메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 131, Issue 10, 2003, Pages 2324-2341

The COLA anomaly coupled model: Ensemble ENSO prediction

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

METEOROLOGY; PRECIPITATION (METEOROLOGY); RAIN;

EID: 0242415378     PISSN: 00270644     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/1520-0493(2003)131<2324:TCACME>2.0.CO;2     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (91)

References (58)
  • 1
    • 0029434671 scopus 로고
    • Decadal and seasonal dependence of ENSO prediction skill
    • Balmaseda, M. A., M. K. Davey, and D. L. T. Anderson, 1995: Decadal and seasonal dependence of ENSO prediction skill. J. Climate, 8, 2705-2715.
    • (1995) J. Climate , vol.8 , pp. 2705-2715
    • Balmaseda, M.A.1    Davey, M.K.2    Anderson, D.L.T.3
  • 2
    • 0027799092 scopus 로고
    • ENSO and ENSO-related predictability. Part I: Prediction of equatorial Pacific sea surface temperature with a hybrid coupled ocean-atmosphere model
    • Barnett, T. P., M. Latif, N. Graham, M. Flugel, S. Pazan, and W. White, 1993: ENSO and ENSO-related predictability. Part I: Prediction of equatorial Pacific sea surface temperature with a hybrid coupled ocean-atmosphere model. J. Climate, 6, 1545-1566.
    • (1993) J. Climate , vol.6 , pp. 1545-1566
    • Barnett, T.P.1    Latif, M.2    Graham, N.3    Flugel, M.4    Pazan, S.5    White, W.6
  • 3
    • 0010387656 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predictive skill of statistical and dynamical climate models in SST forecasts during the 1997-98 El Niño and the 1998 La Niña onset
    • Barnston, A. G., M. Glantz, and Y. He, 1999: Predictive skill of statistical and dynamical climate models in SST forecasts during the 1997-98 El Niño and the 1998 La Niña onset. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 80, 217-243.
    • (1999) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. , vol.80 , pp. 217-243
    • Barnston, A.G.1    Glantz, M.2    He, Y.3
  • 4
    • 0026439814 scopus 로고
    • Delta-Eddington approximation for solar radiation in the NCAR community climate model
    • Briegleb, B. P., 1992: Delta-Eddington approximation for solar radiation in the NCAR community climate model. J. Geophys. Res., 97, 7603-7612.
    • (1992) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.97 , pp. 7603-7612
    • Briegleb, B.P.1
  • 5
    • 0022843406 scopus 로고
    • Experimental forecasts of El Niño
    • Cane, M. A., S. E. Zebiak, and S. C. Dolan, 1986: Experimental forecasts of El Niño. Nature, 321, 827-832.
    • (1986) Nature , vol.321 , pp. 827-832
    • Cane, M.A.1    Zebiak, S.E.2    Dolan, S.C.3
  • 6
    • 0029475787 scopus 로고
    • An improved procedure for El Niño forecasting: Implications for predictability
    • Chen, D., S. E. Zebiak, A. J. Busalacchi, and M. A. Cane, 1995: An improved procedure for El Niño forecasting: Implications for predictability. Science, 269, 1699-1702.
    • (1995) Science , vol.269 , pp. 1699-1702
    • Chen, D.1    Zebiak, S.E.2    Busalacchi, A.J.3    Cane, M.A.4
  • 7
    • 0000092802 scopus 로고
    • A global oceanic data assimilation system
    • Derber, J., and A. Rosati, 1989: A global oceanic data assimilation system. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 19, 1333-1347.
    • (1989) J. Phys. Oceanogr. , vol.19 , pp. 1333-1347
    • Derber, J.1    Rosati, A.2
  • 10
    • 0030209423 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of dynamical and stochastic processes on the predictability on ENSO
    • Flügel, M., and P. Chang, 1996: Impact of dynamical and stochastic processes on the predictability on ENSO. Geophys. Res. Lett., 23, 2089-2092.
    • (1996) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.23 , pp. 2089-2092
    • Flügel, M.1    Chang, P.2
  • 11
    • 0000163627 scopus 로고
    • Isopycnal mixing in ocean circulation models
    • Gent, P. R., and J. C. McWilliams, 1990: Isopycnal mixing in ocean circulation models. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 20, 150-155.
    • (1990) J. Phys. Oceanogr. , vol.20 , pp. 150-155
    • Gent, P.R.1    McWilliams, J.C.2
  • 13
    • 0023497187 scopus 로고
    • A fast radiation parameterization for general circulation models
    • Harshvardhan, R. Davis, D. A. Randall, and T. G. Corsetti, 1987: A fast radiation parameterization for general circulation models. J. Geophys. Res., 92, 1009-1016.
    • (1987) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.92 , pp. 1009-1016
    • Harshvardhan, R.D.1    Randall, D.A.2    Corsetti, T.G.3
  • 14
    • 0001098341 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of data assimilation on ocean initialization and El Niño prediction
    • Ji, M., and A. Leetmaa, 1997: Impact of data assimilation on ocean initialization and El Niño prediction. Mon. Wea. Rev., 125, 742-753.
    • (1997) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.125 , pp. 742-753
    • Ji, M.1    Leetmaa, A.2
  • 15
    • 0028590586 scopus 로고
    • An experimental coupled forecast system at the National Meteorological Center: Some early results
    • Ji, M., A. Kumar, and A. Leetmaa, 1994: An experimental coupled forecast system at the National Meteorological Center: Some early results. Tellus, 46A, 398-418.
    • (1994) Tellus , vol.46 A , pp. 398-418
    • Ji, M.1    Kumar, A.2    Leetmaa, A.3
  • 16
    • 0030436585 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coupled model forecasts of ENSO during the 1980s and 1990s at the National Meteorological Center
    • Ji, M., A. Leetmaa, and V. E. Kousky, 1996: Coupled model forecasts of ENSO during the 1980s and 1990s at the National Meteorological Center. J. Climate, 9, 3105-3120.
    • (1996) J. Climate , vol.9 , pp. 3105-3120
    • Ji, M.1    Leetmaa, A.2    Kousky, V.E.3
  • 17
    • 0031718724 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An improved coupled model for ENSO prediction and implications for ocean initialization. Part II: The coupled model
    • Ji, M., D. W. Behringer, and A. Leetmaa, 1998: An improved coupled model for ENSO prediction and implications for ocean initialization. Part II: The coupled model. Mon. Wea. Rev., 126, 1022-1034.
    • (1998) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.126 , pp. 1022-1034
    • Ji, M.1    Behringer, D.W.2    Leetmaa, A.3
  • 18
    • 0034352457 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An El Niño prediction system with an intermediate ocean and a statistical atmosphere model
    • Kang, I.-S., and J.-S. Kug, 2000: An El Niño prediction system with an intermediate ocean and a statistical atmosphere model. Geophys. Res. Lett., 27, 1167-1170.
    • (2000) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.27 , pp. 1167-1170
    • Kang, I.-S.1    Kug, J.-S.2
  • 19
    • 0028581204 scopus 로고
    • The simulated earth radiation budget of the National Center for Atmospheric Research Community Climate Model CCM2 and comparisons with the Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE)
    • Kiehl, J. T., J. J. Hack, and B. P. Briegleb, 1994: The simulated earth radiation budget of the National Center for Atmospheric Research Community Climate Model CCM2 and comparisons with the Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE). J. Geophys. Res., 99, 20 815-20 827.
    • (1994) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.99 , pp. 20815-20827
    • Kiehl, J.T.1    Hack, J.J.2    Briegleb, B.P.3
  • 20
    • 0024256410 scopus 로고
    • A simulation of winter and summer circulations with the NMC global spectral model
    • Kinter, J. L., III, J. Shukla, L. Marx, and E. K. Schneider, 1988: A simulation of winter and summer circulations with the NMC global spectral model. J. Atmos. Sci., 45, 2468-2522.
    • (1988) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.45 , pp. 2468-2522
    • Kinter III, J.L.1    Shukla, J.2    Marx, L.3    Schneider, E.K.4
  • 21
    • 0004143914 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coauthors, Formulation COLA Tech. Rep. 51, 46 pp. [Available from COLA, 4041 Powder Mill Road, Suite 302, Calverton, MD 20705.]
    • Kinter, J. L., III, and Coauthors, 1997: The COLA Atmosphere-Biosphere General Circulation Model. Volume I: Formulation. COLA Tech. Rep. 51, 46 pp. [Available from COLA, 4041 Powder Mill Road, Suite 302, Calverton, MD 20705.]
    • (1997) The COLA Atmosphere-Biosphere General Circulation Model , vol.1
    • Kinter III, J.L.1
  • 22
    • 0041875659 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ed. No. 1, Center for Ocean-Land-Atmosphere Studies, 72 pp. [Available online at]
    • Kirtman, B. P., Ed., 2002: Experimental Long-Lead Forecast Bulletin. Vol. II, No. 1, Center for Ocean-Land-Atmosphere Studies, 72 pp. [Available online at http://www.iges.org/ellfb.]
    • (2002) Experimental Long-Lead Forecast Bulletin , vol.2
    • Kirtman, B.P.1
  • 23
    • 0001098342 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ENSO simulation and prediction with a hybrid coupled model
    • Kirtman, B. P., and S. E. Zebiak, 1997: ENSO simulation and prediction with a hybrid coupled model. Mon. Wea. Rev., 125, 2620-2641.
    • (1997) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.125 , pp. 2620-2641
    • Kirtman, B.P.1    Zebiak, S.E.2
  • 24
    • 0032216383 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decadal variability in ENSO predictability and prediction
    • Kirtman, B. P., and P. S. Schopf, 1998: Decadal variability in ENSO predictability and prediction. J. Climate, 11, 2804-2822.
    • (1998) J. Climate , vol.11 , pp. 2804-2822
    • Kirtman, B.P.1    Schopf, P.S.2
  • 25
    • 0037095859 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interactive coupled ensemble: A new coupling strategy for CGCMs
    • Kirtman, B. P., and J. Shukla, 2002: Interactive coupled ensemble: A new coupling strategy for CGCMs. Geophys. Res. Lett., 29, 17-20.
    • (2002) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.29 , pp. 17-20
    • Kirtman, B.P.1    Shukla, J.2
  • 26
    • 0000978733 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multi-seasonal prediction with a coupled tropical ocean global atmosphere system
    • Kirtman, B. P., J. Shukla, B. Huang, Z. Zhu, and E. K. Schneider, 1997: Multi-seasonal prediction with a coupled tropical ocean global atmosphere system. Mon. Wea. Rev., 125, 789-808.
    • (1997) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.125 , pp. 789-808
    • Kirtman, B.P.1    Shukla, J.2    Huang, B.3    Zhu, Z.4    Schneider, E.K.5
  • 27
    • 0035303088 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of tropical subseasonal SST variability on seasonal mean climate simulations
    • Kirtman, B. P., D. A. Paolino, J. L. Kinter III, and D. M. Straus, 2001: Impact of tropical subseasonal SST variability on seasonal mean climate simulations. Mon. Wea. Rev., 129, 853-868.
    • (2001) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.129 , pp. 853-868
    • Kirtman, B.P.1    Paolino, D.A.2    Kinter III, J.L.3    Straus, D.M.4
  • 28
    • 0036749528 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The COLA global coupled and anomaly coupled ocean-atmosphere GCM
    • Kirtman, B. P., Y. Fan, and E. K. Schneider, 2002a: The COLA global coupled and anomaly coupled ocean-atmosphere GCM. J. Climate, 15, 2301-2320.
    • (2002) J. Climate , vol.15 , pp. 2301-2320
    • Kirtman, B.P.1    Fan, Y.2    Schneider, E.K.3
  • 29
    • 27744532273 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Current status of ENSO forecast skill: A report to the Climate Variability and Predictability (CLIVAR) Numerical Experimentation Group (NEG)
    • 31 pp. [Available online at]
    • Kirtman, B. P., J. Shukla, M. Balmaseda, N. Graham, C. Penland, Y. Xue, and S. Zebiak, 2002b: Current status of ENSO forecast skill: A report to the Climate Variability and Predictability (CLIVAR) Numerical Experimentation Group (NEG). CLIVAR Working Group on Seasonal to interannual Prediction, 31 pp. [Available online at http://www.cliver.org/publications/wg_reports/wgsip/nino3/report.htm.]
    • (2002) CLIVAR Working Group on Seasonal to Interannual Prediction
    • Kirtman, B.P.1    Shukla, J.2    Balmaseda, M.3    Graham, N.4    Penland, C.5    Xue, Y.6    Zebiak, S.7
  • 30
    • 0027706891 scopus 로고
    • On the dependence of hindcast skill in a coupled ocean-atmosphere model on ocean thermodynamics
    • Kleeman, R. 1993: On the dependence of hindcast skill in a coupled ocean-atmosphere model on ocean thermodynamics. J. Climate, 6, 2012-2033.
    • (1993) J. Climate , vol.6 , pp. 2012-2033
    • Kleeman, R.1
  • 31
    • 0032694914 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new method for determining the reliability of dynamical ENSO predictions
    • Kleeman, R. and A. M. Moore, 1999: A new method for determining the reliability of dynamical ENSO predictions. Mon. Wea. Rev., 127, 694-705.
    • (1999) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.127 , pp. 694-705
    • Kleeman, R.1    Moore, A.M.2
  • 32
    • 0001056813 scopus 로고
    • Assimilation of subsurface thermal data into an intermediate tropical coupled ocean-atmosphere model
    • Kleeman, R., A. M. Moore, and N. R. Smith, 1995: Assimilation of subsurface thermal data into an intermediate tropical coupled ocean-atmosphere model. Mon. Wea. Rev., 123, 3103-3113.
    • (1995) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.123 , pp. 3103-3113
    • Kleeman, R.1    Moore, A.M.2    Smith, N.R.3
  • 33
    • 0037731022 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How much skill was there in forecasting the very strong 1997-98 El Niño?
    • Landsea, C. W., and J. A. Knaff, 2000: How much skill was there in forecasting the very strong 1997-98 El Niño? Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 81, 2107-2120.
    • (2000) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. , vol.81 , pp. 2107-2120
    • Landsea, C.W.1    Knaff, J.A.2
  • 34
    • 0028591570 scopus 로고
    • Oceanic vertical mixing: A review and a model with a nonlocal boundary layer parameterization
    • Large, W. G., J. C. McWilliams, and S. C. Doney, 1994: Oceanic vertical mixing: A review and a model with a nonlocal boundary layer parameterization. Rev. Geophys., 32, 363-403.
    • (1994) Rev. Geophys. , vol.32 , pp. 363-403
    • Large, W.G.1    McWilliams, J.C.2    Doney, S.C.3
  • 35
    • 0032577947 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A review of predictability and prediction of ENSO
    • Coauthors
    • Latif, M., and Coauthors, 1998: A review of predictability and prediction of ENSO. J. Geophys. Res., 103, 14 375-14 394.
    • (1998) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.103 , pp. 14375-14394
    • Latif, M.1
  • 36
    • 0024821723 scopus 로고
    • Operational hindcasting of the tropical Pacific
    • Leetmaa, A., and M. Ji, 1989: Operational hindcasting of the tropical Pacific. Dyn. Atmos. Oceans. 13, 465-490.
    • (1989) Dyn. Atmos. Oceans. , vol.13 , pp. 465-490
    • Leetmaa, A.1    Ji, M.2
  • 37
    • 0033208324 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conditional probabilities, relative operating characteristics, and relative operating levels
    • Mason, S. J., and N. E. Graham, 1999: Conditional probabilities, relative operating characteristics, and relative operating levels. Wea. Forecasting, 14, 713-725.
    • (1999) Wea. Forecasting , vol.14 , pp. 713-725
    • Mason, S.J.1    Graham, N.E.2
  • 38
    • 0020330926 scopus 로고
    • Development of a turbulence closure model for geophysical fluid problems
    • Mellor, G. L., and T. Yamada, 1982: Development of a turbulence closure model for geophysical fluid problems. Rev. Geophys. Space Phys., 20, 851-875.
    • (1982) Rev. Geophys. Space Phys. , vol.20 , pp. 851-875
    • Mellor, G.L.1    Yamada, T.2
  • 39
    • 0001673973 scopus 로고
    • Comparative integrations of global spectral models with various parameterized processes of subgrid scale vertical transports
    • Miyakoda, K., and J. Sirutis, 1977: Comparative integrations of global spectral models with various parameterized processes of subgrid scale vertical transports. Beitr. Phys. Atmos., 50, 445-480.
    • (1977) Beitr. Phys. Atmos. , vol.50 , pp. 445-480
    • Miyakoda, K.1    Sirutis, J.2
  • 40
    • 0031779872 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Skill assessment for ENSO using ensemble prediction
    • Moore, A. M., and R. Kleeman, 1998: Skill assessment for ENSO using ensemble prediction. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 124, 557-584.
    • (1998) Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc. , vol.124 , pp. 557-584
    • Moore, A.M.1    Kleeman, R.2
  • 41
    • 0027065988 scopus 로고
    • Relaxed Arakawa-Schubert: A parameterization of moist convection for general circulation models
    • Moorthi, S., and M. J. Suarez, 1992: Relaxed Arakawa-Schubert: A parameterization of moist convection for general circulation models. Mon. Wea. Rev., 120, 978-1002.
    • (1992) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.120 , pp. 978-1002
    • Moorthi, S.1    Suarez, M.J.2
  • 42
    • 0003686569 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NOAA/Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, Princeton, NJ, 638 pp
    • Pacanowski, R. C., and S. M. Griffies, 1998: MOM 3.0 manual. NOAA/Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, Princeton, NJ, 638 pp.
    • (1998) MOM 3.0 Manual
    • Pacanowski, R.C.1    Griffies, S.M.2
  • 43
    • 0033843381 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A probability and decision-model analysis of PROVOST seasonal multimodel ensemble integrations
    • Palmer, T. N., Č. Branković, and D. S. Richardson, 2000: A probability and decision-model analysis of PROVOST seasonal multimodel ensemble integrations. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 126, 2013-2034.
    • (2000) Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc. , vol.126 , pp. 2013-2034
    • Palmer, T.N.1    Branković, Č.2    Richardson, D.S.3
  • 44
    • 85032633690 scopus 로고
    • Oceanic isopychnal mixing by coordinate rotation
    • Redi, M. H., 1982: Oceanic isopychnal mixing by coordinate rotation. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 12, 1155-1158.
    • (1982) J. Phys. Oceanogr. , vol.12 , pp. 1155-1158
    • Redi, M.H.1
  • 45
    • 0001378761 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of ocean initial conditions on ENSO forecasting with a coupled model
    • Rosati, A., R. Gudgel, and K. Miyakoda, 1997: The impact of ocean initial conditions on ENSO forecasting with a coupled model. Mon. Wea. Rev., 125, 754-772.
    • (1997) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.125 , pp. 754-772
    • Rosati, A.1    Gudgel, R.2    Miyakoda, K.3
  • 46
    • 0036501538 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Understanding differences between the equatorial Pacific as simulated by two coupled GCMs
    • Schneider, E. K., 2002: Understanding differences between the equatorial Pacific as simulated by two coupled GCMs. J. Climate, 15, 449-469.
    • (2002) J. Climate , vol.15 , pp. 449-469
    • Schneider, E.K.1
  • 50
    • 0001957739 scopus 로고
    • General circulation experiments with the primitive equations: I. The basic experiment
    • Smagorinsky, J., 1963: General circulation experiments with the primitive equations: I. The basic experiment. Mon. Wea. Rev., 91, 99-164.
    • (1963) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.91 , pp. 99-164
    • Smagorinsky, J.1
  • 51
    • 0008934306 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coupled ocean-atmosphere forecasts in the presence of climate drift
    • Stockdale, T. N., 1997: Coupled ocean-atmosphere forecasts in the presence of climate drift. J. Climate, 10, 809-818.
    • (1997) J. Climate , vol.10 , pp. 809-818
    • Stockdale, T.N.1
  • 52
    • 0032568443 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global seasonal rainfall forecasts using a coupled ocean-atmosphere model
    • Stockdale, T. N., D. L. T. Anderson, J. O. S. Alves, and M. A. Balmaseda, 1998: Global seasonal rainfall forecasts using a coupled ocean-atmosphere model. Nature, 392, 370-373.
    • (1998) Nature , vol.392 , pp. 370-373
    • Stockdale, T.N.1    Anderson, D.L.T.2    Alves, J.O.S.3    Balmaseda, M.A.4
  • 53
    • 0029529215 scopus 로고
    • Seasonal and interannual variability in a hybrid coupled GCM
    • Syu, H.-H., J. D. Neelin, and D. Gutzler, 1995: Seasonal and interannual variability in a hybrid coupled GCM. J. Climate, 8, 2121-2143.
    • (1995) J. Climate , vol.8 , pp. 2121-2143
    • Syu, H.-H.1    Neelin, J.D.2    Gutzler, D.3
  • 54
    • 0036336475 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hybrid coupled models of the tropical Pacific. II. ENSO prediction
    • Tang, Y., and W. W. Hseih, 2002: Hybrid coupled models of the tropical Pacific. II. ENSO prediction. Climate Dyn., 19, 343-353.
    • (2002) Climate Dyn. , vol.19 , pp. 343-353
    • Tang, Y.1    Hseih, W.W.2
  • 55
    • 0035866103 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A linear stochastic dynamical model of ENSO. Part II: Analysis
    • Thompson, C. J., and D. S. Battisti, 2001: A linear stochastic dynamical model of ENSO. Part II: Analysis. J. Climate, 14, 445-466.
    • (2001) J. Climate , vol.14 , pp. 445-466
    • Thompson, C.J.1    Battisti, D.S.2
  • 56
    • 0000730650 scopus 로고
    • The mean annual cycle in global ocean wind stress
    • Trenberth, K. E., W. G. Large, and J. G. Olson, 1990: The mean annual cycle in global ocean wind stress. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 20, 1742-1760.
    • (1990) J. Phys. Oceanogr. , vol.20 , pp. 1742-1760
    • Trenberth, K.E.1    Large, W.G.2    Olson, J.G.3
  • 57
    • 0036537993 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The BMRC coupled general circulation model ENSO forecast system
    • Wang, G., R. Kleeman, N. Smith, and F. Tseitkin, 2002: The BMRC coupled general circulation model ENSO forecast system. Mon. Wea. Rev., 130, 975-991.
    • (2002) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.130 , pp. 975-991
    • Wang, G.1    Kleeman, R.2    Smith, N.3    Tseitkin, F.4
  • 58
    • 0030482032 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analyses of global monthly precipitation using gauge observations, satellite estimates, and numerical model predictions
    • Xie, P., and P. Arkin, 1996: Analyses of global monthly precipitation using gauge observations, satellite estimates, and numerical model predictions. J. Climate, 9, 840-858.
    • (1996) J. Climate , vol.9 , pp. 840-858
    • Xie, P.1    Arkin, P.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.