Supertasting and PROP bitterness depends on more than the TAS2R38 gene

Chemical Senses

Volumn 33, Issue 3, 2008, Pages 255-265

  Hayes, John E ^a,d   Bartoshuk, Linda M ^b   Kidd, Judith R ^c   Duffy, Valerie B ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CONNECTICUT   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA COLLEGE OF DENTISTRY   (United States)

^c YALE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^d BROWN UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Bitter; Fungiform papillae; Genetics; Supertasting; Taste

Indexed keywords

ALANYLALANYLVALINE; ALANYLVALYLISOLEUCINE; AMINO ACID; CITRIC ACID; PROLYLALANYLVALINE; PROLYLVALYLISOLEUCINE; PROPYLTHIOURACIL; PROTEIN TAS2R38; QUININE; RECEPTOR PROTEIN; SODIUM CHLORIDE; SUCROSE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

ADULT; ARTICLE; BITTER TASTE; CAUCASIAN; CHEMOSENSITIVITY; CONCENTRATION RESPONSE; DNA POLYMORPHISM; FEMALE; FUNGIFORM PAPILLAE; GENOTYPE; HETEROZYGOTE; HOMOZYGOTE; HUMAN; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; MALE; NORMAL HUMAN; PHENOTYPE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; TASTE BUD; TONGUE;

ADULT; AMINO ACID SUBSTITUTION; FEMALE; GENE FREQUENCY; GENOTYPE; HAPLOTYPES; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; POLYMORPHISM, SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE; PROPYLTHIOURACIL; QUININE; RECEPTORS, G-PROTEIN-COUPLED; TASTE; TASTE BUDS; TASTE THRESHOLD; TONGUE;

EID: 41049099554     PISSN: 0379864X     EISSN: 14643553     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjm084     Document Type: Article

References (54)

1. Bartoshuk LM, Duffy VB, Fast K, Green BG, Prutkin J, Snyder DJ. 2003. Labeled scales (eg, category; Likert, VAS) and invalid across-group comparisons: What we have learned from genetic variation in taste. Food Qual Pref. 14:125-138.
2. Bartoshuk LM, Duffy VB, Green BG, Hoffman HJ, Ko CW, Lucchina LA, Marks LE, Snyder DJ, Weiffenbach JM. 2004. Valid across-group comparisons with labeled scales: The gLMS versus magnitude matching. Physiol Behav. 82: 109-114.
3. Bartoshuk LM, Duffy VB, Lucchina LA, Prutkin J, Fast K. 1998. PROP (6-n-propylthiouracil) supertasters and the saltiness of NaCl. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 855:793-796.
4. Bartoshuk LM, Duffy VB, Miller IJ. 1994. PTC/PROP tasting: Anatomy, psychophysics, and sex effects. Physiol Behav. 56:1165-1171.
5. Bartoshuk LM, Fast K, Snyder DJ. 2005. Differences in our sensory worlds: Invalid comparisons with labeled scales. Curr Dir Psychol Sci. 14:122-125.
6. Bartoshuk LM, Snyder DJ, Grushka M, Berger AM, Puffy VB, Kveton JF. 2005. Taste damage: Previously unsuspected consequences. Chem Senses. 30(Suppl 1):i218-i219.
7. Blakeslee AF. 1932. Genetics of sensory thresholds: Taste for phenylthiocarbamido. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 18:120-130.
8. Boyd WC. 1950. Taste reactions to antithyroid substances. Science. 112:153.
9. Bufe B, Breslin PA, Kuhn C, Reed DR, Tharp CD, Slack JP, Kim UK, Drayna D, Meyerhof W. 2005. The molecular basis of individual differences in phenylthiocarbamide and propylthiouracil bitterness perception. Curr Biol. 15:322-327.
10. Cannon DS, Baker TB, Piper ME, Scholand MB, Lawrence DL, Drayna DT, McMahon WM, Villegas GM, Caton TC, Cooh H, et al. 2005. Associations between phenylthiocarbamide gene polymorphisms and cigarette smoking. Nicotine Tob Res. 7:853-858.
11. Chandrashekar J, Mueller KL, Hoon MA, Adler E, Feng L, Guo W, Zuker CS, Ryba NJ. 2000. T2Rs function as bitter taste receptors. Cell. 100:703-711.
12. Chen X, Ender P, Mitchell M, von Eyben R, Wells C. 2005. Regression with categorical predictors. Available from: http://www.ats.ucla.edu/stat/sas/ webbooks/reg/chapter3/sasreg3.htm via the INTERNET. Accessed 12 Nov 2007.
13. Cruz A, Green BG. 2000. Thermal stimulation of taste. Nature. 403:889-892.
14. Delwiche JF, Buletic Z, Breslin PA. 2001. Relationship of papillae number to bitter intensity of quinine and PROP within and between individuals. Physiol Behav. 74:329-337.
15. Dinehart ME, Hayes JE, Bartoshuk LM, Lanier SL, Duffy VB. 2006. Bitter taste markers explain variability in vegetable sweetness, bitterness, and intake. Physiol Behav. 87:304-313.
16. Doty RL, Bagla R, Morgenson M, Mirza N. 2001. NaCl thresholds: relationship to anterior tongue locus, area of stimulation, and number of fungiform papillae. Physiol Behav. 72:373-378.
17. Drayna D, Coon H, Kim UK, Elsner T, Cromer K, Otterud B, Baird L, Peiffer AP, Leppert M. 2003. Genetic analysis of a complex trait in the Utah Genetic Reference Project: A major locus for PTC taste ability on chromosome 7q and a secondary locus on chromosome 16p. Hum Genet. 112:567-572.
18. Duffy VB, Bartoshuk LM, Striegel-Moore R, Rodin J. 1998. Taste changes across pregnancy. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 855:805-809.
19. Duffy VB, Davidson AC, Kidd JR, Kidd KK, Speed WC, Pakstis AJ, Reed DR, Snyder DJ, Bartoshuk LM. 2004. Bitter receptor gene (TAS2R38), 6-n-propylthiouracil (PROP) bitterness and alcohol intake. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 28:1629-1637.
20. Duffy VB, Hayes JE, Dinehart ME. 2006. Genetic differences in sweet taste perception. In Spillane WJ, editor. Optimising the sweet taste in foods. Cambridge: Woodhead Publishing. p. 30-53.
21. Duffy VB, Peterson J, Bartoshuk LM. 2004. Associations between taste genetics, oral sensations and alcohol intake. Physiol Behav. 82:435-445.
22. Duffy VB, Peterson J, Dinehart M, Bartoshuk LM. 2003. Genetic and environmental variation in taste: Associations with sweet intensity, preference and intake. Top Clin Nutr. 18:209-220.
23. Floriano WB, Hall S, Vaidehi N, Kim U, Drayna D, Goddard WA 3rd. 2006. Modeling the human PTC bitter-taste receptor interactions with bitter tastants. J Mol Model. 12:931-941.
24. Fox AL. 1932. The relationship between chemical constitution and taste. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 18:115-120.
25. Glanville EV, Kaplan AR. 1965. Taste perception and the menstrual cycle. Nature. 205:930-931.
26. Green BG, Dalton P, Cowart B, Shaffer G, Rankin K, Higgins J. 1996. Evaluating the 'Labeled Magnitude Scale' for measuring sensations of taste and smell. Chem Senses. 21:323-334.
27. Green BG, George P. 2004. 'Thermal taste' predicts higher responsiveness to chemical taste and flavor. Chem Senses. 29:617-628.
28. Green BG, Hayes JE. 2004. Individual differences in perception of bitterness from capsaicin, piperine and zingerone. Chem Senses. 29:53-60.
29. Green BG, Shaffer GS, Gilmore MM. 1993 Derivation and evaluation of a semantic scale of oral sensation magnitude with apparent ratio properties. Chem Senses. 18:683-702.
30. Hayes JE, Duffy VB. 2007. Revisiting sugar-fat mixtures: Sweetness and creaminess vary with phenotypic markers of oral sensation. Chem Senses. 32:225-236.
31. Just T, Pau HW, Bomlaor I, Guthoff RF, Fietkau R, Hummel T. 2005. Confocal microscopy of the peripheral gustatory system: Comparison between healthy subjects and patients suffering from taste disorders during radio-chemotherapy. Laryngoscope. 115:2178-2182.
32. Kidd K, Davidson A, Pakstis A, Speed W, Bartoshuk L, Duffy V, Kidd J. 2004. PTC-tasting and negative evidence for balancing selection. Presented at American Society of Human Genetics meeting, October 2004. Toronto, ON.
33. Kim UK, Jorgenson E, Coon H, Leppert M, Risch N, Drayna D. 2003. Positional cloning of the human quantitative trait locus underlying taste sensitivity to phenylthiocarbamide. Science. 299:1221-1225.
34. Lawless H. 1979. Taste of creatine and creatinine. Chem Senses. 4:249-258.
35. Lawless H. 1980. A comparison of different methods used to assess sensitivity to the taste of phenylthiocarbamide (PTC). Chem Senses. 5:247-256.
36. Lawless HT, Horne J, Speirs W. 2000. Contrast and range effects for category, magnitude and labeled magnitude scales in judgments of sweetness intensity. Chem Senses. 25:85-92.
37. Marks LE 1992. The slippery context effect in psychophysics: Intensive, extensive, and qualitative continua. Percept Psychophys. 51:187-198.
38. McBurney D, Collings VB. 1977. Introduction to sensation/perception. Englewood Cliffs (NJ): Prentice-Hall.
39. Mennella JA, Duke F, Pepino MY, Perlman E, Forestell C, Reed D. 2007. Haplotypes of the bitter receptor TAS2R38 and their relationship to bitter perception of PROP in children, adolescents and adults. Chem Senses. 32:A25 [abstract].
40. Olson JM, Boehnke M, Neiswanger K, Roche AF, Siervogel RM. 1989. Alternative genetic models for the inheritance of the phenylthiocarbamide taste deficiency. Genet Epidemiol. 6:423-434.
41. Pickering GJ, Gordon R. 2006. Perception Of mouthfeel sensations elicited by red wine are associated with sensitivity to 6-N-propylthiouracil. J Sens Stud. 21:249-265.
42. Pickering GJ, Haverstock G, DiBattista D. 2006. Evidence that sensitivity to 6-n-propylthiouracil (PROP) affects perception of retro-nasal aroma intensity. J Food Agric Environ. 4:15-22.
43. Prescott J, Swain-Campbell N. 2000. Responses to repeated oral irritation by capsaicin, cinnamaldehyde and ethanol in PROP tasters and non-tasters. Chem Senses. 25:239-246.
44. Prutkin J, Fisher EM, Etter L, Fast K, Gardner, E, Lucchina LA, Snyder DJ, Tie K, Weiffenbach J, Bartoshuk LM. 2000. Genetic variation and inferences about perceived taste intensity in mice and men. Physiol Behav. 69: 161-173.
45. Reed DR, Nanthakumar E, North M, Bell C, Bartoshuk LM, Price RA. 1999. Localization of a gene for bitter-taste perception to human chromosome 5p15. Am J Hum Genet. 64:1478-1480.
46. Shahbake M, Hutchinson I, Laing DG, Jinks AL. 2005. Rapid quantitative assessment of fungiform papillae density in the human tongue. Brain Res. 1052:196-201.
47. Talavera K, Yasumatsu K, Voets T, Droogmans G, Shigemura N, Ninomiya Y, Margolskee RF, Nilius B. 2005. Heat activation of TRPM5 underlies thermal sensitivity of sweet taste. Nature. 438:1022-1025.
48. Timpson NJ, Heron J, Day IN, Ring SM, Bartoshuk LM, Horwood J, Emmett P, Davey-Smith G. 2007. Refining associations between TAS2R38 diplotypes and the 6-n-propylthiouracil (PROP) taste test: Findings from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. BMC Genet. 8:51.
49. Tomassini S, Cuoghi V, Catalani E, Casini G, Bigiani A. 2007. Long-term effects of nicotine on rat fungiform taste buds. Neuroscience. 147: 803-810.
50. Ueda T, Ugawa S, Ishida Y, Shibata Y, Murakami S, Shimada S. 2001. Identification of coding single-nucleotide polymorphisms in human taste receptor genes involving bitter tasting. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 285:147-151.
51. Wang JC, Hinrichs AL, Bertelsen S, Stock H, Budde JP, Dick DM, Bucholz KK, Rice J, Saccone N, Edenberg HJ, Hesselbrock V, Kuperman S, Schuckit MA, Bierut LJ, Goate AM. 2007. Functional variants in TAS2R38 and TAS2R16 influence alcohol consumption in high-risk families of African-American origin. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 31:209-215.
52. Wooding S, Kim UK, Bamshad MJ, Larsen J, Jorde LB, Drayna D. 2004. Natural selection and molecular evolution in PTC, a bitter-taste receptor gene. Am J Hum Genet. 74:637-646.
53. Zhang Y, Hoon MA, Chandrashekar J, Mueller KL, Cook B, Wu D, Zukler CS, Ryba NJ. 2003. Coding of sweet, bitter, and umami tastes: Different receptor cells sharing similar signaling pathways. Cell. 112:293-301.
54. Zuniga JR, Davis SH, Englehardt RA, Miller IJ, Schiffman SS, Phillips C. 1993. Taste performance on the anterior human tongue varies with fungiform taste bud density. Chem Senses. 18:449-460.