Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Review and Update

Journal of Pediatric Nursing

Volumn 23, Issue 5, 2008, Pages 345-357

  Cormier, Eileen ^a  

^a FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; Diagnosis; Treatment

Indexed keywords

CENTRAL STIMULANT AGENT; DEXAMPHETAMINE; METHYLPHENIDATE;

ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDER; BEHAVIOR THERAPY; CHILD; COMORBIDITY; EPIDEMIOLOGY; EVIDENCE BASED PRACTICE; FAMILY; HUMAN; NURSE ATTITUDE; NURSING ASSESSMENT; PATIENT EDUCATION; PEDIATRIC NURSING; PRACTICE GUIDELINE; PREVALENCE; PRIMARY HEALTH CARE; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; REVIEW;

ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDER WITH HYPERACTIVITY; BEHAVIOR THERAPY; CAUSALITY; CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM STIMULANTS; CHILD; COMORBIDITY; DEXTROAMPHETAMINE; EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE; FAMILY; HUMANS; METHYLPHENIDATE; NURSE'S ROLE; NURSING ASSESSMENT; PATIENT EDUCATION AS TOPIC; PEDIATRIC NURSING; PRACTICE GUIDELINES AS TOPIC; PREVALENCE; PRIMARY HEALTH CARE;

EID: 51549101407     PISSN: 08825963     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2008.01.003     Document Type: Review

References (116)

1. Abikoff H., Hechtman L., Klein R.G., Weiss G., Fleiss K., Etovitch J., et al. Symptomatic improvement in children with ADHD treated with long-term methylphenidate and multimodal psychosocial treatment. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 43 (2004) 802-811
2. American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. Practice parameters for the assessment and treatment of children, adolescents, and adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Journal of the Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 36 Suppl. (1997) 85-121
3. American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. Practice parameters for the use of stimulant medications in the treatment of children, adolescents, and adults. Journal of the Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 41 Suppl. 2 (2002) 26-49
4. American Academy of Pediatrics. Clinical practice guideline: Diagnosis and evaluation of the child with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Pediatrics 105 (2000) 1058-1070
5. American Academy of Pediatrics. Clinical practice guideline. Treatment of the school-aged child with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Pediatrics 108 (2001) 1033-1044
6. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual for mental disorders. 2nd ed. (1967), Author, Washington, DC
7. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual for mental disorders. 3rd ed. (1980), Author, Washington, DC
8. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual for mental disorders. 3rd ed. Rev. (1987), Author, Washington, DC
9. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual for mental disorders. 4th ed. (1994), Author, Washington, DC
10. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 4th ed., Text rev. (2000), Author, Washington, DC
11. Argold A., Erkanli A., Egger H.L., and Costello E.J. Stimulant treatment for children: A community perspective. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 39 (2000) 975-994
12. Arnold L.E., Abikoff H.B., Cantwell D.P., Connors C.K., Elliot G.E., and Greenhill L.L. NIMH collaborative multimodal treatment study of children with ADHD (MTA): Design, methodology, and protocol evolution. Journal of Attention Disorders 2 (1997) 141-158
13. Banaschewski T., Neale B., Rotthenberger A., and Roessner V. Comorbidity of tic disorders & ADHD: Conceptual and methodological considerations. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 1 Suppl. 1 (2007) 5-14
14. Barkley R.A. Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: A handbook for diagnosis and treatment. 3rd ed. (2006), Guilford Press, New York
15. Bateman B., Warner J.O., Hutchison E., Dean T., Rowlandson P., Gant C., et al. The effects of a double blind, placebo controlled, artificial food colorings and benzoate preservative challenge on hyperactivity in a general population sample of preschool children. Archives of Disease in Childhood 89 (2004) 506-511
16. Biederman J., Faraone S.V., Taylor A., Sienna M., Williamson S., and Fine C. Diagnostic continuity between child and adolescent ADHD: Findings from a longitudinal clinical sample. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 37 (1998) 305-313
17. Biederman J., Mick E., and Faraone S.V. Age dependent decline in symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: Impact of remission definition and symptom type. American Journal of Psychiatry 157 (2000) 816-818
18. Bradley C. The behavior of children receiving benzedrine. American Journal of Psychiatry 94 (1937) 577-588
19. Brassett-Harknett A., and Butler N. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: An overview of the etiology and a review of the literature relating to the correlates and lifecourse outcomes for men and women. Clinical Psychology Review 27 (2007) 188-210
20. Breismeister J.M., and Schaefer C.E. Handbook of parent training: Parents as co-therapists for children's behavior problems (1998), John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York
21. Brown R.T., Antonuccio D.O., DuPaul G.J., Fristad M.A., King C.A., Leslie L.K., et al. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. In: Brown R.T., et al. (Ed). Childhood mental health disorders: Evidence base and contextual factors for psychosocial, psychopharmacological, and combined interventions (2008), American Psychological Association, Washington, DC 15-32
22. Brown R.T., Freeman W.S., Perrin J.M., Stein M.T., Amler R.W., Feldman H.M., et al. Prevalence and assessment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in primary care settings. Pediatrics 107 (2001) e43
23. Bussing R., Gary F., Mills T.L., and Garvan C.W. Cultural variations in parental health beliefs, knowledge, and information sources related to attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Family Issues 28 (2007) 291-318
24. Bussing R., Lebninger F., and Eyberg S. Difficult child temperament and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in preschool children. Infants and Young Children 19 (2006) 123-131
25. Chacko A., Pelham W.E., Gnagy E.M., Greiner A., Vallano G., Bukstein O., et al. Stimulant medication effects in a natural setting among young children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 4 (2005) 249-257
26. Chronis A.M., Chacko A., Fabiano G.A., Wymbs B.T., and Pelham W.E. Enhancements to the behavioral parent training paradigm for families of children with ADHD: Review and future directions. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review 7 (2004) 1-27
27. Chronis A.M., Jones H.A., and Raggi V.L. Evidence-based psychosocial treatments for children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Clinical Psychology Review 26 (2006) 486-502
28. Clements S.D. Minimal brain dysfunction in children: Terminology and identification (1966), U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Washington, DC
29. Cohen R.A. The neuropsychology of attention (1993), Plenum, New York
30. Connors K. Connors Rating Scales-Revised: Technical manual (1997), Multi-Health Systems, North Tonawanda, NY
31. Connors C.K., Epstein J., and Marsh J. Multi-modal treatment of ADHD (MTA): An alternative outcome analysis. Journal of the Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 40 (2001) 159-167
32. Connors K., Marsh J.S., Frances A., Wells K.C., and Ross R. Treatment of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Expert consensus guidelines. Journal of Attention Disorders 4 (2001) 7-128
33. Daly B.P., Creed T., Xanthopoulos M., and Brown R.T. Psychosocial treatments for children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Neuropsychiatry Review 17 (2007) 73-89
34. Danforth J.S., Harvey E., Ulaszek W.R., and McKee T.E. The outcome of group parent training for families of children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and defiant/aggressive behavior. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry 37 (2006) 188-205
35. DeMarle, D.J., Denk, L., & Ernsthausen, C.S. (2003). Working with the family of a child with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Pediatric Nursing, 29, 302-304, 307-308, 330.
36. Dengate S., and Ruben A. Controlled trial of cumulative behavioral effects of a common bread preservative. Journal of Pediatric Child Health 38 (2002) 373-376
37. Dewey D., Kaplan B.J., Crawford S.G., and Wilson N. Developmental coordination disorder: Associated problems in attention, learning, and psychosocial adjustment. Human Movement Science 21 (2002) 905-918
38. Egger H.L., Kondo D., and Angold A. The epidemiology and diagnostic issues in preschool attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A review. Infants and Young Children 19 (2006) 109-122
39. Ehlers S., and Gillberg C. The epidemiology of Asperger syndrome. A total population study. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 34 (1993) 1327-1350
40. Faraone S.V. Advances in the genetics and neurobiology of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Biological Psychiatry 60 (2006) 1025-1027
41. Faraone S., Biederman J., and Monuteaux M.C. Further evidence for the diagnostic continuity between child and adolescent ADHD. Journal of Attentional Disorders 6 (2002) 5-13
42. Faraone S., Sergeant J., Gillberg C., and Biederman J. The worldwide prevalence of ADHD: Is it an American condition?. World Psychiatry 2 (2003) 104-113
43. Gillberg C., Gillberg I.C., Rasmussen P., Bjorn K., Soderstrom H., Rastam M., et al. Co-existing disorders in ADHD--Implications for diagnosis and intervention. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 13 Suppl. 1 (2004) 80-92
44. Goldman L.S., Genel M., Bezman R., and Slanetz P.J. Diagnosis and treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivty disorder in children and adolescents. Journal of the American Medical Association 279 (1998) 1100-1107
45. Goldstein S., and Goldstein M. Managing attention deficit hyperactivity disorders in children: A guide for practitioners. 2nd ed. (1998), Wiley, New York
46. Gomez R., and Condon M. Central auditory processing ability in children with ADHD with and without learning disabilities. Journal of Learning Disabilities 32 (1999) 150-158
47. Goodman D.W. The consequences of attention-deficit/hyperactivity in adults. Journal of Psychiatric Practice 13 (2007) 318-327
48. Green M., Wong M., Atkins D., and Feinlieb M. Diagnosis of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. (Technical Rev. No. 3 AHCPR Publication No. 99-0050) (1999), Agency for Health Care Policy and Research, Rockville, MD
49. Greenhill L.L., Pliszka S., Dulcan M.K., Bernet W., Arnold V., Beitchman J., et al. Practice parameters for the use of stimulant medication in the treatment of children, adolescents, and adults. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 41 Suppl. 2 (2002) 26-49
50. Hillemeier M.M., Foster E.M., Heinrichs B., and Brigitt H. Racial differences in parental reports of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder behaviors. Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics 28 (2007) 353-361
51. Hinshaw S.P., Owens E.B., Wells K.C., Kraemer H.C., Abikoff L., Arnold E., et al. Family Processes and treatment outcomes in the MTA: Negative/ineffective parenting practices in relation to multimodal treatment. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 28 (2000) 555-568
52. Jahad A.R., Boyle M., Cunningham C., et al. Treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. (Evidence report/Technology assessment no. 11) (1999), Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Rockville, MD
53. Jensen P.S., Martin D., and Cantwell D.P. Comorbidity in ADHD: Implications for research, practice and DSM-IV. Journal of the Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 36 (1997) 1065-1079
54. Jensen S.P., Hinshaw S.P., Swanson J.M., Greenhill L.L., Connors C.K., Arnold L.E., et al. Findings from the NIMH multimodal treatment study of ADHD (MTA): Implications and applications for primary care providers. Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics 22 (2001) 60-73
55. Kadesjo B., and Gillberg C. The comorbidity of ADHD in the general population of Swedish school-age children. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 42 (2001) 487-492
56. Ke X., Zou I., Hong S., Hang J., Zu-Hong L.T., and Cathay P. Attention deficit and hyperactivity symptoms in school children with Asperger syndrome. Chinese Mental Health Journal 21 (2007) 86-89
57. Kendall J., and Hatton D. Racism as a source of health disparity in families of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Advances in Nursing Science 25 (2002) 22-39
58. Kent L., and Craddock N. Is there a relationship between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and bipolar disorder?. Journal of Affective Disorders 73 (2003) 211-221
59. Lahey B.B., Pelham W., Stein M.A., Loney J., Trapini C., Nugent K., et al. Validity of DSM-IV attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder for younger children. Journal of the Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 37 (1998) 695-702
60. Lalonde J., Turgay A., and Hudson J.I. Attention-deficit hyperactivity subtypes and comorbid disruptive behavior disorders in child and adolescent mental health centers. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 43 (1998) 623-628
61. Lavigne C., Cicchetti R., Gibbon H.J., Binns H.J., Larsen L., and DeVito C. Oppositional defiant disorder with onset of preschool years: Longitudinal stability and pathways to other disorders. Journal of the Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 40 (2001) 1393-1400
62. Levin H., Hanten G., Max J., Li X., Swank P., Ewing-Cobbs L., et al. Symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder following traumatic brain injury. Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics 28 (2007) 108-118
63. Liu Y.H., and Leslie L.K. Diagnosing ADHD: Putting AAP guidelines to the test and into practice. Contemporary Pediatrics 20 (2003) 51-73
64. Loeber R., Burke J.D., Lahey B.B., Winters A., and Zera M. Oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder: A review of the past 10 years, Part I. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 39 (2000) 1468-1484
65. Lopez F.A. ADHD: New pharmacological treatments on the horizon. Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics 27 (2006) 410-416
66. Luca P., Laurin N., Misener V.L., Wigg K.G., Anderson B., Cate-Carter T., et al. Association of the dopamine receptor D1 gene, DDD1, with inattention symptoms in families selected for reading problems. Molecular Psychiatry 12 (2007) 776-785
67. Magyary D., and Brandt P. A decision tree and clinical paths for the assessment and management of children with ADHD. Issues in Mental Health Nursing 23 (2002) 553-566
68. Maria A., Pedron M., and Cornoldi C. Expressive writing difficulties in children described as exhibiting ADHD symptoms. Journal of Learning Disabilities 40 (2007) 244-255
69. McCabe S.E., Teter C.J., and Boyd C.J. The use, misuse, and diversion of prescription stimulants among middle and high school students. Substance Use and Misuse 39 (2004) 1095-1116
70. Michelson D., Allen A.J., Busner J., Casat C., Dunn D., Kratochvil C., et al. Atomoxetine in the treatment of children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A randomized placebo-controlled, dose-response study. American Journal of Psychiatry 159 (2002) 1896-1901
71. Morgan A.E., Hynd G.W., Riccio C.A., and Hall J. Validity of DSM-IV ADHD predominantly inattentive and combined types: Relationship to previous DSM diagnoses/subtype differences. Journal of the Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 35 (1996) 325-333
72. MTA Cooperative Group. A 14-month randomized clinical trial of treatment strategies for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Archives of General Psychiatry 56 (1999) 1073-1086
73. MTA Cooperative Group. National Institute of Mental Health multimodal treatment study of ADHD follow-up: 24-month outcomes of treatment strategies for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Pediatrics 113 (2004) 754-761
74. Nissen S.E. ADHD drugs and cardiovascular risk. New England Journal of Medicine 354 (2006) 1445-1448
75. Pastor P.N., and Reuben C.A. Racial and ethnic differences in ADHD and LD in young school-age children: Parental reports in the national interview survey. Public Health Reports 120 (2005) 383-392
76. Pelham W.E., Wheeler T., and Chronis A. Empirically supported psychosocial treatments for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology 27 (1998) 190-205
77. Pitcher T.M., Piek J.P., and Hay D.A. Fine and gross motor ability in males with ADHD. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology 45 (2003) 525-535
78. Plizka S.R. Patterns of psychiatric comorbidity with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America 9 (2000) 525-540
79. Raggio D.J. Visuomotor perception in children with attention deficit hyperactivity-combined type. Perceptual and Motor Skills 88 (1999) 448-450
80. Rains A., and Scahill L. Psychopharmacology notes: Nonstimulant medications for the treatment of ADHD. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Nursing 19 (2006) 44-47
81. Resnick R.J. The hidden disorder: A clinician's guide to attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in adults (2000), American Psychological Association, Washington, DC
82. Richters J.E., Arnold L.E., Jensen P.S., Abikoff H., Connors C.K., Greenhill L.L., et al. NIMH collaborative multisite, multimodal treatment study of children with ADHD: Background and rationale. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 34 (1995) 987-1000
83. Robison L.M., Sclar D.A., Skaer T.L., and Galin R.S. National trends in the prevalence and the prescribing of methylphenidate among school-age children: 1990-1995. Clinical Pediatrics 38 (1999) 209-217
84. Roessner V., Robatzek M., Knapp G., Banaschewski T., and Rothenberger A. First onset tics in patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Impact of stimulants. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology 48 (2006) 616-621
85. Rojas N.L., and Chan E. Old and new controversies in the alternative treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews 11 (2005) 116-130
86. Root R.W., and Resnick R.J. An update on the diagnosis and treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice 34 (2003) 34-41
87. Rushton J.L., Fant K.E., and Clark S.J. Use of practice guidelines in the primary care of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Pediatrics 114 (2004) 23-28
88. Schab D.W., and Trinh N.T. Do artificial food colors promote hyperactivity in children with hyperactive syndromes? A meta-analysis of double-blind placebo-controlled trials. Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics 25 (2004) 423-434
89. Schmidt M., Mocks P., Lay B., Eisert H., Fojkar R., Fritz-Sigmund D., et al. Does oligoantigenic diet influence hyperactive/conduct-disordered children-A controlled trial. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 6 (1997) 88-95
90. Schnoll R., Burshteyn D., and Cea-Aravena J. Nutrition in the treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: A neglected but important aspect. Applied Psychobiology and Biofeedback 28 (2003) 63-72
91. Sciutto M.J., and Eisenberg M. Evaluating the evidence for and against the overdiagnosis of ADHD. Journal of Attention Disorders 11 (2007) 106-113
92. Spencer T.J., Biederman J., Coffey B., Geller D., Crawford M., Bearman S.K., et al. A double-blind comparison of desipramine and placebo in children and adolescents with chronic tic disorder and comorbid attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Archives of General Psychiatry 59 (2002) 649-656
93. Spencer T.J., Biederman J., and Mick E. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Diagnosis, lifespan, comorbidities, and neurobiology. Ambulatory Pediatrics 7 (2007) 73-81
94. Sobanski E. Psychiatric comorbidity in adults with attention/deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). European Archives in Clinical Neuroscience 256 Suppl. l (2006) 26-31
95. Steinhausen H.C., Novik T.S., Baldursson G., Curatolo P., Lorenzo M., Pereira R.R., et al. Co-existing psychiatric problems in ADHD in the ADORE cohort. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 15 Suppl. (2006) 25-29
96. Stevens S. Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Working the system for better diagnosis and treatment. Journal of Pediatric Nursing 20 (2005) 47-51
97. Swanson J.M., Kraemer H.C., and Hinshaw S.P. Clinical relevance of primary findings of the MTA: Success rates based on severity of ADHD and ODD symptoms at the end of treatment. Journal of the Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 40 (2001) 168-179
98. Swanson J.M., Lerner M., Marsh J., and Gresham F. Assessment and intervention for ADHD: Lessons from the MTA study. Pediatric Clinics of North America 46 (1999) 993-1009
99. Timimi S. The politics of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). In: Timimi S., and Maitra B. (Eds). Critical voices in child and adolescent mental health (2006), Free Association Books, London, England 163-191
100. Tripp G., Schaughency E.A., and Clarke B. Parent and teacher rating scales in the evaluation of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: Contribution to diagnosis and differential diagnosis in clinically-referred children. Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics 27 (2006) 209-218
101. Trott G.E. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in the course of life. European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience 256 Suppl. 1 (2006) 21-25
102. Valente S.M. Treating attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. The Nurse Practitioner 26 (2001) 14-26
103. Valera E.M., and Siedman L.J. Neurobiology of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in preschoolers. Infants and Young Children 19 (2006) 94-108
104. Waldman I.D., and Gizer I.R. The genetics of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Clinical Psychology Review 26 (2006) 396-432
105. Weiss M., and Murray C. Assessment and management of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in adults. Canadian Medical Association Journal 168 (2003) 715-722
106. Wells K.C., Hinshaw S.P., Pfiffner L., Owens E.B., Abikoff H.B., Elliott G.R., et al. Treatment-related changes in objectively measured parenting behaviors in the multimodal treatment study of children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 74 (2006) 649-657
107. Wender P.H. Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in adults (1995), Oxford Press, New York
108. Wilens T.E., Biederman J., Brown S., Monuteaux M., Prince J., and Spenser T.J. Patterns of psychopathology and dysfunction in clinically referred preschoolers. Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics 23 (2002) 531-537
109. Wilens T.E., Faraone S., Biederman J., and Gunawardene S. Does stimulant therapy of attention/deficit hyperactivity disorder beget later substance abuse? A meta-analytic review of the literature. Pediatrics 111 (2003) 179-185
110. Wilens T.E., Gignac M., Swezey A., Monuteaux M.C., and Biederman J. Characteristics of adolescents and young adults with ADHD who divert or misuse their prescribed medications. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 45 (2006) 408-414
111. Wilens T.E., Prince J.B., Spenser T.J., and Biederman J. Stimulants and sudden death: What is a physician to do?. Pediatrics 118 (2006) 1215-1219
112. Wolraich M.L. An update on the diagnosis and treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children. Professional Psychology Research and Practice 34 (2003) 34-41
113. Wolraich M.L. Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: Can it be recognized and treated in children younger than 5 years?. Infants and Young Children 19 (2006) 86-93
114. Wolraich M.L., Lambert E.W., Bickman L., Simmons T., Doffing M., and Worley K. Assessing the impact of parent and teacher agreement on diagnosing attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics 25 (2004) 41-47
115. Wood J.G., Crager J., Delap C., and Heiskell K. Beyond methylphenidate: Nonstimulant medication for youth with ADHD. Journal of Attention Disorders 11 (2007) 341-350
116. Zito J.M., Safer D.J., dosReis S., Magder L., Gardner J.F., and Zarin D.A. Psychotherapeutic medication patterns for youths with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Archives in Pediatric Adolescent Medicine 153 (1999) 1257-1263