BONE DENSITOMETRY; BONE DENSITY; BONE METABOLISM; BONE STRUCTURE; CONTROLLED STUDY; FEMALE; GENE DISRUPTION; GENE SEQUENCE; GENOTYPE; HOMEOSTASIS; HOMOLOGOUS RECOMBINATION; MALE; MORPHOMETRICS; MOUSE; NONHUMAN; PHENOTYPE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN FUNCTION; REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; SEQUENCE HOMOLOGY; ANIMAL; BONE; GENETICS; HISTOLOGY; METABOLISM; MOUSE MUTANT; MUTATION; PHYSIOLOGY; TIBIA;

ANIMALS; BONE AND BONES; FEMALE; GENOTYPE; MALE; MICE; MICE, KNOCKOUT; MUTATION; PHENOTYPE; RECEPTORS, G-PROTEIN-COUPLED; REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; TIBIA;

EID: 64549116402     PISSN: 09525041     EISSN: 14796813     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1677/JME-08-0149     Document Type: Article

References (57)

1. Bjarnadóttir TK, Fredriksson R & Schiöth HB 2005 The gene repertoire and the common evolutionary history of glutamate, pheromone (V2R), taste(1) and other related G protein-coupled receptors. Gene 362 70-84.
2. Bräuner-Osborne H, Wellendorph P & Jensen AA 2007 Structure, pharmacology and therapeutic prospects of family C G-protein coupled receptors. Current Drug Targets 8 169-184.
3. Breitwieser GE 2008 Extracellular calcium as an integrator of tissue function. International Journal of Biochemistry and Cell Biology 40 1467-1480.
4. Chang W, Tu C, Chen T-H, Komuves L, Oda Y, Pratt SA, Miller S & Shoback D 1999 Expression and signal transduction of calcium-sensing receptors in cartilage and bone. Endocrinology 140 5883-5893.
5. Chang W, Tu C, Chen T-H, Bikle D & Shoback D 2008 The extracellular calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) is a critical modulator of skeletal development. Science Signaling 1 ra1.
6. Chattopadhyay N, Yano S, Tfelt-Hansen J, Rooney P, Kanuparthi D, Bandyopadhyay S, Ren X, Terwilliger E & Brown EM 2004 Mitogenic action of calcium-sensing receptor on rat calvarial osteoblasts. Endocrinology 145 3451-3462.
7. Chattopadhyay N, Quinn SJ, Kifor O, Ye C & Brown EM 2007 The calcium-sensing receptor (CaR) is involved in strontium ranelate-induced osteoblast proliferation. Biochemical Pharmacology 74 438-447.
8. Chikatsu N, Fukumoto S, Takeuchi Y, Suzawa M, Obara T, Matsumoto T & Fujita T 2000 Cloning and characterization of two promoters for the human calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) and changes of CaSR expression in parathyroid adenomas. Journal of Biological Chemistry 275 7553-7557.
9. Christiansen B, Wellendorph P & Bräuner-Osborne H 2006a Activity of L-α-amino acids at the promiscuous goldfish odorant receptor 5.24. European Journal of Pharmacology 536 98-101.
10. Christiansen B, Wellendorph P & Bräuner-Osborne H 2006b Known regulators of nitric oxide synthase and arginase are agonists at the human G-protein-coupled receptor GPRC6A. British Journal of Pharmacology 147 855-863.
11. Christiansen B, Hansen KB, Wellendorph P & Bräuner-Osborne H 2007 Pharmacological characterization of mouse GPRC6A, an L-α-amino-acid receptor modulated by divalent cations. British Journal of Pharmacology 150 798-807.
12. Civelli O 2005 An orphan receptor adopted by a family of transmitters. Molecular Pharmacology 67 583-584.
13. Clément-Lacroix P, Sims NA, Da Ponte F, Bouali Y, Binart N, Moriggl R, Goffin V, Coschigano K, Gaillard-Kelly M, Kopchick J et al. 2000 Bone homeostasis in growth hormone receptor-null mice is restored by IGF-I but independent of Stat5. Journal of Clinical Investigation 106 1095-1103.
14. Clément-Lacroix P, Ai M, Morvan F, Roman-Roman S, Vayssiere B, Belleville C, Estrera K, Warman ML, Baron R & Rawadi G 2005 Lrp5-independent activation of Wnt signaling by lithium chloride increases bone formation and bone mass in mice. PNAS 102 17406-17411.
15. Conigrave AD & Hampson DR 2006 Broad-spectrum L-amino acid sensing by class 3 G-protein-coupled receptors. Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism 17 398-407.
16. 2+-sensing receptor. PNAS 97 4814-4819.
17. Conigrave AD, Brown EM & Rizzoli R 2008 Dietary protein and bone health: roles of amino acid-sensing receptors in the control of calcium metabolism and bone homeostasis. Annual Review of Nutrition 28 131-155.
18. 2+ as an extracellular signal in bone. Cell Calcium 35 249-255.
19. Dvorak MM, Siddiqua A, Ward DT, Carter DH, Dallas SL, Nemeth EF & Riccardi D 2004 Physiological changes in extracellular calcium concentration directly control osteoblast function in the absence of calciotropic hormones. PNAS 101 5140-5145.
20. Francesconi A & Duvoisin RM 2004 Divalent cations modulate the activity of metabotropic glutamate receptors. Journal of Neuroscience Research 75 472-479.
21. BR1 subunit. Molecular Pharmacology 57 419-426.
22. Harno E, Edwards G, Geraghty AR, Ward DT, Dodd RH, Dauban P, Faure H, Ruat M & Weston AH 2008 Evidence for the presence of GPRC6A receptors in rat mesenteric arteries. Cell Calcium 44 210-219.
23. Kapadia RD, Stroup GB, Badger AM, Koller B, Levin JM, Coatney RW, Dodds RA, Liang X, Lark MW & Gowen M 1998 Applications of micro-CT and MR microscopy to study pre-clinical models of osteoporosis and osteoarthritis. Technology and Health Care 6 361-372.
24. Kilby NJ, Snaith MR & Murray JA 1993 Site-specific recombinases: tools for genome engineering. Trends in Genetics 9 413-421.
25. Kos CH, Karaplis AC, Peng JB, Hediger MA, Goltzman D, Mohammad KS, Guise TA & Pollak MR 2003 The calcium-sensing receptor is required for normal calcium homeostasis independent of parathyroid hormone. Journal of Clinical Investigation 111 1021-1028.
26. Kuang D, Yao Y, Lam J, Tsushima RG & Hampson DR 2005 Cloning and characterization of a family C orphan G-protein coupled receptor. Journal of Neurochemistry 93 383-391.
27. Kuang D, Yao Y, Maclean D, Wang M, Hampson DR & Chang BS 2006 Ancestral reconstruction of the ligand-binding pocket of Family C G protein-coupled receptors. PNAS 103 14050-14055.
28. 2+- sensing function of the metabotropic glutamate receptors. Science 279 1722-1725.
29. Kwan KM 2002 Conditional alleles in mice: practical considerations for tissue-specific knockouts. Genesis 32 49-62.
30. Mentaverri R, Yano S, Chattopadhyay N, Petit L, Kifor O, Kamel S, Terwilliger EF, Brazier M & Brown EM 2006 The calcium sensing receptor is directly involved in both osteoclast differentiation and apoptosis. FASEB Journal 20 2562-2564.
31. Mitsuma T, Rhue N, Kayama M, Mori Y, Adachi K, Yokoi Y, Ping J, Nogimori T & Hirooka Y 1999 Distribution of calcium sensing receptor in rats: an immunohistochemical study. Endocrine Regulations 33 55-59.
32. Morvan F, Boulukos K, Clément-Lacroix P, Roman Roman S, Suc-Royer I, Vayssiere B, Ammann P, Martin P, Pinho S, Pognonec P et al. 2006 Deletion of a single allele of the Dkk1 gene leads to an increase in bone formation and bone mass. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research 21 934-945.
33. Pi M & Quarles LD 2004 A novel cation-sensing mechanism in osteoblasts is a molecular target for strontium. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research 19 862-869.
34. Pi M & Quarles LD 2005 Osteoblast calcium-sensing receptor has characteristics of ANF/7TM receptors. Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 95 1081-1092.
35. Pi M, Hinson TK & Quarles L 1999 Failure to detect the extracellular calcium-sensing receptor (CasR) in human osteoblast cell lines. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research 14 1310-1319.
36. Pi M, Faber P, Ekema G, Jackson PD, Ting A, Wang N, Fontilla-Poole M, Mays RW, Brunden KR, Harrington JJ et al. 2005 Identification of a novel extracellular cation-sensing G-protein-coupled receptor. Journal of Biological Chemistry 280 40201-40209.
37. Pin J-P, Galvez T & Prézeau L 2003 Evolution, structure, and activation mechanism of family 3/C G-protein-coupled receptors. Pharmacology and Therapeutics 98 325-354.
38. Pin J-P, Kniazeff J, Goudet C, Bessis AS, Liu J, Galvez T, Acher F, Rondard P & Prézeau L 2004 The activation mechanism of class-C G-protein coupled receptors. Biology of the Cell 96 335-342.
39. i in vivo identifies GPCR regulators of insulin secretion. Journal of Clinical Investigation 117 4034-4043.
40. 2+-sensing receptor in growth plate chondrocytes. Endocrinology 146 5294-5303.
41. Rüegsegger P, Koller B & Müller R 1996 A microtomographic system for the nondestructive evaluation of bone architecture. Calcified Tissue International 58 24-29.
42. 2+ on type 1a metabotropic glutamate receptor-mediated signalling. Neuropharmacology 37 273-276.
43. Schwenk F, Baron U & Rajewsky K 1995 A cre-transgenic mouse strain for the ubiquitous deletion of loxP-flanked gene segments including deletion in germ cells. Nucleic Acids Research 23 5080-5081.
44. 2+ binding pocket within the venus flytrap module of the human calcium-sensing receptor. Journal of Biological Chemistry 280 37917-37923.
45. Sims NA, Clément-Lacroix P, Da Ponte F, Bouali Y, Binart N, Moriggl R, Goffin V, Coschigano K, Gaillard-Kelly M, Kopchick J et al. 2000 Bone homeostasis in growth hormone receptor-null mice is restored by IGF-I but independent of Stat5. Journal of Clinical Investigation 106 1095-1103.
46. Sims NA, Sabatakos G, Chen JS, Kelz MB, Nestler EJ & Baron R 2002 Regulating ΔFosB expression in adult Tet-Off-ΔFosB transgenic mice alters bone formation and bone mass. Bone 30 32-39.
47. Sims NA, Clément-Lacroix P, Minet D, Fraslon-Vanhulle C, Gaillard-Kelly M, Resche-Rigon M & Baron R 2003 A functional androgen receptor is not sufficient to allow estradiol to protect bone after gonadectomy in estradiol receptor-deficient mice. Journal of Clinical Investigation 111 1319-1327.
48. Teitelbaum SL 2000 Bone resorption by osteoclasts. Science 289 1504-1508.
49. Tfelt-Hansen J & Brown EM 2005 The calcium-sensing receptor in normal physiology and pathophysiology: a review. Critical Reviews in Clinical Laboratory Sciences 42 35-70.
50. Tronche F, Casanova E, Turiault M, Sahly I & Kellendonk C 2002 When reverse genetics meets physiology: the use of site-specific recombinases in mice. FEBS Letters 529 116-121.
51. Tu Q, Pi M, Karsenty G, Simpson L, Liu S & Quarles LD 2003 Rescue of the skeletal phenotype in CasR-deficient mice by transfer onto the Gcm2 null background. Journal of Clinical Investigation 111 1029-1037.
52. Wellendorph P & Bräuner-Osborne H 2004 Molecular cloning, expression, and sequence analysis of GPRC6A, a novel family C G-protein coupled receptor. Gene 335 37-46.
53. Wellendorph P, Hansen KB, Balsgaard A, Greenwood JR, Egebjerg J & Bräuner-Osborne H 2005 Deorphanization of GPRC6A: a promiscuous L-α-amino acid receptor with preference for basic amino acids. Molecular Pharmacology 67 589-597.
54. Wellendorph P, Burhenne N, Christiansen B, Walter B, Schmale H & Bräuner-Osborne H 2007 The rat GPRC6A: cloning and characterization. Gene 396 257-267.
55. B receptor. Neuropharmacology 38 1647-1656.
56. Zambrowicz BP & Sands AT 2003 Knockouts model the 100 best-selling drugs - will they model the next 100? Nature Reviews. Drug Discovery 2 38-51.
57. Zhang Z, Qiu W, Quinn SJ, Conigrave AD, Brown EM & Bai M 2002 Three adjacent serines in the extracellular domains of the CaR are required for L-amino acid-mediated potentiation of receptor function. Journal of Biological Chemistry 277 33727-33735.