Chapter 1 Capsular Polysaccharides in Escherichia coli

Advances in Applied Microbiology

Volumn 65, Issue , 2008, Pages 1-26

  Corbett, David ^a   Roberts, Ian S ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MANCHESTER   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BACTERIAL DNA; BACTERIAL POLYSACCHARIDE; BACTERIAL PROTEIN; K ANTIGEN; LIPID A; MESSENGER RNA; O ANTIGEN; RNA POLYMERASE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; COLANIC ACID; POLYSACCHARIDE;

BACTERIAL GENE; BACTERIAL MEMBRANE; CARBOHYDRATE SYNTHESIS; ESCHERICHIA COLI; GENE CLUSTER; GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION; GENE LOCUS; HYDROPHILICITY; NONHUMAN; REVIEW; BIOSYNTHESIS; GENETICS; METABOLISM; PHYSIOLOGY;

ESCHERICHIA COLI;

BACTERIAL CAPSULES; ESCHERICHIA COLI; GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION, BACTERIAL; POLYSACCHARIDES; POLYSACCHARIDES, BACTERIAL;

EID: 56149120374     PISSN: 00652164     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1016/S0065-2164(08)00601-1     Document Type: Chapter

References (90)

1. Andreishcheva E.N., and Vann W.F. Gene products required for de novo synthesis of polysialic acid in Escherichia coli K1. J. Bacteriol. 188 (2006) 1786-1797
2. Arrecubieta C., Hammarton T.C., Barrett B., Chareonsudjai S., Hodson N., Rainey D., and Roberts I.S. The transport of group 2 capsular polysaccharides across the periplasmic space in Escherichia coli. Roles for the KpsE and KpsD proteins. J. Biol. Chem. 276 (2001) 4245-4250
3. Artsimovitch I., and Landick R. The transcriptional regulator RfaH stimulates RNA chain synthesis after recruitment to elongation complexes by the exposed nontemplate DNA strand. Cell 109 (2002) 193-203
4. Bailey M.J., Hughes C., and Koronakis V. RfaH and the ops element, components of a novel system controlling bacterial transcription elongation. Mol. Microbiol. 26 (1997) 845-851
5. Bailey M.J., Hughes C., and Koronakis V. In vitro recruitment of the RfaH regulatory protein into a specialised transcription complex, directed by the nucleic acid ops element. Mol. Gen. Genet. 262 (2000) 1052-1059
6. Bayer M.E. Zones of membrane adhesion in the cryofixed envelope of Escherichia coli. J. Struct. Biol. 107 (1991) 268-280
7. Bayer M.E., and Thurow H. Polysaccharide capsule of Escherichia coli: microscope study of its size, structure, and sites of synthesis. J. Bacteriol. 130 (1977) 911-936
8. Beis K., Collins R.F., Ford R.C., Kamis A.B., Whitfield C., and Naismith J.H. Three-dimensional structure of Wza, the protein required for translocation of group 1 capsular polysaccharide across the outer membrane of Escherichia coli. J. Biol. Chem. 279 (2004) 28227-28232
9. Blattner F.R., Plunkett G., Bloch C.A., Perna N.T., Burland V., Riley M., Collado-Vides J., Glasner J.D., Rode C.K., Mayhew G.F., Gregor J., Davis N.W., et al. The complete genome sequence of Escherichia coli K-12. Science 277 (1997) 1453-1474
10. Bliss J.M., and Silver R.P. Coating the surface: A model for expression of capsular polysialic acid in Escherichia coli K1. Mol. Microbiol. 21 (1996) 221-231
11. Boulnois G.J., and Jann K. Bacterial polysaccharide capsule synthesis, export and evolution of structural diversity. Mol. Microbiol. 3 (1989) 1819-1823
12. Bronner D., Sieberth V., Pazzani C., Roberts I.S., Boulnois G.J., Jann B., and Jann K. Expression of the capsular K5 polysaccharide of Escherichia coli: Biochemical and electron microscopic analyses of mutants with defects in region 1 of the K5 gene cluster. J. Bacteriol. 175 (1993) 5984-5992
13. Burns S.M., and Hull S.I. Comparison of loss of serum resistance by defined lipopolysaccharide mutants and an acapsular mutant of uropathogenic Escherichia coli O75:K5. Infect. Immun. 66 (1998) 4244-4253
14. Burns S.M., and Hull S.I. Loss of resistance to ingestion and phagocytic killing by O- and K-mutants of a uropathogenic Escherichia coli O75:K5 Strain. Infect. Immun. 67 (1999) 3757-3762
15. Ciampi M.S. Rho-dependent terminators and transcription termination. Microbiology 152 (2006) 2515-2528
16. Cieslewicz M., and Vimr E. Thermoregulation of kpsF, the first region 1 gene in the kps locus for polysialic acid biosynthesis in Escherichia coli K1. J. Bacteriol. 178 (1996) 3212-3220
17. Cieslewicz M., and Vimr E. Reduced polysialic acid capsule expression in Escherichia coli K1 mutants with chromosomal defects in kpsF. Mol. Microbiol. 26 (1997) 237-249
18. Clarke B.R., Pearce R., and Roberts I.S. Genetic organization of the Escherichia coli K10 capsule gene cluster: Identification and characterization of two conserved regions in group III capsule gene clusters encoding polysaccharide transport functions. J. Bacteriol. 181 (1999) 2279-2285
19. Collins R.F., Beis K., Dong C., Botting C.H., McDonnell C., Ford R.C., Clarke B.R., Whitfield C., and Naismith J.H. The 3D structure of a periplasm-spanning platform required for assembly of Group 1 capsular polysaccharides in Escherichia coli. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 104 (2007) 2390-2395
20. Corbett D., Bennett H., Askar H., Green J., and Roberts I.S. SlyA and H-NS regulate transcription of the Escherichia coli K5 capsule gene cluster and expression of slyA in Escherichia coli is temperature dependent, positively autoregulated and independent of H-NS. J. Biol. Chem. 282 (2007) 33326-33335
21. Cywes C., and Wessels M.R. Group A Streptococcus tissue invasion by CD44-mediated cell signalling. Nature 414 (2001) 648-652
22. Dame R.T., Wyman C., and Goosen N. Structural basis for preferential binding of H-NS to curved DNA. Biochimie 83 (2001) 231-234
23. Dodgson C., Amor P., and Whitfield C. Distribution of the rol gene encoding the regulator of lipopolysaccharide O-chain length in Escherichia coli and its influence on the expression of group I capsular K antigens. J. Bacteriol. 178 (1996) 1895-1902
24. Dong C., Beis K., Nesper J., Brunkan-Lamontagne A.L., Clarke B.R., Whitfield C., and Naismith J.H. Wza the translocon for E. coli capsular polysaccharides defines a new class of membrane protein. Nature 444 (2006) 226-229
25. Drummelsmith J., and Whitfield C. Gene products required for surface expression of the capsular form of the Group 1 K antigen in Escherichia coli (O9a:K30). Mol. Microbiol. 31 (1999) 1321-1332
26. Drummelsmith J., and Whitfield C. Translocation of Group 1 capsular polysaccharide to the surface of Escherichia coli requires a multimeric complex in the outer membrane. EMBO J. 19 (2000) 57-66
27. Ebah L., and Roberts I.S. Regulation of the Escherichia coli K5 capsule gene cluster during biofilm development. In: Gilbert P., Allison D., Brading M., Verran J., and Walker J. (Eds). Biofilm Community Interactions: Chance or Necessity (2001), BioLine, Gregynog Hall, Powys, Wales 211-219
28. Finke A., Bronner D., Nikolaev A.V., Jann B., and Jann K. Biosynthesis of the Escherichia coli K5 polysaccharide, a representative of group II capsular polysaccharides: Polymerization in vitro and characterization of the product. J. Bacteriol. 173 (1991) 4088-4094
29. Frosch M., Edwards U., Bousset K., Krausse B., and Weisgerber C. Evidence for a common molecular origin of the capsule gene loci in gram-negative bacteria expressing group II capsular polysaccharides. Mol. Microbiol. 5 (1991) 1251-1263
30. Gottesman S., and Stout V. Regulation of capsular polysaccharide synthesis in Escherichia coli K12. Mol. Microbiol. 5 (1991) 1599-1606
31. Grant A.J., Farris M., Alefounder P., Williams P.H., Woodward M.J., and O'Connor C.D. Co-ordination of pathogenicity island expression by the BipA GTPase in enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC). Mol. Microbiol. 48 (2003) 507-521
32. Griffiths G., Cook N.J., Gottfridson E., Lind T., Lidholt K., and Roberts I.S. Characterization of the glycosyltransferase enzyme from the Escherichia coli K5 capsule gene cluster and identification and characterization of the glucuronyl active site. J. Biol. Chem. 273 (1998) 11752-11757
33. Hobbs M., and Reeves P.R. The JUMPstart sequence: A 39bp element common to several polysaccharide gene clusters. Mol. Microbiol. 12 (1994) 855-856
34. Hodson N., Griffiths G., Cook N., Pourhossein M., Gottfridson E., Lind T., Lidholt K., and Roberts I.S. Identification that KfiA, a protein essential for the biosynthesis of the Escherichia coli K5 capsular polysaccharide, is an alpha -UDP-GlcNAc glycosyltransferase. The formation of a membrane-associated K5 biosynthetic complex requires KfiA, KfiB, and KfiC. J. Biol. Chem. 275 (2000) 27311-27315
35. Jann K., and Jann B. Capsules of Escherichia coli. In: Sussman M. (Ed). Escherichia coli Mechanisms of Virulence (1997), The Press Syndicate of the University of Cambridge, Cambridge 113-144
36. Jayaratne P., Keenleyside W.J., MacLachlan P.R., Dodgson C., and Whitfield C. Characterization of rcsB and rcsC from Escherichia coli O9:K30:H12 and examination of the role of the rcs regulatory system in expression of group I capsular polysaccharides. J. Bacteriol. 175 (1993) 5384-5394
37. Kaijser B., and Jodal U. Escherichia coli K5 antigen in relation to various infections and in healthy individuals. J. Clin. Microbiol. 19 (1984) 264-266
38. Keenleyside W.J., Jayaratne P., MacLachlan P.R., and Whitfield C. The rcsA gene of Escherichia coli O9:K30:H12 is involved in the expression of the serotype-specific Group I K (capsular) antigen. J. Bacteriol. 174 (1992) 8-16
39. Keenleyside W.J., Bronner D., Jann K., Jann B., and Whitfield C. Coexpression of colanic acid and serotype-specific capsular polysaccharides in Escherichia coli strains with Group II K antigens. J. Bacteriol. 175 (1993) 6725-6730
40. Kim K.J., Elliott S.J., Di Cello F., Stins M.F., and Kim K.S. The K1 capsule modulates trafficking of E. coli-containing vacuoles and enhances intracellular bacterial survival in human brain microvascular endothelial cells. Cell Microbiol. 5 (2003) 245-252
41. Lithgow J.K., Haider F., Roberts I.S., and Green J. Alternate SlyA and H-NS nucleoprotein complexes control hlyE expression in Escherichia coli K-12. Mol. Microbiol. 66 (2007) 685-698
42. Majdalani N., and Gottesman S. The Rcs phosphorelay: A complex signal transduction system. Annu. Rev. Microbiol. 59 (2005) 379-405
43. McNulty C., Thompson J., Barrett B., Lord L., Andersen C., and Roberts I.S. The cell surface expression of group 2 capsular polysaccharides in Escherichia coli: The role of KpsD, RhsA and a multiprotein complex at the pole of the cell. Mol. Microbiol. 59 (2006) 907-922
44. Meredith T.C., and Woodard R.W. Characterization of Escherichia colid-arabinose 5-phosphate isomerase encoded by kpsF: Implications for group 2 capsule biosynthesis. Biochem. J. 395 (2006) 427-432
45. Munoz R., Garcia E., and Lopez R. Evidence for horizontal transfer from Streptococcus to Escherichia coli of the kfiD gene encoding the K5-specific UDP-glucose dehydrogenase. J. Mol. Evol. 46 (1998) 432-436
46. Nesper J., Hill C.M., Paiment A., Harauz G., Beis K., Naismith J.H., and Whitfield C. Translocation of group 1 capsular polysaccharide in Escherichia coli serotype K30. Structural and functional analysis of the outer membrane lipoprotein Wza. J. Biol. Chem. 278 (2003) 49763-49772
47. Nieto J.M., Bailey M.J., Hughes C., and Koronakis V. Suppression of transcription polarity in the Escherichia coli haemolysin operon by a short upstream element shared by polysaccharide and DNA transfer determinants. Mol. Microbiol. 19 (1996) 705-713
48. Nsahlai C.J., and Silver R.P. Purification and characterization of KpsT, the ATP-binding component of the ABC-capsule exporter of Escherichia coli K1. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 224 (2003) 113-118
49. Ophir T., and Gutnick D. A role for exopolysaccharides in the protection of microorganisms from desiccation. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 60 (1994) 740-745
50. Paiment A., Hocking J., and Whitfield C. Impact of phosphorylation of specific residues in the tyrosine autokinase, Wzc, on its activity in assembly of group 1 capsules in Escherichia coli. J. Bacteriol. 184 (2002) 6437-6447
51. Paulsen I.T., Beness A.M., and Saier M.H. Computer-based analyses of the protein constituents of transport systems catalysing export of complex carbohydrates in bacteria. Microbiology 143 (1997) 2685-2699
52. Pavelka M.S., Hayes S.F., and Silver R.P. Characterization of KpsT, the ATP-binding component of the ABC-transporter involved with the export of capsular polysialic acid in Escherichia coli K1. J. Biol. Chem. 269 (1994) 20149-20158
53. Pearce R., and Roberts I.S. Cloning and analysis of gene clusters for production of the Escherichia coli K10 and K54 antigens: Identification of a new group of serA-linked capsule gene clusters. J. Bacteriol. 177 (1995) 3992-3997
54. Peleg A., Shifrin Y., Ilan O., Nadler-Yona C., Nov S., Koby S., Baruch K., Altuvia S., Elgrably-Weiss M., Abe C.M., Knutton S., Saper M.A., et al. Identification of an Escherichia coli operon required for formation of the O-antigen capsule. J. Bacteriol. 187 (2005) 5259-5266
55. Petit C., Rigg G.P., Pazzani C., Smith A., Sieberth V., Stevens M., Boulnois G.J., Jann K., and Roberts I.S. Region 2 of the Escherichia coli K5 capsule gene cluster encoding proteins for the biosynthesis of the K5 polysaccharide. Mol. Microbiol. 17 (1995) 611-620
56. Pigeon R.P., and Silver R.P. Analysis of the G93E mutant allele of KpsM, the membrane component of an ABC transporter involved in polysialic acid translocation in Escherichia coli K1. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 156 (1997) 217-222
57. Priem B., Gilbert M., Wakarchuk W.W., Heyraud A., and Samain E. A new fermentation process allows large scale production of human milk oligosaccharides by metabolically engineered bacteria. Glycobiology 12 (2002) 235-240
58. Rahn A., and Whitfield C. Transcriptional organization and regulation of the Escherichia coli K30 group 1 capsule biosynthesis (cps) gene cluster. Mol. Microbiol. 47 (2003) 1045-1060
59. Rahn A., Drummelsmith J., and Whitfield C. Conserved organization in the cps gene clusters for expression of Escherichia coli group 1 K antigens: Relationship to the colanic acid biosynthesis locus and the cps genes from Klebsiella pneumoniae. J. Bacteriol. 181 (1999) 2307-2313
60. Rahn A., Beis K., Naismith J.H., and Whitfield C. A novel outer membrane protein, Wzi, is involved in surface assembly of the Escherichia coli K30 group 1 capsule. J. Bacteriol. 185 (2003) 5882-5890
61. Rigg G.P., Barrett B., and Roberts I.S. The localization of KpsC, S and T, and KfiA, C and D proteins involved in the biosynthesis of the Escherichia coli K5 capsular polysaccharide: Evidence for a membrane-bound complex. Microbiology 144 (1998) 2905-2914
62. Roberts I.S. The biochemistry and genetics of capsular polysaccharide production in bacteria. Annu. Rev. Microbiol. 50 (1996) 285-315
63. Roberts I.S. Transcriptional organisation and regulation of E. coli Group 2 capsule expression. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 485 (2000) 95-101
64. Roman E., Roberts I.S., Lidholt K., and Kusche-Gullberg M. Overexpression of UDP-glucose dehydrogenase in Escherichia coli results in decreased biosynthesis of K5 polysaccharide. Biochem. J. 374 (2003) 767-772
65. Rosenow C., Esumeh F., Roberts I.S., and Jann K. Characterization and localization of the KpsE protein of Escherichia coli K5, which is involved in polysaccharide export. J. Bacteriol. 177 (1995) 1137-1143
66. Rosenow C., Roberts I.S., and Jann K. Isolation from recombinant Escherichia coli and characterization of CMP-Kdo synthetase, involved in the expression of the capsular K5 polysaccharide (K-CKS). FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 125 (1995) 159-164
67. Rowe S., Hodson N., Griffiths G., and Roberts I.S. Regulation of the Escherichia coli K5 capsule gene cluster: Evidence for the roles of H-NS, BipA, and integration host factor in regulation of Group 2 capsule gene clusters in pathogenic E. coli. J. Bacteriol. 182 (2000) 2741-2745
68. Russo T.A., Wenderoth S., Carlino U.B., Merrick J.M., and Lesse A.J. Identification, genomic organization, and analysis of the Group III capsular polysaccharide genes kpsD, kpsM, kpsT, and kpsE from an extraintestinal isolate of Escherichia coli (CP9, O4/K54/H5). J. Bacteriol. 180 (1998) 338-349
69. Samain E., Chazalet V., and Geremia R.A. Production of O-acetylated and sulphated chito-oligosaccharides by recombinant Escherichia coli strains harbouring different combinations of nod genes. J. Biotechnol. 72 (1999) 33-47
70. Saxena I.M., Brown R.M., Fevre M., Geremia R.J., and Henrissat B. Multidomain architecture of beta-glycosyl transferases: Implications for mechanism of action. J. Bacteriol. 177 (1995) 1419-1424
71. Schlor S., Schmidt A., Maier E., Benz R., Goebel W., and Gentschev I. In vivo and in vitro studies on interactions between the components of the hemolysin (HlyA) secretion machinery of Escherichia coli. Mol. Gen. Genet. 256 (1997) 306-319
72. Schwan W.R., Beck M.T., Hultgren S.J., Pinkner J., Woolever N.L., and Larson T. Down-regulation of the kps region 1 capsular assembly operon following attachment of Escherichia coli type 1 fimbriae to d-mannose receptors. Infect. Immun. 73 (2005) 1226-1231
73. Sieberth V., Rigg G.P., Roberts I.S., and Jann K. Expression and characterization of UDPGlc dehydrogenase (KfiD), which is encoded in the type-specific region 2 of the Escherichia coli K5 capsule genes. J. Bacteriol. 177 (1995) 4562-4565
74. Silver R.P., Prior K., Nsahlai C., and Wright L.F. ABC transporters and the export of capsular polysaccharides from gram-negative bacteria. Res. Microbiol. 152 (2001) 357-364
75. Simpson D.A., Hammarton T.C., and Roberts I.S. Transcriptional organization and regulation of expression of region 1 of the Escherichia coli K5 capsule gene cluster. J. Bacteriol. 178 (1996) 6466-6474
76. Sledjeski D.D., and Gottesman S. Osmotic shock induction of capsule synthesis in Escherichia coli K-12. J. Bacteriol. 178 (1996) 1204-1206
77. Stevens M.P., Hanfling P., Jann B., Jann K., and Roberts I.S. Regulation of Escherichia coli K5 capsular polysaccharide expression: Evidence for involvement of RfaH in the expression of Group II capsules. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 124 (1994) 93-98
78. Stevens M.P., Clarke B.R., and Roberts I.S. Regulation of the Escherichia coli K5 capsule gene cluster by transcription antitermination. Mol. Microbiol. 24 (1997) 1001-1012
79. Stock A.M., Robinson V.L., and Goudreau P.N. Two-component signal transduction. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 69 (2000) 183-215
80. Takeda S., Fujisawa Y., Matsubara M., Aiba H., and Mizuno T. A novel feature of the multistep phosphorelay in Escherichia coli: A revised model of the RcsC -->YojN --> RcsB signalling pathway implicated in capsular synthesis and swarming behaviour. Mol. Microbiol. 40 (2001) 440-450
81. Thanabalu T., Koronakis E., Hughes C., and Koronakis V. Substrate-induced assembly of a contiguous channel for protein export from E.coli: Reversible bridging of an inner-membrane translocase to an outer membrane exit pore. EMBO J. 17 (1998) 6487-6496
82. Tippner D., Afflerbach H., Bradaczek C., and Wagner R. Evidence for a regulatory function of the histone-like Escherichia coli protein H-NS in ribosomal RNA synthesis. Mol. Microbiol. 11 (1994) 589-604
83. Tupper A.E., Owen-Hughes T.A., Ussery D.W., Santos D.S., Ferguson D.J., Sidebotham J.M., Hinton J.C., and Higgins C.F. The chromatin-associated protein H-NS alters DNA topology in vitro. EMBO J. 13 (1994) 258-268
84. Tzeng Y.L., Datta A., Strole C., Kolli V.S., Birck M.R., Taylor W.P., Carlson R.W., Woodard R.W., and Stephens D.S. KpsF is the arabinose-5-phosphate isomerase required for 3-deoxy-d-manno-octulosonic acid biosynthesis and for both lipooligosaccharide assembly and capsular polysaccharide expression in Neisseria meningitidis. J. Biol. Chem. 277 (2002) 24103-24113
85. Wang Y.D., Zhao S., and Hill C.W. Rhs elements comprise three subfamilies which diverged prior to acquisition by Escherichia coli. J. Bacteriol. 180 (1998) 4102-4110
86. Wehland M., and Bernhard F. The RcsAB box. Characterization of a new operator essential for the regulation of exopolysaccharide biosynthesis in enteric bacteria. J. Biol. Chem. 275 (2000) 7013-7020
87. Whitfield C. Biosynthesis and assembly of capsular polysaccharides in Escherichia coli. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 75 (2006) 39-68
88. Whitfield C., and Roberts I.S. Structure, assembly and regulation of expression of capsules in Escherichia coli. Mol. Microbiol. 31 (1999) 1307-1319
89. Wugeditsch T., Paiment A., Hocking J., Drummelsmith J., Forrester C., and Whitfield C. Phosphorylation of Wzc, a tyrosine autokinase, is essential for assembly of Group 1 capsular polysaccharides in Escherichia coli. J. Biol. Chem. 276 (2001) 2361-2371
90. Yavuz E., Drouillard S., Samain E., Roberts I.S., and Priem B. Glucuronylation in Escherichia coli for the bacterial synthesis of the carbohydrate moiety of nonsulphated HNK-1. Glycobiology 18 (2008) 152-157