Control of access to memory: The use of task interference as a behavioral probe

Journal of Memory and Language

Volumn 58, Issue 2, 2008, Pages 465-479

  Loft, Shayne ^a   Humphreys, Michael S ^a   Whitney, Susannah J ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF QUEENSLAND   (Australia)

Author keywords

Context reinstatement; Directed forgetting; Memory access; Prospective memory; Recognition memory; Task interference

Indexed keywords

EID: 38649093045     PISSN: 0749596X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jml.2007.04.002     Document Type: Article

References (58)

1. Anderson J.R., and Bower G.H. Human associative memory (1973), V.H. Winston & Sons, Oxford, England
2. Bain J.D., and Humphreys M.S. The relational context effect: Cues, meanings or configurations. In: Davis G., and Thomson D. (Eds). Memory in context: Context in memory (1988), Wiley, London 97-138
3. Balota, D. A., Cortese, M. J., Hutchison, K. A., Neely, J. H., Nelson, D., & Simpson, G. B., et al. (2002). The English lexicon project: A web-based repository of descriptive and behavioral measures for 40,481 English words and nonwords. Available from http://elexicon.wustl.edu/.
4. Banks W.P. Recognition and source memory as multivariate decision processes. Psychological Science 11 (2000) 267-273
5. Basden B.H., and Basden D.R. Directed forgetting: Further comparisons of the item and list methods. Memory 4 (1996) 633-653
6. Benjamin A.S. The effects if list-method directed forgetting on recognition memory. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review 13 (2006) 831-836
7. Bjork R.A. Positive forgetting: The noninterference of items intentionally forgotten. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior 9 (1970) 255-268
8. Bjork R.A. Retrieval inhibition as an adaptive mechanism in human memory. In: Roediger H.L., and Craik F.I.M. (Eds). Varieties of memory and consciousness: Essays in honour of Endel Tulving (1989), Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ 309-330
9. Cohen J. Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (1988), L. Erlbaum Associates, Hillsdale, NJ
10. Cruse D., and Jones R.A. Intentional forgetting of tones in a choice recognition-time task. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory 2 (1976) 577-585
11. Dennis, S. (1995). The Sydney Morning Herald Word Database. Noetica: Open Forum, 1(4). Retrieved February 2 2005. Available from http://psy.uq.edu.au/CogPsych/Noetica.
12. Dennis S., and Humphreys M.S. A context noise model of episodic word recognition. Psychological Review 108 (2001) 452-478
13. Einstein G.O., and McDaniel M.A. Normal aging and prospective memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 16 (1990) 717-726
14. Einstein G.O., McDaniel M.A., Thomas R., Mayfield S., Shank H., Morrisette N., et al. Multiple processes in prospective memory retrieval: Factors determining monitoring versus spontaneous retrieval. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 134 (2005) 327-342
15. Geiselman R.E., Bjork R.A., and Fishman D.L. Disrupted retrieval in directed forgetting: A link with posthypnotic amnesia. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 112 (1983) 58-72
16. Gillund G., and Shiffrin R.M. A retrieval model for both recognition and recall. Psychological Review 91 (1984) 1-67
17. Godden D.R., and Baddeley A.D. When does context influence recognition memory?. British Journal of Psychology 71 (1980) 99-104
18. Goschke T., and Kuhl J. Representation of intentions: Persisting activation in memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 19 (1993) 1211-1226
19. Green D.M., and Swets J.A. Signal detection theory and psychophysics (1966), Wiley, New York
20. Guynn M.J. A two-process model of strategic monitoring in event-based prospective memory: Activation/retrieval mode and checking. International Journal of Psychology 38 (2003) 245-256
21. Hicks J.L., Marsh R.L., and Cook G.I. Task interference in time-based, event-based, and dual intention prospective memory conditions. Journal of Memory and Language 53 (2005) 430-444
22. Hintzman D.L. Judgments of frequency and recognition memory in a multiple-trace memory model. Psychological Review 95 (1988) 528-551
23. Howard D.V. Search and decision processes in intentional forgetting: A reaction time analysis. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory 2 (1976) 566-576
24. Humphreys M.S., Bain J.D., and Pike R. Different ways to cue a coherent memory system: A theory for episodic, semantic and procedural tasks. Psychological Review 96 (1989) 208-233
25. Humphreys M.S., Dennis S., Chalmers K.A., and Finnigan S. Dual processes in recognition: Does a focus on measurement operations provide a sufficient foundation. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review 7 (2000) 593-603
26. Humphreys M.S., Dennis S., Maguire A.M., Reynolds K., Bolland S.W., and Hughes J.D. What you get out of memory depends on the question you ask. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition 29 (2003) 797-812
27. Humphreys M.S., Tehan G., O'Shea A., and Bolland S.W. Target similarity effects: Support for parallel distributed processing accounts. Memory & Cognition 28 (2000) 798-811
28. Jacoby L.L. A process dissociation framework. Separating automatic from intentional uses of memory. Journal of Memory and Language 30 (1991) 513-541
29. Jacoby L.L., Shimizu Y., Daniels K.A., and Rhodes M.G. Modes of cognitive control in recognition and source memory: Depth of retrieval. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review 12 (2005) 852-857
30. Jacoby L.L., Shimizu Y., Velanova K., and Rhodes M.G. Age differences in depth of retrieval: Memory for foils. Journal of Memory and Language 52 (2005) 493-504
31. Johnson M.K., Hashtroudi S., and Lindsay D.S. Source monitoring. Psychological Bulletin 114 (1993) 3-28
32. Koriat A., and Goldsmith M. Monitoring and control processes in the strategic regulation of memory accuracy. Psychological Review 103 (1996) 490-517
33. Loft, S., & Yeo., G. (in press). An investigation into the resource requirements of event-based prospective memory. Memory & Cognition.
34. MacLeod C.M. Directed forgetting. In: Golding J.M., and MacLeod C.M. (Eds). Intentional forgetting: Interdisciplinary approaches (1998), Erlbaum, Mahwah, NJ 1-57
35. Mandler G. Recognizing: The judgment of previous occurrence. Psychological Review 87 3 (1980) 252-271
36. Marsh R.L., Cook G.I., and Hicks J.L. Task interference from event-based intentions can be material specific. Memory & Cognition 1 (2007) 1636-1643
37. Marsh R.L., and Hicks J.L. Test formats change source-monitoring decision processes. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition 24 (1998) 1137-1151
38. Marsh R.L., Hicks J.L., and Cook G.I. Task interference from prospective memories covaries with contextual associations of fulfilling them. Memory & Cognition 34 (2006) 1037-1045
39. Marsh R.L., Hicks J.L., Cook G.I., Hansen J.S., and Pallos A.L. Interference to ongoing activities covaries with the characteristics of an event-based intention. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 29 (2003) 861-870
40. McDaniel M.A., Guynn M.J., Einstein G.O., and Breneiser J. Cue-focused and automatic-associative processes in prospective memory retrieval. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 30 (2004) 605-614
41. Raaijmakers J.G., and Shiffrin R.M. Search of associative memory. Psychological Review 88 (1981) 93-134
42. Roediger H.L., Weldon M.S., and Challis B.H. Explaining dissociations between implicit and explicit measures of retention: A processing account. In: Roediger H.L., and Craik F.I.M. (Eds). Varieties of memory and consciousness: Essays in honour of Endel Tulving (1989), Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Hillsdale, NJ 3-41
43. Sahakyan L., and Delaney P.F. Can encoding differences explain the benefits of directed forgetting in the list method paradigm?. Journal of Memory and Language 48 (2003) 195-206
44. Sahakyan L., and Delaney P.F. Directed forgetting in incidental learning and recognition testing: Support for a two-factor account. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 31 (2005) 789-801
45. Sahakyan L., and Kelley C.M. A contextual change account of the directed forgetting effect. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 28 (2002) 1064-1072
46. Schneider A., Eschman A., and Zuccolotto A. E-prime reference guide (2002), Psychology Software Tools, Pittsburgh, PA
47. Shiffrin R.M., and Steyvers M. A model for recognition memory: REM: Retrieving effectively from Memory. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review 4 (1997) 145-166
48. Smith R.E. The cost of remembering to remember in event-based prospective memory: Investigating the capacity demands of delayed intention performance. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 29 (2003) 347-361
49. Smith R.E., and Bayen U.J. A multinomial model of prospective memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 30 (2004) 756-777
50. Smith R.E., and Bayen U.J. The source of adult age differences in event-based prospective memory: A multinomial modeling approach. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 32 (2006) 623-635
51. Smith S.M., Glenberg A.M., and Bjork R.A. Environmental context and human memory. Memory & Cognition 6 (1978) 342-353
52. Smith S.M., and Vela E. Environmental context-dependent memory: A review and meta-analysis. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review 8 (2001) 203-220
53. Stanislaw H., and Todorov N. Calculation of signal detection theory measures. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments and Computers 31 (1999) 137-149
54. Tehan G., Humphreys M.S., Tolan G.A., and Pitcher C. The role of context in producing item interactions and false memories. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 30 (2004) 107-119
55. Tulving E. Elements of episodic memory (1983), Oxford University Press, New York
56. Underwood B.J. Recognition memory as a function of length of study list. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society 12 (1978) 89-91
57. Weeks, C. S., Humphreys, M. S., & Hockley, W. E., (in press). Buffered forgetting: When targets and distracters are both forgotten. Memory & Cognition.
58. Whetstone T., Cross M.D., and Whetstone L.M. Inhibition, contextual segregation, and subject strategies in list method directed forgetting. Consciousness and Cognition 5 (1996) 395-417