메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 92, Issue 6, 2007, Pages 1118-1134

Culture, Gender, and the Self: Variations and Impact of Social Comparison Processes

Author keywords

culture; gender differences; power distance; self construal; social comparison

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ARTICLE; BEHAVIOR; COMPETITIVE BEHAVIOR; CULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY; ETHNIC GROUP; FEMALE; HUMAN; MALE; QUESTIONNAIRE; SELF CONCEPT; SEX DIFFERENCE; SOCIAL DESIRABILITY; SOCIAL DISTANCE; STATISTICS;

EID: 34547417579     PISSN: 00223514     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/0022-3514.92.6.1118     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (177)

References (100)
  • 1
    • 0346125297 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toward a geography of personality traits: Patterns of profiles across 36 cultures
    • Allik J., and McCrae R.R. Toward a geography of personality traits: Patterns of profiles across 36 cultures. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 35 (2004) 13-28
    • (2004) Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology , vol.35 , pp. 13-28
    • Allik, J.1    McCrae, R.R.2
  • 2
    • 33646794398 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cross-cultural differences in physical aggression between partners: A social-role analysis
    • Archer J. Cross-cultural differences in physical aggression between partners: A social-role analysis. Personality and Social Psychology Review 10 (2006) 133-153
    • (2006) Personality and Social Psychology Review , vol.10 , pp. 133-153
    • Archer, J.1
  • 3
    • 0023020183 scopus 로고
    • The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations
    • Baron R.M., and Kenny D.A. The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 51 (1986) 1173-1182
    • (1986) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.51 , pp. 1173-1182
    • Baron, R.M.1    Kenny, D.A.2
  • 5
    • 0348252246 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toward a broader view of social stereotyping
    • Biernat M. Toward a broader view of social stereotyping. American Psychologist 58 (2003) 1019-1027
    • (2003) American Psychologist , vol.58 , pp. 1019-1027
    • Biernat, M.1
  • 6
    • 85051106482 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Shifting standards and contextual variations in stereotyping
    • Biernat M., and Thompson E.R. Shifting standards and contextual variations in stereotyping. European review of social psychology 12 (2002) 103-137
    • (2002) European review of social psychology , vol.12 , pp. 103-137
    • Biernat, M.1    Thompson, E.R.2
  • 10
    • 0002198203 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The evolutionary psychology of human social strategies
    • Higgins E.T., and Kruglanski A.W. (Eds), Guilford Press, New York
    • Buss D.M. The evolutionary psychology of human social strategies. In: Higgins E.T., and Kruglanski A.W. (Eds). Social psychology: Handbook of basic principles (1996), Guilford Press, New York 3-38
    • (1996) Social psychology: Handbook of basic principles , pp. 3-38
    • Buss, D.M.1
  • 11
    • 27644557684 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How do people respond to others with high commitment or autonomy in their relationships?
    • Buunk A.P. How do people respond to others with high commitment or autonomy in their relationships?. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships 22 (2005) 653-672
    • (2005) Journal of Social and Personal Relationships , vol.22 , pp. 653-672
    • Buunk, A.P.1
  • 12
    • 84928281145 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social comparison orientation: A new perspective on those who do and those who don't compare with others
    • Guimond S. (Ed), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England
    • Buunk A.P., and Gibbons F.X. Social comparison orientation: A new perspective on those who do and those who don't compare with others. In: Guimond S. (Ed). Social comparison and social psychology: Understanding cognition, intergroup relations and culture (2006), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England 15-32
    • (2006) Social comparison and social psychology: Understanding cognition, intergroup relations and culture , pp. 15-32
    • Buunk, A.P.1    Gibbons, F.X.2
  • 15
    • 31644436837 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Age changes in personality and their origins: Comment on Roberts, Walton, and Viechtbauer (2006)
    • Costa Jr. P.T., and McCrae R.R. Age changes in personality and their origins: Comment on Roberts, Walton, and Viechtbauer (2006). Psychological Bulletin 132 (2006) 26-28
    • (2006) Psychological Bulletin , vol.132 , pp. 26-28
    • Costa Jr., P.T.1    McCrae, R.R.2
  • 17
    • 0010100998 scopus 로고
    • Triangulation and cross-cultural research
    • Brewer M.B., and Collins B.E. (Eds), Jossey-Bass, San Francisco
    • Crano W.D. Triangulation and cross-cultural research. In: Brewer M.B., and Collins B.E. (Eds). Scientific inquiry in the social sciences (1981), Jossey-Bass, San Francisco 317-344
    • (1981) Scientific inquiry in the social sciences , pp. 317-344
    • Crano, W.D.1
  • 18
    • 0031181733 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Models of the self: Self-construals and gender
    • Cross S.E., and Madson L. Models of the self: Self-construals and gender. Psychological Bulletin 122 (1997) 5-37
    • (1997) Psychological Bulletin , vol.122 , pp. 5-37
    • Cross, S.E.1    Madson, L.2
  • 19
    • 85047669203 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thinking about oneself and others: The relational-interdependent self-construal and social cognition
    • Cross S.E., Morris M.L., and Gore J.S. Thinking about oneself and others: The relational-interdependent self-construal and social cognition. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 82 (2002) 399-418
    • (2002) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.82 , pp. 399-418
    • Cross, S.E.1    Morris, M.L.2    Gore, J.S.3
  • 21
    • 17644395157 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social role theory of sex differences and similarities
    • Eagly A.H., Beall A.E., and Sternberg R.J. (Eds), Guilford, New York
    • Eagly A.H., Wood W., and Johannesen-Schmidt M.C. Social role theory of sex differences and similarities. In: Eagly A.H., Beall A.E., and Sternberg R.J. (Eds). Psychology of gender (2004), Guilford, New York 269-295
    • (2004) Psychology of gender , pp. 269-295
    • Eagly, A.H.1    Wood, W.2    Johannesen-Schmidt, M.C.3
  • 22
    • 4644234910 scopus 로고
    • A theory of social comparison processes
    • Festinger L. A theory of social comparison processes. Human Relations 7 (1954) 117-140
    • (1954) Human Relations , vol.7 , pp. 117-140
    • Festinger, L.1
  • 23
    • 0002522932 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relation between gender and emotion in different cultures
    • Fisher A. (Ed), Cambridge University Press, London
    • Fischer A., and Manstead A. The relation between gender and emotion in different cultures. In: Fisher A. (Ed). Gender and emotion: Social psychological perspectives (2000), Cambridge University Press, London 71-94
    • (2000) Gender and emotion: Social psychological perspectives , pp. 71-94
    • Fischer, A.1    Manstead, A.2
  • 24
    • 0033238165 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Are there "his" and "hers" types of interdependence? The implications of gender differences in collective versus relational interdependence for affect, behavior, and cognition
    • Gabriel S., and Gardner W.L. Are there "his" and "hers" types of interdependence? The implications of gender differences in collective versus relational interdependence for affect, behavior, and cognition. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 77 (1999) 642-655
    • (1999) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.77 , pp. 642-655
    • Gabriel, S.1    Gardner, W.L.2
  • 26
    • 0036482612 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • When you and I are "we," you are not threatening: The role of self-expansion in social comparison
    • Gardner W.L., Gabriel S., and Hochschild L. When you and I are "we," you are not threatening: The role of self-expansion in social comparison. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 82 (2002) 239-251
    • (2002) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.82 , pp. 239-251
    • Gardner, W.L.1    Gabriel, S.2    Hochschild, L.3
  • 27
    • 0000751167 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "I" value freedom, but "We" value relationships: Self-construal priming mirrors cultural differences in judgment
    • Gardner W.L., Gabriel S., and Lee A.Y. "I" value freedom, but "We" value relationships: Self-construal priming mirrors cultural differences in judgment. Psychological Science 10 (1999) 321-326
    • (1999) Psychological Science , vol.10 , pp. 321-326
    • Gardner, W.L.1    Gabriel, S.2    Lee, A.Y.3
  • 28
    • 0032611304 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Individual differences in social comparison: Development and validation of a measure of social comparison orientation
    • Gibbons F.X., and Buunk B.P. Individual differences in social comparison: Development and validation of a measure of social comparison orientation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 76 (1999) 129-142
    • (1999) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.76 , pp. 129-142
    • Gibbons, F.X.1    Buunk, B.P.2
  • 29
    • 84928304155 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ambivalent sexism, power distance, and gender inequality across cultures
    • Guimond S. (Ed), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England
    • Glick P. Ambivalent sexism, power distance, and gender inequality across cultures. In: Guimond S. (Ed). Social comparison and social psychology: Understanding cognition, intergroup relations and culture (2006), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England 283-302
    • (2006) Social comparison and social psychology: Understanding cognition, intergroup relations and culture , pp. 283-302
    • Glick, P.1
  • 33
    • 0038335233 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does social dominance generate prejudice? Integrating individual and contextual determinants of intergroup cognitions
    • Guimond S., Dambrun M., Michinov N., and Duarte S. Does social dominance generate prejudice? Integrating individual and contextual determinants of intergroup cognitions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 84 (2003) 697-721
    • (2003) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.84 , pp. 697-721
    • Guimond, S.1    Dambrun, M.2    Michinov, N.3    Duarte, S.4
  • 34
    • 84937342874 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bragging about one's school grades: Gender stereotyping and students' perception of their abilities in science, mathematics and language
    • Guimond S., and Roussel L. Bragging about one's school grades: Gender stereotyping and students' perception of their abilities in science, mathematics and language. Social Psychology of Education 4 (2001) 275-293
    • (2001) Social Psychology of Education , vol.4 , pp. 275-293
    • Guimond, S.1    Roussel, L.2
  • 35
    • 19944386418 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • L'activation des stéréotypes de genre, l'évaluation de soi et l'orientation scolaire [The activation of gender stereotypes, self-evaluation and career choice]
    • Beauvois J.-L., Joule R.-V., and Monteil J.-M. (Eds), Presses Universitaires de Rennes, Rennes, France
    • Guimond S., and Roussel L. L'activation des stéréotypes de genre, l'évaluation de soi et l'orientation scolaire [The activation of gender stereotypes, self-evaluation and career choice]. In: Beauvois J.-L., Joule R.-V., and Monteil J.-M. (Eds). Perspectives cognitives et conduites sociales [Cognitive perspectives and social behavior] 8 (2002), Presses Universitaires de Rennes, Rennes, France 163-179
    • (2002) Perspectives cognitives et conduites sociales [Cognitive perspectives and social behavior] , vol.8 , pp. 163-179
    • Guimond, S.1    Roussel, L.2
  • 36
    • 25844478460 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Self-power associations: The possession of power impacts women's self-concepts
    • Haines E.L., and Kray L.J. Self-power associations: The possession of power impacts women's self-concepts. European Journal of Social Psychology 35 (2005) 643-662
    • (2005) European Journal of Social Psychology , vol.35 , pp. 643-662
    • Haines, E.L.1    Kray, L.J.2
  • 37
    • 2442436653 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Factor structure of the self-construal scale revisited-Implications for the multidimensionality of self-construal
    • Hardin E.E., Leong F.T.L., and Bhagwat A.A. Factor structure of the self-construal scale revisited-Implications for the multidimensionality of self-construal. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 35 (2004) 327-345
    • (2004) Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology , vol.35 , pp. 327-345
    • Hardin, E.E.1    Leong, F.T.L.2    Bhagwat, A.A.3
  • 38
    • 85047673545 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What's wrong with cross-cultural comparisons of subjective Likert scales? The reference-group effect
    • Heine S.J., Lehman D.R., Peng K., and Greenholtz J. What's wrong with cross-cultural comparisons of subjective Likert scales? The reference-group effect. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 82 (2002) 903-918
    • (2002) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.82 , pp. 903-918
    • Heine, S.J.1    Lehman, D.R.2    Peng, K.3    Greenholtz, J.4
  • 41
    • 1642537570 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Personality and culture revisited: Linking traits and dimensions of culture
    • Hofstede G., and McCrae R.R. Personality and culture revisited: Linking traits and dimensions of culture. Cross-Cultural Research 38 (2004) 52-88
    • (2004) Cross-Cultural Research , vol.38 , pp. 52-88
    • Hofstede, G.1    McCrae, R.R.2
  • 42
    • 85004809854 scopus 로고
    • Intergroup behaviour, self-stereotyping and the salience of social categories
    • Hogg M.A., and Turner J.C. Intergroup behaviour, self-stereotyping and the salience of social categories. British Journal of Social Psychology 26 (1987) 325-340
    • (1987) British Journal of Social Psychology , vol.26 , pp. 325-340
    • Hogg, M.A.1    Turner, J.C.2
  • 44
    • 0034391135 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Attitudinal ambivalence and the conflict between group and system justification motives in low status groups
    • Jost J.T., and Burgess D. Attitudinal ambivalence and the conflict between group and system justification motives in low status groups. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 26 (2000) 293-305
    • (2000) Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , vol.26 , pp. 293-305
    • Jost, J.T.1    Burgess, D.2
  • 45
    • 0034381339 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Group-based dominance and opposition to equality as independent predictors of self-esteem, ethnocentrism, and social policy attitudes among African Americans and European Americans
    • Jost J.T., and Thompson E.P. Group-based dominance and opposition to equality as independent predictors of self-esteem, ethnocentrism, and social policy attitudes among African Americans and European Americans. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 36 (2000) 209-232
    • (2000) Journal of Experimental Social Psychology , vol.36 , pp. 209-232
    • Jost, J.T.1    Thompson, E.P.2
  • 46
    • 30544441271 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fundamental dimensions of social judgment: Understanding the relations between judgments of competence and warmth
    • Judd C.M., James-Hawkins L., Yzerbyt V., and Kashima Y. Fundamental dimensions of social judgment: Understanding the relations between judgments of competence and warmth. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 89 (2005) 899-913
    • (2005) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.89 , pp. 899-913
    • Judd, C.M.1    James-Hawkins, L.2    Yzerbyt, V.3    Kashima, Y.4
  • 50
    • 0035016499 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gendered influence of downward social comparisons on current and possible selves
    • Kemmelmeier M., and Oyserman D. Gendered influence of downward social comparisons on current and possible selves. Journal of Social Issues 57 (2001) 129-148
    • (2001) Journal of Social Issues , vol.57 , pp. 129-148
    • Kemmelmeier, M.1    Oyserman, D.2
  • 51
    • 84985848342 scopus 로고
    • Self-stereotyping and self-enhancement in gender groups
    • Lorenzi-Cioldi F. Self-stereotyping and self-enhancement in gender groups. European Journal of Social Psychology 21 (1991) 403-417
    • (1991) European Journal of Social Psychology , vol.21 , pp. 403-417
    • Lorenzi-Cioldi, F.1
  • 53
    • 33846844707 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Developing a new measure of independent and interdependent views of the self
    • Lu L., and Gilmour R. Developing a new measure of independent and interdependent views of the self. Journal of Research in Personality 41 (2007) 249-257
    • (2007) Journal of Research in Personality , vol.41 , pp. 249-257
    • Lu, L.1    Gilmour, R.2
  • 54
    • 28444442317 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gender differences in the relational and collective bases of trust
    • Maddux W.M., and Brewer M.B. Gender differences in the relational and collective bases of trust. Group Processes and Intergroup Relations 8 (2005) 159-171
    • (2005) Group Processes and Intergroup Relations , vol.8 , pp. 159-171
    • Maddux, W.M.1    Brewer, M.B.2
  • 56
    • 12044258070 scopus 로고
    • Culture and the self: Implications for cognition, emotion, and motivation
    • Markus H., and Kitayama S. Culture and the self: Implications for cognition, emotion, and motivation. Psychological Review 98 (1991) 224-252
    • (1991) Psychological Review , vol.98 , pp. 224-252
    • Markus, H.1    Kitayama, S.2
  • 57
    • 34548815975 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The variable impact of upward and downward social comparisons on self-esteem: When the level of analysis matters
    • Guimond S. (Ed), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England
    • Martinot D., and Redersdorff S. The variable impact of upward and downward social comparisons on self-esteem: When the level of analysis matters. In: Guimond S. (Ed). Social comparison and social psychology: Understanding cognition, intergroup relations and culture (2006), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England 127-150
    • (2006) Social comparison and social psychology: Understanding cognition, intergroup relations and culture , pp. 127-150
    • Martinot, D.1    Redersdorff, S.2
  • 58
    • 14744276659 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Universal features of personality traits from the observer's perspective: Data from 50 cultures
    • 78 members from the Personality Profiles of Culture Project
    • McCrae R.R., Terracciano A., and 78 members from the Personality Profiles of Culture Project. Universal features of personality traits from the observer's perspective: Data from 50 cultures. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 88 (2005) 547-561
    • (2005) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.88 , pp. 547-561
    • McCrae, R.R.1    Terracciano, A.2
  • 59
    • 10644252534 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The man who wasn't there: Subliminal social comparison standards influence self-evaluation
    • Mussweiler T., Rüter K., and Epstude K. The man who wasn't there: Subliminal social comparison standards influence self-evaluation. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 40 (2004) 689-696
    • (2004) Journal of Experimental Social Psychology , vol.40 , pp. 689-696
    • Mussweiler, T.1    Rüter, K.2    Epstude, K.3
  • 60
    • 0034222710 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relative self: Informational and judgmental consequences of comparative self-evaluation
    • Mussweiler T., and Strack F. The relative self: Informational and judgmental consequences of comparative self-evaluation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 79 (2000) 23-38
    • (2000) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.79 , pp. 23-38
    • Mussweiler, T.1    Strack, F.2
  • 62
    • 26844521530 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Psychological universals: What are they and how can we know?
    • Norenzayan A., and Heine S.J. Psychological universals: What are they and how can we know?. Psychological Bulletin 131 (2005) 763-784
    • (2005) Psychological Bulletin , vol.131 , pp. 763-784
    • Norenzayan, A.1    Heine, S.J.2
  • 63
    • 9344227322 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fluidity in the self-concept: The shift from personal to social identity
    • Onorato R.S., and Turner J.C. Fluidity in the self-concept: The shift from personal to social identity. European Journal of Social Psychology 34 (2004) 257-278
    • (2004) European Journal of Social Psychology , vol.34 , pp. 257-278
    • Onorato, R.S.1    Turner, J.C.2
  • 65
    • 33846817030 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measuring personality in one minute or less: A 10-item short version of the Big Five Inventory in English and German
    • Rammstedt B., and John O.P. Measuring personality in one minute or less: A 10-item short version of the Big Five Inventory in English and German. Journal of Research in Personality 41 (2006) 203-212
    • (2006) Journal of Research in Personality , vol.41 , pp. 203-212
    • Rammstedt, B.1    John, O.P.2
  • 66
    • 31644434552 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patterns of mean-level change in personality traits across the life course: A meta-analysis of longitudinal studies
    • Roberts B.W., Walton K.E., and Viechtbauer W. Patterns of mean-level change in personality traits across the life course: A meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. Psychological Bulletin 132 (2006) 1-25
    • (2006) Psychological Bulletin , vol.132 , pp. 1-25
    • Roberts, B.W.1    Walton, K.E.2    Viechtbauer, W.3
  • 67
    • 33645292095 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Personality traits change in adulthood: Reply to Costa and McCrae (2006)
    • Roberts B.W., Walton K.E., and Viechtbauer W. Personality traits change in adulthood: Reply to Costa and McCrae (2006). Psychological Bulletin 132 (2006) 29-32
    • (2006) Psychological Bulletin , vol.132 , pp. 29-32
    • Roberts, B.W.1    Walton, K.E.2    Viechtbauer, W.3
  • 69
    • 4744368163 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Who cares? The effect of gender and context on the self and moral reasoning
    • Ryan M.K., David B., and Reynolds K.J. Who cares? The effect of gender and context on the self and moral reasoning. Psychology of Women Quarterly 28 (2003) 246-255
    • (2003) Psychology of Women Quarterly , vol.28 , pp. 246-255
    • Ryan, M.K.1    David, B.2    Reynolds, K.J.3
  • 70
    • 0028544051 scopus 로고
    • Within-group norming and other forms of score adjustment in preemployment testing
    • Sackett P.R., and Wilk S.L. Within-group norming and other forms of score adjustment in preemployment testing. American Psychologist 49 (1994) 929-954
    • (1994) American Psychologist , vol.49 , pp. 929-954
    • Sackett, P.R.1    Wilk, S.L.2
  • 72
    • 33744505471 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Categorizing at the group-level in response to intragroup social comparisons: A self-categorization theory integration of self-evaluation and social identity motives
    • Schmitt M.T., Branscombe N.R., Silvia P.J., Garcia D.M., and Spears R. Categorizing at the group-level in response to intragroup social comparisons: A self-categorization theory integration of self-evaluation and social identity motives. European Journal of Social Psychology 36 (2006) 297-314
    • (2006) European Journal of Social Psychology , vol.36 , pp. 297-314
    • Schmitt, M.T.1    Branscombe, N.R.2    Silvia, P.J.3    Garcia, D.M.4    Spears, R.5
  • 73
    • 77954025485 scopus 로고
    • Universals in the content and structure of values: Theoretical advances and empirical tests in 20 countries
    • Zanna M.P. (Ed), Academic Press, New York
    • Schwartz S.H. Universals in the content and structure of values: Theoretical advances and empirical tests in 20 countries. In: Zanna M.P. (Ed). Advances in experimental social psychology 25 (1992), Academic Press, New York 1-65
    • (1992) Advances in experimental social psychology , vol.25 , pp. 1-65
    • Schwartz, S.H.1
  • 74
    • 0001937917 scopus 로고
    • Beyond individualism/collectivism-New cultural dimensions of values
    • Kim U., Triandis H.C., Kâgitçibasi C., Choi S.-C., and Yoon G. (Eds), Sage, London
    • Schwartz S.H. Beyond individualism/collectivism-New cultural dimensions of values. In: Kim U., Triandis H.C., Kâgitçibasi C., Choi S.-C., and Yoon G. (Eds). Individualism and collectivism: Theory, method, and applications (1994), Sage, London 85-119
    • (1994) Individualism and collectivism: Theory, method, and applications , pp. 85-119
    • Schwartz, S.H.1
  • 75
    • 30544435422 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sex differences in value priorities: Cross-cultural and multimethod studies
    • Schwartz S.H., and Rubel T. Sex differences in value priorities: Cross-cultural and multimethod studies. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 89 (2005) 1010-1028
    • (2005) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.89 , pp. 1010-1028
    • Schwartz, S.H.1    Rubel, T.2
  • 79
    • 0348017054 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acquiescent response bias as an aspect of cultural communication style
    • Smith P.B. Acquiescent response bias as an aspect of cultural communication style. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 35 (2004) 50-61
    • (2004) Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology , vol.35 , pp. 50-61
    • Smith, P.B.1
  • 82
    • 0001868677 scopus 로고
    • The social identity theory of intergroup behaviour
    • Worchel S., and Austin W.G. (Eds), Nelson-Hall, Chicago
    • Tajfel H., and Turner J.C. The social identity theory of intergroup behaviour. In: Worchel S., and Austin W.G. (Eds). Psychology of intergroup relations (1986), Nelson-Hall, Chicago 7-24
    • (1986) Psychology of intergroup relations , pp. 7-24
    • Tajfel, H.1    Turner, J.C.2
  • 85
    • 0040506181 scopus 로고
    • The self and social behavior in differing cultural contexts
    • Triandis H.C. The self and social behavior in differing cultural contexts. Psychological Review 96 (1989) 506-520
    • (1989) Psychological Review , vol.96 , pp. 506-520
    • Triandis, H.C.1
  • 86
    • 0002574549 scopus 로고
    • Theoretical and methodological approaches to the study of collectivism and individualism
    • Kim U., Triandis H.C., Kâgitçibasi C., Choi S.-C., and Yoon G. (Eds), Sage, London
    • Triandis H.C. Theoretical and methodological approaches to the study of collectivism and individualism. In: Kim U., Triandis H.C., Kâgitçibasi C., Choi S.-C., and Yoon G. (Eds). Individualism and collectivism: Theory, method, and applications (1994), Sage, London 41-51
    • (1994) Individualism and collectivism: Theory, method, and applications , pp. 41-51
    • Triandis, H.C.1
  • 90
    • 0001870478 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social identity, personality, and the self-concept: A self-categorization perspective
    • Tyler T.R., Kramer R.M., and John O.P. (Eds), Erlbaum, Mahwah, NJ
    • Turner J.C., and Onorato R.S. Social identity, personality, and the self-concept: A self-categorization perspective. In: Tyler T.R., Kramer R.M., and John O.P. (Eds). The psychology of the social self (1999), Erlbaum, Mahwah, NJ 11-46
    • (1999) The psychology of the social self , pp. 11-46
    • Turner, J.C.1    Onorato, R.S.2
  • 91
  • 92
    • 0031496377 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in masculine and feminine traits over time: A meta-analysis
    • Twenge J.M. Changes in masculine and feminine traits over time: A meta-analysis. Sex Roles 36 (1997) 305-325
    • (1997) Sex Roles , vol.36 , pp. 305-325
    • Twenge, J.M.1
  • 93
    • 85047684001 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Change in women's assertiveness in response to status and roles: A cross-temporal meta-analysis, 1931-1993
    • Twenge J.M. Change in women's assertiveness in response to status and roles: A cross-temporal meta-analysis, 1931-1993. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 81 (2001) 133-145
    • (2001) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.81 , pp. 133-145
    • Twenge, J.M.1
  • 94
    • 12944270302 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Culture and social comparison seeking: The role of self-motives
    • White K., and Lehman D.R. Culture and social comparison seeking: The role of self-motives. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 31 (2005) 232-242
    • (2005) Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , vol.31 , pp. 232-242
    • White, K.1    Lehman, D.R.2
  • 95
    • 0003338137 scopus 로고
    • Sex stereotypes and intergroup relations
    • Worchel S., and Austin W.G. (Eds), Nelson-Hall, Chicago
    • Williams J.E., and Best D.L. Sex stereotypes and intergroup relations. In: Worchel S., and Austin W.G. (Eds). Psychology of intergroup relations (1986), Nelson-Hall, Chicago 244-259
    • (1986) Psychology of intergroup relations , pp. 244-259
    • Williams, J.E.1    Best, D.L.2
  • 96
    • 58149368448 scopus 로고
    • Theory and research concerning social comparisons of personal attributes
    • Wood J.V. Theory and research concerning social comparisons of personal attributes. Psychological Bulletin 106 (1989) 231-248
    • (1989) Psychological Bulletin , vol.106 , pp. 231-248
    • Wood, J.V.1
  • 97
    • 85047674204 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A cross-cultural analysis of the behavior of women and men: Implications for the origins of sex differences
    • Wood W., and Eagly A.H. A cross-cultural analysis of the behavior of women and men: Implications for the origins of sex differences. Psychological Bulletin 128 (2002) 699-727
    • (2002) Psychological Bulletin , vol.128 , pp. 699-727
    • Wood, W.1    Eagly, A.H.2
  • 100
    • 19544389120 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gender similarities and differences in children's social behavior: Finding personality in contextualized patterns of adaptation
    • Zakriski A.L., Wright J.C., and Underwood M.K. Gender similarities and differences in children's social behavior: Finding personality in contextualized patterns of adaptation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 88 (2005) 844-855
    • (2005) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.88 , pp. 844-855
    • Zakriski, A.L.1    Wright, J.C.2    Underwood, M.K.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.