Practical chemical sensors from chemically derived graphene

ACS Nano

Volumn 3, Issue 2, 2009, Pages 301-306

  Fowler, Jesse D ^a   Allen, Matthew J ^b   Tung, Vincent C ^b   Yang, Yang ^b   Kaner, Richard B ^a,b   Weiller, Bruce H ^a  

^a AEROSPACE CORPORATION   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

2,4 dinitrotoluene; Ammonia; Hydrazine; Micro hot plate; Nitrogen dioxide

Indexed keywords

2,4-DINITROTOLUENE; ANALYTE; ANALYTES; CHARGE-TRANSFER MECHANISMS; ELECTRICAL CONTACTS; FABRICATION METHODS; GRAPHENE; GRAPHITE OXIDES; INTERDIGITATED ELECTRODE ARRAYS; METAL ELECTRODES; MICRO HOT PLATE; NITROGEN DIOXIDE; SENSOR RESPONSE; SENSOR SUBSTRATES; SINGLE-LAYER FILMS; TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCES; VOLTAGE CURVES;

AMMONIA; CARBON NANOTUBES; CHARGE TRANSFER; GRAPHITE; HYDRAZINE; ION EXCHANGE; NITROGEN; NITROGEN OXIDES;

CHEMICAL SENSORS;

EXPLOSIVE; GOLD; GRAPHITE; HYDRAZINE; HYDRAZINE DERIVATIVE; NITROBENZENE DERIVATIVE; NITROGEN DIOXIDE; QUATERNARY AMMONIUM DERIVATIVE;

ARTICLE; CHEMISTRY; ELECTRODE; INSTRUMENTATION; RAMAN SPECTROMETRY; SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY; TEMPERATURE;

CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL; DINITROBENZENES; ELECTRODES; EXPLOSIVE AGENTS; GOLD; GRAPHITE; HYDRAZINES; MICROSCOPY, ELECTRON, SCANNING; NITROGEN DIOXIDE; QUATERNARY AMMONIUM COMPOUNDS; SPECTRUM ANALYSIS, RAMAN; TEMPERATURE;

EID: 63449114919     PISSN: 19360851     EISSN: 1936086X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/nn800593m     Document Type: Article

References (30)

1. Geim, A. K.; Novoselov, K. S. The Rise of Graphene. Nat. Mater. 2007, 6,183-191.
2. Novoselov, K. S.; Geim, A. K.; Morozov, S. V.; Jiang, D.; Zhang, Y.; Dubonos, S. V.; Grigorieva, I. V.; Firsov, A. A. Electric Field Effect in Atomically Thin Carbon Films. Science 2004, 306, 666-669.
3. Stankovich, S.; Dikin, D. A.; Piner, R. D.; Kohlhaas, K. A.; Kleinhammes, A.; Jia, Y.; Wu, Y.; Nguyen, S. T.; Ruoff, R. S. Synthesis of Graphene-Based Nanosheets via Chemical Reduction of Exfoliated Graphite Oxide. Carbon 2007,45, 1558-1565.
4. Gómez-Navarro, C.; Weitz, R. T.; Bittner, A. M.; Scolari, M.; Mews, A.; Burghard, M.; Kern, K. Electronic Transport Properties of Individual Chemically Reduced Graphene Oxide Sheets. Nano Lett. 2007, 7, 3499-3503.
5. Gilje, S.; Han, S.; Wang, M.; Wang, K. L.; Kaner, R. B. A Chemical Route to Graphene for Device Applications. Nano Lett. 2007, 7, 3394-3398.
6. Li, D.; Muller, M. B.; Gilje, S.; Kaner, R. B.; Wallace, G. G. Processable Aqueous Dispersions of Graphene Nanosheets. Nat. Nanotechnol. 2008, 3,101 -105.
7. Tung, V. C.; Allen, M. J.; Yang, Y.; Kaner, R. B. High-Throughput Solution Processing of Large-Scale Graphene. Nat. Nanotechnol. 2009, 4, 25-29.
8. Schedin, F.; Geim, A. K.; Morozov, S. V.; Hill, E. W.; Blake, P.; Katsnelson, M. I.; Novoselov, K. S. Detection of Individual Gas Molecules Adsorbed on Graphene. Nat. Mater. 2007,6, 652-655.
9. Kong, J.; Franklin, N. R.; Zhou, C.; Chapline, M. G.; Peng, S.; Cho, K.; Dai, H. Nanotube Molecular Wires as Chemical Sensors. Science 2000, 287, 622-625.
10. 2 Molecules on Carbon Nanotubes. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2001, 79, 3863-3865.
11. Zhao, J.; Buldum, A.; Han, J.; Lu, J. P. Gas Molecule Adsorption in Carbon Nanotubes and Nanotube Bundles. Nanotechnology 2002, 13, 195-200.
12. Qi, P.; Vermesh, O.; Grecu, M.; Javey, A.; Wang, Q.; Dai, H. Toward Large Arrays of Multiplex Functionalized Carbon Nanotube Sensors for Highly Sensitive and Selective Molecular Detection. Nano Lett. 2003, 3, 347-351.
13. Novak, J. P.; Snow, E. S.; Houser, E. J.; Park, D.; Stepnowski, J. L.; McGill, R. A. Nerve Agent Detection Using Networks of Single Walled Carbon Nanotubes. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2003, 83, 4026-4028.
14. Robinson, J. T.; Perkins, F. K.; Snow, E. S.; Wei, Z.; Sheehan, P. E. Reduced Graphene Oxide Molecular Sensors. Nano Lett. 2008, 8, 3137-3140.
15. Allen, M. J.; Fowler, J. D.; Tung, V. C.; Yang, Y.; Weiller, B. H.; Kaner, R. B. Temperature Dependent Raman Spectroscopy of Chemically Derived Graphene. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2008, 93, 193119.
16. 2 Detection in Carbon Nanotube Field Effect Transistor Chemical Sensors. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2006, 88, 123112.
17. Bradley, K.; Gabriel, J.-C. P.; Star, A.; Gruner, G. Short-Channel Effects in Contact-Passivated Nanotube Chemical Sensors. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2003, 83, 3821 -3823.
18. Heinze, S.; Tersoff, J.; Martel, R.; Derycke, V.; Appenzeller, J.; Avouris, Ph. Carbon Nanotubes as Schottky Barrier Transistors. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2002, 89, 106801.
19. Collins, P. G.; Bradley, K.; Ishigami, M.; Zettl, A. Extreme Oxygen Sensitivity of Electronic Properties of Carbon Nanotubes. Science 2000, 287, 1801-1804.
20. Kauffman, D. R.; Star, A. Carbon Nanotube Gas and Vapor Sensors. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2008, 47, 6550-6570.
21. 2 Gas Sensor Fabricated onto Aluminum Electrodes by Dielectrophoresis. Sens. Actuators, B 2006, 114, 943-949.
22. Wehling, T. O.; Novoselov, K. S.; Morozov, S. V.; Vdovin, E. E.; Katsnelson, M. I.; Geim, A. K.; Lichtenstein, A. I. Molecular Doping of Graphene. Nano Lett. 2008, 8, 173-177.
23. 2, and NO on Graphene: A First-Principles Study. Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter 2008, 77, 125416-1.
24. Sylvia, J. M.; Janni, J. A.; Klein, J. D.; Spencer, K. M. Surface-Enhanced Raman Detection of 2,4-Dinitrotoluene Impurity Vapor as a Marker to Detect Landmines. Anal. Chem. 2000, 72, 5834-5840.
25. Pinnaduwage, L. A.; Thundat, T.; Hawk, J. E.; Hedden, D. L.; Britt, P. F.; Houser, E. J.; Stepnowski, S.; McGill, R. A.; Bubb, D. Detection of 2,4-Dinitrotoluene Using Microcantilever Sensors. Sens. Actuators, B 2004, 99, 223-229.
26. Pella, P. A. Generator for Producing Trace Vapor Concentrations of 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene, 2,4-Dinitrotoluene and Ethylene Glycol Dinitrate for Calibrating Explosives Detectors. Anal. Chem. 1976, 48, 1632-1637.
27. Robinson, J. A.; Snow, E. S.; Bǎdescu, Ş. C.; Reinecke, T. L.; Perkins, F. K. Role of Defects in Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Chemical Sensors. Nana Lett. 2006, 6, 1747-1751.
28. Hummers, W. S.; Offeman, R. E. Preparation of Graphitic Oxide. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1958, 80, 1339.
29. Briand, D.; Krauss, A.; van der Schoot, B.; Weimar, U.; Barsan, N.; Göpel, W.; de Rooij, N. F. Design and Fabrication of High-Temperature Micro-Hotplates for Drop-Coated Gas Sensors. Sens. Actuators, B 2000, 68, 223-233.
30. Hao, Q.; Kulikov, V.; Mirsky, V. M. Investigation of Contact and Bulk Resistance of Conducting Polymers by Simultaneous Two- and Four-Point Technique. Sens. Actuators, B 2003, 94, 352-357.