메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 46, Issue 3, 2008, Pages 55-73

Loss of effective connectivity during general anesthesia

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

4 AMINOBUTYRIC ACID; ANESTHETIC AGENT; KETAMINE; MIDAZOLAM; NICOTINE; NICOTINIC AGENT; NICOTINIC RECEPTOR; POTASSIUM CHANNEL; PROPOFOL; SEVOFLURANE; THIOPENTAL;

EID: 53449088283     PISSN: 00205907     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/AIA.0b013e3181755dc6     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (43)

References (74)
  • 1
    • 0028843074 scopus 로고
    • Cerebral metabolism during propofol anesthesia in humans studied with positron emission tomography
    • discussion 27A
    • Alkire MT, Haier RJ, Barker SJ, et al. Cerebral metabolism during propofol anesthesia in humans studied with positron emission tomography. Anesthesiology. 1995;82:393-403; discussion 27A.
    • (1995) Anesthesiology , vol.82 , pp. 393-403
    • Alkire, M.T.1    Haier, R.J.2    Barker, S.J.3
  • 2
    • 28044456070 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of anesthetics on brain activity and cognitive function
    • Heinke W, Koelsch S. The effects of anesthetics on brain activity and cognitive function. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol. 2005;18:625-631.
    • (2005) Curr Opin Anaesthesiol , vol.18 , pp. 625-631
    • Heinke, W.1    Koelsch, S.2
  • 3
    • 21744458444 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Attenuated brain response to auditory word stimulation with sevoflurane: A functional magnetic resonance imaging study in humans
    • Kerssens C, Hamann S, Peltier S, et al. Attenuated brain response to auditory word stimulation with sevoflurane: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study in humans. Anesthesiology. 2005;103:11-19.
    • (2005) Anesthesiology , vol.103 , pp. 11-19
    • Kerssens, C.1    Hamann, S.2    Peltier, S.3
  • 4
    • 33645517294 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cortical processing of complex auditory stimuli during alterations of consciousness with the general anesthetic propofol
    • Plourde G, Belin P, Chartrand D, et al. Cortical processing of complex auditory stimuli during alterations of consciousness with the general anesthetic propofol. Anesthesiology. 2006;104:448-457.
    • (2006) Anesthesiology , vol.104 , pp. 448-457
    • Plourde, G.1    Belin, P.2    Chartrand, D.3
  • 5
    • 4344705249 scopus 로고
    • Statistical parametric maps in functional imaging: A general linear approach
    • Friston KJ, Holmes AP, Worsley KJ, et al. Statistical parametric maps in functional imaging: a general linear approach. Hum Brain Mapp. 1995;2:189-210.
    • (1995) Hum Brain Mapp , vol.2 , pp. 189-210
    • Friston, K.J.1    Holmes, A.P.2    Worsley, K.J.3
  • 6
    • 0028190347 scopus 로고
    • Functional and effective connectivity in neuroimaging: A synthesis
    • Friston KJ. Functional and effective connectivity in neuroimaging: a synthesis. Hum Brain Mapp. 1995;2:56-78.
    • (1995) Hum Brain Mapp , vol.2 , pp. 56-78
    • Friston, K.J.1
  • 7
    • 0030702009 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Psychophysiological and modulatory interactions in neuroimaging
    • Friston KJ, Büchel C, Fink GR, et al. Psychophysiological and modulatory interactions in neuroimaging. NeuroImage. 1997;6:218-229.
    • (1997) NeuroImage , vol.6 , pp. 218-229
    • Friston, K.J.1    Büchel, C.2    Fink, G.R.3
  • 8
    • 0033182750 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mapping cognition to the brain through neural interactions
    • McIntosh AR. Mapping cognition to the brain through neural interactions. Memory. 1999;7:523-548.
    • (1999) Memory , vol.7 , pp. 523-548
    • McIntosh, A.R.1
  • 9
    • 0028312413 scopus 로고
    • Structural equation modeling and its application to network analysis in functional brain imaging
    • McIntosh AR, Gonzalez-Lima F. Structural equation modeling and its application to network analysis in functional brain imaging. Hum Brain Mapp. 1994;2:2-22.
    • (1994) Hum Brain Mapp , vol.2 , pp. 2-22
    • McIntosh, A.R.1    Gonzalez-Lima, F.2
  • 10
    • 0028044967 scopus 로고
    • Network analysis of cortical visual pathways mapped with PET
    • McIntosh AR, Grady CL, Ungerleider LG, et al. Network analysis of cortical visual pathways mapped with PET. J Neurosci. 1994;14:655-666.
    • (1994) J Neurosci , vol.14 , pp. 655-666
    • McIntosh, A.R.1    Grady, C.L.2    Ungerleider, L.G.3
  • 11
    • 7044249748 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Partial least squares analysis of neuroimaging data: Applications and advances
    • McIntosh AR, Lobaugh NJ. Partial least squares analysis of neuroimaging data: applications and advances. NeuroImage. 2004;23(suppl 1):S250-S263.
    • (2004) NeuroImage , vol.23 , Issue.SUPPL. 1
    • McIntosh, A.R.1    Lobaugh, N.J.2
  • 12
    • 0025907222 scopus 로고
    • Structural modeling of functional neural pathways mapped with 2-deoxyglucose: Effects of acoustic startle habituation on the auditory system
    • McIntosh AR, Gonzalez-Lima F. Structural modeling of functional neural pathways mapped with 2-deoxyglucose: effects of acoustic startle habituation on the auditory system. Brain Res. 1991;547:295-302.
    • (1991) Brain Res , vol.547 , pp. 295-302
    • McIntosh, A.R.1    Gonzalez-Lima, F.2
  • 13
    • 0029941179 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatial pattern analysis of functional brain images using partial least squares
    • McIntosh AR, Bookstein FL, Haxby JV, et al. Spatial pattern analysis of functional brain images using partial least squares. NeuroImage. 1996;3:143-157.
    • (1996) NeuroImage , vol.3 , pp. 143-157
    • McIntosh, A.R.1    Bookstein, F.L.2    Haxby, J.V.3
  • 14
    • 40349112876 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuroimaging analysis of an anesthetic gas that blocks human emotional memory
    • Alkire MT, Gruver R, Miller J, et al. Neuroimaging analysis of an anesthetic gas that blocks human emotional memory. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008;105:1722-1727.
    • (2008) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.105 , pp. 1722-1727
    • Alkire, M.T.1    Gruver, R.2    Miller, J.3
  • 15
    • 0025773346 scopus 로고
    • Comparing functional (PET) images: The assessment of significant change
    • Friston KJ, Frith CD, Liddle PF, et al. Comparing functional (PET) images: the assessment of significant change. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 1991;11:690-699.
    • (1991) J Cereb Blood Flow Metab , vol.11 , pp. 690-699
    • Friston, K.J.1    Frith, C.D.2    Liddle, P.F.3
  • 16
    • 33847026433 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of a large fMRI cohort: Statistical and methodological issues for group analyses
    • Thirion B, Pinel P, Meriaux S, et al. Analysis of a large fMRI cohort: statistical and methodological issues for group analyses. NeuroImage. 2007;35:105-120.
    • (2007) NeuroImage , vol.35 , pp. 105-120
    • Thirion, B.1    Pinel, P.2    Meriaux, S.3
  • 17
    • 3242788708 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thiopental and propofol affect different regions of the brain at similar pharmacologic effects
    • Veselis RA, Feshchenko VA, Reinsel RA, et al. Thiopental and propofol affect different regions of the brain at similar pharmacologic effects. Anesth Analg. 2004;99:399-408.
    • (2004) Anesth Analg , vol.99 , pp. 399-408
    • Veselis, R.A.1    Feshchenko, V.A.2    Reinsel, R.A.3
  • 18
    • 0036260446 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of surgical levels of propofol and sevoflurane anesthesia on cerebral blood flow in healthy subjects studied with positron emission tomography
    • Kaisti KK, Metsahonkala L, Teras M, et al. Effects of surgical levels of propofol and sevoflurane anesthesia on cerebral blood flow in healthy subjects studied with positron emission tomography. Anesthesiology. 2002;96:1358-1370.
    • (2002) Anesthesiology , vol.96 , pp. 1358-1370
    • Kaisti, K.K.1    Metsahonkala, L.2    Teras, M.3
  • 19
    • 0030729053 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Midazolam changes cerebral blood flow in discrete brain regions: An H2(15)O positron emission tomography study
    • Veselis RA, Reinsel RA, Beattie BJ, et al. Midazolam changes cerebral blood flow in discrete brain regions: an H2(15)O positron emission tomography study. Anesthesiology. 1997;87:1106-1117.
    • (1997) Anesthesiology , vol.87 , pp. 1106-1117
    • Veselis, R.A.1    Reinsel, R.A.2    Beattie, B.J.3
  • 20
    • 18944405433 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metabolic crisis without brain ischemia is common after traumatic brain injury: A combined microdialysis and positron emission tomography study
    • Vespa P, Bergsneider M, Hattori N, et al. Metabolic crisis without brain ischemia is common after traumatic brain injury: a combined microdialysis and positron emission tomography study. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2005;25:763-774.
    • (2005) J Cereb Blood Flow Metab , vol.25 , pp. 763-774
    • Vespa, P.1    Bergsneider, M.2    Hattori, N.3
  • 21
    • 0030997119 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cerebral hyperglycolysis following severe traumatic brain injury in humans: A positron emission tomography study
    • Bergsneider M, Hovda DA, Shalmon E, et al. Cerebral hyperglycolysis following severe traumatic brain injury in humans: a positron emission tomography study. J Neurosurg. 1997;86:241-251.
    • (1997) J Neurosurg , vol.86 , pp. 241-251
    • Bergsneider, M.1    Hovda, D.A.2    Shalmon, E.3
  • 22
    • 0029807662 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hyperemia following traumatic brain injury: Relationship to intracranial hypertension and outcome
    • Kelly DF, Kordestani RK, Martin NA, et al. Hyperemia following traumatic brain injury: relationship to intracranial hypertension and outcome. J Neurosurg. 1996;85: 762-771.
    • (1996) J Neurosurg , vol.85 , pp. 762-771
    • Kelly, D.F.1    Kordestani, R.K.2    Martin, N.A.3
  • 23
    • 0018965980 scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of anaesthesia: A review
    • Roth SH. Mechanisms of anaesthesia: a review. Can Anaesth Soc J. 1980;27:433-439.
    • (1980) Can Anaesth Soc J , vol.27 , pp. 433-439
    • Roth, S.H.1
  • 24
    • 33947162383 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functional imaging reveals respiratory network activity during hypoxic and opioid challenge in the neonate rat tilted sagittal slab preparation
    • Barnes BJ, Tuong CM, Mellen NM. Functional imaging reveals respiratory network activity during hypoxic and opioid challenge in the neonate rat tilted sagittal slab preparation. J Neurophysiol. 2007;97:2283-2292.
    • (2007) J Neurophysiol , vol.97 , pp. 2283-2292
    • Barnes, B.J.1    Tuong, C.M.2    Mellen, N.M.3
  • 25
    • 0038623543 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of actions of inhaled anesthetics
    • Campagna JA, Miller KW, Forman SA. Mechanisms of actions of inhaled anesthetics. N Engl J Med. 2003;348:2110-2124.
    • (2003) N Engl J Med , vol.348 , pp. 2110-2124
    • Campagna, J.A.1    Miller, K.W.2    Forman, S.A.3
  • 26
    • 30444459043 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular targets underlying general anaesthesia
    • Franks NP. Molecular targets underlying general anaesthesia. Br J Pharmacol. 2006; 147(suppl 1):S72-S81.
    • (2006) Br J Pharmacol , vol.147 , Issue.SUPPL. 1
    • Franks, N.P.1
  • 27
    • 4344574333 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular and neuronal substrates for general anaesthetics
    • Rudolph U, Antkowiak B. Molecular and neuronal substrates for general anaesthetics. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2004;5:709-720.
    • (2004) Nat Rev Neurosci , vol.5 , pp. 709-720
    • Rudolph, U.1    Antkowiak, B.2
  • 28
    • 0035032014 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Correlating in vivo anaesthetic effects with ex vivo receptor density data supports a GABAergic mechanism of action for propofol, but not for isoflurane
    • Alkire MT, Haier RJ. Correlating in vivo anaesthetic effects with ex vivo receptor density data supports a GABAergic mechanism of action for propofol, but not for isoflurane. Br J Anaesth. 2001;86:618-626.
    • (2001) Br J Anaesth , vol.86 , pp. 618-626
    • Alkire, M.T.1    Haier, R.J.2
  • 29
    • 0030958134 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential sensitivities of mammalian neuronal and muscle nicotinic acetylcholine receptors to general anesthetics
    • Violet JM, Downie DL, Nakisa RC, et al. Differential sensitivities of mammalian neuronal and muscle nicotinic acetylcholine receptors to general anesthetics. Anesthesiology. 1997;86:866-874.
    • (1997) Anesthesiology , vol.86 , pp. 866-874
    • Violet, J.M.1    Downie, D.L.2    Nakisa, R.C.3
  • 30
    • 15844383850 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vivo imaging of human cerebral nicotinic acetylcholine receptors with 2-18F-fluoro-A-85380 and PET
    • Gallezot JD, Bottlaender M, Gregoire MC, et al. In vivo imaging of human cerebral nicotinic acetylcholine receptors with 2-18F-fluoro-A-85380 and PET. J Nucl Med. 2005;46:240-247.
    • (2005) J Nucl Med , vol.46 , pp. 240-247
    • Gallezot, J.D.1    Bottlaender, M.2    Gregoire, M.C.3
  • 31
    • 34547598476 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thalamic microinjection of nicotine reverses sevoflurane-induced loss of righting reflex in the rat
    • Alkire MT, McReynolds JR, Hahn EL, et al. Thalamic microinjection of nicotine reverses sevoflurane-induced loss of righting reflex in the rat. Anesthesiology. 2007; 107:264-272.
    • (2007) Anesthesiology , vol.107 , pp. 264-272
    • Alkire, M.T.1    McReynolds, J.R.2    Hahn, E.L.3
  • 32
    • 33750955118 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cognitive enhancement with central thalamic electrical stimulation
    • Shirvalkar P, Seth M, Schiff ND, et al. Cognitive enhancement with central thalamic electrical stimulation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2006;103:17007-17012.
    • (2006) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.103 , pp. 17007-17012
    • Shirvalkar, P.1    Seth, M.2    Schiff, N.D.3
  • 33
    • 34547634001 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Behavioural improvements with thalamic stimulation after severe traumatic brain injury
    • Schiff ND, Giacino JT, Kalmar K, et al. Behavioural improvements with thalamic stimulation after severe traumatic brain injury. Nature. 2007;448:600-603.
    • (2007) Nature , vol.448 , pp. 600-603
    • Schiff, N.D.1    Giacino, J.T.2    Kalmar, K.3
  • 34
    • 0032484086 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Consciousness and complexity
    • Tononi G, Edelman GM. Consciousness and complexity. Science. 1998;282: 1846-1851.
    • (1998) Science , vol.282 , pp. 1846-1851
    • Tononi, G.1    Edelman, G.M.2
  • 35
    • 0034266462 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anesthesia, neural information processing, and conscious awareness
    • Cariani P. Anesthesia, neural information processing, and conscious awareness. Conscious Cogn. 2000;9:387-395.
    • (2000) Conscious Cogn , vol.9 , pp. 387-395
    • Cariani, P.1
  • 36
    • 0027441566 scopus 로고
    • Functional connectivity: The principal-component analysis of large (PET) data sets
    • Friston KJ, Frith CD, Liddle PF, et al. Functional connectivity: the principal-component analysis of large (PET) data sets. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 1993;13:5-14.
    • (1993) J Cereb Blood Flow Metab , vol.13 , pp. 5-14
    • Friston, K.J.1    Frith, C.D.2    Liddle, P.F.3
  • 37
    • 10844287978 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impaired thalamocortical connectivity in humans during general-anesthetic-induced unconsciousness
    • White NS, Alkire MT. Impaired thalamocortical connectivity in humans during general-anesthetic-induced unconsciousness. NeuroImage. 2003;19:402-411.
    • (2003) NeuroImage , vol.19 , pp. 402-411
    • White, N.S.1    Alkire, M.T.2
  • 38
    • 0034268955 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toward a unified theory of narcosis: Brain imaging evidence for a thalamocortical switch as the neurophysiologic basis of anesthetic-induced unconsciousness
    • Alkire MT, Haier RJ, Fallon JH. Toward a unified theory of narcosis: brain imaging evidence for a thalamocortical switch as the neurophysiologic basis of anesthetic-induced unconsciousness. Conscious Cogn. 2000;9:370-386.
    • (2000) Conscious Cogn , vol.9 , pp. 370-386
    • Alkire, M.T.1    Haier, R.J.2    Fallon, J.H.3
  • 39
    • 0027445242 scopus 로고
    • Thalamocortical oscillations in the sleeping and aroused brain
    • Steriade M, McCormick DA, Sejnowski TJ. Thalamocortical oscillations in the sleeping and aroused brain. Science. 1993;262:679-685.
    • (1993) Science , vol.262 , pp. 679-685
    • Steriade, M.1    McCormick, D.A.2    Sejnowski, T.J.3
  • 40
    • 0033020312 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanism of anesthesia revealed by shunting actions of isoflurane on thalamocortical neurons
    • Ries CR, Puil E. Mechanism of anesthesia revealed by shunting actions of isoflurane on thalamocortical neurons. J Neurophysiol. 1999;81:1795-1801.
    • (1999) J Neurophysiol , vol.81 , pp. 1795-1801
    • Ries, C.R.1    Puil, E.2
  • 41
    • 0026518089 scopus 로고
    • Halothane-induced hyperpolarization and depression of postsynaptic potentials of guinea pig thalamic neurons in vitro
    • Sugiyama K, Muteki T, Shimoji K. Halothane-induced hyperpolarization and depression of postsynaptic potentials of guinea pig thalamic neurons in vitro. Brain Res. 1992;576:97-103.
    • (1992) Brain Res , vol.576 , pp. 97-103
    • Sugiyama, K.1    Muteki, T.2    Shimoji, K.3
  • 42
    • 33744946781 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bursting of thalamic neurons and states of vigilance
    • Llinas RR, Steriade M. Bursting of thalamic neurons and states of vigilance. J Neurophysiol. 2006;95:3297-3308.
    • (2006) J Neurophysiol , vol.95 , pp. 3297-3308
    • Llinas, R.R.1    Steriade, M.2
  • 43
    • 55849138864 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structural equation modeling of S-ketamine neuroimaging data: Evidence for limbic dissociation
    • Alkire MT, Gruver RL, Långsjö JW, et al. Structural equation modeling of S-ketamine neuroimaging data: evidence for limbic dissociation. Anesthesiology. 2007; 104:A1219.
    • (2007) Anesthesiology , vol.104
    • Alkire, M.T.1    Gruver, R.L.2    Långsjö, J.W.3
  • 44
    • 32344451473 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Task and content modulate amygdala-hippocampal connectivity in emotional retrieval
    • Smith AP, Stephan KE, Rugg MD, et al. Task and content modulate amygdala-hippocampal connectivity in emotional retrieval. Neuron. 2006;49:631-638.
    • (2006) Neuron , vol.49 , pp. 631-638
    • Smith, A.P.1    Stephan, K.E.2    Rugg, M.D.3
  • 45
    • 14944350074 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functional connectivity changes with concentration of sevoflurane anesthesia
    • Peltier SJ, Kerssens C, Hamann SB, et al. Functional connectivity changes with concentration of sevoflurane anesthesia. NeuroReport. 2005;16:285-288.
    • (2005) NeuroReport , vol.16 , pp. 285-288
    • Peltier, S.J.1    Kerssens, C.2    Hamann, S.B.3
  • 46
    • 23844558150 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Volatile anesthetics disrupt frontal-posterior recurrent information transfer at gamma frequencies in rat
    • Imas OA, Ropella KM, Ward BD, et al. Volatile anesthetics disrupt frontal-posterior recurrent information transfer at gamma frequencies in rat. Neurosci Lett. 2005;387: 145-150.
    • (2005) Neurosci Lett , vol.387 , pp. 145-150
    • Imas, O.A.1    Ropella, K.M.2    Ward, B.D.3
  • 47
    • 12944335010 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An information integration theory of consciousness
    • Tononi G. An information integration theory of consciousness. BMC Neurosci. 2004; 5:42.
    • (2004) BMC Neurosci , vol.5 , pp. 42
    • Tononi, G.1
  • 48
    • 25844463573 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Breakdown of cortical effective connectivity during sleep
    • Massimini M, Ferrarelli F, Huber R, et al. Breakdown of cortical effective connectivity during sleep. Science. 2005;309:2228-2232.
    • (2005) Science , vol.309 , pp. 2228-2232
    • Massimini, M.1    Ferrarelli, F.2    Huber, R.3
  • 49
    • 25644453383 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • General anesthesia and the neural correlates of consciousness
    • Alkire MT, Miller J. General anesthesia and the neural correlates of consciousness. Prog Brain Res. 2005;150:229-244.
    • (2005) Prog Brain Res , vol.150 , pp. 229-244
    • Alkire, M.T.1    Miller, J.2
  • 50
    • 1542568317 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Arousal systems
    • Jones BE. Arousal systems. Front Biosci. 2003;8:s438-s451.
    • (2003) Front Biosci , vol.8
    • Jones, B.E.1
  • 51
    • 0012252704 scopus 로고
    • Thalamic mechanisms involved in cortical desynchronization and recruiting responses
    • Schlag JD, Chaillet F. Thalamic mechanisms involved in cortical desynchronization and recruiting responses. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol. 1963;15:39-62.
    • (1963) Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol , vol.15 , pp. 39-62
    • Schlag, J.D.1    Chaillet, F.2
  • 52
    • 0028945266 scopus 로고
    • Depression of thalamic metabolism by lorazepam is associated with sleepiness
    • Volkow ND, Wang GJ, Hitzemann R, et al. Depression of thalamic metabolism by lorazepam is associated with sleepiness. Neuropsychopharmacology. 1995;12:123-132.
    • (1995) Neuropsychopharmacology , vol.12 , pp. 123-132
    • Volkow, N.D.1    Wang, G.J.2    Hitzemann, R.3
  • 53
    • 0030024972 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activation by attention of the human reticular formation and thalamic intralaminar nuclei
    • Kinomura S, Larsson J, Gulyas B, et al. Activation by attention of the human reticular formation and thalamic intralaminar nuclei. Science. 1996;271:512-515.
    • (1996) Science , vol.271 , pp. 512-515
    • Kinomura, S.1    Larsson, J.2    Gulyas, B.3
  • 54
    • 19344375351 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The activation of attentional networks
    • Fan J, McCandliss BD, Fossella J, et al. The activation of attentional networks. NeuroImage. 2005;26:471-479.
    • (2005) NeuroImage , vol.26 , pp. 471-479
    • Fan, J.1    McCandliss, B.D.2    Fossella, J.3
  • 55
    • 0026098744 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Angel A. The G. L. Brown lecture. Adventures in anaesthesia. Exp Physiol. 1991;76: 1-38.
    • Angel A. The G. L. Brown lecture. Adventures in anaesthesia. Exp Physiol. 1991;76: 1-38.
  • 56
    • 13244254005 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neocortex is the major target of sedative concentrations of volatile anaesthetics: Strong depression of firing rates and increase of GABAA receptor-mediated inhibition
    • Hentschke H, Schwarz C, Antkowiak B. Neocortex is the major target of sedative concentrations of volatile anaesthetics: strong depression of firing rates and increase of GABAA receptor-mediated inhibition. Eur J Neurosci. 2005;21:93-102.
    • (2005) Eur J Neurosci , vol.21 , pp. 93-102
    • Hentschke, H.1    Schwarz, C.2    Antkowiak, B.3
  • 57
    • 0023910516 scopus 로고
    • Metabolic activation of intercortical and corticothalamic pathways during enflurane anesthesia in rats
    • Nakakimura K, Sakabe T, Funatsu N, et al. Metabolic activation of intercortical and corticothalamic pathways during enflurane anesthesia in rats. Anesthesiology. 1988;68: 777-782.
    • (1988) Anesthesiology , vol.68 , pp. 777-782
    • Nakakimura, K.1    Sakabe, T.2    Funatsu, N.3
  • 58
    • 34547593576 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential dynamic of action on cortical and subcortical structures of anesthetic agents during induction of anesthesia
    • Velly LJ, Rey MF, Bruder NJ, et al. Differential dynamic of action on cortical and subcortical structures of anesthetic agents during induction of anesthesia. Anesthesiology. 2007;107:202-212.
    • (2007) Anesthesiology , vol.107 , pp. 202-212
    • Velly, L.J.1    Rey, M.F.2    Bruder, N.J.3
  • 59
    • 0015405279 scopus 로고
    • Sleep-wakefulness, EEG and behavioral studies of chronic cats without the thalamus: The 'athalamic' cat
    • Villablanca J, Salinas-Zeballos ME. Sleep-wakefulness, EEG and behavioral studies of chronic cats without the thalamus: the 'athalamic' cat. Arch Ital Biol. 1972;110: 383-411.
    • (1972) Arch Ital Biol , vol.110 , pp. 383-411
    • Villablanca, J.1    Salinas-Zeballos, M.E.2
  • 60
    • 0242559042 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brain, conscious experience and the observing self
    • Baars BJ, Ramsoy TZ, Laureys S. Brain, conscious experience and the observing self. Trends Neurosci. 2003;26:671-675.
    • (2003) Trends Neurosci , vol.26 , pp. 671-675
    • Baars, B.J.1    Ramsoy, T.Z.2    Laureys, S.3
  • 61
    • 25644445127 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Consciousness and epilepsy: Why are patients with absence seizures absent?
    • Blumenfeld H. Consciousness and epilepsy: why are patients with absence seizures absent? Prog Brain Res. 2005;150:271-286.
    • (2005) Prog Brain Res , vol.150 , pp. 271-286
    • Blumenfeld, H.1
  • 62
    • 0033571904 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activity of midbrain reticular formation and neocortex during the progression of human non-rapid eye movement sleep
    • Kajimura N, Uchiyama M, Takayama Y, et al. Activity of midbrain reticular formation and neocortex during the progression of human non-rapid eye movement sleep. J Neurosci. 1999;19:10065-10073.
    • (1999) J Neurosci , vol.19 , pp. 10065-10073
    • Kajimura, N.1    Uchiyama, M.2    Takayama, Y.3
  • 63
    • 4644280204 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brain function in coma, vegetative state, and related disorders
    • Laureys S, Owen AM, Schiff ND. Brain function in coma, vegetative state, and related disorders. Lancet Neurol. 2004;3:537-546.
    • (2004) Lancet Neurol , vol.3 , pp. 537-546
    • Laureys, S.1    Owen, A.M.2    Schiff, N.D.3
  • 64
    • 2942618671 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neural correlates of first-person perspective as one constituent of human self-consciousness
    • Vogeley K, May M, Ritzl A, et al. Neural correlates of first-person perspective as one constituent of human self-consciousness. J Cogn Neurosci. 2004;16:817-827.
    • (2004) J Cogn Neurosci , vol.16 , pp. 817-827
    • Vogeley, K.1    May, M.2    Ritzl, A.3
  • 65
    • 25644452626 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Posterior cingulate, precuneal and retrosplenial cortices: Cytology and components of the neural network correlates of consciousness
    • Vogt BA, Laureys S. Posterior cingulate, precuneal and retrosplenial cortices: cytology and components of the neural network correlates of consciousness. Prog Brain Res. 2005;150:205-217.
    • (2005) Prog Brain Res , vol.150 , pp. 205-217
    • Vogt, B.A.1    Laureys, S.2
  • 66
    • 27944455584 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The neural correlate of (un)awareness: Lessons from the vegetative state
    • Laureys S. The neural correlate of (un)awareness: lessons from the vegetative state. Trends Cogn Sci. 2005;9:556-559.
    • (2005) Trends Cogn Sci , vol.9 , pp. 556-559
    • Laureys, S.1
  • 67
    • 0034690595 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Restoration of thalamocortical connectivity after recovery from persistent vegetative state [letter]
    • Laureys S, Faymonville ME, Luxen A, et al. Restoration of thalamocortical connectivity after recovery from persistent vegetative state [letter]. Lancet. 2000;355: 1790-1791.
    • (2000) Lancet , vol.355 , pp. 1790-1791
    • Laureys, S.1    Faymonville, M.E.2    Luxen, A.3
  • 68
    • 2542422803 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bogen JE. Is TPO hemineglect the result of unbalanced inhibition? Int J Neurosci. 2004;114:655-670.
    • Bogen JE. Is TPO hemineglect the result of unbalanced inhibition? Int J Neurosci. 2004;114:655-670.
  • 69
    • 30344444805 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cytology and functionally correlated circuits of human posterior cingulate areas
    • Vogt BA, Vogt L, Laureys S. Cytology and functionally correlated circuits of human posterior cingulate areas. NeuroImage. 2006;29:452-466.
    • (2006) NeuroImage , vol.29 , pp. 452-466
    • Vogt, B.A.1    Vogt, L.2    Laureys, S.3
  • 70
    • 0008930640 scopus 로고
    • The interpretive cortex; the stream of consciousness in the human brain can be electrically reactivated
    • Penfield W. The interpretive cortex; the stream of consciousness in the human brain can be electrically reactivated. Science. 1959;129:1719-1725.
    • (1959) Science , vol.129 , pp. 1719-1725
    • Penfield, W.1
  • 71
    • 0037196101 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thalamic circuitry and thalamocortical synchrony
    • Jones EG. Thalamic circuitry and thalamocortical synchrony. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2002;357:1659-1673.
    • (2002) Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci , vol.357 , pp. 1659-1673
    • Jones, E.G.1
  • 72
    • 0037320808 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dissociation of spatial-, object-, and sound-coding neurons in the mediodorsal nucleus of the primate thalamus
    • Tanibuchi I, Goldman-Rakic PS. Dissociation of spatial-, object-, and sound-coding neurons in the mediodorsal nucleus of the primate thalamus. J Neurophysiol. 2003;89: 1067-1077.
    • (2003) J Neurophysiol , vol.89 , pp. 1067-1077
    • Tanibuchi, I.1    Goldman-Rakic, P.S.2
  • 73
    • 1542675293 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The basal ganglia and motor control
    • Groenewegen HJ. The basal ganglia and motor control. Neural Plast. 2003;10: 107-120.
    • (2003) Neural Plast , vol.10 , pp. 107-120
    • Groenewegen, H.J.1
  • 74
    • 2342520185 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Monitoring and switching of cortico-basal ganglia loop functions by the thalamo-striatal system
    • Kimura M, Minamimoto T, Matsumoto N, et al. Monitoring and switching of cortico-basal ganglia loop functions by the thalamo-striatal system. Neurosci Res. 2004;48: 355-360.
    • (2004) Neurosci Res , vol.48 , pp. 355-360
    • Kimura, M.1    Minamimoto, T.2    Matsumoto, N.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.