메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 60, Issue 10, 2008, Pages 643-650

Regulation of nitrogen metabolism in Mycobacterium tuberculosis: A comparison with mechanisms in Corynebacterium glutamicum and Streptomyces coelicolor

Author keywords

Corynebacterium glutamicum; Glutamine synthetase; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Nitrogen metabolism; Signaling cascade; Streptomyces coelicolor; Transcriptional regulator

Indexed keywords

AMMONIA; GLUTAMATE AMMONIA LIGASE; GLUTAMATE DEHYDROGENASE; GLUTAMATE SYNTHASE; GLUTAMINE; NITROGEN REGULATORY PROTEIN; BACTERIAL PROTEIN; NITROGEN; QUATERNARY AMMONIUM DERIVATIVE;

EID: 58149202834     PISSN: 15216543     EISSN: 15216551     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/iub.100     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (26)

References (47)
  • 1
    • 0345447496 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ammonium assimilation and nitrogen control in Corynebacterium glutamicum and its relatives: An example for new regulatory mechanisms in actinomycetes
    • Burkovski, A. (2003) Ammonium assimilation and nitrogen control in Corynebacterium glutamicum and its relatives: an example for new regulatory mechanisms in actinomycetes. FEMS Microbiol. Rev. 27, 617-628.
    • (2003) FEMS Microbiol. Rev. , vol.27 , pp. 617-628
    • Burkovski, A.1
  • 2
    • 0242276682 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nitrogen assimilation and global regulation in Escherichia coli
    • Reitzer, L. (2003) Nitrogen assimilation and global regulation in Escherichia coli. Annu. Rev. Microbiol. 57, 155-176.
    • (2003) Annu. Rev. Microbiol. , vol.57 , pp. 155-176
    • Reitzer, L.1
  • 3
    • 35448984675 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nitrogen regulation in bacteria and archaea
    • Leigh, J. A. and Dodsworth, J. A. (2007) Nitrogen regulation in bacteria and archaea. Annu. Rev. Microbiol. 61, 349-377.
    • (2007) Annu. Rev. Microbiol. , vol.61 , pp. 349-377
    • Leigh, J.A.1    Dodsworth, J.A.2
  • 4
    • 0028865193 scopus 로고
    • Nitrogen control in bacteria
    • Merrick, M. J. and Edwards, R. A. (1995) Nitrogen control in bacteria. Microbiol. Rev. 59, 604-622.
    • (1995) Microbiol. Rev. , vol.59 , pp. 604-622
    • Merrick, M.J.1    Edwards, R.A.2
  • 5
    • 18744383916 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Two transcriptional regulators GlnR and GlnRII are involved in regulation of nitrogen metabolism in Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2)
    • Fink, D., Weissschuh, N., Reuther, J., Wohlleben, W., and Engels, A. (2002) Two transcriptional regulators GlnR and GlnRII are involved in regulation of nitrogen metabolism in Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2). Mol. Microbiol. 46, 331-347.
    • (2002) Mol. Microbiol. , vol.46 , pp. 331-347
    • Fink, D.1    Weissschuh, N.2    Reuther, J.3    Wohlleben, W.4    Engels, A.5
  • 6
    • 0033865395 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • AmtR, a global repressor in the nitrogen regulation system of Corynebacterium glutamicum
    • Jakoby, M., Nolden, L., Meier-Wagner, J., Kramer, R., and Burkovski, A. (2000) AmtR, a global repressor in the nitrogen regulation system of Corynebacterium glutamicum. Mol. Microbiol. 37, 964-977.
    • (2000) Mol. Microbiol. , vol.37 , pp. 964-977
    • Jakoby, M.1    Nolden, L.2    Meier-Wagner, J.3    Kramer, R.4    Burkovski, A.5
  • 8
    • 0035910193 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nitrogen and carbon regulation of glutamine synthetase and glutamate synthase in Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032
    • Schulz, A. A., Collett, H. J., and Reid, S. J. (2001) Nitrogen and carbon regulation of glutamine synthetase and glutamate synthase in Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 205, 361-367.
    • (2001) FEMS Microbiol. Lett. , vol.205 , pp. 361-367
    • Schulz, A.A.1    Collett, H.J.2    Reid, S.J.3
  • 9
    • 0035154822 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiplicity of ammonium uptake systems in Corynebacterium glutamicum: Role of Amt and AmtB
    • Meier-Wagner, J., Nolden, L., Jakoby, M., Siewe, R., Kramer, R., and Burkovski, A. (2001) Multiplicity of ammonium uptake systems in Corynebacterium glutamicum: role of Amt and AmtB. Microbiology 147, 135-143. (Pubitemid 32094316)
    • (2001) Microbiology , vol.147 , Issue.1 , pp. 135-143
    • Meier-Wagner, J.1    Nolden, L.2    Jakoby, M.3    Siewe, R.4    Kramer, R.5    Burkovski, A.6
  • 10
    • 0038309776 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glutamine synthetase GlnA1 is essential for growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in human THP-1 macrophages and guinea pigs
    • Tullius, M. V., Harth, G., and Horwitz, M. A. (2003) Glutamine synthetase GlnA1 is essential for growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in human THP-1 macrophages and guinea pigs. Infect. Immun. 71, 3927-3936.
    • (2003) Infect. Immun. , vol.71 , pp. 3927-3936
    • Tullius, M.V.1    Harth, G.2    Horwitz, M.A.3
  • 11
    • 41549129426 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dissection of ammonium uptake systems in Corynebacterium glutamicum: Mechanism of action and energetics of AmtA and AmtB
    • DOI 10.1128/JB.01896-07
    • Walter, B., Kuspert, M., Ansorge, D., Kramer, R., and Burkovski, A. (2008) Dissection of ammonium uptake systems in Corynebacterium glutamicum: mechanism of action and energetics of AmtA and AmtB. J. Bacteriol. 190, 2611-2614. (Pubitemid 351466358)
    • (2008) Journal of Bacteriology , vol.190 , Issue.7 , pp. 2611-2614
    • Walter, B.1    Kuspert, M.2    Ansorge, D.3    Kramer, R.4    Burkovski, A.5
  • 12
    • 0035105144 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • P(II) signal transduction proteins, pivotal players in microbial nitrogen control
    • Arcondeguy, T., Jack, R., and Merrick, M. (2001) P(II) signal transduction proteins, pivotal players in microbial nitrogen control. Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev. 65, 80-105.
    • (2001) Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev. , vol.65 , pp. 80-105
    • Arcondeguy, T.1    Jack, R.2    Merrick, M.3
  • 13
    • 15744405123 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PII signal transduction proteins: Sensors of alpha-ketoglutarate that regulate nitrogen metabolism
    • Ninfa, A. J. and Jiang, P. (2005) PII signal transduction proteins: sensors of alpha-ketoglutarate that regulate nitrogen metabolism. Curr. Opin. Microbiol. 8, 168-173.
    • (2005) Curr. Opin. Microbiol. , vol.8 , pp. 168-173
    • Ninfa, A.J.1    Jiang, P.2
  • 14
    • 1542275558 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ammonium sensing in Escherichia coli. Role of the ammonium transporter AmtB and AmtB-GlnK complex formation
    • Javelle, A., Severi, E., Thornton, J., and Merrick, M. (2004) Ammonium sensing in Escherichia coli. Role of the ammonium transporter AmtB and AmtB-GlnK complex formation. J. Biol. Chem. 279, 8530-8538.
    • (2004) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.279 , pp. 8530-8538
    • Javelle, A.1    Severi, E.2    Thornton, J.3    Merrick, M.4
  • 15
    • 4744362881 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulation of GlnK activity: Modification, membrane sequestration and proteolysis as regulatory principles in the network of nitrogen control in Corynebacterium glutamicum
    • Strosser, J., Ludke, A., Schaffer, S., Kramer, R., and Burkovski, A. (2004) Regulation of GlnK activity: modification, membrane sequestration and proteolysis as regulatory principles in the network of nitrogen control in Corynebacterium glutamicum. Mol. Microbiol. 54, 132-147.
    • (2004) Mol. Microbiol. , vol.54 , pp. 132-147
    • Strosser, J.1    Ludke, A.2    Schaffer, S.3    Kramer, R.4    Burkovski, A.5
  • 16
    • 33846641311 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The crystal structure of the Escherichia coli AmtB-GlnK complex reveals how GlnK regulates the ammonia channel
    • Conroy, M. J., Durand, A., Lupo, D., Li, X. D., Bullough, P. A., Winkler, F. K., and Merrick, M. (2007) The crystal structure of the Escherichia coli AmtB-GlnK complex reveals how GlnK regulates the ammonia channel. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 104, 1213-1218.
    • (2007) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.104 , pp. 1213-1218
    • Conroy, M.J.1    Durand, A.2    Lupo, D.3    Li, X.D.4    Bullough, P.A.5    Winkler, F.K.6    Merrick, M.7
  • 17
    • 0025079161 scopus 로고
    • Overexpression of a Streptomyces viridochromogenes gene (glnII) encoding a glutamine synthetase similar to those of eucaryotes confers resistance against the antibiotic phosphinothricyl-alanyl-alanine
    • Behrmann, I., Hillemann, D., Puhler, A., Strauch, E., and Wohlleben, W. (1990) Overexpression of a Streptomyces viridochromogenes gene (glnII) encoding a glutamine synthetase similar to those of eucaryotes confers resistance against the antibiotic phosphinothricyl-alanyl-alanine. J. Bacteriol. 172, 5326-5334. (Pubitemid 20281987)
    • (1990) Journal of Bacteriology , vol.172 , Issue.9 , pp. 5326-5334
    • Behrmann, I.1    Hillemann, D.2    Puhler, A.3    Strauch, E.4    Wohlleben, W.5
  • 18
    • 0028900742 scopus 로고
    • Glutamine synthetase gene evolution in bacteria
    • Pesole, G., Gissi, C., Lanave, C., and Saccone, C. (1995) Glutamine synthetase gene evolution in bacteria. Mol. Biol. Evol. 12, 189-197.
    • (1995) Mol. Biol. Evol. , vol.12 , pp. 189-197
    • Pesole, G.1    Gissi, C.2    Lanave, C.3    Saccone, C.4
  • 19
    • 0035838555 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glutamine synthetases of Corynebacterium glutamicum: Transcriptional control and regulation of activity
    • Nolden, L., Farwick, M., Kramer, R., and Burkovski, A. (2001) Glutamine synthetases of Corynebacterium glutamicum: transcriptional control and regulation of activity. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 201, 91-98.
    • (2001) FEMS Microbiol. Lett. , vol.201 , pp. 91-98
    • Nolden, L.1    Farwick, M.2    Kramer, R.3    Burkovski, A.4
  • 20
    • 0030884625 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Isolation of the Corynebacterium glutamicum glnA gene encoding glutamine synthetase I
    • Jakoby, M., Tesch, M., Sahm, H., Kramer, R., and Burkovski, A. (1997) Isolation of the Corynebacterium glutamicum glnA gene encoding glutamine synthetase I. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 154, 81-88.
    • (1997) FEMS Microbiol. Lett. , vol.154 , pp. 81-88
    • Jakoby, M.1    Tesch, M.2    Sahm, H.3    Kramer, R.4    Burkovski, A.5
  • 21
    • 33751394705 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Investigation of the functional properties and regulation of three glutamine synthetase-like genes in Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2)
    • Rexer, H. U., Schaberle, T., Wohlleben, W., and Engels, A. (2006) Investigation of the functional properties and regulation of three glutamine synthetase-like genes in Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2). Arch. Microbiol. 186, 447-458.
    • (2006) Arch. Microbiol. , vol.186 , pp. 447-458
    • Rexer, H.U.1    Schaberle, T.2    Wohlleben, W.3    Engels, A.4
  • 22
    • 27944481182 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • All four Mycobacterium tuberculosis glnA genes encode glutamine synthetase activities but only GlnA1 is abundantly expressed and essential for bacterial homeostasis
    • Harth, G., Maslesa-Galic, S., Tullius, M. V., and Horwitz, M. A. (2005) All four Mycobacterium tuberculosis glnA genes encode glutamine synthetase activities but only GlnA1 is abundantly expressed and essential for bacterial homeostasis. Mol. Microbiol. 58, 1157-1172.
    • (2005) Mol. Microbiol. , vol.58 , pp. 1157-1172
    • Harth, G.1    Maslesa-Galic, S.2    Tullius, M.V.3    Horwitz, M.A.4
  • 23
    • 33751394705 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Investigation of the functional properties and regulation of three glutamine synthetase-like genes in Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2)
    • Rexer, H. U., Schaberle, T., Wohlleben, W., and Engels, A. (2006) Investigation of the functional properties and regulation of three glutamine synthetase-like genes in Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2). Arch. Microbiol. 186, 447-458.
    • (2006) Arch. Microbiol. , vol.186 , pp. 447-458
    • Rexer, H.U.1    Schaberle, T.2    Wohlleben, W.3    Engels, A.4
  • 24
    • 0033819147 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • GlnE is an essential gene in Mycobacterium tuberculosis
    • Parish, T. and Stoker, N. G. (2000) glnE is an essential gene in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J. Bacteriol. 182, 5715-5720.
    • (2000) J. Bacteriol. , vol.182 , pp. 5715-5720
    • Parish, T.1    Stoker, N.G.2
  • 25
    • 0032855884 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nitrogen metabolism in Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2): Modification of glutamine synthetase I by an adenylyltransferase
    • Fink, D., Falke, D., Wohlleben, W., and Engels, A. (1999) Nitrogen metabolism in Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2): modification of glutamine synthetase I by an adenylyltransferase. Microbiology 145(Part 9), 2313-2322.
    • (1999) Microbiology , vol.145 , Issue.PART 9 , pp. 2313-2322
    • Fink, D.1    Falke, D.2    Wohlleben, W.3    Engels, A.4
  • 26
    • 0028136469 scopus 로고
    • Glutamine synthetase of Mycobacterium tuberculosis: Extracellular release and characterization of its enzymatic activity
    • Harth, G., Clemens, D. L., and Horwitz, M. A. (1994) Glutamine synthetase of Mycobacterium tuberculosis: extracellular release and characterization of its enzymatic activity. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91, 9342-9346.
    • (1994) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.91 , pp. 9342-9346
    • Harth, G.1    Clemens, D.L.2    Horwitz, M.A.3
  • 27
    • 0034819306 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High extracellular levels of Mycobacterium tuberculosis glutamine synthetase and superoxide dismutase in actively growing cultures are due to high expression and extracellular stability rather than to a protein-specific export mechanism
    • Tullius, M. V., Harth, G., and Horwitz, M. A. (2001) High extracellular levels of Mycobacterium tuberculosis glutamine synthetase and superoxide dismutase in actively growing cultures are due to high expression and extracellular stability rather than to a protein-specific export mechanism. Infect. Immun. 69, 6348-6363.
    • (2001) Infect. Immun. , vol.69 , pp. 6348-6363
    • Tullius, M.V.1    Harth, G.2    Horwitz, M.A.3
  • 28
    • 0035159923 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glutamate synthase of Corynebacterium glutamicum is not essential for glutamate synthesis and is regulated by the nitrogen status
    • Beckers, G., Nolden, L., and Burkovski, A. (2001) Glutamate synthase of Corynebacterium glutamicum is not essential for glutamate synthesis and is regulated by the nitrogen status. Microbiology 147, 2961-2970. (Pubitemid 33076985)
    • (2001) Microbiology , vol.147 , Issue.11 , pp. 2961-2970
    • Beckers, G.1    Nolden, L.2    Burkovski, A.3
  • 29
    • 0037221028 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of Mycobacterium tuberculosis glutamine synthetase as a novel antibiotic strategy against tuberculosis: Demonstration of efficacy in vivo
    • Harth, G. and Horwitz, M. A. (2003) Inhibition of Mycobacterium tuberculosis glutamine synthetase as a novel antibiotic strategy against tuberculosis: demonstration of efficacy in vivo. Infect. Immun. 71, 456-464.
    • (2003) Infect. Immun. , vol.71 , pp. 456-464
    • Harth, G.1    Horwitz, M.A.2
  • 30
    • 0036430005 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The GlnD and GlnK homologues of Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) are functionally dissimilar to their nitrogen regulatory system counterparts from enteric bacteria
    • Hesketh, A., Fink, D., Gust, B., Rexer, H. U., Scheel, B., Chater, K., Wohlleben, W., and Engels, A. (2002) The GlnD and GlnK homologues of Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) are functionally dissimilar to their nitrogen regulatory system counterparts from enteric bacteria. Mol. Microbiol. 46, 319-330.
    • (2002) Mol. Microbiol. , vol.46 , pp. 319-330
    • Hesketh, A.1    Fink, D.2    Gust, B.3    Rexer, H.U.4    Scheel, B.5    Chater, K.6    Wohlleben, W.7    Engels, A.8
  • 31
    • 0030928121 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expression and efficient export of enzymatically active Mycobacterium tuberculosis glutamine synthetase in Mycobacterium smegmatis and evidence that the information for export is contained within the protein
    • Harth, G. and Horwitz, M. A. (1997) Expression and efficient export of enzymatically active Mycobacterium tuberculosis glutamine synthetase in Mycobacterium smegmatis and evidence that the information for export is contained within the protein. J. Biol. Chem. 272, 22728-22735.
    • (1997) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.272 , pp. 22728-22735
    • Harth, G.1    Horwitz, M.A.2
  • 32
    • 0032530304 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enzymological characterization of the signal-transducing uridylyltransferase/uridylyl-removing enzyme (EC 2.7.7.59) of Escherichia coli and its interaction with the PII protein
    • DOI 10.1021/bi980667m
    • Jiang, P., Peliska, J. A., and Ninfa, A. J. (1998) Enzymological characterization of the signal-transducing uridylyltransferase/uridylyl-removing enzyme (EC 2.7.7.59) of Escherichia coli and its interaction with the PII protein. Biochemistry 37, 12782-12794. (Pubitemid 28433509)
    • (1998) Biochemistry , vol.37 , Issue.37 , pp. 12782-12794
    • Jiang, P.1    Peliska, J.A.2    Ninfa, A.J.3
  • 33
    • 0345129980 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nitrogen regulation in Corynebacterium glutamicum: Isolation of genes involved and biochemical characterization of corresponding proteins
    • Jakoby, M., Kramer, R., and Burkovski, A. (1999) Nitrogen regulation in Corynebacterium glutamicum: isolation of genes involved and biochemical characterization of corresponding proteins. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 173, 303-310.
    • (1999) FEMS Microbiol. Lett. , vol.173 , pp. 303-310
    • Jakoby, M.1    Kramer, R.2    Burkovski, A.3
  • 34
    • 34250760897 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of GlnD in ammonia assimilation in Mycobacterium tuberculosis
    • Read, R., Pashley, C. A., Smith, D., and Parish, T. (2007) The role of GlnD in ammonia assimilation in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Tuberc. (Edinb.) 87, 384-390.
    • (2007) Tuberc. (Edinb.) , vol.87 , pp. 384-390
    • Read, R.1    Pashley, C.A.2    Smith, D.3    Parish, T.4
  • 35
    • 26944466128 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulation of AmtR-controlled gene expression in Corynebacterium glutamicum: Mechanism and characterization of the AmtR regulon
    • Beckers, G., Strosser, J., Hildebrandt, U., Kalinowski, J., Farwick, M., Kramer, R., and Burkovski, A. (2005) Regulation of AmtR-controlled gene expression in Corynebacterium glutamicum: mechanism and characterization of the AmtR regulon. Mol. Microbiol. 58, 580-595.
    • (2005) Mol. Microbiol. , vol.58 , pp. 580-595
    • Beckers, G.1    Strosser, J.2    Hildebrandt, U.3    Kalinowski, J.4    Farwick, M.5    Kramer, R.6    Burkovski, A.7
  • 36
    • 0035726152 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sensing nitrogen limitation in Corynebacterium glutamicum: The role of glnK and glnD
    • Nolden, L., Ngouoto-Nkili, C. E., Bendt, A. K., Kramer, R., and Burkovski, A. (2001) Sensing nitrogen limitation in Corynebacterium glutamicum: the role of glnK and glnD. Mol. Microbiol. 42, 1281-1295.
    • (2001) Mol. Microbiol. , vol.42 , pp. 1281-1295
    • Nolden, L.1    Ngouoto-Nkili, C.E.2    Bendt, A.K.3    Kramer, R.4    Burkovski, A.5
  • 37
    • 15744405123 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PII signal transduction proteins: Sensors of alpha-ketoglutarate that regulate nitrogen metabolism
    • Ninfa, A. J. and Jiang, P. (2005) PII signal transduction proteins: sensors of alpha-ketoglutarate that regulate nitrogen metabolism. Curr. Opin. Microbiol. 8, 168-173.
    • (2005) Curr. Opin. Microbiol. , vol.8 , pp. 168-173
    • Ninfa, A.J.1    Jiang, P.2
  • 38
    • 33750321769 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mutation-induced metabolite pool alterations in Corynebacterium glutamicum: Towards the identification of nitrogen control signals
    • DOI 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2006.05.015, PII S0168165606004718
    • Muller, T., Strosser, J., Buchinger, S., Nolden, L., Wirtz, A., Kramer, R., and Burkovski, A. (2006) Mutation-induced metabolite pool alterations in Corynebacterium glutamicum: towards the identification of nitrogen control signals. J. Biotechnol. 126, 440-453. (Pubitemid 44634822)
    • (2006) Journal of Biotechnology , vol.126 , Issue.4 , pp. 440-453
    • Muller, T.1    Strosser, J.2    Buchinger, S.3    Nolden, L.4    Wirtz, A.5    Kramer, R.6    Burkovski, A.7
  • 39
    • 33947277700 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nitrogen control in Corynebacterium glutamicum: Proteins, mechanisms, signals
    • Burkovski, A. (2007) Nitrogen control in Corynebacterium glutamicum: proteins, mechanisms, signals. J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 17, 187-194.
    • (2007) J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. , vol.17 , pp. 187-194
    • Burkovski, A.1
  • 40
    • 0027960507 scopus 로고
    • What type of glutamine synthetase is important forStreptomyces coelicolor A3(2) under nitrogen-limited growth conditions?
    • Nguyen, K., Nguyen, L., and Behal, V. (1994) What type of glutamine synthetase is important forStreptomyces coelicolor A3(2) under nitrogen-limited growth conditions? Biotechnol. Lett. 16, 1027-1030.
    • (1994) Biotechnol. Lett. , vol.16 , pp. 1027-1030
    • Nguyen, K.1    Nguyen, L.2    Behal, V.3
  • 41
    • 0025824741 scopus 로고
    • Identification and cloning of the glnR locus, which is required for transcription of the glnA gene in Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2)
    • Wray, L. V., Jr., Atkinson, M. R., and Fisher, S. H. (1991) Identification and cloning of the glnR locus, which is required for transcription of the glnA gene in Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2). J. Bacteriol. 173, 7351-7360.
    • (1991) J. Bacteriol. , vol.173 , pp. 7351-7360
    • Wray Jr., L.V.1    Atkinson, M.R.2    Fisher, S.H.3
  • 42
    • 38449097896 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Streptomyces coelicolor GlnR regulon: Identification of new GlnR targets and evidence for a central role of GlnR in nitrogen metabolism in actinomycetes
    • Tiffert, Y., Supra, P., Wurm, R., Wohlleben, W., Wagner, R., and Reuther, J. (2008) The Streptomyces coelicolor GlnR regulon: identification of new GlnR targets and evidence for a central role of GlnR in nitrogen metabolism in actinomycetes. Mol. Microbiol. 67, 861-880.
    • (2008) Mol. Microbiol. , vol.67 , pp. 861-880
    • Tiffert, Y.1    Supra, P.2    Wurm, R.3    Wohlleben, W.4    Wagner, R.5    Reuther, J.6
  • 43
    • 0029989297 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functional and genetic characterization of the (methyl)ammonium uptake carrier of Corynebacterium glutamicum
    • Siewe, R. M., Weil, B., Burkovski, A., Eikmanns, B. J., Eikmanns, M., and Kramer, R. (1996) Functional and genetic characterization of the (methyl)ammonium uptake carrier of Corynebacterium glutamicum. J. Biol. Chem. 271, 5398-5403.
    • (1996) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.271 , pp. 5398-5403
    • Siewe, R.M.1    Weil, B.2    Burkovski, A.3    Eikmanns, B.J.4    Eikmanns, M.5    Kramer, R.6
  • 44
    • 24944447884 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DNA microarray analysis of the nitrogen starvation response of Corynebacterium glutamicum
    • DOI 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2005.04.007, PII S0168165605001847
    • Silberbach, M., Huser, A., Kalinowski, J., Puhler, A., Walter, B., Kramer, R., and Burkovski, A. (2005) DNA microarray analysis of the nitrogen starvation response of Corynebacterium glutamicum. J. Biotechnol. 119, 357-367. (Pubitemid 41330754)
    • (2005) Journal of Biotechnology , vol.119 , Issue.4 , pp. 357-367
    • Silberbach, M.1    Huser, A.2    Kalinowski, J.3    Puhler, A.4    Walter, B.5    Kramer, R.6    Burkovski, A.7
  • 45
    • 0033519232 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An inhibitor of exported Mycobacterium tuberculosis glutamine synthetase selectively blocks the growth of pathogenic mycobacteria in axenic culture and in human monocytes: Extracellular proteins as potential novel drug targets
    • Harth, G. and Horwitz, M. A. (1999) An inhibitor of exported Mycobacterium tuberculosis glutamine synthetase selectively blocks the growth of pathogenic mycobacteria in axenic culture and in human monocytes: extracellular proteins as potential novel drug targets. J. Exp. Med. 189, 1425-1436.
    • (1999) J. Exp. Med. , vol.189 , pp. 1425-1436
    • Harth, G.1    Horwitz, M.A.2
  • 46
    • 0034602726 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of Mycobacterium tuberculosis with antisense oligonucleotides to glutamine synthetase mRNA inhibits glutamine synthetase activity, formation of the poly-L-glutamate/glutamine cell wall structure, and bacterial replication
    • Harth, G., Zamecnik, P. C., Tang, J. Y., Tabatadze, D., and Horwitz, M. A. (2000) Treatment of Mycobacterium tuberculosis with antisense oligonucleotides to glutamine synthetase mRNA inhibits glutamine synthetase activity, formation of the poly-L-glutamate/glutamine cell wall structure, and bacterial replication. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 97, 418-423.
    • (2000) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.97 , pp. 418-423
    • Harth, G.1    Zamecnik, P.C.2    Tang, J.Y.3    Tabatadze, D.4    Horwitz, M.A.5
  • 47
    • 0017804058 scopus 로고
    • Differential inhibition of glutamine and gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetases by alpha-alkyl analogs of methionine sulfoximine that induce convulsions
    • Griffith, O. W. and Meister, A. (1978) Differential inhibition of glutamine and gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetases by alpha-alkyl analogs of methionine sulfoximine that induce convulsions. J. Biol. Chem. 253, 2333-2338.
    • (1978) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.253 , pp. 2333-2338
    • Griffith, O.W.1    Meister, A.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.