Urban middle school students' perceptions of bullying, cyberbullying, and school safety

Journal of School Violence

Volumn 8, Issue 2, 2009, Pages 159-176

  Varjas, Kris ^a   Henrich, Christopher C ^a   Meyers, Joel ^a  

^a GEORGIA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Bullying; Cyberbullying; Middle school; School safety; Students; Survey; Urban

Indexed keywords

EID: 62549121652     PISSN: 15388220     EISSN: 15388239     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/15388220802074165     Document Type: Article

References (51)

1. Anderman, E. M. and Kimweli, D. M. S. (1997) Victimization and safety in schools serving early adolescents. Journal of Early Adolescence, 17, pp. 408-438.
2. Batsche, G. M. and Knoff, H. M. (1994) Bullies and their victims: Understanding a pervasive problem in the schools. School Psychology Review, 23, pp. 165-174.
3. Beran, T. and Li, Q. (2005) Cyber-harassment: A study of a new method for an old behavior. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 32, pp. 265-277.
4. Bernstein, J. Y. and Watson, M. W. (1997) Children who are targets of bullying. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 12, pp. 483-499.
5. Berthold, K. A. and Hoover, J. H. (2000) Correlates of bullying and victimization among intermediate students in the Midwestern USA. School Psychology International, 21, pp. 65-78.
6. Bjorkqvist, K. L., Lagerspetz, K. M. J. and Kaukianinen, A. (1992) Do girls manipulate and boys fight? Developmental trends in regard to direct and indirect aggression. Aggressive Behaviour, 18, pp. 117-127.
7. Bosworth, K., Espelage, D. L. and Simon, T. R. (1999) Factors associated with bullying behavior in middle school students. Journal of Early Adolescence, 19, pp. 341-162.
8. Brown, S. L., Birch, D. A. and Kancherla, V. (2005) Bullying perspectives: Experiences, attitudes, and recommendations of 9- to 13-year-olds attending health education centers in the United States. Journal of School Health, 75, pp. 384-392.
9. Card, N. A., Isaacs, J. and Hodges, E. V. E. (2007) Correlates of school victimization: Implications for prevention and intervention. Bullying, victimization, and peer harassment: A handbook of prevention and intervention, pp. 339-368. The Haworth Press, New York
10. Cole, J. C. M., Cornell, D. G. and Sheras, P. (2006) Identification of school bullies by survey methods. Professional School Counseling, 9, pp. 305-313.
11. Cornell, D. G., Sheras, P. L. and Cole, J. C. M. (2006) Assessment of Bullying. Handbook of school violence and school safety: From research to practice, pp. 191-209. Erlbaum, Mahwah, NJ
12. Demaray, M. K. and Malecki, C. K. (2003) Perceptions of the frequency and importance of social support by students classified as victims, bullies, and bully/victims in an urban middle school. School Psychology Review, 32, pp. 471-489.
13. DeVoe, J. F., Peter, K., Noonan, M., Snyder, T. D. and Baum, K. (2005) Indicators of School Crime and Safety: 2005 (NCES 2006-001/NCJ 210697). U.S. Departments of Education and Justice, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC
14. Espelage, D. L., Bosworth, K. and Simon, T. R. (2000) Examining the social context of bullying behavior in early adolescence. Journal of Counseling & Development, 78, pp. 326-333.
15. Glew, G., Rivara, F. and Feudtner, C. (2000) Bullying: Children hurting children. Pediatrics in Review, 21, pp. 183-189.
16. Harris, S. and Petrie, G. (2002) A study of bullying in middle school. National Association of Secondary School Principals Bulletin, 86, pp. 42-53.
17. Hazler, R. J., Hoover, J. H. and Oliver, R. (1992) What kids say about bullying. The Executive Educator, 14, pp. 20-22.
18. Hoover, J. H., Oliver, R. and Hazler, R. J. (1992) Bullying: Perceptions of adolescent victims in the Midwestern U.S.A. School Psychology International, 13, pp. 5-16.
19. Hunt, M. H. (2003) Student Survey of Bullying Behavior - Revised (SSBB-R), Georgia State University, Center for Research on School Safety, School Climate and Classroom Management, Atlanta, GA
20. Hunt, M. H., Meyers, J., Jarrett, O. and Neel, J. (2005) Student Survey of Bullying Behavior: Preliminary development and results from six elementary schools, Research Report No. 1. Georgia State University, Center for Research on School Safety, School Climate and Classroom Management, Atlanta, GA
21. Li, Q. (2005) New bottle but old wine: A research of cyberbullying in schools. Computers in Human Behavior, 23, pp. 1777-1791.
22. Ma, X. (2002) Bullying in middle school: Individual and school characteristics of victims and offenders. School Effectiveness and School Improvement, 13, pp. 63-89.
23. McConville, D. W. and Cornell, D. G. (2003) Aggressive attitudes predict aggressive behavior in middle school students. Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders, 11, pp. 179-187.
24. Muthen, L. K. and Muthen, B. O. (2006) Mplus user's guide. Muthen & Muthen, Los Angeles
25. Mynard, H. and Joseph, S. (2000) Development of the multidimensional peer-victimization scale. Aggressive Behavior, 26, pp. 169-178.
26. Nansel, T. R., Overpeck, M., Pilla, R. S., Ruan, W. J., Simons-Morton, B. and Scheidt, P. (2001) Bullying behaviors among U.S. youth: Prevalence and association with psychosocial adjustment. Journal of the American Medical Association, 285, pp. 2094-2100.
27. Nastasi, B. K., Moore, R. B. and Varjas, K. M. (2004) School-based mental health services: Creating comprehensive and culturally specific programs, American Psychological Association, Washington, DC
28. Olweus, D. (1991) Bully/victim problems among schoolchildren: Basic facts and effects of a school-based intervention program. The development and treatment of childhood Aggression, pp. 411-447. Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ
29. Olweus, D. (1993) Bullying at school: What we know and what we can do, Blackwell, Oxford, UK
30. Olweus, D. (1999) Norway. The nature of school bullying: A cross-national perspective, pp. 7-27. Routledge, New York
31. Parault, S. J., Davis, H. A. and Pellegrini, A. D. (2007) The social contexts of bullying and victimization. Journal of Early Adolescence, 27, pp. 145-174.
32. Patchin, J. W. and Hinduja, S. (2006) Bullies move beyond the schoolyard: A preliminary look at cyberbullying. Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice, 4, pp. 148-169.
33. Pellegrini, A. D. (2002) Bullying, victimization, and sexual harassment during the transition to middle school. Educational Psychologist, 37, pp. 151-163.
34. Pellegrini, A. D. and Bartini, M. (2000) A longitudinal study of bullying, victimization, and peer affiliation during the transition from primary to middle school. American Educational Research Journal, 37, pp. 699-725.
35. Raskauskas, J. and Stoltz, A. D. (2007) Involvement in traditional and electronic bullying among adolescents. Developmental Psychology, 43, pp. 564-575.
36. Rigby, K. and Bagshaw, D. (2003) Prospects of adolescent students collaborating with teachers in addressing issues of bullying and conflict in schools. Educational Psychology, 23, pp. 535-546.
37. Safer, D. J. (1986) The stress of secondary school for vulnerable students. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 15, pp. 99-109.
38. Seals, D. and Young, J. (2003) Bullying and victimization: Prevalence and relationship to gender, grade level, ethnicity, self-esteem, and depression. Adolescence, 38, pp. 736-747.
39. Slee, P. T. and Rigby, K. (1993) Australian school children's self appraisal of interpersonal relations: The bullying experience. Child Psychiatry and Human Development, 23, pp. 273-282.
40. Smith, P. K., Madsen, K. C. and Moody, J. C. (1999) What causes the age decline in reports of being bullied at school? Toward a developmental analysis of risk of being bullied. Educational Research, 41, pp. 267-285.
41. Solberg, M. E. and Olweus, D. (2003) Prevalence estimation of school bullying with the Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire. Aggressive Behavior, 29, pp. 239-268.
42. Sullivan, K. (2000) The anti-bullying book, University Press, Oxford, UK
43. Sveinsson, A. V. and Morris, R. J. (2007) Conceptual and methodological issues in assessment and intervention with school bullies. Bullying, victimization, and peer harassment: A handbook of prevention and intervention, pp. 9-28. The Haworth Press, New York, NY
44. Swearer, S. M. and Espelage, D. L. (2004) Introduction: A social-ecological framework of bullying among youth. Bullying in American schools: A social-ecological perspective on prevention and intervention, pp. 15-35. Erlbaum, Mahwah, NJ
45. Swearer, S. M., Peugh, J., Espelage, D. L., Siebecker, A. B. and Kingsbury, W. L. (2006) A sociological model for bullying prevention and intervention in early adolescence: An exploratory examination. Handbook of school violence and school safety: From research to practice, pp. 257-274. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publisher, Mahwah, NJ
46. Swearer, S., Song, S., Cary, P., Eagle, J. and Mickelson, W. (2001) Psychosocial correlates in bullying and victimization: The relationship between depression, anxiety, and bully/victim status. Journal of Emotional Abuse, 2:23, pp. 95-121.
47. Unnever, J. D. and Cornell, D. G. (2003) The culture of bullying in middle school. Journal of School Violence, 2, pp. 5-27.
48. Unnever, J. D. and Cornell, D. G. (2004) Middle school victims of bullying: Who reports being bullied?. Aggressive Behavior, 30, pp. 373-388.
49. Varjas, K., Meyers, J., Henrich, C. C., Graybill, E. C., Dew, B. J., Marshall, M. L., Williamson, Z., Skoczylas, R. B. and Avant, M. (2006) Using a participatory culture-specific intervention model to develop a peer victimization intervention. Journal of Applied School Psychology, 22:2, pp. 35-58.
50. Varjas, K., Meyers, J. and Hunt, M. H. (2006) Student Survey of Bullying Behavior-Revised 2 (SSBB-R2), Georgia State University, Center for Research on School Safety, School Climate and Classroom Management, Atlanta, GA
51. Zins, J. E., Elias, M. J. and Maher, C. A. (2007) Prevention and intervention in peer harassment, victimization, and bullying: Theory, research, and practice. Bullying, victimization, and peer harassment: A handbook of prevention and intervention, pp. 3-8. The Haworth Press, New York