메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 8, Issue 2, 2008, Pages 171-210

Managers' perceptions of women and men leaders: A cross cultural comparison

Author keywords

Cross cultural comparisons; Gender stereotypes; Women in management

Indexed keywords


EID: 61049439988     PISSN: 14705958     EISSN: 17412838     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/1470595808091789     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (20)

References (67)
  • 1
    • 3042855832 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reconsidering the Impact of Gender Stereotypes on the Advancement of Women in Organizations
    • Agars, M.D. (2004) 'Reconsidering the Impact of Gender Stereotypes on the Advancement of Women in Organizations', Psychology of Women Quarterly 28(2): 103-11
    • (2004) Psychology of Women Quarterly , vol.28 , Issue.2 , pp. 103-111
    • Agars, M.D.1
  • 2
    • 32044435880 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Psychological Essentialism and Stereotype Endorsement
    • Bastian, B. and Haslam, N. (2006) 'Psychological Essentialism and Stereotype Endorsement', Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 42(3): 228-35
    • (2006) Journal of Experimental Social Psychology , vol.42 , Issue.3 , pp. 228-235
    • Bastian, B.1    Haslam, N.2
  • 3
    • 61049232775 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Discrimination through the Economist's Eye
    • F.J. Crosby, M.S. Stockdale and S.A. Ropp eds, Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing
    • Bergmann, B.R. (2007) 'Discrimination through the Economist's Eye', in F.J. Crosby, M.S. Stockdale and S.A. Ropp (eds) Sex Discrimination in the Workplace, pp. 213-234. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing
    • (2007) Sex Discrimination in the Workplace , pp. 213-234
    • Bergmann, B.R.1
  • 4
    • 0031092920 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gender- and Race-based Standards of Competence: Lower Minimum Standards but Higher Ability Standards for Devalued Groups
    • Biernat, M. and Kobrynowicz, D. (1997) 'Gender- and Race-based Standards of Competence: Lower Minimum Standards but Higher Ability Standards for Devalued Groups', Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 72(3): 544-57
    • (1997) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.72 , Issue.3 , pp. 544-557
    • Biernat, M.1    Kobrynowicz, D.2
  • 5
    • 0035209440 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gender Stereotypes and the Evaluation of Men and Women in Military Training
    • Boldry, J., Wood, W. and Kashy, D.A. (2001) 'Gender Stereotypes and the Evaluation of Men and Women in Military Training', Journal of Social Issues 57(4): 689-705
    • (2001) Journal of Social Issues , vol.57 , Issue.4 , pp. 689-705
    • Boldry, J.1    Wood, W.2    Kashy, D.A.3
  • 8
    • 79954353936 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Catalyst and the Conference Board
    • Catalyst and the Conference Board (2002) Women in Leadership: A European Business Imperative, available at: http://www.catalyst.org/files/full/ Women%20in%20Leaderehip%20- %20A%20European%20Business%20Imprea tive.pdf
    • (2002) Women in Leadership: A European Business Imperative
  • 12
    • 85047682946 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gender Differences in Personality Traits across Cultures: Robust and Surprising Findings
    • Costa, P.T. Jr, Terracciano, A. and McCrae, R.R. (2001) 'Gender Differences in Personality Traits across Cultures: Robust and Surprising Findings', Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 81(2): 322-31
    • (2001) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.81 , Issue.2 , pp. 322-331
    • Costa Jr, P.T.1    Terracciano, A.2    McCrae, R.R.3
  • 13
    • 0001482549 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sex Discrimination in Simulated Employment Contexts: A Meta-analytic Investigation
    • Davison, H.K. and Burke, M.J. (2000) 'Sex Discrimination in Simulated Employment Contexts: A Meta-analytic Investigation', Journal of Vocational Behavior 56(2): 225-48
    • (2000) Journal of Vocational Behavior , vol.56 , Issue.2 , pp. 225-248
    • Davison, H.K.1    Burke, M.J.2
  • 15
    • 33750908246 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Men, Women, and Managers: Are Stereotypes Finally Changing?
    • Duehr, E.E. and Bono J.E. (2006) 'Men, Women, and Managers: Are Stereotypes Finally Changing?', Personnel Psychology 59(1): 815-46
    • (2006) Personnel Psychology , vol.59 , Issue.1 , pp. 815-846
    • Duehr, E.E.1    Bono, J.E.2
  • 16
    • 0141642127 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Traneformational, Transactional, and Laissez-faire Leadership Styles: A Meta-analysis Comparing Women and Men
    • Eagly, A.H. Johannessen-Schmidt, M.C. and van Engen, M. (2003) 'Traneformational, Transactional, and Laissez-faire Leadership Styles: A Meta-analysis Comparing Women and Men', Psychological Bulletin 95(4): 569-91
    • (2003) Psychological Bulletin , vol.95 , Issue.4 , pp. 569-591
    • Eagly, A.H.1    Johannessen-Schmidt, M.C.2    Van Engen, M.3
  • 17
    • 85047674303 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role Congruity Theory of Prejudice toward Female Leaders
    • Eagly, A.H. and Karau, S.J. (2002) 'Role Congruity Theory of Prejudice toward Female Leaders', Psychological Review 109(3): 573-98
    • (2002) Psychological Review , vol.109 , Issue.3 , pp. 573-598
    • Eagly, A.H.1    Karau, S.J.2
  • 18
    • 0006925009 scopus 로고
    • Gender and the Evaluation of Leaders: A Meta-analysis
    • Eagly, A.H., Makhijani, M.C. and Klonsky, B.G. (1992) 'Gender and the Evaluation of Leaders: A Meta-analysis', Psychological Bulletin 111(1): 3-22
    • (1992) Psychological Bulletin , vol.111 , Issue.1 , pp. 3-22
    • Eagly, A.H.1    Makhijani, M.C.2    Klonsky, B.G.3
  • 19
    • 0000852825 scopus 로고
    • Gender Stereotypes Stem from the Distribution of Women and Men into Social Roles
    • Eagly, A.H. and Steffen, V.J. (1984) 'Gender Stereotypes Stem from the Distribution of Women and Men into Social Roles', Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 46(4): 735-54
    • (1984) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.46 , Issue.4 , pp. 735-754
    • Eagly, A.H.1    Steffen, V.J.2
  • 20
    • 15544365440 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cross-cultural Differences in Gender Egalitarianism
    • R.J. House, P.J. Hanges, M. Javidan, P.W. Dorfman and V. Gupta eds, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage
    • Emrich, C.G., Denmark, F.L. and Den Hartog, D.N. (2004) 'Cross-cultural Differences in Gender Egalitarianism', in R.J. House, P.J. Hanges, M. Javidan, P.W. Dorfman and V. Gupta (eds.) Culture, Leadership, and Organizations: The GLOBE Study of 62 Societies, pp. 323-94. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage
    • (2004) Culture, Leadership, and Organizations: The GLOBE Study of 62 Societies , pp. 323-394
    • Emrich, C.G.1    Denmark, F.L.2    Den Hartog, D.N.3
  • 21
    • 79954298324 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • European Commission, Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities
    • European Commission (2006a) Report on Equality: Women and Men, 2006. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities
    • (2006) Report on Equality: Women and Men, 2006
  • 24
    • 0011044366 scopus 로고
    • An Investigation of Gender Differences in Leadership across Four Countries
    • Gibson, C. (1995) 'An Investigation of Gender Differences in Leadership across Four Countries', Journal of International Business Studies 26(2): 255-79
    • (1995) Journal of International Business Studies , vol.26 , Issue.2 , pp. 255-279
    • Gibson, C.1
  • 25
    • 84962947978 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An Ambivalent Alliance: Hostile and Benevolent Sexism as Complementary Justifications for Gender Inequality
    • Click, P. and Fiske, S.T. (2001) 'An Ambivalent Alliance: Hostile and Benevolent Sexism as Complementary Justifications for Gender Inequality', American Psychologist 56(2): 109-18
    • (2001) American Psychologist , vol.56 , Issue.2 , pp. 109-118
    • Click, P.1    Fiske, S.T.2
  • 26
    • 0029202423 scopus 로고
    • Implicit Social Cognition: Attitudes, Self-esteem, and Stereotypes
    • Greenwald, A.G. and Banaji, M.R. (1995) 'Implicit Social Cognition: Attitudes, Self-esteem, and Stereotypes', Psychological Review 102(1): 4-27
    • (1995) Psychological Review , vol.102 , Issue.1 , pp. 4-27
    • Greenwald, A.G.1    Banaji, M.R.2
  • 28
    • 30444431532 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regional and Climate Clustering of Societal Cultures
    • R.J. House, P.J. Hanges, M. Javidan, P.W. Dorfman, and V. Gupta eds, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage
    • Gupta, V. and Hanges, P.J. (2004) 'Regional and Climate Clustering of Societal Cultures, in R.J. House, P.J. Hanges, M. Javidan, P.W. Dorfman, and V. Gupta (eds.) Culture, Leadership, and Organizations: The GLOBE Study of 62 Societies, pp. 178-215. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage
    • (2004) Culture, Leadership, and Organizations: The GLOBE Study of 62 Societies , pp. 178-215
    • Gupta, V.1    Hanges, P.J.2
  • 29
    • 0035212692 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Description and Prescription: How Gender Stereotypes Prevent Women's Ascent up the Organizational Ladder'
    • Heilman, M.E. (2001) 'Description and Prescription: How Gender Stereotypes Prevent Women's Ascent up the Organizational Ladder', Journal of Social Issues 57(4): 657-74
    • (2001) Journal of Social Issues , vol.57 , Issue.4 , pp. 657-674
    • Heilman, M.E.1
  • 30
    • 2942689661 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Penalties for Success: Reactions to Women who Succeed at Male Gender-typed Tasks
    • Heilman, M.E., Wallen, A.S., Fuchs, D. and Tamkins, M.M. (2004) 'Penalties for Success: Reactions to Women who Succeed at Male Gender-typed Tasks', Journal of Applied Psychology 89(3): 416-27
    • (2004) Journal of Applied Psychology , vol.89 , Issue.3 , pp. 416-427
    • Heilman, M.E.1    Wallen, A.S.2    Fuchs, D.3    Tamkins, M.M.4
  • 37
    • 43549106524 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • International Labor Organization , Geneva: International Labor Office
    • International Labor Organization (2007) Global Employment Trends for Women, Brief, March 2007. Geneva: International Labor Office
    • (2007) Global Employment Trends for Women, Brief, March 2007
  • 38
    • 4043130757 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A Decade of System-justification Theory: Accumulated Evidence of Conscious and Unconscious Bolstering of the Status Quo
    • Jost, J.T., Banaji, M.R. and Nosek, B.A. (2004) 'A Decade of System-justification Theory: Accumulated Evidence of Conscious and Unconscious Bolstering of the Status Quo', Political Psychology 25(6): 881-919
    • (2004) Political Psychology , vol.25 , Issue.6 , pp. 881-919
    • Jost, J.T.1    Banaji, M.R.2    Nosek, B.A.3
  • 39
    • 27544481081 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antecedents and Consequences of System-justifying Ideologies
    • Jost, J.T. and Hunyady, O. (2005) 'Antecedents and Consequences of System-justifying Ideologies', Current Directions in Psychological Science 14(5): 260-5
    • (2005) Current Directions in Psychological Science , vol.14 , Issue.5 , pp. 260-265
    • Jost, J.T.1    Hunyady, O.2
  • 40
    • 27544494165 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • System-justifying Functions of Complementary Regional and Ethnic Stereotypes: Cross-national Evidence
    • Jost, J.T., Kivetz, Y., Rubini, M., Guermandi, G. and Mosso, C.M. (2005) 'System-justifying Functions of Complementary Regional and Ethnic Stereotypes: Cross-national Evidence', Social Justice Research 18(3): 305-33
    • (2005) Social Justice Research , vol.18 , Issue.3 , pp. 305-333
    • Jost, J.T.1    Kivetz, Y.2    Rubini, M.3    Guermandi, G.4    Mosso, C.M.5
  • 42
    • 0141754082 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • When Do Stereotypes Come to Mind and When Do They Color Judgment? A Goal-based Theoretical Framework for Stereotype Activation and Application
    • Kunda, Z. and Spencer, S.J. (2003) 'When Do Stereotypes Come to Mind and When Do They Color Judgment? A Goal-based Theoretical Framework for Stereotype Activation and Application', Psychological Bulletin 129(4): 522-44
    • (2003) Psychological Bulletin , vol.129 , Issue.4 , pp. 522-544
    • Kunda, Z.1    Spencer, S.J.2
  • 43
    • 0035542062 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A Diagnostic-ratio Approach to Measuring Beliefs about the Leadership Abilities of Male and Female Managers
    • Martell, R.F. and DeSmet, A.L. (2001) 'A Diagnostic-ratio Approach to Measuring Beliefs about the Leadership Abilities of Male and Female Managers', Journal of Applied Psychology 86(6): 1223-31
    • (2001) Journal of Applied Psychology , vol.86 , Issue.6 , pp. 1223-1231
    • Martell, R.F.1    Desmet, A.L.2
  • 45
    • 0031401577 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Occupational Segregation by Sex in Nordic Countries: An Empirical Investigation
    • Melkas, H. and Anker, R. (1997) 'Occupational Segregation by Sex in Nordic Countries: An Empirical Investigation', International Labour Review 136(3): 341-63
    • (1997) International Labour Review , vol.136 , Issue.3 , pp. 341-363
    • Melkas, H.1    Anker, R.2
  • 47
    • 28444447448 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How Dissociated Are Implicit and Explicit Racial Attitudes? A Bogus Pipeline Approach
    • Nier J.A. (2005) 'How Dissociated Are Implicit and Explicit Racial Attitudes? A Bogus Pipeline Approach', Group Processes and Intergroup Relations 8(1): 39-52
    • (2005) Group Processes and Intergroup Relations , vol.8 , Issue.1 , pp. 39-52
    • Nier, J.A.1
  • 50
    • 0000241054 scopus 로고
    • Clustering Countries on Attitudinal Dimensions: A Review and Synthesis
    • Ronen, S. and Shenkar, O. (1985) 'Clustering Countries on Attitudinal Dimensions: A Review and Synthesis', The Academy of Management Review 10(3): 435-54
    • (1985) The Academy of Management Review , vol.10 , Issue.3 , pp. 435-454
    • Ronen, S.1    Shenkar, O.2
  • 51
    • 10844240761 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social Identity, System Justification, and Social Dominance: Commentary on Reicher Jost et al., and Sidanius et al.
    • Rubin, M. and Hewstone, M. (2004) 'Social Identity, System Justification, and Social Dominance: Commentary on Reicher Jost et al., and Sidanius et al.', Political Psychology 25(6): 823-44
    • (2004) Political Psychology , vol.25 , Issue.6 , pp. 823-844
    • Rubin, M.1    Hewstone, M.2
  • 52
    • 0035209995 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A Global Look at Psychological Barriers to Women's Progress in Management'
    • Schein, V.E. (2001) 'A Global Look at Psychological Barriers to Women's Progress in Management', Journal of Social Issues 57(4): 675-88
    • (2001) Journal of Social Issues , vol.57 , Issue.4 , pp. 675-688
    • Schein, V.E.1
  • 55
    • 30544435422 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sex Differences in Value Priorities: Cross-cultural Multi-method Studies
    • Schwartz, S.H. and Rubel, T. (2005) 'Sex Differences in Value Priorities: Cross-cultural Multi-method Studies', Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 89(6): 1010-28
    • (2005) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.89 , Issue.6 , pp. 1010-1028
    • Schwartz, S.H.1    Rubel, T.2
  • 56
    • 0141687048 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A Closer Look Beneath the Surface: Various Facets of the Think-Manager-Think-Male Stereotype
    • Sczesny, S. (2003) 'A Closer Look Beneath the Surface: Various Facets of the Think-Manager-Think-Male Stereotype', Sex Roles 7(8): 356-63
    • (2003) Sex Roles , vol.7 , Issue.8 , pp. 356-363
    • Sczesny, S.1
  • 57
    • 0034348164 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Motivated Stereotyping of Women: She's Fine if She Praised but Incompetent if She Criticized Me'
    • Sinclair, L. and Kunda, Z. (2000) 'Motivated Stereotyping of Women: She's Fine if She Praised but Incompetent if She Criticized Me', Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 26(11): 1329-42
    • (2000) Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , vol.26 , Issue.11 , pp. 1329-1342
    • Sinclair, L.1    Kunda, Z.2
  • 58
    • 0001868677 scopus 로고
    • The Social Identity Theory of Intergroup Behavior
    • S. Worchel and W.C. Austin eds, Chicago: Nelson-Hall
    • Tajfel, H. and Turner J.C. (1986) 'The Social Identity Theory of Intergroup Behavior', in S. Worchel and W.C. Austin (eds) The Psychology of Intergroup Relations, pp. 7-24. Chicago: Nelson-Hall
    • (1986) The Psychology of Intergroup Relations , pp. 7-24
    • Tajfel, H.1    Turner, J.C.2
  • 60
    • 79954298316 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • retrieved November 2007
    • United Nations Development Programme (2006) Gender Empowerment Measure, available at: http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/gem2004. pdf, retrieved November 2007
    • (2006) Gender Empowerment Measure
  • 63
    • 0033106520 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pancultural Gender Stereotypes Revisited: The Five-factor Model
    • Williams, J.E., Satterwhite, R.C. and Best, D.L. (1999) 'Pancultural Gender Stereotypes Revisited: The Five-factor Model', Sex Roles 40(7): 513-25
    • (1999) Sex Roles , vol.40 , Issue.7 , pp. 513-525
    • Williams, J.E.1    Satterwhite, R.C.2    Best, D.L.3
  • 64
    • 85047684285 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spontaneous Prejudice in Context: Variability in Automatically Activated Attitudes
    • Wittenbrink, B., Judd, C.M. and Park, B. (2001) 'Spontaneous Prejudice in Context: Variability in Automatically Activated Attitudes', Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 81(5): 815-27
    • (2001) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.81 , Issue.5 , pp. 815-827
    • Wittenbrink, B.1    Judd, C.M.2    Park, B.3
  • 65
    • 85047674204 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A Cross-cultural Analysis of the Behavior of Women and Men: Implications for the Origins of Sex Differences
    • Wood, W. and Eagly, A. (2002) 'A Cross-cultural Analysis of the Behavior of Women and Men: Implications for the Origins of Sex Differences', Psychological Bulletin 128(5): 699-727
    • (2002) Psychological Bulletin , vol.128 , Issue.5 , pp. 699-727
    • Wood, W.1    Eagly, A.2
  • 66
    • 0032219411 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Empowering Token Women Leaders: The Importance of Organizationally Legitimated Credibility
    • Yoder, J.D. and Schleicher, T.L. (1998) 'Empowering Token Women Leaders: The Importance of Organizationally Legitimated Credibility', Psychology of Women Quarterly 22(2): 209-22
    • (1998) Psychology of Women Quarterly , vol.22 , Issue.2 , pp. 209-222
    • Yoder, J.D.1    Schleicher, T.L.2
  • 67
    • 0003446464 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Leadership in Organizations
    • NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall
    • Yukl, G. (2006) Leadership in Organizations. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall
    • (2006) Upper Saddle River
    • Yukl, G.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.