Directed Forgetting: Further Comparisons of the Item and List Methods

Memory

Volumn 4, Issue 6, 1996, Pages 633-654

  Basden, Barbara H ^a,b   Basden, David R ^a  

^a CALIFORNIA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b CALIFORNIA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE; ARTICLE; CLINICAL TRIAL; COMPARATIVE STUDY; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; FACTORIAL ANALYSIS; HUMAN; INHIBITION (PSYCHOLOGY); LONG TERM MEMORY; PSYCHOLOGIC TEST; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; RECALL; SUGGESTION;

ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE; FACTOR ANALYSIS, STATISTICAL; HUMANS; INHIBITION (PSYCHOLOGY); MENTAL RECALL; PSYCHOLOGICAL TESTS; RETENTION (PSYCHOLOGY); SUGGESTION;

EID: 0030277373     PISSN: 09658211     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/741941000     Document Type: Article

References (36)

1. Basden, B.H., Basden, D.R., Coe, W.C., Decker, S., & Crutcher, K. (1994). Retrieval inhibition in directed forgetting and posthypnotic amnesia. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis, 42, 184-203.
2. Basden, B.H., Basden, D.R., & Gargano, G.J. (1993). Directed forgetting in implicit and explicit memory tests: A comparison of methods. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition, 19, 603-616.
3. Bjork, R.A. (1970). Positive forgetting: The noninterference of items intentionally forgotten. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 9, 255-268.
4. Bjork, R.A. (1972). Theoretical implications of directed forgetting. In A.W. Melton & E. Martin (Eds.), Coding processes in human memory (pp. 217-235). Washington, DC: Winston.
5. Bjork, R.A. (1989). Retrieval inhibition as an adaptive mechanism in human memory. In H.L. Roediger III, & F.I.M. Craik (Eds.), Varieties of memory and consciousness: Festschrift for Endel Tulving: Memory Research (pp. 309-330). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Inc.
6. Bray, N.W., Justice, E.M., & Zahm, D.N. (1983). Two developmental transitions in selective remembering strategies. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 36, 43-55.
7. Brown, A.S., & Mitchell, D.B. (1994). A re-evaluation of semantic versus nonsemantic processing in implicit memory. Memory & Cognition, 22, 533-541.
8. Bugelski, B.R. (1970). Words and things and images. American Psychologist, 25, 1002-1012.
9. Challis, B.H., & Brodbeck, D.R. (1992). Level of processing affects priming in word fragment completion. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 18, 595-607.
10. Cloitre, M., Cancienna, J., Brodsky, B., Zeitlin, S.B., Dulit, R., & Perry, S. (1996). Memory performance among women with parental abuse histories: Enhanced directed forgetting or directed remembering? Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 105, 204-211.
11. Einstein, G.O., & Hunt, R.R. (1980). Levels of processing and organization: Additive effects of individual-item and relational processing. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory, 6, 588-598.
12. Epstein, W. (1970). Facilitation of retrieval resulting from post-input exclusion of part of the input. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 86, 190-195.
13. Gardiner, J.M. (1988). Functional aspects of recollective experience. Memory & Cognition, 16, 309-313.
14. Gardiner, J.M., Gawlik, G., & Richardson-Klavehn, A. (1994). Maintenance rehearsal affects knowing not remembering; Elaborative rehearsal affects remembering not knowing. Psychonomic Bulletin and Review, 1, 107-110.
15. Gardiner, J.M., & Java, R.I. (1993). Recognizing and remembering. In A. Collins, S. Gathercole, M. Conway, & P. Morris (Eds.), Theories of memory (pp. 163-188). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Inc.
16. Geiselman, R.E., & Bagheri, B. (1985). Repetition effects in directed forgetting: Evidence for retrieval inhibition. Memory & Cognition, 13, 57-62.
17. Geiselman, R.E., Bjork, R.A., & Fishman, D.L. (1983). Disrupted retrieval in directed forgetting: A link with posthypnotic amnesia. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 112, 58-72.
18. Golding, J.M., Long, D.L., & MacLeod, C.M. (1994). You can't always forget what you want: Directed forgetting of related words. Journal of Memory and Language, 33, 493-510.
19. Hasher, L., & Zacks, R.T. (1988). Working memory, comprehension, and aging: A review and a new view. In G.H. Bower (Ed.), The psychology of learning and motivation (Vol. 22, pp.193-225). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
20. Hunt, R.R., & Einstein, G.O. (1981). Relational and item-specific information in memory. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 20, 497-514.
21. Hunt, R.R., & Marschark, M. (1989). Yet another picture of imagery: The roles of shared and distinctive information in memory. In M.A. McDaniel & M. Pressley (Eds.), Imagery and related mnemonic processes: Theories, individual differences, and applications. New York: Springer-Verlag.
22. Hunt, R.R., & McDaniel, M.A. (1993). The enigma of organization and distinctiveness. Journal of Memory and Language, 32, 421-445.
23. Johnston, H.M. (1994). Processes of successful intentional forgetting. Psychological Bulletin, 116, 274-292.
24. MacLeod, C.M. (1989). Directed forgetting affects both direct and indirect tests of memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition, 15, 13-21.
25. Paller, K.A. (1990). Recall and stem-completion priming have different electrophysiological correlates and are modified differentially by directed forgetting. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 16, 1021-1032.
26. Rajaram, S. (1993). Remembering and knowing: Two means of access to the personal past. Memory & Cognition, 21, 89-102.
27. Roediger, H.L. III, & McDermott, K.B. (1993). Implicit memory in normal human subjects. In H. Spinnler & F. Boller (Eds.), Handbook of neuropsychology, Vol. 8 (pp.63-131). Amsterdam: Elsevier.
28. Russo, R., & Andrade, J. (1995). The directed forgetting effect in word fragment completion: An application of the process dissociation procedure. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology: Section A: Human Experimental Psychology, 48A, 405-423.
29. Snodgrass, J.G., & Vanderwart, M. (1980). A standardized set of 260 pictures: Norms for name agreement, image agreement, familiarity, and visual complexity. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory, 6, 174-215.
30. Thapar, A., & Greene, R.L. (1994). Effects of level of processing on implicit and explicit tasks. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 20, 671-679.
31. Toth, J.P., Reingold, E.M., & Jacoby, L.L. (1994). Toward a redefinition of implicit memory: Process dissociations following elaborative processing and self-generation. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 20, 290-303.
32. Tulving, E. (1985). Memory and consciousness. Canadian Psychologist, 26, 1-12.
33. Tulving, E., Schacter, D.L., & Stark, H.A. (1982). Priming effects in word-fragment completion are independent of recognition memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 8, 336-342.
34. Tzeng, O.J.L., Lee, A.T., & Wetzel, C.D. (1979). Temporal coding in verbal information processing. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory, 5, 52-64.
35. Woodward, A.E., Bjork, R.A., & Jongeward, R.H. (1973). Recall and recognition as a function of primary rehearsal. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 12, 608-617.
36. Zacks, R.T., Radvansky, G., & Hasher, L. (1996). Studies of directed forgetting in older adults. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition, 22, 143-156.