Emodin promotes atherosclerotic plaque stability in fat-fed apolipoprotein E-deficient mice

Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine

Volumn 215, Issue 1, 2008, Pages 61-69

  Zhou, Mingxue ^a   Xu, Hao ^b   Pan, Lin ^b   Wen, Jianyan ^b   Guo, Yanru ^b   Chen, Keji ^b,c  

^a INSTITUTE OF CHINESE MATERIA MEDICA   (China)

^b CHINA JAPAN FRIENDSHIP HOSPITAL   (China)

^c XIYUAN HOSPITAL   (China)

Author keywords

Emodin; Inflammatory reaction; Vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque

Indexed keywords

APOLIPOPROTEIN E; EMODIN; GELATINASE B; GRANULOCYTE MACROPHAGE COLONY STIMULATING FACTOR; PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR ACTIVATED RECEPTOR GAMMA; SIMVASTATIN; WATER;

ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ANIMAL MODEL; ANIMAL TISSUE; ANTIINFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY; ARTICLE; ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUE; CONTROLLED STUDY; DISEASE CLASSIFICATION; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG INHIBITION; FAT INTAKE; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY; LIPOPROTEIN DEFICIENCY; MALE; MOUSE; NONHUMAN; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; VULNERABLE ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUE;

ANIMALS; APOLIPOPROTEINS E; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; DIETARY FATS; EMODIN; GROWTH INHIBITORS; HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL-COA REDUCTASE INHIBITORS; MALE; MICE; MICE, INBRED C57BL; MICE, KNOCKOUT; SIMVASTATIN;

EID: 44849086366     PISSN: 00408727     EISSN: 13493329     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1620/tjem.215.61     Document Type: Article

References (37)

1. Argmann, C.A.. Sawyer, C.G., McNeil, C.J., Hegele. R.A. & Huff. M.W. (2003) Activation of peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor gamma and retinoid X receptor results in net depletion of cellular cholesteryl esters in macrophages exposed to oxidized lipoproteins. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., 23, 475-482.
2. Borinick, A.E.. Rothblat, G.H., Stoudt, G., Hoppe, K.L., Roye, L.J., Neish, J.M. & Francone, O.L. (2000) The correlation of ATP-binding cassette 1 mRNA levels with cholesterol efflux from various cell lines. J. Biol. Chem., 275, 28634-28640.
3. Chang, C.H., Lin, C.C. & Yang, J.J. (1996) Ant-inflammatory effects of emodin from ventilago leiocarpa. Am. J. Chin. Med., 24, 139-142.
4. Codkerill, G.W.. Rye, K.A., Gamble, J.R., Vadas, M.A. & Barter, P.J. (1995) High-density lipoproteins inhibit cytokine-induced expression of endothelial cell adhesion molecules. Arterioscler Thromb. Vasc. Biol., 15, 1987-1994.
5. Emiliano, M., Rosalba, M., Valentina, C., Nuccia, M., Rossella, T., Giovanni, F., Elisabetta, O., Caterina, T. & Paolo, P. (2003) Transmural corotary inflammation triggers simultaneous multivessel rupture of unstable plaques. Ital. Heart. J., 4, 488-491.
6. Florian, B., Erwin, B., Brian, B., Michael, L., Elizabeth, P.W. & Michael, E.R. (2002) Simvastatin Promotes Atherosclerotic Plaque Stability in ApoE-Deficient Mice Independently of Lipid Lowering. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., 22, 1832-1837.
7. Hansson, G.K. (2001) Immune mechanisms in atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb. Vasc. Biol., 21, 1876-1890.
8. Harborne, J.B., Baxte, R.H. & Moss, G.P. (1999) A handbook of bioactive compounds from plants, 2nd ed. Phytochemical dictionary. London, UK, Taylor & Francis.
9. Hei, Z.Q., Huang, H.Q. & Tan, H.M. (2006) Emodin inhibits dietary induced atherosclerosis by antioxidation and regulation of the sphingomyelin pathway in rabbits. Chin. Med. J., 119, 868-870.
10. Huang, H.C., Chu, S.H. & Chao, L. (1991) Vasorelaxants from Chinese herbs, emodin and scoparone. possess inununosuppressive properties. Eur. J. Pharmacol., 198, 211-213.
11. Huang, S.S., Yeh, S.F. & Hong, C.Y. (1995) Effect of anthraquinone derivatioves on lipid peroxidation in rat heart mitochondria: structureactivity relationship. J. Nat. Prod., 58, 1365-1371.
12. Jing, Y., Yang, J., Wang, Y., Hu, Q., Shi, G., Tang, X. & Yi, J. (2006) Alteration of subcelluar redox equilibrium and the consequent oxidative modification of nuclear factor kappaB are critical for anticancer cytotoxicity by emodin, a reactive oxygen species-producing agent. Free Radic. Biol., 40, 2183-2197.
13. John', A.A. & Eulogio, E.M. (2002) A New Paradigm for Plaque Stabilization. Circulation., 105, 2000-2004.
14. Johnson, J., Carson, K., Williams, H., Karanam, S., Newby, A., Angelini, G., George. S. & Jackson, C. (2005) Plaque rupture after short periods of fat feeding in the apolipoprotein E-deficient mouse: model characterization and effects of pravastatin treatment. Circulation, 111, 1422-1430.
15. Kumar, A., Dhawan, S. & Aggarwal, B.B. (1998) Emodin (3-meth yl-1,6,8-trihyd roxyan thraquinone) inhibits TNF-induced NF-kappaB activation, IkappaB, degradation, and expression of cell surface adhesion proteins in human vascular endothelial cells. Oncogene., 17, 913-918.
16. Kuo, Y.C., Tsai, W.J., Meng, H.C., Chen, W.P., Yang, L.Y. & Lin, C.Y. (2001) Immune reponses in human messangial cells regulates by emodin from polygonum hypoleucumohwi. Life. Sci., 68, 1271-1286.
17. Kwak, H.J., Park, M.J., Park, C.M.. Moon, S.I., Yoo. D.H., Lee, H.C., Lee, S.H., Kim, M.S., Lee, H.W., Shin, W.S., Park, I.C., Rhee, C.H. & Hong, S.I. (2006) Emodin inhibits vascular endothelial growth factor-A-induced angiogenesis by blocking receptor-2(KDR/Flk-1) phosphorylation. Int. J. Cancer, 118, 2711-2720.
18. Malerod, L., Sporstol, M., Juvet, L.K., Mousavi, A., Gjoen, T. & Berg, T. (2003) Hepatic scavenger receptor class B, type I is stimulated by peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma and hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alph. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 305, 557-565.
19. Marc, F., Mark, S., Martin, G. & Michael, H. (2005) Matrix Metallproteinases in Cerebrovascular Diseases. Cerebrovasc. Dis., 20, 141-151.
20. Marx, N., Sukhova, G.K., Collins, T., Libby, P. & Plutzky, J. (1999) PPAR-γactivators inhibit cytokine-induced vascular cell adhension molecule-1 expression in human endothelial cells. Circulation, 99, 3125-3131.
21. Marx, N., Kehrle, M.S., Kohlhammer, M.S., Grüb, M., Koenig, W., Hombach, V., Libby, P. & Plutzky, J. (2002) PPAR activators as antiinflammatory mediators in human T lymphocytes: Implications for atherosclerosis and transplantation-associated arteriosclerosis. Circ. Res., 90, 703-710.
22. Marx, N., Mackman, N., Schönbeck, U., Yilmaz, N., Hombach, V., Libby, B. & Plutzky, J. (2001) PPAR-α activators inhibit tissue factor expression and activity in human monocytes. Circulation, 103, 213-219.
23. Naghavi, M., Libby, P., Falk, E., Casscells, S.W., Litovsky, S., Rumberger, J., Badimon, J.J.; Stefanadis, C., Moreno, P., Pasterkamp, G., Fayad, Z., Stone, P.H., Waxman, S., Raggi, P., Madjid, M., Zarrabi, A., Burke, A., Yuan, C., Fitzgerald, P.J., Siscovick, D.S., de Korte, C.L., Aikawa, M., Juhani Airaksinen, K.E., Assmann, G., Becker, C.R., Chesebro, J.H., Farb, A., Galis, Z.S., Jackson, C., Jang, I.K., Koenig, W., Lodder, R.A., March, K., Demirovic, J., Navab, M., Priori, S.G., Rekhter, M.D., Bahr, R., Grundy, S.M., Mehran, R., Colombo, A., Boerwinkle, E., Ballantyne, C., Insull, W., Jr., Schwartz, R.S., Vogel. R., Serruys, P.W., Hansson, G.K., Faxon, D.P., Kaul, S., Drexler, H., Greenland, P., Muller, J.E., Virmani, R., Ridker, P.M., Zipes, D.P., Shah, P.K. & Willerson, J.T (2003) From vulnerable plaque to vulnerable patient: a call for new definitions and risk assessment strategies: Part I. Circulation, 108, 1664-1672.
24. Nakamura, M., Lee, D.P. & Yeung, A.C. (2004) Identification and treatment of vulnerable plaque. Rev. Cardiovasc. Med., 5, Suppl. 2, S22-S33.
25. Neve, B.P., Corseaux, D., Chinetti, G., Zawadzki, C., Fruchart, J.C., Duriez, P., Staels, B. & Jude, B. (2001) PPAR-α agonists inhibit tissue factor expression in human monocytes and macrophages. Circulation, 103, 207-212.
26. Pan, H., Liu. X.B. & Zhang, H.Q. (2004) Emodin on the inhibition of human vascular smooth muscle cells proliferation. Anatomy. Res., 26, 121-123.
27. Peter, L. & Masanor, A. (2002) Stabilization of atherosclerotic plaques: New mechanisms and clinical targets. Nature Med., 8, 1257-1262.
28. Plump, A.S., Smith, J.D., Hayek, T., Aalto-Setala, K., Walsh, A., Verstuytt, J.G., Rubin, E.M. & Breslow, J.L. (1992) Severe hypercholesterolemia and athero-slcerosis in apolipoprotein E deficient mice created bv homologous recombination. Cell, 71, 343-353.
29. Ross, R. (1993) The pathogenesis of atherosclerosis: a perspective for the 1990s. Nature, 362, 801-809.
30. Schmermund, A. & Erbel, R. (2001) Unstable coronary plaque and its relation to coronary calcium. Circulation. 104, 1642-1687.
31. Su, Y.T., Chang, H.L., Shyue, S.K. & Hsu, S.L. (2005) Emodin induces apoptosis in human lung adenocarcinoma cells through a reactive oxygen species- dependent mitochondrial signaling pathway. Biochem. Pharmacol., 70, 229-241.
32. Suzuki, H., Kurihara, Y., Takeya, M., Kamada, N., Kataoka, M., Jishage, K., Ueda, O., Sakaguchi, H., Higashi, T., Suzuki, T., Takashima, Y., Kawabe, Y., Cynshi, O., Wada, Y., Honda, M., Kurihara, H., Aburatani, H., Doi, T., Matsumoto, A., Azuma, S., Noda, T., Toyoda, Y., Itakura, H., Yazaki, Y. & Kodama, T. (1997) A role for macrophage scavenger receptors in atherosclerosis and susceptibility to infection. Nature, 386, 292-296.
33. Yen, G.C., Duh, P.D. & Chuang, D.Y. (2000) Antioxidant activity of anthraquinones and anthrone. Food Chemistry, 70, 437-441.
34. Yi, J., Yang, J., He, R., Gao, H., Sang, H., Tang, X. & Ye, R.D. (2004) Emodin enhances arsenic trioxide-induced apoptosis via generation of reactive oxygen species and inhibition of survival signaling. Cancer Res., 64, 108-116.
35. Yang, Y., Shang, W.B., Zhou, L.B., Jiang, B., Jin, H. & Chen, M. (2007) Emodin with PPAR γ ligand-binding activity. promotes adipocyte differentiation and increases glucose uptake in 3T3-L1 cells. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 353, 225-230.
36. Yuan, Z. & Gao, R. (1997) Anti-oxidant actions of anthraqui-nonlines contained in Rheum. Pharmaceu. Pharmacol. Letters, 7, 9-12.
37. Zhang, H.S.. Reddick, R.L., Piedrahita, J.A. & Maeda, N. (1992) Spontaneous hypercholesterolemia and arterial lessions in mice lacking apolipoprotein E. Science, 258, 468-471.