Modulation of tumor necrosis factor-mediated cell death by fullerenes

Pharmaceutical Research

Volumn 25, Issue 6, 2008, Pages 1365-1376

  Harhaji, Ljubica ^a   Isakovic, Aleksandra ^b   Vucicevic, Ljubica ^a   Janjetovic, Kristina ^a   Misirkic, Maja ^a   Markovic, Zoran ^c   Todorovic Markovic, Biljana ^c   Nikolic, Nadezda ^c   Vranjes Djuric, Sanja ^c   Nikolic, Zoran ^a   Trajkovic, Vladimir ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BELGRADE   (Serbia)

^b UNIVERSITY OF BELGRADE   (Serbia)

^c UNIVERSITY OF BELGRADE   (Serbia)

Author keywords

Apoptosis; Fullerene; Necrosis; Oxidative stress; Tumor necrosis factor

Indexed keywords

ACETYLCYSTEINE; APOPTOSIS INDUCING FACTOR; CASPASE; CRYSTAL VIOLET; CYCLOSPORIN A; CYTOKINE; FULLERENE DERIVATIVE; REACTIVE OXYGEN METABOLITE; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR;

ANIMAL CELL; APOPTOSIS; ARTICLE; ASSAY; CANCER CELL CULTURE; CELL DEATH; CELL MEMBRANE DEPOLARIZATION; CELL STRAIN L 929; CELL TYPE; CONTROLLED STUDY; CYTOTOXICITY; DISORDERS OF MITOCHONDRIAL FUNCTIONS; DRUG POTENTIATION; FIBROSARCOMA; MITOCHONDRIAL MEMBRANE POTENTIAL; MITOCHONDRIAL PERMEABILITY; MITOCHONDRION; MOUSE; NECROSIS; NONHUMAN; OXIDATIVE STRESS; PRIORITY JOURNAL;

ANIMALS; APOPTOSIS; CASPASES; CELL LINE, TUMOR; FULLERENES; MICE; MICE, INBRED C57BL; MITOCHONDRIA; NECROSIS; REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA;

EID: 43149126321     PISSN: 07248741     EISSN: 1573904X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11095-007-9486-y     Document Type: Article

References (56)

1. 1. S. Bosi T. Ros Da G. Spalluto M. Prato 2003 Fullerene derivatives: an attractive tool for biological applications Eur. J. Med. Chem 38 913 923 14642323 10.1016/j.ejmech.2003.09.005 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXpt1KrsLw%3D S. Bosi, T. Da Ros, G. Spalluto, and M. Prato. Fullerene derivatives: an attractive tool for biological applications. Eur. J. Med. Chem 38:913–923 (2003).
2. 2. L. L. Dugan D. M. Turetsky C. Du D. Lobner M. Wheeler C. R. Almli C. K. Shen T. Y. Luh D. W. Choi T. S. Lin 1997 Carboxyfullerenes as neuroprotective agents Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A 94 9434 9439 9256500 10.1073/pnas.94.17.9434 1:CAS:528:DyaK2sXls1Klt70%3D L. L. Dugan, D. M. Turetsky, C. Du, D. Lobner, M. Wheeler, C. R. Almli, C. K. Shen, T. Y. Luh, D. W. Choi, and T. S. Lin. Carboxyfullerenes as neuroprotective agents. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A 94:9434–9439 (1997).
3. 3. L. L. Dugan E. G. Lovett K. L. Quick J. Lotharius T. T. Lin K. L. O Malley 2001 Fullerene-based antioxidants and neurodegenerative disorders Parkinsonism Relat. Disord 7 243 246 11331193 10.1016/S1353-8020(00)00064-X L. L. Dugan, E. G. Lovett, K. L. Quick, J. Lotharius, T. T. Lin, K. L. O, and Malley. Fullerene-based antioxidants and neurodegenerative disorders. Parkinsonism Relat. Disord 7:243–246 (2001).
4. 4. C. Fumelli A. Marconi S. Salvioli E. Straface W. Malorni A. M. Offidani R. Pellicciari G. Schettini A. Giannetti D. Monti C. Franceschi C. Pincelli 2000 Carboxyfullerenes protect human keratinocytes from ultraviolet-B-induced apoptosis J. Invest. Dermatol 115 835 841 11069621 10.1046/j.1523-1747.2000.00140.x 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXotlChsr4%3D C. Fumelli, A. Marconi, S. Salvioli, E. Straface, W. Malorni, A. M. Offidani, R. Pellicciari, G. Schettini, A. Giannetti, D. Monti, C. Franceschi, and C. Pincelli. Carboxyfullerenes protect human keratinocytes from ultraviolet-B-induced apoptosis. J. Invest. Dermatol 115:835–841 (2000).
5. 5. J. Lotharius L. L. Dugan K. L. O’Malley 1999 Distinct mechanisms underlie neurotoxin-mediated cell death in cultured dopaminergic neurons J. Neurosci 19 1284 1293 9952406 1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXhtFOhsrw%3D J. Lotharius, L. L. Dugan, K. L. O’Malley. Distinct mechanisms underlie neurotoxin-mediated cell death in cultured dopaminergic neurons. J. Neurosci 19:1284–1293 (1999).
6. 6. E. Straface B. Natalini D. Monti C. Franceschi G. Schettini M. Bisaglia C. Fumelli C. Pincelli R. Pellicciari W. Malorni 1999 C3-fullero-tris-methanodicarboxylic acid protects epithelial cells from radiation-induced anoikia by influencing cell adhesion ability FEBS Lett 454 335 340 10431834 10.1016/S0014-5793(99)00812-1 1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXks1Ols78%3D E. Straface, B. Natalini, D. Monti, C. Franceschi, G. Schettini, M. Bisaglia, C. Fumelli, C. Pincelli, R. Pellicciari, and W. Malorni. C3-fullero-tris-methanodicarboxylic acid protects epithelial cells from radiation-induced anoikia by influencing cell adhesion ability. FEBS Lett 454:335–340 (1999).
7. 7. L. L. Dugan J. K. Gabrielsen S. P. Yu T. S. Lin D. W. Choi 1996 Buckminsterfullerenol free radical scavengers reduce excitotoxic and apoptotic death of cultured cortical neurons Neurobiol. Dis 3 129 135 9173920 10.1006/nbdi.1996.0013 1:CAS:528:DyaK28XlvVWhsb0%3D L. L. Dugan, J. K. Gabrielsen, S. P. Yu, T. S. Lin, and D. W. Choi. Buckminsterfullerenol free radical scavengers reduce excitotoxic and apoptotic death of cultured cortical neurons. Neurobiol. Dis 3:129–135 (1996).
8. 8. H. Jin W. Q. Chen X. W. Tang L. Y. Chiang C. Y. Yang J. V. Schloss J. Y. Wu 2000 Polyhydroxylated C 60, fullerenols, as glutamate receptor antagonists and neuroprotective agents J. Neurosci. Res 62 600 607 11070504 10.1002/1097-4547(20001115)62:4<600::AID-JNR15>3.0.CO;2-F 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXotVWhsr4%3D H. Jin, W. Q. Chen, X. W. Tang, L. Y. Chiang, C. Y. Yang, J. V. Schloss, and J. Y. Wu. Polyhydroxylated C 60, fullerenols, as glutamate receptor antagonists and neuroprotective agents. J. Neurosci. Res 62:600–607 (2000).
9. 9. C. M. Sayes J. D. Fortner W. Guo D. Lyon A. M. Boyd K. D. Ausman Y. J. Tao B. Sitharaman L. J. Wilson J. L. West V. L. Colvin 2004 The differential cytotoxicity of water-soluble fullerenes Nano. Lett 4 1881 1887 10.1021/nl0489586 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXnsVahsLY%3D C. M. Sayes, J. D. Fortner, W. Guo, D. Lyon, A. M. Boyd, K. D. Ausman, Y. J. Tao, B. Sitharaman, L. J. Wilson, J. L. West, and V. L. Colvin. The differential cytotoxicity of water-soluble fullerenes. Nano. Lett 4:1881–1887 (2004).
10. 10. C. M. Sayes A. M. Gobin K. D. Ausman J. Mendez J. L. West V. L. Colvin 2005 Nano-C 60 cytotoxicity is due to lipid peroxidation Biomaterials 26 7587 7595 16005959 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2005.05.027 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXot1Wktbs%3D C. M. Sayes, A. M. Gobin, K. D. Ausman, J. Mendez, J. L. West, and V. L. Colvin. Nano-C 60 cytotoxicity is due to lipid peroxidation. Biomaterials 26:7587–7595 (2005).
11. 11. A. Isakovic Z. Markovic B. Todorovic-Markovic N. Nikolic S. Vranjes-Djuric M. Mirkovic M. Dramicanin L. Harhaji N. Raicevic Z. Nikolic V. Trajkovic 2006 Distinct cytotoxic mechanisms of pristine versus hydroxylated fullerene Toxicol. Sci 91 173 183 16476688 10.1093/toxsci/kfj127 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28Xjtlamur4%3D A. Isakovic, Z. Markovic, B. Todorovic-Markovic, N. Nikolic, S. Vranjes-Djuric, M. Mirkovic, M. Dramicanin, L. Harhaji, N. Raicevic, Z. Nikolic, and V. Trajkovic. Distinct cytotoxic mechanisms of pristine versus hydroxylated fullerene. Toxicol. Sci 91:173–183 (2006).
12. 12. A. Isakovic Z. Markovic N. Nikolic B. Todorovic-Markovic S. Vranjes-Djuric L. Harhaji N. Raicevic N. Romcevic D. Vasiljevic-Radovic M. Dramicanin V. Trajkovic 2006 Inactivation of nanocrystalline C 60 cytotoxicity by gamma-irradiation Biomaterials 27 5049 5058 16784774 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2006.05.047 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28Xmt1aiurs%3D A. Isakovic, Z. Markovic, N. Nikolic, B. Todorovic-Markovic, S. Vranjes-Djuric, L. Harhaji, N. Raicevic, N. Romcevic, D. Vasiljevic-Radovic, M. Dramicanin, and V. Trajkovic. Inactivation of nanocrystalline C 60 cytotoxicity by gamma-irradiation. Biomaterials 27:5049–5058 (2006).
13. 13. N. Gharbi M. Pressac M. Hadchouel H. Szwarc S. R. Wilson F. Moussa 2005 [60]fullerene is a powerful antioxidant in vivo with no acute or subacute toxicity Nano. Lett 5 2578 2585 16351219 10.1021/nl051866b 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXht1eisbjP N. Gharbi, M. Pressac, M. Hadchouel, H. Szwarc, S. R. Wilson, and F. Moussa. [60]fullerene is a powerful antioxidant in vivo with no acute or subacute toxicity. Nano. Lett 5:2578–2585 (2005).
14. 14. E. Oberdorster S. Zhu T. M. Blickley P. McClellan-Green M. L. Haasch 2006 Ecotoxicology of carbon-based engineered nanoparticles: Effects of fullerene (C 60) on aquatic organisms Carbon 44 1112 1120 10.1016/j.carbon.2005.11.008 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28Xhtlejs7s%3D E. Oberdorster, S. Zhu, T. M. Blickley, P. McClellan-Green, and M. L. Haasch. Ecotoxicology of carbon-based engineered nanoparticles: Effects of fullerene (C 60) on aquatic organisms. Carbon 44:1112–1120 (2006).
15. 15. Z. Markovic, B. Todorovic-Markovic, D. Kleut, N. Nikolic, S. Vranjes-Djuric, M. Misirkic, L. Vucicevic, K. Janjetovic, A. Isakovic, L. Harhaji, B. Babic-Stojic, M. Dramicanin, and V. Trajkovic. The mechanism of cell-damaging reactive oxygen generation by colloidal fullerenes. Biomaterials 28:5437–5448 (2007).
16. 16. G. Andrievsky V. Klochkov L. Derevyanchenko 2005 Is the C 60 fullerene molecule toxic?! Fullerenes, Nanotubes and Carbon Nanostructures 13 363 376 10.1080/15363830500237267 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXhtFWhsLvN G. Andrievsky, V. Klochkov, and L. Derevyanchenko. Is the C 60 fullerene molecule toxic?!. Fullerenes, Nanotubes and Carbon Nanostructures 13:363–376 (2005).
17. 17. P. Vassalli 1992 The pathophysiology of tumor necrosis factor Annu. Rev. Immunol 10 411 452 1590993 10.1146/annurev.iy.10.040192.002211 1:CAS:528:DyaK38XltV2ntLg%3D P. Vassalli. The pathophysiology of tumor necrosis factor. Annu. Rev. Immunol 10:411–452 (1992).
18. 18. P. Vandenabeele W. Declerq R. Beyaert W. Fiers 1995 Two tumor necrosis factor receptors: structure and function Trends Cell. Biol 5 392 399 14732063 10.1016/S0962-8924(00)89088-1 1:CAS:528:DyaK2MXovValsrY%3D P. Vandenabeele, W. Declerq, R. Beyaert, and W. Fiers. Two tumor necrosis factor receptors: structure and function. Trends Cell. Biol 5:392–399 (1995).
19. 19. R. Beyaert W. Fiers 1994 Molecular mechanisms of tumor necrosis factor-induced cytotoxicity. What we do understand and what we do not FEBS Lett 340 9 16 8119415 10.1016/0014-5793(94)80163-0 1:CAS:528:DyaK2cXitFClsbo%3D R. Beyaert, and W. Fiers. Molecular mechanisms of tumor necrosis factor-induced cytotoxicity. What we do understand and what we do not. FEBS Lett 340:9–16 (1994).
20. 20. T. Nakamoto H. Inagawa K. Takagi G. Soma 2000 A new method of antitumor therapy with a high dose of TNF perfusion for unresectable liver tumors Anticancer Res 20 4087 4096 11131677 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXovVKisLw%3D T. Nakamoto, H. Inagawa, K. Takagi, and G. Soma. A new method of antitumor therapy with a high dose of TNF perfusion for unresectable liver tumors. Anticancer Res 20:4087–4096 (2000).
21. 21. H. M. Shepard G. D. Lewis 1988 Resistance of tumor cells to tumor necrosis factor J. Clin. Immunol 8 333 341 3053752 10.1007/BF00917148 1:CAS:528:DyaL1cXlvVygtr8%3D H. M. Shepard, and G. D. Lewis. Resistance of tumor cells to tumor necrosis factor. J. Clin. Immunol 8:333–341 (1988).
22. 22. R. Lucas M. Kresse M. Latta A. Wendel 2005 Tumor necrosis factor: how to make a killer molecule tumor-specific? Current Cancer Drug Targets 5 381 392 16178815 10.2174/1568009054863627 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXovFSjs78%3D R. Lucas, M. Kresse, M. Latta, and A. Wendel. Tumor necrosis factor: how to make a killer molecule tumor-specific? Current Cancer Drug Targets 5:381–392 (2005).
23. 23. D. R. Spriggs M. L. Sherman H. Michie K. A. Arthur K. Imamura D. Wilmore E. Frei 3rd D. W. Kufe 1988 Recombinant human tumor necrosis factor administered as a 24-hour intravenous infusion. A phase I and pharmacologic study J. Natl. Cancer Inst 80 1039 1044 3411618 10.1093/jnci/80.13.1039 1:CAS:528:DyaL1cXls1yltr8%3D D. R. Spriggs, M. L. Sherman, H. Michie, K. A. Arthur, K. Imamura, D. Wilmore, E. Frei 3rd, and D. W. Kufe. Recombinant human tumor necrosis factor administered as a 24-hour intravenous infusion. A phase I and pharmacologic study. J. Natl. Cancer Inst 80:1039–1044 (1988).
24. 24. S. Mocellin P. Pilati D. Nitti 2007 Towards the development of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) sensitizers: making TNF work against cancer Curr. Pharm. Des 13 537 551 17348848 10.2174/138161207780162926 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXjvVylt7k%3D S. Mocellin, P. Pilati, and D. Nitti. Towards the development of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) sensitizers: making TNF work against cancer. Curr. Pharm. Des 13:537–551 (2007).
25. 25. S. Ghavami M. Hashemi K. Kadkhoda S. M. Alavian G. H. Bay M. Los 2005 Apoptosis in liver diseases—detection and therapeutic applications Med. Sci. Monit 11 RA337 RA345 16258409 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXhtlWgtrrK S. Ghavami, M. Hashemi, K. Kadkhoda, S. M. Alavian, G. H. Bay, and M. Los. Apoptosis in liver diseases—detection and therapeutic applications. Med. Sci. Monit 11:RA337–RA345 (2005).
26. 26. M. I. Luster P. P. Simeonova R. M. Gallucci A. Bruccoleri M. E. Blazka B. Yucesoy J. M. Matheson 2000 The role of tumor necrosis factor-α in chemical-induced hepatotoxicity Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci 919 214 220 11083111 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXosFSktbk%3D 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2000.tb06881.x M. I. Luster, P. P. Simeonova, R. M. Gallucci, A. Bruccoleri, M. E. Blazka, B. Yucesoy, and J. M. Matheson. The role of tumor necrosis factor-α in chemical-induced hepatotoxicity. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci 919:214–220 (2000).
27. 27. M. Leist F. Gantner I. Bohlinger P. G. Germann G. Tiegs A. Wendel 1994 Murine hepatocyte apoptosis induced in vitro and in vivo by TNF-α requires transcriptional arrest J. Immunol 153 1778 1788 8046244 1:CAS:528:DyaK2cXlslOgsb0%3D M. Leist, F. Gantner, I. Bohlinger, P. G. Germann, G. Tiegs, and A. Wendel. Murine hepatocyte apoptosis induced in vitro and in vivo by TNF-α requires transcriptional arrest. J. Immunol 153:1778–1788 (1994).
28. 28. V. Goossens K. Vos De D. Vercammen M. Steemans K. Vancompernolle W. Fiers P. Vandenabeele J. Grooten 1999 Redox regulation of TNF signaling BioFactors 10 145 156 10609876 1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXotVKjsr4%3D V. Goossens, K. De Vos, D. Vercammen, M. Steemans, K. Vancompernolle, W. Fiers, P. Vandenabeele, and J. Grooten. Redox regulation of TNF signaling. BioFactors 10:145–156 (1999).
29. 29. Y. Liu V. Tergaonkar S. Krishna E. J. Androphy 1999 Human papillomavirus type 16 E6-enhanced susceptibility of L929 cells to tumor necrosis factor-alpha correlates with increased accumulation of reactive oxygen species J. Biol. Chem 274 24819 24827 10455154 10.1074/jbc.274.35.24819 1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXls1ymsrc%3D Y. Liu, V. Tergaonkar, S. Krishna, and E. J. Androphy. Human papillomavirus type 16 E6-enhanced susceptibility of L929 cells to tumor necrosis factor-alpha correlates with increased accumulation of reactive oxygen species. J. Biol. Chem 274:24819–24827 (1999).
30. 30. D. Vercammen R. Beyaert G. Denecker V. Goossens G. Loo Van W. Declercq J. Grooten W. Fiers P. Vandenabeele 1998 Inhibition of caspases increases the sensitivity of L929 cells to necrosis mediated by tumor necrosis factor J. Exp. Med 187 1477 1485 9565639 10.1084/jem.187.9.1477 1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXivVGjur8%3D D. Vercammen, R. Beyaert, G. Denecker, V. Goossens, G. Van Loo, W. Declercq, J. Grooten, W. Fiers, and P. Vandenabeele. Inhibition of caspases increases the sensitivity of L929 cells to necrosis mediated by tumor necrosis factor. J. Exp. Med 187:1477–1485 (1998).
31. 31. D. Monti L. Moretti S. Salvioli E. Straface W. Malorni R. Pellicciari G. Schettini M. Bisaglia C. Pincelli C. Fumelli M. Bonafe C. Franceschi 2000 C 60 carboxyfullerene exerts a protective activity against oxidative stress-induced apoptosis in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun 277 711 717 11062018 10.1006/bbrc.2000.3715 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXnslCqu7w%3D D. Monti, L. Moretti, S. Salvioli, E. Straface, W. Malorni, R. Pellicciari, G. Schettini, M. Bisaglia, C. Pincelli, C. Fumelli, M. Bonafe, and C. Franceschi. C 60 carboxyfullerene exerts a protective activity against oxidative stress-induced apoptosis in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun 277:711–717 (2000).
32. 32. Z. Markovic B. Todorovic-Markovic M. Marinkovic T. Nenadovic 2003 Temperature measurement of carbon arc plasma in helium Carbon 41 369 371 10.1016/S0008-6223(02)00338-X 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XptlKku7o%3D Z. Markovic, B. Todorovic-Markovic, M. Marinkovic, and T. Nenadovic. Temperature measurement of carbon arc plasma in helium. Carbon 41:369–371 (2003).
33. 33. J. D. Fortner D. Y. Lyon C. M. Sayes A. M. Boyd J. C. Falkner E. M. Hotze L. B. Alemany Y. J. Tao W. Guo K. D. Ausman V. L. Colvin J. B. Hughes 2005 C 60 in water: nanocrystal formation and microbial response Environ. Sci. Technol 39 4307 4316 15984814 10.1021/es048099n 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXjs1SitLY%3D J. D. Fortner, D. Y. Lyon, C. M. Sayes, A. M. Boyd, J. C. Falkner, E. M. Hotze, L. B. Alemany, Y. J. Tao, W. Guo, K. D. Ausman, V. L. Colvin, and J. B. Hughes. C 60 in water: nanocrystal formation and microbial response. Environ. Sci. Technol 39:4307–4316 (2005).
34. 34. G. C. Zhao P. Zhang X. W. Wei Z. S. Yang 2004 Determination of proteins with fullerol by a resonance light scattering technique Anal. Biochem 334 297 302 15494137 10.1016/j.ab.2004.07.007 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXos1KlsL8%3D G. C. Zhao, P. Zhang, X. W. Wei, and Z. S. Yang. Determination of proteins with fullerol by a resonance light scattering technique. Anal. Biochem 334:297–302 (2004).
35. 35. L. Harhaji D. Popadic D. Miljkovic I. Cvetkovic A. Isakovic V. Trajkovic 2006 Acidosis affects tumor cell survival through modulation of nitric oxide release Free Radic. Biol. Med 40 226 235 16413405 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2005.08.027 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XksVehsw%3D%3D L. Harhaji, D. Popadic, D. Miljkovic, I. Cvetkovic, A. Isakovic, and V. Trajkovic. Acidosis affects tumor cell survival through modulation of nitric oxide release. Free Radic. Biol. Med 40:226–235 (2006).
36. 36. D. A. Flick G. E. Gifford 1984 Comparison of in vitro cell cytotoxic assays for tumor necrosis factor J. Immunol. Methods 68 167 175 6707477 10.1016/0022-1759(84)90147-9 1:CAS:528:DyaL2cXhvV2qsbs%3D D. A. Flick, and G. E. Gifford. Comparison of in vitro cell cytotoxic assays for tumor necrosis factor. J. Immunol. Methods 68:167–175 (1984).
37. 37. T. C. Chou P. Talalay 1984 Quantitative analysis of dose-effect relationships: the combined effects of multiple drugs or enzyme inhibitors Adv. Enzyme Regul 22 27 55 6382953 10.1016/0065-2571(84)90007-4 1:CAS:528:DyaL2cXktlaksLk%3D T. C. Chou, and P. Talalay. Quantitative analysis of dose-effect relationships: the combined effects of multiple drugs or enzyme inhibitors. Adv. Enzyme Regul 22:27–55 (1984).
38. 38. M. Berndtsson M. Hagg T. Panaretakis A. M. Havelka M. C. Shoshan S. Linder 2007 Acute apoptosis by cisplatin requires induction of reactive oxygen species but is not associated with damage to nuclear DNA Int. J. Cancer 120 175 180 17044026 10.1002/ijc.22132 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XhtlSisL%2FJ M. Berndtsson, M. Hagg, T. Panaretakis, A. M. Havelka, M. C. Shoshan, and S. Linder. Acute apoptosis by cisplatin requires induction of reactive oxygen species but is not associated with damage to nuclear DNA. Int. J. Cancer 120:175–180 (2007).
39. 39. D. M. Katschinski K. Boos S. G. Schindler J. Fandrey 2000 Pivotal role of reactive oxygen species as intracellular mediators of hyperthermia-induced apoptosis J. Biol. Chem 275 21094 21098 10781588 10.1074/jbc.M001629200 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXkvFGjtb4%3D D. M. Katschinski, K. Boos, S. G. Schindler, and J. Fandrey. Pivotal role of reactive oxygen species as intracellular mediators of hyperthermia-induced apoptosis. J. Biol. Chem 275:21094–21098 (2000).
40. 40. A. L. Edinger C. B. Thompson 2004 Death by design: apoptosis, necrosis and autophagy Curr. Opin. Cell Biol 16 663 669 15530778 10.1016/j.ceb.2004.09.011 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXpsVOrtbk%3D A. L. Edinger, and C. B. Thompson. Death by design: apoptosis, necrosis and autophagy. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol 16:663–669 (2004).
41. 41. J. L. Au N. Panchal D. Li Y. Gan 1997 Apoptosis: a new pharmacodynamic endpoint Pharm. Res 14 1659 1671 9453051 10.1023/A:1012159208559 1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXktFKjsQ%3D%3D J. L. Au, N. Panchal, D. Li, and Y. Gan. Apoptosis: a new pharmacodynamic endpoint. Pharm. Res 14:1659–1671 (1997).
42. 42. S. Bulfone-Paus E. Bulanova T. Pohl V. Budagian H. Durkop R. Ruckert U. Kunzendorf R. Paus H. Krause 1999 Death deflected: IL-15 inhibits TNF-α-mediated apoptosis in fibroblasts by TRAF2 recruitment to the IL-15Rα chain FASEB J 13 1575 1585 10463949 1:STN:280:DyaK1MzptlCrtg%3D%3D S. Bulfone-Paus, E. Bulanova, T. Pohl, V. Budagian, H. Durkop, R. Ruckert, U. Kunzendorf, R. Paus, and H. Krause. Death deflected: IL-15 inhibits TNF-α-mediated apoptosis in fibroblasts by TRAF2 recruitment to the IL-15Rα chain. FASEB J 13:1575–1585 (1999).
43. 43. J. P. Piret T. Arnould B. Fuks P. Chatelain J. Remacle C. Michiels 2004 Caspase activation precedes PTP opening in TNF-α-induced apoptosis in L929 cells Mitochondrion 3 261 278 16120359 10.1016/j.mito.2004.01.001 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXivVems7g%3D J. P. Piret, T. Arnould, B. Fuks, P. Chatelain, J. Remacle, and C. Michiels. Caspase activation precedes PTP opening in TNF-α-induced apoptosis in L929 cells. Mitochondrion 3:261–278 (2004).
44. 44. J. C. Trent D. J. McConkey S. M. Loughlin M. T. Harbison A. Fernandez H. N. Ananthaswamy 1996 Ras signaling in tumor necrosis factor-induced apoptosis EMBO J 15 4497 4505 8887541 1:CAS:528:DyaK28XlvV2hs7g%3D J. C. Trent, D. J. McConkey, S. M. Loughlin, M. T. Harbison, A. Fernandez, and H. N. Ananthaswamy. Ras signaling in tumor necrosis factor-induced apoptosis. EMBO J 15:4497–4505 (1996).
45. 45. M. Los M. Mozoluk D. Ferrari A. Stepczynska C. Stroh A. Renz Z. Herceg Z. Q. Wang K. Schulze-Osthoff 2002 Activation and caspase-mediated inhibition of PARP: a molecular switch between fibroblast necrosis and apoptosis in death receptor signaling Mol. Biol. Cell 13 978 988 11907276 10.1091/mbc.01-05-0272 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XivVequ7o%3D M. Los, M. Mozoluk, D. Ferrari, A. Stepczynska, C. Stroh, A. Renz, Z. Herceg, Z. Q. Wang, and K. Schulze-Osthoff. Activation and caspase-mediated inhibition of PARP: a molecular switch between fibroblast necrosis and apoptosis in death receptor signaling. Mol. Biol. Cell 13:978–988 (2002).
46. 46. C. Fady A. Gardner F. Jacoby K. Briskin Y. Tu I. Schmid A. Lichtenstein 1995 Atypical apoptotic cell death induced in L929 targets by exposure to tumor necrosis factor J. Interferon Cytokine Res 15 71 80 7648436 1:CAS:528:DyaK2MXjsFeqsLY%3D 10.1089/jir.1995.15.71 C. Fady, A. Gardner, F. Jacoby, K. Briskin, Y. Tu, I. Schmid, and A. Lichtenstein. Atypical apoptotic cell death induced in L929 targets by exposure to tumor necrosis factor. J. Interferon Cytokine Res 15:71–80 (1995).
47. 47. D. T. Humphreys M. R. Wilson 1999 Modes of L929 cell death induced by TNF-α and other cytotoxic agents Cytokine 11 773 782 10525316 10.1006/cyto.1998.0492 1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXms1Crtr4%3D D. T. Humphreys, and M. R. Wilson. Modes of L929 cell death induced by TNF-α and other cytotoxic agents. Cytokine 11:773–782 (1999).
48. 48. X. Wang N. Li B. Liu H. Sun T. Chen H. Li J. Qiu L. Zhang T. Wan X. Cao 2004 A novel human phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein resists tumor necrosis factor-α-induced apoptosis by inhibiting mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway activation and phosphatidylethanolamine externalization J. Biol. Chem 279 45855 45864 15302887 10.1074/jbc.M405147200 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXovVCntr0%3D X. Wang, N. Li, B. Liu, H. Sun, T. Chen, H. Li, J. Qiu, L. Zhang, T. Wan, and X. Cao. A novel human phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein resists tumor necrosis factor-α-induced apoptosis by inhibiting mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway activation and phosphatidylethanolamine externalization. J. Biol. Chem 279:45855–45864 (2004).
49. 49. A. Strelow K. Bernardo S. Adam-Klages T. Linke K. Sandhoff M. Kronke D. Adam 2000 Overexpression of acid ceramidase protects from tumor necrosis factor-induced cell death J. Exp. Med 192 601 612 10974027 10.1084/jem.192.5.601 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXmtlegsbw%3D A. Strelow, K. Bernardo, S. Adam-Klages, T. Linke, K. Sandhoff, M. Kronke, and D. Adam. Overexpression of acid ceramidase protects from tumor necrosis factor-induced cell death. J. Exp. Med 192:601–612 (2000).
50. 50. J. J. Lemasters 1999 Necrapoptosis and the mitochondrial permeability transition: shared pathways to necrosis and apoptosis Am. J. Physiol 276 G1 G6 9886971 1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXntlGitg%3D%3D J. J. Lemasters. Necrapoptosis and the mitochondrial permeability transition: shared pathways to necrosis and apoptosis. Am. J. Physiol 276:G1–G6 (1999).
51. 51. G. Denecker D. Vercammen W. Declercq P. Vandenabeele 2001 Apoptotic and necrotic cell death induced by death domain receptors Cell. Mol. Life Sci 58 356 370 11315185 10.1007/PL00000863 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXjtVaht7Y%3D G. Denecker, D. Vercammen, W. Declercq, and P. Vandenabeele. Apoptotic and necrotic cell death induced by death domain receptors. Cell. Mol. Life Sci 58:356–370 (2001).
52. 52. D. B. Zorov M. Juhaszova S. J. Sollott 2006 Mitochondrial ROS-induced ROS release: an update and review Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1757 509 517 16829228 10.1016/j.bbabio.2006.04.029 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28Xmsl2jtrc%3D D. B. Zorov, M. Juhaszova, and S. J. Sollott. Mitochondrial ROS-induced ROS release: an update and review. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1757:509–517 (2006).
53. 53. S. Ko T. T. Kwok K. P. Fung Y. M. Choy C. Y. Lee S. K. Kong 2001 Tumour necrosis factor induced an early release of superoxide and a late mitochondrial membrane depolarization in L929 cells. Increase in the production of superoxide is not sufficient to mimic the action of TNF Biol. Signals Recept 10 326 335 11490098 10.1159/000046900 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXmsFGqsL8%3D S. Ko, T. T. Kwok, K. P. Fung, Y. M. Choy, C. Y. Lee, and S. K. Kong. Tumour necrosis factor induced an early release of superoxide and a late mitochondrial membrane depolarization in L929 cells. Increase in the production of superoxide is not sufficient to mimic the action of TNF. Biol. Signals Recept 10:326–335 (2001).
54. 54. T. Hennet C. Richter E. Peterhans 1993 Tumour necrosis factor-α induces superoxide anion generation in mitochondria of L929 cells Biochem. J 289 587 592 7678739 1:CAS:528:DyaK3sXnvFSqtw%3D%3D T. Hennet, C. Richter, and E. Peterhans. Tumour necrosis factor-α induces superoxide anion generation in mitochondria of L929 cells. Biochem. J 289:587–592 (1993).
55. 55. M. Fujitsuka H. Kasai A. Masuhara S. Okada H. Oikawa H. Nakanishi O. Ito K. Yase 2000 Laser flash photolysis study on photophysical and photochemical properties of C 60 fine particles J. Photochem. Photobiol., A Chem 133 45 50 10.1016/S1010-6030(00)00219-7 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXisV2msrY%3D M. Fujitsuka, H. Kasai, A. Masuhara, S. Okada, H. Oikawa, H. Nakanishi, O. Ito, and K. Yase. Laser flash photolysis study on photophysical and photochemical properties of C 60 fine particles. J. Photochem. Photobiol., A Chem 133:45–50 (2000).
56. 56. L. Qingnuan X. Yan Z. Xiaodong L. Ruili D. Qieqie S. Xiaoguang C. Shaoliang L. Wenxin 2002 Preparation of 99m Tc-C 60 (OH) x and its biodistribution studies Nucl. Med. Biol 29 707 710 12234597 10.1016/S0969-8051(02)00313-X L. Qingnuan, X. Yan, Z. Xiaodong, L. Ruili, D. Qieqie, S. Xiaoguang, C. Shaoliang, and L. Wenxin. Preparation of 99m Tc-C 60 (OH) x and its biodistribution studies. Nucl. Med. Biol 29:707–710 (2002).