메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 55, Issue 5, 2008, Pages 793-802

Depression of spinal network activity by thiopental: Shift from phasic to tonic GABAA receptor-mediated inhibition

Author keywords

Anesthesia; Barbiturates; GABAA receptor; Glycine receptor; Immobility; Spinal cord

Indexed keywords

4 AMINOBUTYRIC ACID A RECEPTOR; GLYCINE RECEPTOR; THIOPENTAL;

EID: 50849098830     PISSN: 00283908     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2008.06.026     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (14)

References (56)
  • 1
    • 0032839130 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Different actions of general anesthetics on the firing patterns of neocortical neurons mediated by the GABA(A) receptor
    • Antkowiak B. Different actions of general anesthetics on the firing patterns of neocortical neurons mediated by the GABA(A) receptor. Anesthesiology 91 (1999) 500-511
    • (1999) Anesthesiology , vol.91 , pp. 500-511
    • Antkowiak, B.1
  • 2
    • 0344222171 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of small concentrations of volatile anesthetics on action potential firing of neocortical neurons in vitro
    • Antkowiak B., and Helfrich F.C. Effects of small concentrations of volatile anesthetics on action potential firing of neocortical neurons in vitro. Anesthesiology 88 (1998) 1592-1605
    • (1998) Anesthesiology , vol.88 , pp. 1592-1605
    • Antkowiak, B.1    Helfrich, F.C.2
  • 3
    • 0036204910 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does the immobilizing effect of thiopental in brain exceed that of halothane?
    • Antognini J.F., Carstens E., and Atherley R. Does the immobilizing effect of thiopental in brain exceed that of halothane?. Anesthesiology 96 (2002) 980-986
    • (2002) Anesthesiology , vol.96 , pp. 980-986
    • Antognini, J.F.1    Carstens, E.2    Atherley, R.3
  • 4
    • 0027136076 scopus 로고
    • Exaggerated anesthetic requirements in the preferentially anesthetized brain
    • Antognini J.F., and Schwartz K. Exaggerated anesthetic requirements in the preferentially anesthetized brain. Anesthesiology 79 (1993) 1244-1249
    • (1993) Anesthesiology , vol.79 , pp. 1244-1249
    • Antognini, J.F.1    Schwartz, K.2
  • 5
    • 0031872365 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of desflurane with isoflurane or propofol in spontaneously breathing ambulatory patients
    • Ashworth J., and Smith I. Comparison of desflurane with isoflurane or propofol in spontaneously breathing ambulatory patients. Anesth. Analg. 87 (1998) 312-318
    • (1998) Anesth. Analg. , vol.87 , pp. 312-318
    • Ashworth, J.1    Smith, I.2
  • 6
    • 0242570575 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spinal circuits formation: a study of developmentally regulated markers in organotypic cultures of embryonic mouse spinal cord
    • Avossa D., Rosato-Siri M.D., Mazzarol F., and Ballerini L. Spinal circuits formation: a study of developmentally regulated markers in organotypic cultures of embryonic mouse spinal cord. Neuroscience 122 (2003) 391-405
    • (2003) Neuroscience , vol.122 , pp. 391-405
    • Avossa, D.1    Rosato-Siri, M.D.2    Mazzarol, F.3    Ballerini, L.4
  • 7
    • 0032449496 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Network bursting by organotypic spinal slice cultures in the presence of bicuculline and/or strychnine is developmentally regulated
    • Ballerini L., and Galante M. Network bursting by organotypic spinal slice cultures in the presence of bicuculline and/or strychnine is developmentally regulated. Eur. J. Neurosci. 10 (1998) 2871-2879
    • (1998) Eur. J. Neurosci. , vol.10 , pp. 2871-2879
    • Ballerini, L.1    Galante, M.2
  • 8
    • 0033153231 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Generation of rhythmic patterns of activity by ventral interneurones in rat organotypic spinal slice culture
    • Ballerini L., Galante M., Grandolfo M., and Nistri A. Generation of rhythmic patterns of activity by ventral interneurones in rat organotypic spinal slice culture. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 517 (1999) 459-475
    • (1999) J. Physiol. (Lond.) , vol.517 , pp. 459-475
    • Ballerini, L.1    Galante, M.2    Grandolfo, M.3    Nistri, A.4
  • 9
    • 0020003869 scopus 로고
    • Fluctuation analysis of neutral amino acid responses in cultured mouse spinal neurones
    • Barker J.L., McBurney R.N., and MacDonald J.F. Fluctuation analysis of neutral amino acid responses in cultured mouse spinal neurones. J. Physiol. 322 (1982) 365-387
    • (1982) J. Physiol. , vol.322 , pp. 365-387
    • Barker, J.L.1    McBurney, R.N.2    MacDonald, J.F.3
  • 10
    • 0032692832 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interaction between disinhibited bursting and fictive locomotor patterns in the rat isolated spinal cord
    • Beato M., and Nistri A. Interaction between disinhibited bursting and fictive locomotor patterns in the rat isolated spinal cord. J. Neurophysiol. 82 (1999) 2029-2038
    • (1999) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.82 , pp. 2029-2038
    • Beato, M.1    Nistri, A.2
  • 11
    • 0024395053 scopus 로고
    • A modified roller tube technique for organotypic cocultures of embryonic rat spinal cord, sensory ganglia and skeletal muscle
    • Braschler U.F., Iannone A., Spenger C., Streit J., and Luscher H.R. A modified roller tube technique for organotypic cocultures of embryonic rat spinal cord, sensory ganglia and skeletal muscle. J. Neurosci. Methods 29 (1989) 121-129
    • (1989) J. Neurosci. Methods , vol.29 , pp. 121-129
    • Braschler, U.F.1    Iannone, A.2    Spenger, C.3    Streit, J.4    Luscher, H.R.5
  • 12
    • 0038623543 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of actions of inhaled anesthetics
    • Campagna J.A., Miller K.W., and Forman S.A. Mechanisms of actions of inhaled anesthetics. N. Engl. J. Med. 348 (2003) 2110-2124
    • (2003) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.348 , pp. 2110-2124
    • Campagna, J.A.1    Miller, K.W.2    Forman, S.A.3
  • 13
    • 0033771317 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enflurane directly depresses glutamate AMPA and NMDA currents in mouse spinal cord motor neurons independent of actions on GABAA or glycine receptors
    • Cheng G., and Kendig J.J. Enflurane directly depresses glutamate AMPA and NMDA currents in mouse spinal cord motor neurons independent of actions on GABAA or glycine receptors. Anesthesiology 93 (2000) 1075-1084
    • (2000) Anesthesiology , vol.93 , pp. 1075-1084
    • Cheng, G.1    Kendig, J.J.2
  • 14
    • 0037406172 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enflurane decreases glutamate neurotransmission to spinal cord motor neurons by both pre- and postsynaptic actions
    • Cheng G., and Kendig J.J. Enflurane decreases glutamate neurotransmission to spinal cord motor neurons by both pre- and postsynaptic actions. Anesth. Analg. 96 (2003) 1354-1359
    • (2003) Anesth. Analg. , vol.96 , pp. 1354-1359
    • Cheng, G.1    Kendig, J.J.2
  • 15
    • 0028787286 scopus 로고
    • Anesthetic actions within the spinal cord: contributions to the state of general anesthesia
    • Collins J.G., Kendig J.J., and Mason P. Anesthetic actions within the spinal cord: contributions to the state of general anesthesia. Trends Neurosci. 18 (1995) 549-553
    • (1995) Trends Neurosci. , vol.18 , pp. 549-553
    • Collins, J.G.1    Kendig, J.J.2    Mason, P.3
  • 16
    • 0036460161 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms controlling bursting activity induced by disinhibition in spinal cord networks
    • Darbon P., Scicluna L., Tscherter A., and Streit J. Mechanisms controlling bursting activity induced by disinhibition in spinal cord networks. Eur. J. Neurosci. 15 (2002) 671-683
    • (2002) Eur. J. Neurosci. , vol.15 , pp. 671-683
    • Darbon, P.1    Scicluna, L.2    Tscherter, A.3    Streit, J.4
  • 17
    • 0036201636 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selective synaptic actions of thiopental and its enantiomers
    • Dickinson R., de Sousa S.L., Lieb W.R., and Franks N.P. Selective synaptic actions of thiopental and its enantiomers. Anesthesiology 96 (2002) 884-892
    • (2002) Anesthesiology , vol.96 , pp. 884-892
    • Dickinson, R.1    de Sousa, S.L.2    Lieb, W.R.3    Franks, N.P.4
  • 18
    • 0028964438 scopus 로고
    • Gramicidin-perforated patch recording: GABA response in mammalian neurones with intact intracellular chloride
    • Ebihara S., Shirato K., Harata N., and Akaike N. Gramicidin-perforated patch recording: GABA response in mammalian neurones with intact intracellular chloride. J. Physiol. 484 (1995) 77-86
    • (1995) J. Physiol. , vol.484 , pp. 77-86
    • Ebihara, S.1    Shirato, K.2    Harata, N.3    Akaike, N.4
  • 19
    • 14844323722 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variations on an inhibitory theme: phasic and tonic activation of GABA(A) receptors
    • Farrant M., and Nusser Z. Variations on an inhibitory theme: phasic and tonic activation of GABA(A) receptors. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 6 (2005) 215-229
    • (2005) Nat. Rev. Neurosci. , vol.6 , pp. 215-229
    • Farrant, M.1    Nusser, Z.2
  • 20
    • 0028140369 scopus 로고
    • Molecular and cellular mechanisms of general anaesthesia
    • Franks N.P., and Lieb W.R. Molecular and cellular mechanisms of general anaesthesia. Nature 367 (1994) 607-614
    • (1994) Nature , vol.367 , pp. 607-614
    • Franks, N.P.1    Lieb, W.R.2
  • 21
    • 0032713541 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interaction of intravenous anesthetics with human neuronal potassium currents in relation to clinical concentrations
    • Friederich P., and Urban B.W. Interaction of intravenous anesthetics with human neuronal potassium currents in relation to clinical concentrations. Anesthesiology 91 (1999) 1853-1860
    • (1999) Anesthesiology , vol.91 , pp. 1853-1860
    • Friederich, P.1    Urban, B.W.2
  • 22
    • 0019725433 scopus 로고
    • Organotypic monolayer cultures of nervous tissue
    • Gähwiler B.H. Organotypic monolayer cultures of nervous tissue. J. Neurosci. Methods 4 (1981) 329-342
    • (1981) J. Neurosci. Methods , vol.4 , pp. 329-342
    • Gähwiler, B.H.1
  • 23
    • 34547097254 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The main source of ambient GABA responsible for tonic inhibition in the mouse hippocampus
    • Glykys J., and Mody I. The main source of ambient GABA responsible for tonic inhibition in the mouse hippocampus. J. Physiol. 582 (2007) 1163-1178
    • (2007) J. Physiol. , vol.582 , pp. 1163-1178
    • Glykys, J.1    Mody, I.2
  • 24
    • 7244221691 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Propofol and sevoflurane depress spinal neurons in vitro via different molecular targets
    • Grasshoff C., and Antkowiak B. Propofol and sevoflurane depress spinal neurons in vitro via different molecular targets. Anesthesiology 101 (2004) 1167-1176
    • (2004) Anesthesiology , vol.101 , pp. 1167-1176
    • Grasshoff, C.1    Antkowiak, B.2
  • 25
    • 33750107049 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of isoflurane and enflurane on GABAA and glycine receptors contribute equally to depressant actions on spinal ventral horn neurones in rats
    • Grasshoff C., and Antkowiak B. Effects of isoflurane and enflurane on GABAA and glycine receptors contribute equally to depressant actions on spinal ventral horn neurones in rats. Br. J. Anaesth. 97 (2006) 687-694
    • (2006) Br. J. Anaesth. , vol.97 , pp. 687-694
    • Grasshoff, C.1    Antkowiak, B.2
  • 26
    • 33749441324 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anaesthetic drugs: linking molecular actions to clinical effects
    • Grasshoff C., Drexler B., Rudolph U., and Antkowiak B. Anaesthetic drugs: linking molecular actions to clinical effects. Curr. Pharm. Des. 12 (2006) 3665-3679
    • (2006) Curr. Pharm. Des. , vol.12 , pp. 3665-3679
    • Grasshoff, C.1    Drexler, B.2    Rudolph, U.3    Antkowiak, B.4
  • 27
    • 34548329110 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modulation of presynaptic β3-containing GABAA receptors limits the immobilizing actions of GABAergic anesthetics
    • Grasshoff C., Jurd R., Rudolph U., and Antkowiak B. Modulation of presynaptic β3-containing GABAA receptors limits the immobilizing actions of GABAergic anesthetics. Mol. Pharmacol. 72 (2007) 780-787
    • (2007) Mol. Pharmacol. , vol.72 , pp. 780-787
    • Grasshoff, C.1    Jurd, R.2    Rudolph, U.3    Antkowiak, B.4
  • 29
    • 1542355456 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Binary combinations of propofol and barbiturates on human alpha(1) glycine receptors expressed in Xenopus oocytes
    • Hadipour-Jahromy M., and Daniels S. Binary combinations of propofol and barbiturates on human alpha(1) glycine receptors expressed in Xenopus oocytes. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 477 (2003) 81-86
    • (2003) Eur. J. Pharmacol. , vol.477 , pp. 81-86
    • Hadipour-Jahromy, M.1    Daniels, S.2
  • 31
    • 0026721296 scopus 로고
    • Thiopental pharmacodynamics. II. Quantitation of clinical and electroencephalographic depth of anesthesia
    • Hung O.R., Varvel J.R., Shafer S.L., and Stanski D.R. Thiopental pharmacodynamics. II. Quantitation of clinical and electroencephalographic depth of anesthesia. Anesthesiology 77 (1992) 237-244
    • (1992) Anesthesiology , vol.77 , pp. 237-244
    • Hung, O.R.1    Varvel, J.R.2    Shafer, S.L.3    Stanski, D.R.4
  • 32
    • 24144442832 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Isoflurane disrupts central pattern generator activity and coordination in the lamprey isolated spinal cord
    • Jinks S.L., Atherley R.J., Dominguez C.L., Sigvardt K.A., and Antognini J.F. Isoflurane disrupts central pattern generator activity and coordination in the lamprey isolated spinal cord. Anesthesiology 103 (2005) 567-575
    • (2005) Anesthesiology , vol.103 , pp. 567-575
    • Jinks, S.L.1    Atherley, R.J.2    Dominguez, C.L.3    Sigvardt, K.A.4    Antognini, J.F.5
  • 34
    • 0015386878 scopus 로고
    • The statistical nature of the acetylcholine potential and its molecular components
    • Katz B., and Miledi R. The statistical nature of the acetylcholine potential and its molecular components. J. Physiol. 224 (1972) 665-699
    • (1972) J. Physiol. , vol.224 , pp. 665-699
    • Katz, B.1    Miledi, R.2
  • 35
    • 33744901157 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Locomotor circuits in the mammalian spinal cord
    • Kiehn O. Locomotor circuits in the mammalian spinal cord. Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 29 (2006) 279-306
    • (2006) Annu. Rev. Neurosci. , vol.29 , pp. 279-306
    • Kiehn, O.1
  • 36
    • 34748872025 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurons in the ventral spinal cord are more depressed by isoflurane, halothane, and propofol than are neurons in the dorsal spinal cord
    • Kim J., Yao A., Atherley R., Carstens E., Jinks S.L., and Antognini J.F. Neurons in the ventral spinal cord are more depressed by isoflurane, halothane, and propofol than are neurons in the dorsal spinal cord. Anesth. Analg. 105 (2007) 1020-1026
    • (2007) Anesth. Analg. , vol.105 , pp. 1020-1026
    • Kim, J.1    Yao, A.2    Atherley, R.3    Carstens, E.4    Jinks, S.L.5    Antognini, J.F.6
  • 37
    • 20344403728 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Isoflurane-induced surgical tolerance mediated only in part by beta3-containing GABA(A) receptors
    • Lambert S., Arras M., Vogt K.E., and Rudolph U. Isoflurane-induced surgical tolerance mediated only in part by beta3-containing GABA(A) receptors. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 516 (2005) 23-27
    • (2005) Eur. J. Pharmacol. , vol.516 , pp. 23-27
    • Lambert, S.1    Arras, M.2    Vogt, K.E.3    Rudolph, U.4
  • 38
    • 0037314113 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential interaction of anaesthetics and antiepileptic drugs with neuronal Na+ channels, Ca2+ channels, and GABA(A) receptors
    • Lingamaneni R., and Hemmings Jr. H.C. Differential interaction of anaesthetics and antiepileptic drugs with neuronal Na+ channels, Ca2+ channels, and GABA(A) receptors. Br. J. Anaesth. 90 (2003) 199-211
    • (2003) Br. J. Anaesth. , vol.90 , pp. 199-211
    • Lingamaneni, R.1    Hemmings Jr., H.C.2
  • 39
    • 9244228006 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Potent activation of the human tandem pore domain K channel TRESK with clinical concentrations of volatile anesthetics
    • Liu C., Au J.D., Zou H.L., Cotten J.F., and Yost C.S. Potent activation of the human tandem pore domain K channel TRESK with clinical concentrations of volatile anesthetics. Anesth. Analg. 99 (2004) 1715-1722
    • (2004) Anesth. Analg. , vol.99 , pp. 1715-1722
    • Liu, C.1    Au, J.D.2    Zou, H.L.3    Cotten, J.F.4    Yost, C.S.5
  • 40
    • 33745795153 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of thiopental sodium on N-methyl-d-aspartate-gated currents
    • Liu H., Dai T., and Yao S. Effect of thiopental sodium on N-methyl-d-aspartate-gated currents. Can. J. Anaesth. 53 (2006) 442-448
    • (2006) Can. J. Anaesth. , vol.53 , pp. 442-448
    • Liu, H.1    Dai, T.2    Yao, S.3
  • 41
    • 0036829498 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The general anesthetic pentobarbital slows desensitization and deactivation of the glycine receptor in the rat spinal dorsal horn neurons
    • Lu H., and Xu T.L. The general anesthetic pentobarbital slows desensitization and deactivation of the glycine receptor in the rat spinal dorsal horn neurons. J. Biol. Chem. 277 (2002) 41369-41378
    • (2002) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.277 , pp. 41369-41378
    • Lu, H.1    Xu, T.L.2
  • 42
    • 23944488017 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anesthetic-induced burst suppression EEG activity requires glutamate-mediated excitatory synaptic transmission
    • Lukatch H.S., Kiddoo C.E., and MacIver M.B. Anesthetic-induced burst suppression EEG activity requires glutamate-mediated excitatory synaptic transmission. Cereb. Cortex 15 (2005) 1322-1331
    • (2005) Cereb. Cortex , vol.15 , pp. 1322-1331
    • Lukatch, H.S.1    Kiddoo, C.E.2    MacIver, M.B.3
  • 43
    • 0029905454 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synaptic mechanisms of thiopental-induced alterations in synchronized cortical activity
    • Lukatch H.S., and MacIver M.B. Synaptic mechanisms of thiopental-induced alterations in synchronized cortical activity. Anesthesiology 84 (1996) 1425-1434
    • (1996) Anesthesiology , vol.84 , pp. 1425-1434
    • Lukatch, H.S.1    MacIver, M.B.2
  • 44
    • 0029847273 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Principles of rhythmic motor pattern generation
    • Marder E., and Calabrese R.L. Principles of rhythmic motor pattern generation. Physiol. Rev. 76 (1996) 687-717
    • (1996) Physiol. Rev. , vol.76 , pp. 687-717
    • Marder, E.1    Calabrese, R.L.2
  • 46
    • 0032772301 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Target-controlled propofol vs. sevoflurane: a double-blind, randomised comparison in day-case anaesthesia
    • Smith I., and Thwaites A.J. Target-controlled propofol vs. sevoflurane: a double-blind, randomised comparison in day-case anaesthesia. Anaesthesia 54 (1999) 745-752
    • (1999) Anaesthesia , vol.54 , pp. 745-752
    • Smith, I.1    Thwaites, A.J.2
  • 48
    • 0037369676 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • GABA(A) receptor blockade antagonizes the immobilizing action of propofol but not ketamine or isoflurane in a dose-related manner
    • Sonner J.M., Zhang Y., Stabernack C., Abaigar W., Xing Y., and Laster M.J. GABA(A) receptor blockade antagonizes the immobilizing action of propofol but not ketamine or isoflurane in a dose-related manner. Anesth. Analg. 96 (2003) 706-712
    • (2003) Anesth. Analg. , vol.96 , pp. 706-712
    • Sonner, J.M.1    Zhang, Y.2    Stabernack, C.3    Abaigar, W.4    Xing, Y.5    Laster, M.J.6
  • 49
    • 0025935416 scopus 로고
    • An organotypic spinal cord - dorsal root ganglion - skeletal muscle coculture of embryonic rat. I. The morphological correlates of the spinal reflex arc
    • Spenger C., Braschler U.F., Streit J., and Luscher H.R. An organotypic spinal cord - dorsal root ganglion - skeletal muscle coculture of embryonic rat. I. The morphological correlates of the spinal reflex arc. Eur. J. Neurosci. 3 (1991) 1037-1053
    • (1991) Eur. J. Neurosci. , vol.3 , pp. 1037-1053
    • Spenger, C.1    Braschler, U.F.2    Streit, J.3    Luscher, H.R.4
  • 50
    • 0026038918 scopus 로고
    • An organotypic spinal cord - dorsal root ganglion - skeletal muscle coculture of embryonic rat. II. Functional evidence for the formation of spinal reflex arcs in vitro
    • Streit J., Spenger C., and Luscher H.R. An organotypic spinal cord - dorsal root ganglion - skeletal muscle coculture of embryonic rat. II. Functional evidence for the formation of spinal reflex arcs in vitro. Eur. J. Neurosci. 3 (1991) 1054-1068
    • (1991) Eur. J. Neurosci. , vol.3 , pp. 1054-1068
    • Streit, J.1    Spenger, C.2    Luscher, H.R.3
  • 51
    • 0033948991 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anticonvulsants but not general anesthetics have differential blocking effects on different T-type current variants
    • Todorovic S.M., Perez-Reyes E., and Lingle C.J. Anticonvulsants but not general anesthetics have differential blocking effects on different T-type current variants. Mol. Pharmacol. 58 (2000) 98-108
    • (2000) Mol. Pharmacol. , vol.58 , pp. 98-108
    • Todorovic, S.M.1    Perez-Reyes, E.2    Lingle, C.J.3
  • 52
    • 0033798586 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical comparison of 'single agent' anaesthesia with sevoflurane versus target controlled infusion of propofol
    • Watson K.R., and Shah M.V. Clinical comparison of 'single agent' anaesthesia with sevoflurane versus target controlled infusion of propofol. Br. J. Anaesth. 85 (2000) 541-546
    • (2000) Br. J. Anaesth. , vol.85 , pp. 541-546
    • Watson, K.R.1    Shah, M.V.2
  • 53
    • 0034943239 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enflurane actions on spinal cords from mice that lack the beta3 subunit of the GABA(A) receptor
    • Wong S.M., Cheng G., Homanics G.E., and Kendig J.J. Enflurane actions on spinal cords from mice that lack the beta3 subunit of the GABA(A) receptor. Anesthesiology 95 (2001) 154-164
    • (2001) Anesthesiology , vol.95 , pp. 154-164
    • Wong, S.M.1    Cheng, G.2    Homanics, G.E.3    Kendig, J.J.4
  • 54
    • 33645501238 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid A receptor function by thiopental in the rat spinal dorsal horn neurons
    • Yang C.X., Xu H., Zhou K.Q., Wang M.Y., and Xu T.L. Modulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid A receptor function by thiopental in the rat spinal dorsal horn neurons. Anesth. Analg. 102 (2006) 1114-1120
    • (2006) Anesth. Analg. , vol.102 , pp. 1114-1120
    • Yang, C.X.1    Xu, H.2    Zhou, K.Q.3    Wang, M.Y.4    Xu, T.L.5
  • 55
    • 33847139828 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of a molecular target mediating the general anesthetic actions of pentobarbital
    • Zeller A., Arras M., Jurd R., and Rudolph U. Identification of a molecular target mediating the general anesthetic actions of pentobarbital. Mol. Pharmacol. 71 (2007) 852-859
    • (2007) Mol. Pharmacol. , vol.71 , pp. 852-859
    • Zeller, A.1    Arras, M.2    Jurd, R.3    Rudolph, U.4
  • 56
    • 0031743926 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential inhibitory effects of thiopental, thiamylal and phenobarbital on both voltage-gated calcium channels and NMDA receptors in rat hippocampal slices
    • Zhan R.Z., Fujiwara N., Yamakura T., Taga K., Fukuda S., and Shimoji K. Differential inhibitory effects of thiopental, thiamylal and phenobarbital on both voltage-gated calcium channels and NMDA receptors in rat hippocampal slices. Br. J. Anaesth. 81 (1998) 932-939
    • (1998) Br. J. Anaesth. , vol.81 , pp. 932-939
    • Zhan, R.Z.1    Fujiwara, N.2    Yamakura, T.3    Taga, K.4    Fukuda, S.5    Shimoji, K.6


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.