Activation by attention of the human reticular formation and thalamic intralaminar nuclei

Science

Volumn 271, Issue 5248, 1996, Pages 512-515

  Kinomura, Shigeo ^a   Larsson, Jonas ^a   Gulyás, Balázs ^a   Roland, Per E ^a  

^a KAROLINSKA INSTITUTE   (Sweden)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALERTNESS; AROUSAL; ARTICLE; ATTENTION; BRAIN INJURY; BRAIN STEM; CONTROLLED STUDY; ELECTROSTIMULATION; HUMAN; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; MESENCEPHALON RETICULAR FORMATION; NORMAL HUMAN; POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REACTION TIME; RETICULAR FORMATION; THALAMUS NUCLEUS; WAKEFULNESS;

ANIMALIA;

EID: 0030024972     PISSN: 00368075     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1126/science.271.5248.512     Document Type: Article

References (37)

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16. 2 pressure of the control. Subsequently, the rCBF of the control condition was subtracted from that of the test condition. The resulting subtraction images were anatomically standardized (23), and descriptive Student's t pictures were calculated (22). The criteria for accepting rCBF changes in adjacent clustered voxels as activations were set so that there was an average probability of less than 0 005 of finding one false-positive cluster in the three-dimensional space representing the brainstem and thalamus (22)
17. All participants reported no previous neurological, psychological, or medical problems and all had normal magnetic resonance tomograms of the skull and brain
18. Handedness was assessed by a Swedish version of the technique described in R C. Oldfield, Neuropsychologia 9, 97 (1971). The laterally coefficients ranged between 65 and 90 with a mean of 73.3 ± 8.5 (SD) for the right-handers and -10 for the ambidextrous participant
19. 2 during all conditions
20. 2 for 1000ms.
21. Experiment participants during all conditions rested the pad of the right index finger on a polyvinyl plate having an 11-mm-diameter hole through which a 2-mm stylus driven by a solenoid could protrude. The stylus did not touch the skin in the interstimulus intervals The interstimulus intervals ranged from 1000 to 3000 ms in a random manner. In the somatosensory task, the stylus indented the pulp of the index finger by 2.8 mm for 1000 ms.
22. 2 pressure [5.59 ± 0.23 kPa (rest), 5 56 ± 0 23 kPa (vis-RT), and 5.62 ± 0 33 kPa (som-RT)].
23. The accuracy (SEM) of localizing structures in the upper brainstem in PET and magnetic resonance images was <0.35 mm The center of gravity of the right red nucleus was determined in the brainstem in each participant (23). In the anatomically standardized format, the mean coordinates ± SEM for the 10 participants were x (medio-lateral), 5 16 ± 0 19 mm; y (anterior-posterior), 18.90 ± 0.31 mm; and z (superior-inferior), 6.86 ± 0 19 mm.
24. G. Schaltenbrand and P. Bailey, Einführung in die Stereo-taktischen Operationen mit einem Atlas des menschlichen Gehirns (Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart, 1959).
25. The rCBFs in the right and left midbrain tegmentum were 54.9 ± 4 9 ml/100 g/min and 53.5 ± 4 9 ml/ 100 g/min, respectively, for the som-RT (mean ± SEM), for the vis-RT task, the corresponding values were 54.7 ± 5.3 and 53.9 ± 5-6 ml/100 g/min, respectively. For the right and left intralaminar nuclei of the thalamus, the rCBFs were 64.5 ± 4 3 ml/100 g/min and 69.7 ± 6.3 ml/100 g/min, respectively, for the som-RT, and 74.9 ± 4 4 ml/100 g/min and 68.6 ± 6.5 ml/100 g/min, respectively, for the vis-RT task. For comparison, a ROI (region of interest) symmetrical to the activated part was drawn.
26. 2 pressure 5.56 ± 0.24 kPa, all of which were similar to the values obtained in the rest and RT conditions. Specifically, there were no differences in the frequency of thumb movements in the RT conditions and the self-generated movement condition, values for which were as follows. 0 35 ± 0 01 Hz (vis-RT), 0.31 ± 0.02 Hz (som-RT), and 0.29 ± 0.06 Hz (self-generated thumb movements) Other procedures were as described (9).
27. J Decety, R Kawashima, B Gulyás, P E. Roland, NeuroReport 3, 761 (1992); B. T. O'Sullivan, P. E. Roland, R. Kawashima, Eur. J Neurosci. 6, 137 (1994); R. Kawashima, B T. O'Sullivan, P. E. Roland, Cerebr. Cortex 2, 111 (1995).
28. J Decety, R Kawashima, B Gulyás, P E. Roland, NeuroReport 3, 761 (1992); B. T. O'Sullivan, P. E. Roland, R. Kawashima, Eur. J Neurosci. 6, 137 (1994); R. Kawashima, B T. O'Sullivan, P. E. Roland, Cerebr. Cortex 2, 111 (1995).
29. J Decety, R Kawashima, B Gulyás, P E. Roland, NeuroReport 3, 761 (1992); B. T. O'Sullivan, P. E. Roland, R. Kawashima, Eur. J Neurosci. 6, 137 (1994); R. Kawashima, B T. O'Sullivan, P. E. Roland, Cerebr. Cortex 2, 111 (1995).
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32. S, S Kety, Am J. Med. 8, 205 (1950); D. Ingvar et al. , Arch. Neurol. 11, 13 (1964); P. E Roland, L. Enksson, S. Stone-Elander, L. Widén, J. Neurosci. 7, 2373 (1987); P. E. Roland, Brain Activation (Wiley, New York, 1993)
33. S, S Kety, Am J. Med. 8, 205 (1950); D. Ingvar et al. , Arch. Neurol. 11, 13 (1964); P. E Roland, L. Enksson, S. Stone-Elander, L. Widén, J. Neurosci. 7, 2373 (1987); P. E. Roland, Brain Activation (Wiley, New York, 1993)
34. P. E. Roland et al. , Human Brain Mapping 1, 3 (1993).
35. P. E. Roland et al , ibid. 1, 173 (1994).
36. The vca plane, which is tangent to the anterior commissure, defines the zero coordinate in the the anterior-posterior axis (Table 1). The vcp plane is vertical tangent to the postenor commissure The ac-pc (commissural) plane defines the zero coordinate in the supenor-inferior axis.
37. Supported by the Human Capital and Mobility Programme of the European Commission and the Swedish Medical Research Council We thank J. Pedersen and W. Pulka for technical assistance