메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 108, Issue 2, 2008, Pages 418-443

Representational flexibility and specificity following spatial descriptions of real-world environments

Author keywords

Maps; Memory; Mental models; Spatial cognition

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; CLINICAL ARTICLE; COGNITION; DEPTH PERCEPTION; HUMAN; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; MENTAL PERFORMANCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SPATIAL MEMORY; WORKING MEMORY;

EID: 45849124219     PISSN: 00100277     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2008.03.005     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (46)

References (96)
  • 1
    • 84969899903 scopus 로고
    • Styles and methods of structuring a city
    • Appleyard D. Styles and methods of structuring a city. Environment and Behavior 2 (1970) 100-118
    • (1970) Environment and Behavior , vol.2 , pp. 100-118
    • Appleyard, D.1
  • 2
    • 77956946453 scopus 로고
    • Human memory: A proposed system and its control processes
    • Spence K.W., and Spence J.T. (Eds), Academic Press, London
    • Atkinson R.C., and Shiffrin R.M. Human memory: A proposed system and its control processes. In: Spence K.W., and Spence J.T. (Eds). The psychology of learning and motivation. 8th ed. (1968), Academic Press, London
    • (1968) The psychology of learning and motivation. 8th ed.
    • Atkinson, R.C.1    Shiffrin, R.M.2
  • 4
    • 0242552025 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatial updating of environments described in texts
    • Avraamides M.N. Spatial updating of environments described in texts. Cognitive Psychology 47 4 (2003) 402-431
    • (2003) Cognitive Psychology , vol.47 , Issue.4 , pp. 402-431
    • Avraamides, M.N.1
  • 6
    • 0344952299 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatial models derived from verbal descriptions of fictitious environments: The influence of study time and the individual differences in visuo-spatial ability
    • Bosco A., Sardone L., Scalisi T.G., and Longoni A.M. Spatial models derived from verbal descriptions of fictitious environments: The influence of study time and the individual differences in visuo-spatial ability. Psychologische Beiträge 38 (1996) 451-466
    • (1996) Psychologische Beiträge , vol.38 , pp. 451-466
    • Bosco, A.1    Sardone, L.2    Scalisi, T.G.3    Longoni, A.M.4
  • 7
    • 38349060801 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extended experience benefits spatial mental model development with route but not survey descriptions
    • Brunyé T.T., and Taylor H.A. Extended experience benefits spatial mental model development with route but not survey descriptions. Acta Psychologica 127 (2008) 340-354
    • (2008) Acta Psychologica , vol.127 , pp. 340-354
    • Brunyé, T.T.1    Taylor, H.A.2
  • 8
    • 39749148375 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Working memory mechanisms in developing spatial mental models from survey and route descriptions
    • Brunyé T.T., and Taylor H.A. Working memory mechanisms in developing spatial mental models from survey and route descriptions. Journal of Memory and Language 58 (2008) 701-729
    • (2008) Journal of Memory and Language , vol.58 , pp. 701-729
    • Brunyé, T.T.1    Taylor, H.A.2
  • 9
    • 33751024277 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Procedural learning: The role of working memory in multimedia learning experiences
    • Brunyé T.T., Taylor H.A., Rapp D.N., and Spiro A.B. Procedural learning: The role of working memory in multimedia learning experiences. Applied Cognitive Psychology 20 (2006) 917-940
    • (2006) Applied Cognitive Psychology , vol.20 , pp. 917-940
    • Brunyé, T.T.1    Taylor, H.A.2    Rapp, D.N.3    Spiro, A.B.4
  • 10
    • 45849143756 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Levels of detail in descriptions and depictions of geographic space
    • Brunyé T.T., Taylor H.A., and Worboys M. Levels of detail in descriptions and depictions of geographic space. Spatial Cognition and Computation 7 3 (2007) 227-266
    • (2007) Spatial Cognition and Computation , vol.7 , Issue.3 , pp. 227-266
    • Brunyé, T.T.1    Taylor, H.A.2    Worboys, M.3
  • 12
    • 33751417401 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatial memory: How egocentric and allocentric combine
    • Burgess N. Spatial memory: How egocentric and allocentric combine. Trends in Cognitive Sciences 10 (2006) 551-557
    • (2006) Trends in Cognitive Sciences , vol.10 , pp. 551-557
    • Burgess, N.1
  • 14
    • 33749035824 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mental scanning of images constructed from visual experience of verbal descriptions: The impact of survey versus route perspective
    • Chabanne V., Péruch P., Denis M., and Thinus-Blanc C. Mental scanning of images constructed from visual experience of verbal descriptions: The impact of survey versus route perspective. Imagination, Cognition and Personality 23 (2004) 163-171
    • (2004) Imagination, Cognition and Personality , vol.23 , pp. 163-171
    • Chabanne, V.1    Péruch, P.2    Denis, M.3    Thinus-Blanc, C.4
  • 16
    • 0034938985 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Updating spatial layouts mediated by pointing and labeling under physical and imaginary rotation
    • De Vega M., and Rodrigo M.J. Updating spatial layouts mediated by pointing and labeling under physical and imaginary rotation. European Journal of Cognitive Psychology 13 (2001) 369-393
    • (2001) European Journal of Cognitive Psychology , vol.13 , pp. 369-393
    • De Vega, M.1    Rodrigo, M.J.2
  • 17
    • 36849036860 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing the symbolic distance effect in mental images constructed from verbal descriptions: A study of individual differences in the mental comparison of distances
    • Denis M. Assessing the symbolic distance effect in mental images constructed from verbal descriptions: A study of individual differences in the mental comparison of distances. Acta Psychologica 127 (2008) 197-210
    • (2008) Acta Psychologica , vol.127 , pp. 197-210
    • Denis, M.1
  • 18
    • 0000396131 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatial discourse and navigation: An analysis of route directions in the City of Venice
    • Denis M., Pazzaglia F., Cornoldi C., and Bertolo L. Spatial discourse and navigation: An analysis of route directions in the City of Venice. Applied Cognitive Science 13 2 (1999) 145-174
    • (1999) Applied Cognitive Science , vol.13 , Issue.2 , pp. 145-174
    • Denis, M.1    Pazzaglia, F.2    Cornoldi, C.3    Bertolo, L.4
  • 19
    • 33646861632 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Visuospatial working memory and the processing of spatial descriptions
    • Deyzac E., Logie R.H., and Denis M. Visuospatial working memory and the processing of spatial descriptions. British Journal of Psychology 97 (2006) 217-243
    • (2006) British Journal of Psychology , vol.97 , pp. 217-243
    • Deyzac, E.1    Logie, R.H.2    Denis, M.3
  • 20
  • 23
    • 0028286609 scopus 로고
    • Properties of cognitive maps constructed from text
    • Ferguson E.L., and Hegarty M. Properties of cognitive maps constructed from text. Memory & Cognition 22 (1994) 455-473
    • (1994) Memory & Cognition , vol.22 , pp. 455-473
    • Ferguson, E.L.1    Hegarty, M.2
  • 24
    • 33947641981 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wayfinding with words: Spatial learning and navigation using dynamically-updated verbal descriptions
    • Giudice N.A., Bakdash J.Z., and Legge G.E. Wayfinding with words: Spatial learning and navigation using dynamically-updated verbal descriptions. Psychological Research 71 3 (2007) 347-358
    • (2007) Psychological Research , vol.71 , Issue.3 , pp. 347-358
    • Giudice, N.A.1    Bakdash, J.Z.2    Legge, G.E.3
  • 25
    • 84977383135 scopus 로고
    • Comprehending the urban environment: Theory and practice
    • Golledge R., and Spector A.N. Comprehending the urban environment: Theory and practice. Geographical Analysis 10 (1978) 403-426
    • (1978) Geographical Analysis , vol.10 , pp. 403-426
    • Golledge, R.1    Spector, A.N.2
  • 26
    • 33947613500 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Working memory components and imagery instructions in the elaboration of a spatial mental model
    • Gyselinck V., De Beni R., Pazzaglia F., Meneghetti C., and Mondoloni A. Working memory components and imagery instructions in the elaboration of a spatial mental model. Psychological Research 71 3 (2007) 373-382
    • (2007) Psychological Research , vol.71 , Issue.3 , pp. 373-382
    • Gyselinck, V.1    De Beni, R.2    Pazzaglia, F.3    Meneghetti, C.4    Mondoloni, A.5
  • 27
    • 0037421993 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The well-worn route and the path less traveled: Distinct neural bases of route following and wayfinding in humans
    • Hartley T., Maguire E.A., Spiers H.J., and Burgess N. The well-worn route and the path less traveled: Distinct neural bases of route following and wayfinding in humans. Neuron 37 (2003) 877-888
    • (2003) Neuron , vol.37 , pp. 877-888
    • Hartley, T.1    Maguire, E.A.2    Spiers, H.J.3    Burgess, N.4
  • 28
    • 33144489682 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Individual differences in spatial ability
    • Shah P., and Miyake A. (Eds), Cambridge University Press, New York
    • Hegarty M., and Waller D.A. Individual differences in spatial ability. In: Shah P., and Miyake A. (Eds). The Cambridge handbook of visuospatial thinking (2005), Cambridge University Press, New York 121-169
    • (2005) The Cambridge handbook of visuospatial thinking , pp. 121-169
    • Hegarty, M.1    Waller, D.A.2
  • 29
    • 0022055330 scopus 로고
    • Evidence of hierarchies in cognitive maps
    • Hirtle S.C., and Jonides J. Evidence of hierarchies in cognitive maps. Memory & Cognition 13 (1985) 208-217
    • (1985) Memory & Cognition , vol.13 , pp. 208-217
    • Hirtle, S.C.1    Jonides, J.2
  • 30
    • 31544462651 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatial knowledge acquisition from direct experience in the environment: Individual differences in the development of metric knowledge and the integration of separately learned places
    • Ishikawa T., and Montello D.R. Spatial knowledge acquisition from direct experience in the environment: Individual differences in the development of metric knowledge and the integration of separately learned places. Cognitive Psychology 52 (2006) 93-129
    • (2006) Cognitive Psychology , vol.52 , pp. 93-129
    • Ishikawa, T.1    Montello, D.R.2
  • 33
    • 0037334314 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Encoding, learning, and spatial updating of multiple object locations specified by 3-d sound, spatial language, and vision
    • Klatzky R.L., Lippa Y., Loomis J.M., and Golledge R.G. Encoding, learning, and spatial updating of multiple object locations specified by 3-d sound, spatial language, and vision. Experimental Brain Research 149 1 (2003) 48-61
    • (2003) Experimental Brain Research , vol.149 , Issue.1 , pp. 48-61
    • Klatzky, R.L.1    Lippa, Y.2    Loomis, J.M.3    Golledge, R.G.4
  • 35
    • 0018216873 scopus 로고
    • Modeling spatial knowledge
    • Kuipers B.J. Modeling spatial knowledge. Cognitive Science 2 (1978) 129-153
    • (1978) Cognitive Science , vol.2 , pp. 129-153
    • Kuipers, B.J.1
  • 36
    • 77956784722 scopus 로고
    • Reference maps as a framework for remembering text
    • Schnotz, and Kulhavy (Eds), Elsevier Science, Holland
    • Kulhavy R.W., Stock W.A., and Caterino L.C. Reference maps as a framework for remembering text. In: Schnotz, and Kulhavy (Eds). Comprehension of graphics (1994), Elsevier Science, Holland 153-162
    • (1994) Comprehension of graphics , pp. 153-162
    • Kulhavy, R.W.1    Stock, W.A.2    Caterino, L.C.3
  • 38
    • 84970478985 scopus 로고
    • Black youths view their environment: Neighborhood maps
    • Ladd F. Black youths view their environment: Neighborhood maps. Environment and Behavior 2 (1970) 74-99
    • (1970) Environment and Behavior , vol.2 , pp. 74-99
    • Ladd, F.1
  • 39
    • 0242592090 scopus 로고
    • Why a diagram is (sometimes) worth ten thousand words
    • Larkin J.H., and Simon H.A. Why a diagram is (sometimes) worth ten thousand words. Cognitive Science 11 (1987) 65-99
    • (1987) Cognitive Science , vol.11 , pp. 65-99
    • Larkin, J.H.1    Simon, H.A.2
  • 40
    • 33646873562 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Costs of switching perspectives in route and survey descriptions
    • Moore J., and Stenning K. (Eds), Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Mahwah, NJ
    • Lee P., and Tversky B. Costs of switching perspectives in route and survey descriptions. In: Moore J., and Stenning K. (Eds). Proceedings of the 23th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society (2001), Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Mahwah, NJ 574-579
    • (2001) Proceedings of the 23th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society , pp. 574-579
    • Lee, P.1    Tversky, B.2
  • 41
    • 38349000296 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interplay between visual and spatial: The effect of landmark descriptions on comprehension of route/survey spatial descriptions
    • Lee P.U., and Tversky B. Interplay between visual and spatial: The effect of landmark descriptions on comprehension of route/survey spatial descriptions. Spatial Cognition and Computation 5 (2005) 163-185
    • (2005) Spatial Cognition and Computation , vol.5 , pp. 163-185
    • Lee, P.U.1    Tversky, B.2
  • 43
  • 45
    • 84925892371 scopus 로고
    • Spatial structures as a site for the study of language and thought
    • Linde C., and Labov W. Spatial structures as a site for the study of language and thought. Language 51 (1975) 924-939
    • (1975) Language , vol.51 , pp. 924-939
    • Linde, C.1    Labov, W.2
  • 46
    • 0005085346 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Understandng and learning maps
    • Kitchin R., and Freundschuh S. (Eds), Routledge, London, UK
    • Lloyd R. Understandng and learning maps. In: Kitchin R., and Freundschuh S. (Eds). Cognitive mapping: Past, present, and future (2000), Routledge, London, UK 88-107
    • (2000) Cognitive mapping: Past, present, and future , pp. 88-107
    • Lloyd, R.1
  • 52
    • 0347533705 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Egocentric and geocentric frames of reference in memory of large-scale space
    • McNamara T.P., Rump B., and Werner S. Egocentric and geocentric frames of reference in memory of large-scale space. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review 10 (2003) 589-595
    • (2003) Psychonomic Bulletin & Review , vol.10 , pp. 589-595
    • McNamara, T.P.1    Rump, B.2    Werner, S.3
  • 53
    • 33645158402 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gesture and the communicative intention of the speaker
    • Melinger A., and Levelt W. Gesture and the communicative intention of the speaker. Gesture 4 (2004) 119-141
    • (2004) Gesture , vol.4 , pp. 119-141
    • Melinger, A.1    Levelt, W.2
  • 54
    • 85047684989 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Visuospatial working memory, central executive functioning, and psychometric visuospatial abilities: How are they related?
    • Miyake A., Friedman N.P., Rettinger D.A., Shah P., and Hegarty M. Visuospatial working memory, central executive functioning, and psychometric visuospatial abilities: How are they related?. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 130 (2001) 621-640
    • (2001) Journal of Experimental Psychology: General , vol.130 , pp. 621-640
    • Miyake, A.1    Friedman, N.P.2    Rettinger, D.A.3    Shah, P.4    Hegarty, M.5
  • 55
    • 0001079714 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new framework for understanding the acquisition of spatial knowledge in large-scale environments
    • Egenhofer M.J., and Golledge R.G. (Eds), Oxford University Press, New York
    • Montello D.R. A new framework for understanding the acquisition of spatial knowledge in large-scale environments. In: Egenhofer M.J., and Golledge R.G. (Eds). Spatial and temporal reasoning in geographic information systems (1998), Oxford University Press, New York 143-154
    • (1998) Spatial and temporal reasoning in geographic information systems , pp. 143-154
    • Montello, D.R.1
  • 56
    • 33745916328 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Navigation
    • Shah P., and Miyake A. (Eds), Cambridge University Press, New York
    • Montello D.R. Navigation. In: Shah P., and Miyake A. (Eds). The Cambridge handbook of visuospatial thinking Vol. 18 (2005), Cambridge University Press, New York 257-294
    • (2005) The Cambridge handbook of visuospatial thinking , vol.18 , pp. 257-294
    • Montello, D.R.1
  • 60
    • 49449122735 scopus 로고
    • Forest before trees: The precedence of global features in visual perception
    • Navon D. Forest before trees: The precedence of global features in visual perception. Cognitive Psychology 9 (1977) 353-383
    • (1977) Cognitive Psychology , vol.9 , pp. 353-383
    • Navon, D.1
  • 61
    • 12144262365 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Categorical and metric distance information in mental representations derived from route and survey descriptions
    • Noordzij M.L., and Postma A. Categorical and metric distance information in mental representations derived from route and survey descriptions. Psychological Research 69 (2005) 221-232
    • (2005) Psychological Research , vol.69 , pp. 221-232
    • Noordzij, M.L.1    Postma, A.2
  • 62
    • 16844364847 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Strategic and automatic components in the processing of linguistic spatial relations
    • Noordzij M.L., Van der Lubbe R.H.J., and Postma A. Strategic and automatic components in the processing of linguistic spatial relations. Acta Psychologica 119 (2005) 1-20
    • (2005) Acta Psychologica , vol.119 , pp. 1-20
    • Noordzij, M.L.1    Van der Lubbe, R.H.J.2    Postma, A.3
  • 63
    • 33745283011 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electrophysiological support for strategic processing of spatial sentences
    • Noordzij M.L., Van der Lubbe R.H.J., and Postma A. Electrophysiological support for strategic processing of spatial sentences. Psychophysiology 43 (2006) 277-286
    • (2006) Psychophysiology , vol.43 , pp. 277-286
    • Noordzij, M.L.1    Van der Lubbe, R.H.J.2    Postma, A.3
  • 64
    • 33745161456 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of visual experience on the ability to form spatial mental models based on route and survey descriptions
    • Noordzij M.L., Zuidhoek S., and Postma A. The influence of visual experience on the ability to form spatial mental models based on route and survey descriptions. Cognition 100 (2006) 321-342
    • (2006) Cognition , vol.100 , pp. 321-342
    • Noordzij, M.L.1    Zuidhoek, S.2    Postma, A.3
  • 65
    • 34250868592 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of verbal and spatial interference in the encoding and retrieval of spatial and non-spatial texts
    • Pazzaglia F., De Beni R., and Meneghetti C. The effects of verbal and spatial interference in the encoding and retrieval of spatial and non-spatial texts. Psychological Research 71 (2007) 484-494
    • (2007) Psychological Research , vol.71 , pp. 484-494
    • Pazzaglia, F.1    De Beni, R.2    Meneghetti, C.3
  • 66
    • 33748993436 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparing distances in mental images constructed from visual experience or verbal descriptions: The impact of survey versus route perspective
    • Péruch P., Chabanne V., Nese M.-P., Thinus-Blanc C., and Denis N. Comparing distances in mental images constructed from visual experience or verbal descriptions: The impact of survey versus route perspective. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 59 (2006) 1950-1967
    • (2006) Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology , vol.59 , pp. 1950-1967
    • Péruch, P.1    Chabanne, V.2    Nese, M.-P.3    Thinus-Blanc, C.4    Denis, N.5
  • 67
    • 0000669918 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relations among wayfinding strategy use, sense of direction, sex, familiarity, and wayfinding ability
    • Prestopnik J.L., and Roskos-Ewoldsen B. The relations among wayfinding strategy use, sense of direction, sex, familiarity, and wayfinding ability. Journal of Environmental Psychology 20 (2000) 177-191
    • (2000) Journal of Environmental Psychology , vol.20 , pp. 177-191
    • Prestopnik, J.L.1    Roskos-Ewoldsen, B.2
  • 69
    • 0032839147 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Goal specificity and the acquisition of survey knowledge
    • Rossano M.J., and Reardon W.P. Goal specificity and the acquisition of survey knowledge. Environment and Behavior 31 (1999) 395-412
    • (1999) Environment and Behavior , vol.31 , pp. 395-412
    • Rossano, M.J.1    Reardon, W.P.2
  • 70
    • 0007374658 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How do you get there from here? Mental representations of route descriptions
    • Schneider L.F., and Taylor H.A. How do you get there from here? Mental representations of route descriptions. Applied Cognitive Psychology 13 (1999) 415-441
    • (1999) Applied Cognitive Psychology , vol.13 , pp. 415-441
    • Schneider, L.F.1    Taylor, H.A.2
  • 72
    • 0035406484 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Visual memories from nonvisual experiences
    • Shelton A.L., and McNamara T.P. Visual memories from nonvisual experiences. Psychological Science 12 (2001) 343-347
    • (2001) Psychological Science , vol.12 , pp. 343-347
    • Shelton, A.L.1    McNamara, T.P.2
  • 75
    • 0141826543 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Perceiving real-world viewpoint changes
    • Simons D.J., and Wang R.F. Perceiving real-world viewpoint changes. Psychological Science 9 (1998) 315-320
    • (1998) Psychological Science , vol.9 , pp. 315-320
    • Simons, D.J.1    Wang, R.F.2
  • 76
    • 45849122954 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mapping the understanding of understanding maps
    • Shah P., and Miyake A. (Eds), Cambridge University Press, New York
    • Taylor H.A. Mapping the understanding of understanding maps. In: Shah P., and Miyake A. (Eds). The Cambridge handbook of visuospatial thinking (2005), Cambridge University Press, New York 295-333
    • (2005) The Cambridge handbook of visuospatial thinking , pp. 295-333
    • Taylor, H.A.1
  • 77
    • 0032948385 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Goal-specific influences on the representation of spatial perspective
    • Taylor H.A., Naylor S.J., and Chechile N.A. Goal-specific influences on the representation of spatial perspective. Memory & Cognition 27 (1999) 309-319
    • (1999) Memory & Cognition , vol.27 , pp. 309-319
    • Taylor, H.A.1    Naylor, S.J.2    Chechile, N.A.3
  • 78
    • 0000253910 scopus 로고
    • Spatial mental models derived from survey and route descriptions
    • Taylor H.A., and Tversky B. Spatial mental models derived from survey and route descriptions. Journal of Memory and Language 31 (1992) 261-292
    • (1992) Journal of Memory and Language , vol.31 , pp. 261-292
    • Taylor, H.A.1    Tversky, B.2
  • 79
    • 0026675074 scopus 로고
    • Descriptions and depictions of environments
    • Taylor H.A., and Tversky B. Descriptions and depictions of environments. Memory & Cognition 20 (1992) 483-496
    • (1992) Memory & Cognition , vol.20 , pp. 483-496
    • Taylor, H.A.1    Tversky, B.2
  • 80
    • 0020196720 scopus 로고
    • Differences in spatial knowledge acquired from maps and navigation
    • Thorndyke P.W., and Hayes-Roth B. Differences in spatial knowledge acquired from maps and navigation. Cognitive Psychology 14 (1982) 560-589
    • (1982) Cognitive Psychology , vol.14 , pp. 560-589
    • Thorndyke, P.W.1    Hayes-Roth, B.2
  • 81
    • 11844281894 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Referring to landmark or street information in route directions: What difference does it make?
    • Kuhn W., Worboys M.F., and Timpf S. (Eds), Springer, Berlin
    • Tom A., and Denis M. Referring to landmark or street information in route directions: What difference does it make?. In: Kuhn W., Worboys M.F., and Timpf S. (Eds). Spatial information theory: Foundations of geographic information science (2003), Springer, Berlin 384-397
    • (2003) Spatial information theory: Foundations of geographic information science , pp. 384-397
    • Tom, A.1    Denis, M.2
  • 83
    • 0027037672 scopus 로고
    • Distortions in cognitive maps
    • Tversky B. Distortions in cognitive maps. Geoforum 23 (1992) 131-138
    • (1992) Geoforum , vol.23 , pp. 131-138
    • Tversky, B.1
  • 84
    • 84969967344 scopus 로고
    • Cognitive maps, cognitive collages, and spatial mental models
    • Frank A.U., and Campari I. (Eds), Springer, Berlin
    • Tversky B. Cognitive maps, cognitive collages, and spatial mental models. In: Frank A.U., and Campari I. (Eds). COSIT'93, lecture notes in computer science 716 (1993), Springer, Berlin
    • (1993) COSIT'93, lecture notes in computer science 716
    • Tversky, B.1
  • 85
    • 0002049829 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Remembering spaces
    • Tulving E., and Craik F.I.M. (Eds), Oxford University Press, New York
    • Tversky B. Remembering spaces. In: Tulving E., and Craik F.I.M. (Eds). Handbook of memory (2000), Oxford University Press, New York 363-378
    • (2000) Handbook of memory , pp. 363-378
    • Tversky, B.1
  • 86
    • 45849151812 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mental models of spatial relations and transformations from language
    • Tversky B., Kim J., and Cohen A. Mental models of spatial relations and transformations from language. Advances in Psychology 128 (1999) 239-258
    • (1999) Advances in Psychology , vol.128 , pp. 239-258
    • Tversky, B.1    Kim, J.2    Cohen, A.3
  • 87
    • 33646729312 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of intentional and incidental learning on acquiring spatial knowledge during navigation
    • van Asselen M., Fritschy E., and Postma A. The influence of intentional and incidental learning on acquiring spatial knowledge during navigation. Psychological Research 70 (2006) 151-156
    • (2006) Psychological Research , vol.70 , pp. 151-156
    • van Asselen, M.1    Fritschy, E.2    Postma, A.3
  • 88
    • 0031526283 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Organized spatial display and texts: Effects of presentation order and display type on learning outcomes
    • Verdi M.P., Johnson J.T., Stock W.A., Kulhavy R.W., and Ahern P. Organized spatial display and texts: Effects of presentation order and display type on learning outcomes. Journal of Experimental Education 64 (1997) 303-317
    • (1997) Journal of Experimental Education , vol.64 , pp. 303-317
    • Verdi, M.P.1    Johnson, J.T.2    Stock, W.A.3    Kulhavy, R.W.4    Ahern, P.5
  • 91
    • 0345161503 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Active and passive scene recognition across views
    • Wang R.F., and Simons D.J. Active and passive scene recognition across views. Cognition 70 (1999) 191-210
    • (1999) Cognition , vol.70 , pp. 191-210
    • Wang, R.F.1    Simons, D.J.2
  • 92
    • 0034672887 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Updating egocentric representations in human navigation
    • Wang R.F., and Spelke E. Updating egocentric representations in human navigation. Cognition 77 (2000) 215-250
    • (2000) Cognition , vol.77 , pp. 215-250
    • Wang, R.F.1    Spelke, E.2
  • 93
    • 0036742823 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human spatial representation: Insights from animals
    • Wang R.F., and Spelke E.S. Human spatial representation: Insights from animals. Trends in Cognitive Sciences 6 (2002) 376-382
    • (2002) Trends in Cognitive Sciences , vol.6 , pp. 376-382
    • Wang, R.F.1    Spelke, E.S.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.