Experimental evolution of the genetic load and its implications for the genetic basis of inbreeding depression

Evolution

Volumn 62, Issue 9, 2008, Pages 2236-2249

  Fox, Charles W ^a   Scheibly, Kristy L ^a   Reed, David H ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MISSISSIPPI   (United States)

Author keywords

Genetic load; Inbreeding load; Sib mating; Stator limbatus

Indexed keywords

ALLELE; BEETLE; CAPTIVE POPULATION; EGG PRODUCTION; ENDANGERED SPECIES; EXPERIMENTAL STUDY; EXTINCTION; INBREEDING DEPRESSION; REARING; SUBPOPULATION; SURVIVAL;

ALLELE; ANIMAL; ARTICLE; BEETLE; EVOLUTION; FEMALE; GENETIC LOAD; GENETIC SELECTION; GENETICS; INBREEDING; MALE; RECESSIVE GENE;

ALLELES; ANIMALS; BEETLES; EVOLUTION; FEMALE; GENES, RECESSIVE; GENETIC LOAD; INBREEDING; MALE; SELECTION (GENETICS);

COLEOPTERA; STATOR LIMBATUS;

EID: 51249124243     PISSN: 00143820     EISSN: 15585646     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.2008.00441.x     Document Type: Article

References (72)

1. Ballou, J. D. 1997. Ancestral inbreeding only minimally affects inbreeding depression in mammalian populations. J. Hered. 88 : 169 178.
2. Barrett, S. C. H., and D. Charlesworth. 1991. Effects of a change in the level of inbreeding on the genetic load. Nature 352 : 522 524.
3. Barrett, S. C. H., R. I. Colautti, and C. G. Eckert. 2008. Plant reproductive systems and evolution during biological invasion. Mol. Ecol. 17 : 373 383.
4. Boakes, E. H., J. Wang, and W. Amos. 2007. An investigation of inbreeding depression and purging in captive pedigreed populations. Heredity 98 : 172 182.
5. Byers, D. L., and D. M. Waller. 1999. Do plant populations purge their genetic load? Effects of population size and mating history on inbreeding depression. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 30 : 479 513.
6. Caballero, A., and W. G. Hill. 1992. Effects of partial inbreeding on fixation rates and variation of mutant genes. Genetics 131 : 493 507.
7. Carr, D. E., and M. R. Dudash. 2003. Recent approaches into the genetic basis of inbreeding depression in plants. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B 358 : 1071 1084.
8. Charlesworth, D., and B. Charlesworth. 1987. Inbreeding depression and its evolutionary consequences. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 18 : 237 268.
9. Charlesworth, D., and B. Charlesworth. 1990. Inbreeding depression with heterozygote advantage and its effect on selection for modifiers changing the outcrossing rate. Evolution 44 : 870 888.
10. Charlesworth, B., and D. Charlesworth. 1999. The genetic basis of inbreeding depression. Genet. Res. 74 : 329 340.
11. Charlesworth, B., and K. A. Hughes. 2000. The maintenance of genetic variation in life-history traits. Pp. 369 391 in R. S. Singh, and C. B. Krimbas, eds. Evolutionary genetics from molecules to morphology. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge.
12. Charlesworth, D., M. T. Morgan, and B. Charlesworth. 1990. Inbreeding depression, genetic load and the evolution of outcrossing rates in a multilocus system with no linkage. Evolution 44 : 1469 1489.
13. Crnokrak, P., and S. C. H. Barrett. 2002. Perspective: purging the genetic load: a review of the experimental evidence. Evolution 56 : 2347 2358.
14. Crow, J. F., and M. Kimura. 1970. An introduction to population genetics theory. Harper and Row, New York.
15. Darwin, C. 1892. The effects of cross and self fertilisation in the vegetable kingdom. D. Appleton and Company, New York.
16. Deng, H. W. 1998. Estimating within-locus nonadditive coefficient and discriminating dominance versus overdominance as the genetic cause of heterosis. Genetics 148 : 2003 2014.
17. Dudash, M. R., and D. E. Carr. 1998. Genetics underlying inbreeding depression in Mimulus with contrasting mating systems. Nature 393 : 682 684.
18. Dudash, M. R., D. E. Carr, and C. B. Fenster. 1997. Five generations of enforced selfing and outcrossing in Mimulus guttatus: inbreeding depression variation at the population and family level. Evolution 51 : 54 65.
19. Fowler, K., and M. C. Whitlock. 1999. The distribution of phenotypic variance with inbreeding. Evolution 53 : 1143 1156.
20. Fox, C. W. 2005. Problems in measuring among-family variation in inbreeding depression. Am. J. Bot. 92 : 1929 1932.
21. Fox, C. W., and K. L. Scheibly. 2006. Variation in inbreeding depression among populations of the seed beetle, Stator limbatus. Entomol. Exp. Appl. 121 : 137 144.
22. Fox, C. W., K. L. Scheibly, W. G. Wallin, L. J. Hitchcock, R. C. Stillwell, and B. P. Smith. 2006. The genetic architecture of life span and mortality rates: gender and species differences in inbreeding load of two seed-feeding beetles. Genetics 174 : 763 773.
23. Fox, C. W., K. L. Scheibly, B. P. Smith, and W. G. Wallin. 2007. Inbreeding depression in two seed-feeding beetles, Callosobruchus maculatus and Stator limbatus (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Bull. Entomol. Res. 97 : 49 54.
24. Frankham, R., D. M. Gilligan, D. Morris, and D. A. Briscoe. 2001. Inbreeding and extinction: effects of purging. Conserv. Genet. 2 : 279 284.
25. Glémin, S. 2003. How are deleterious mutations purged? Drift versus nonrandom mating. Evolution 57 : 2678 2687.
26. Hedrick, P. W. 1994. Purging inbreeding depression and the probability of extinction - full-sib mating. Heredity 73 : 363 372.
27. Hedrick, P. W., and S. T. Kalinowski. 2000. Inbreeding depression in conservation biology. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 31 : 139 162.
28. Husband, B. C., and D. W. Schemske. 1996. Evolution of the magnitude and timing of inbreeding depression in plants. Evolution 50 : 54 70.
29. Jamieson, I. G., G. P. Wallis, and J. V. Briskie. 2006. Inbreeding and endangered species management: is New Zealand out of step with the rest of the world? Conserv. Biol. 20 : 38 47.
30. Johnson, C. D., and J. M. Kingsolver. 1976. Systematics of Stator of North and Central America (Coleoptera: Bruchidae). USDA Tech. Bull. 1537 : 1 101.
31. Johnson, C. D., J. M. Kingsolver, and A. L. Teran. 1989. Sistematica del genero Stator (Insecta: Coleoptera: Bruchidae) en Sudamerica. Opera Lilloana 37 : 1 105.
32. Kaeuffer, R., D. W. Coltman, J. L. Chapuis, D. Pontier, and D. Reale. 2007. Unexpected heterozygosity in an island mouflon population founded by a single pair of individuals. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 274 : 527 533.
33. Kalinowski, S. T., P. W. Hedrick, and P. S. Miller. 2000. Inbreeding depression in the Speke's gaxelle captive breeding program. Conserv. Biol. 14 : 1375 1384.
34. Karkkainen, K., H. Kuittinen, R. van Treuren, C. Vogl, S. Oikarinen, and O. Savolainen. 1999. Genetic basis of inbreeding depression in Arabis petraea. Evolution 53 : 1354 1365.
35. Kirkpatrick, M., and P. Jarne. 2000. The effects of a bottleneck on inbreeding depression and the genetic load. Am. Nat. 155 : 154 167.
36. Knowles, L. L., A. Levy, J. M. McNellis, K. P. Greene, and D. J. Futuyma. 1999. Tests of inbreeding effects on host-shift potential in the phytophagous beetle Ophraella communa. Evolution 53 : 561 567.
37. Kristensen, T. N., and A. C. Sorensen. 2005. Inbreeding - lessons from animal breeding, evolutionary biology and conservation genetics. Animal Science 80 : 121 133.
38. Kuang, H., T. E. Richardson, S. D. Carson, and B. C. Bongarten. 1999. Genetic analysis of inbreeding depression in plus tree 850.55 of Pinus radiata D. Don. II. Genetics of viability genes. Theor. Appl. Genet. 99 : 140 146.
39. Lacy, R. C., and J. D. Ballou. 1998. Effectiveness of selection in reducing the genetic load in populations of Peromyscus polionotus during generations of inbreeding. Evolution 52 : 900 909.
40. Lande, R., and D. W. Schemske. 1985. The evolution of self-fertilization and inbreeding depression in plants. I. Genetic models. Evolution 39 : 24 40.
41. Latter, B. D. H. 1998. Mutant alleles of small effect are primarily responsible for the loss of fitness with slow inbreeding in Drosophila melanogaster. Genetics 148 : 1143 1158.
42. Latter, B. D. H., and J. C. Mulley. 1995. Genetic adaptation to captivity and inbreeding depression in small laboratory populations of Drosophila melanogaster. Genetics 139 : 255 266.
43. Leberg, P. L., and B. D. Firmin. 2008. Role of inbreeding depression and purging in captive breeding and restoration programmes. Mol. Ecol. 17 : 334 343.
44. Lynch, M., and B. Walsh. 1998. Genetics and analysis of quantitative traits. Sinauer Associates, Inc., Sunderland, MA.
45. Lynch, M., J. Conery, and R. Burger. 1995. Mutation accumulation and the extinction of small populations. Am. Nat. 146 : 489 518.
46. Miller, P. S., and P. W. Hedrick. 2001. Purging of inbreeding depression and fitness decline in bottlenecked populations of Drosophila melanogaster. J. Evol. Biol. 14 : 595 601.
47. Morse, G. E., and B. D. Farrell. 2005a. Ecological and evolutionary diversification of the seed beetle genus Stator (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae). Evolution 59 : 1315 1333.
48. Morse, G. E., and B. D. Farrell. 2005b. Interspecific phylogeography of the Stator limbatus species complex: the geographic context of speciation and specialization. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 36 : 201 213.
49. O'Grady, J. J., B. W. Brook, D. H. Reed, J. D. Ballou, D. W. Tonkyn, and R. Frankham. 2006. Realistic levels of inbreeding depression strongly affect extinction risk in wild populations. Biol. Conserv. 133 : 42 51.
50. Pico, F. X., C. Mix, N. J. Ouborg, and J. M. Van Groenendael. 2007. Multigenerational inbreeding in Succisa pratensis: effects on fitness components. Biol. Plant. 51 : 185 188.
51. Reed D. H. 2008. The effects of population size on population viability: from mutation to environmental catastrophes. Pp. 16 34 in S. P. Carroll and C. W. Fox, eds. Conservation biology: evolution in action. Oxford Univ. Press, New York.
52. Reed, D. H., and E. H. Bryant. 2001. Fitness, genetic load and purging in experimental populations of the housefly. Conserv. Genet. 2 : 57 62.
53. Reed, D. H., E. H. Lowe, D. A. Briscoe, and R. Frankham. 2003a. Fitness and adaptation in a novel environment: effect of inbreeding, prior environment, and lineage. Evolution 57 : 1822 1828.
54. Reed, D. H., E. H. Lowe, D. A. Briscoe, and R. Frankham. 2003b. Inbreeding and extinction: effects of rate of inbreeding. Conserv. Genet. 4 : 405 410.
55. Remington, D. L., and D. M. O'Malley. 2000a. Evaluation of major genetic loci contributing to inbreeding depression for survival and early growth in a selfed family of Pinus taeda. Evolution 54 : 1580 1589.
56. Remington, D. L., and D. M. O'Malley. 2000b. Whole-genome characterization of embryonic stage inbreeding depression in a selfed loblolly pine family. Genetics 155 : 337 348.
57. Roff, D. A. 2002. Inbreeding depression: tests of the overdominance and partial dominance hypotheses. Evolution 56 : 768 775.
58. Saccheri, I. J., P. M. Brakefield, and R. A. Nichols. 1996. Severe inbreeding depression and rapid fitness rebound in the butterfly Bicyclus anynana (Satyridae). Evolution 50 : 2000 2013.
59. Schemske, D. W., and R. Lande. 1985. The evolution of self-fertilization and inbreeding depression in plants. II. Empirical observations. Evolution 39 : 41 52.
60. Swindell, W. R., and J. L. Bouzat. 2006. Selection and inbreeding depression: effects of inbreeding rate and inbreeding environment. Evolution 60 : 1014 1022.
61. Templeton, A. R., and B. Read. 1984. Factors eliminating inbreeding depression in a captive herd of Spekes Gazelle (Gazella spekei). Zoo Biol. 3 : 177 199.
62. Wang, J. L. 2000. Effects of population structures and selection strategies on the purging of inbreeding depression due to deleterious mutations. Genet. Res. 76 : 75 86.
63. Wang, J. L., W. G. Hill, D. Charlesworth, and B. Charlesworth. 1999. Dynamics of inbreeding depression due to deleterious mutations in small populations: mutation parameters and inbreeding rate. Genet. Res. 74 : 165 178.
64. Weeks, S. C. 2004. Levels of inbreeding depression over seven generations of selfing in the androdioecious clam shrimp, Eulimnadia texana. J. Evol. Biol. 17 : 475 484.
65. Willis, J. H. 1992. Genetic analysis of inbreeding depression caused by chlorophyll-deficient lethals in Mimulus guttatus. Heredity 69 : 562 572.
66. Willis, J. H. 1993. Effects of different levels of inbreeding on fitness components in Mimulus guttatus. Evolution 47 : 864 876.
67. Willis, J. H. 1999a. The contribution of male-sterility mutations to inbreeding depression in Mimulus guttatus. Heredity 83 : 337 346.
68. Willis, J. H. 1999b. Inbreeding load, average dominance and the mutation rate for mildly deleterious alleles in Mimulus guttatus. Genetics 153 : 1885 1898.
69. Willis, J. H. 1999c. The role of genes of large effect on inbreeding depression in Mimulus guttatus. Evolution 53 : 1678 1691.
70. Willis, J. H., and H. A. Orr. 1993. Increased heritable variation following population bottlenecks - the role of dominance. Evolution 47 : 949 957.
71. Willis, K., and R. J. Wiese. 1997. Elimination of inbreeding depression from captive populations: Speke's gazelle revisited. Zoo Biol. 16 : 9 16.
72. Wright, S. 1977. Evolution and the genetics of populations Vol. 3: experimental results and evolutionary deductions. Chicago : Univ. of Chicago.