Bronchoprovocation Testing in Asthma

Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America

Volumn 27, Issue 4, 2007, Pages 633-649

  Covar, Ronina A ^a  

^a NATIONAL JEWISH MEDICAL AND RESEARCH CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BIOLOGICAL MARKER; CORTICOSTEROID; FLUTICASONE PROPIONATE; HISTAMINE; INTERLEUKIN 5; METHACHOLINE; OMALIZUMAB; PLACEBO;

ASTHMA; BRONCHOPROVOCATION TEST; CLINICAL TRIAL; CONFIDENCE INTERVAL; DIAGNOSTIC TEST; DISEASE COURSE; DISEASE MARKER; DRUG DOSE TITRATION; DRUG MECHANISM; GENETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY; HUMAN; IMMUNOMODULATION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTION; REVIEW; RISK FACTOR; STATISTICAL SIGNIFICANCE; SYMPTOMATOLOGY;

ADENOSINE MONOPHOSPHATE; ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AGENTS; ASTHMA; BIOLOGICAL MARKERS; BRONCHIAL HYPERREACTIVITY; BRONCHIAL PROVOCATION TESTS; GENETIC PREDISPOSITION TO DISEASE; HUMANS;

EID: 35748977643     PISSN: 08898561     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.iac.2007.09.005     Document Type: Review

References (97)

1. Joos G.F., O'Connor B., Anderson S.D., et al. ERS Task Force. Indirect airway challenges. Eur Respir J 21 6 (2003) 1050-1068
2. Peat J.K., Toelle B.G., Marks G.B., et al. Continuing the debate about measuring asthma in population studies. Thorax 56 (2001) 406-411
3. Woolcock A.J., Peat J.K., Salome C.M., et al. Prevalence of bronchial hyperresponsiveness and asthma in a rural adult population. Thorax 42 5 (1987) 361-368
4. Crapo R.O., Casaburi R., Coates A.L., et al. Guidelines for methacholine and exercise challenge testing-1999. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 161 1 (2000) 309-329
5. Rijcken B., Schouten J.P., Weiss S.T., et al. Long term-variability of bronchial responsiveness to histamine in a random population sample of adults. Am Rev Respir Dis 148 (1993) 944-994
6. Cockcroft D.W., Berscheid B.A., and Murdock K.Y. Unimodal distribution of bronchial responsiveness to inhaled histamine in a random human population. Chest 83 5 (1983) 751-754
7. Busse W.W., Wanner A., Adams K., et al. Investigative bronchoprovocation and bronchoscopy in airway diseases. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 172 7 (2005) 807-816
8. Sont J.K., Willems L.N., Bel E.H., et al. Clinical control and histopathologic outcome of asthma when using airway hyperresponsiveness as an additional guide to long-term treatment. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 159 4 Pt 1 (1999) 1043-1051
9. Josephs L.K., Gregg I., Mullee M.A., et al. Nonspecific bronchial reactivity and its relationship to the clinical expression of asthma. A longitudinal study. Am Rev Respir Dis 140 (1989) 350-357
10. Weiss S.T., Van Natta M.L., and Zeiger R.S. Relationship between increased airway responsiveness and asthma severity in the childhood asthma management program. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 162 (2000) 50-56
11. Jansen D.F., Schouten J.P., Vonk J.M., et al. Smoking and airway hyperresponsiveness especially in the presence of blood eosinophilia increase the risk to develop respiratory symptoms: a 25-year follow-up study in the general adult population. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 160 (1999) 259-264
12. Carey V.J., Weiss S.T., Tager I.B., et al. Airways responsiveness, wheeze onset, and recurrent asthma episodes in young adolescents. The East Boston Childhood Respiratory Disease Cohort. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 153 1 (1996) 356-361
13. Rasmussen F., Taylor D.R., Flannery E.M., et al. Risk factors for airway remodeling in asthma manifested by a low postbronchodilator FEV1/vital capacity ratio: a longitudinal population study from childhood to adulthood. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 165 11 (2002) 1480-1488
14. Hopp R.J., Bewtra A.K., Biven R., et al. Bronchial reactivity pattern in nonasthmatic parents of asthmatics. Ann Allergy 61 3 (1988) 184-186
15. Clarke J.R., Jenkins M.A., Hopper J.L., et al. Evidence for genetic associations between asthma, atopy, and bronchial hyperresponsiveness: a study of 8- to 18-yr-old twins. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 162 6 (2000) 2188-2193
16. Postma D.S., Bleecker E.R., Amelung P.J., et al. Genetic susceptibility to asthma-bronchial hyperresponsiveness coinherited with a major gene for atopy. N Engl J Med 333 14 (1995) 894-900
17. Ruffilli A., and Bonini S. Susceptibility genes for allergy and asthma. Allergy 52 3 (1997) 256-273
18. Marsh D.G., Neely J.D., Breazeale D.R., et al. Linkage analysis of IL4 and other chromosome 5q31.1 markers and total serum immunoglobulin E concentration. Science 264 5162 (1994) 1152-1156
19. Meyers D.A., Postma D.S., Stine O.C., et al. Genome screen for asthma and bronchial hyperresponsiveness: interactions with passive smoke exposure. J Allergy Clin Immunol 115 6 (2005) 1169-1175
20. Colilla S., Nicolae D., Pluzhnikov A., et al. Collaborative Study for the Genetics of Asthma. Evidence for gene-environment interactions in a linkage study of asthma and smoking exposure. J Allergy Clin Immunol 111 4 (2003) 840-846
21. O'byrne P.M., and Inman M.D. Airway hyperresponsiveness. Chest 123 (2003) 411S-416S
22. Cartier A., Thomson N.C., Frith P.A., et al. Allergen-induced increase in bronchial responsiveness to histamine: relationship to the late asthmatic response and change in airway caliber. J Allergy Clin Immunol 70 3 (1982) 170-177
23. De Monchy J.G., Kauffman H.F., Venge P., et al. Bronchoalveolar eosinophilia during allergen-induced late asthmatic reactions. Am Rev Respir Dis 131 3 (1985) 373-376
24. Pin I., Freitag A.P., O'Byrne P.M., et al. Changes in the cellular profile of induced sputum after allergen-induced asthmatic responses. Am Rev Respir Dis 145 6 (1992) 1265-1269
25. Metzger W.J., Richerson H.B., Worden K., et al. Bronchoalveolar lavage of allergic asthmatic patients following allergen bronchoprovocation. Chest 89 4 (1986) 477-483
26. O'Byrne P.M., Walters E.H., Gold B.D., et al. Neutrophil depletion inhibits airway hyperresponsiveness induced by ozone exposure. Am Rev Respir Dis 130 2 (1984) 214-219
27. Empey D.W., Laitinen L.A., Jacobs L., et al. Mechanisms of bronchial hyperreactivity in normal subjects after upper respiratory tract infection. Am Rev Respir Dis 113 2 (1976) 131-139
28. Laitinen L.A., Elkin R.B., Empey D.W., et al. Bronchial hyperresponsiveness in normal subjects during attenuated influenza virus infection. Am Rev Respir Dis 143 2 (1991) 358-361
29. Mapp C., Boschetto P., dal Vecchio L., et al. Protective effect of antiasthma drugs on late asthmatic reactions and increased airway responsiveness induced by toluene diisocyanate in sensitized subjects. Am Rev Respir Dis 136 6 (1987) 1403-1407
30. Fabbri L.M., Boschetto P., Zocca E., et al. Bronchoalveolar neutrophilia during late asthmatic reactions induced by toluene diisocyanate. Am Rev Respir Dis 136 1 (1987) 36-42
31. Jeffery P.K., Wardlaw A.J., Nelson F.C., et al. Bronchial biopsies in asthma. An ultrastructural, quantitative study and correlation with hyperreactivity. Am Rev Respir Dis 140 6 (1989) 1745-1753
32. Boulet L.P., Laviolette M., Turcotte H., et al. Bronchial subepithelial fibrosis correlates with airway responsiveness to methacholine. Chest 112 1 (1997) 45-52
33. Ward C., Pais M., Bish R., et al. Airway inflammation, basement membrane thickening and bronchial hyperresponsiveness in asthma. Thorax 57 4 (2002) 309-316
34. Elwood W., Barnes P.J., and Chung K.F. Airway hyperresponsiveness is associated with inflammatory cell infiltration in allergic brown-Norway rats. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 99 1 (1992) 91-97
35. Elwood W., Lötvall J.O., Barnes P.J., et al. Characterization of allergen-induced bronchial hyperresponsiveness and airway inflammation in actively sensitized brown-Norway rats. J Allergy Clin Immunol 88 6 (1991) 951-960
36. Boulet L.P., Cartier A., Thomson N.C., et al. Asthma and increases in nonallergic bronchial responsiveness from seasonal pollen exposure. J Allergy Clin Immunol 71 4 (1983) 399-406
37. Palmqvist M., Pettersson K., Sjöstrand M., et al. Mild experimental exacerbation of asthma induced by individualised low-dose repeated allergen exposure. A double-blind evaluation. Respir Med 92 10 (1998) 1223-1230
38. Hessel E.M., Van Oosterhout A.J., Van Ark I., et al. Development of airway hyperresponsiveness is dependent on interferon-gamma and independent of eosinophil infiltration. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 16 3 (1997) 325-334
39. Wilder J.A., Collie D.D., Wilson B.S., et al. Dissociation of airway hyperresponsiveness from immunoglobulin E and airway eosinophilia in a murine model of allergic asthma. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 20 6 (1999) 1326-1334
40. De Sanctis G.T., Itoh A., Green F.H., et al. T-lymphocytes regulate genetically determined airway hyperresponsiveness in mice. Nat Med 3 4 (1997) 460-462
41. Gavett S.H., Chen X., Finkelman F., et al. Depletion of murine CD4+ T lymphocytes prevents antigen-induced airway hyperreactivity and pulmonary eosinophilia. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 10 6 (1994) 587-593
42. Krinzman S.J., De Sanctis G.T., Cernadas M., et al. Inhibition of T cell costimulation abrogates airway hyperresponsiveness in a murine model. J Clin Invest 98 12 (1996) 2693-2699
43. Kamachi A., Nasuhara Y., Nishimura M., et al. Dissociation between airway responsiveness to methacholine and responsiveness to antigen. Eur Respir J 19 1 (2002) 76-83
44. Ferguson A.C., and Wong F.W. Bronchial hyperresponsiveness in asthmatic children. Correlation with macrophages and eosinophils in broncholavage fluid. Chest 96 (1989) 988-991
45. Gibson P.G., Saltos N., and Borgas T. Airway mast cells and eosinophils correlate with clinical severity and airway hyperresponsiveness in corticosteroid-treated asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 105 4 (2000) 752-759
46. Kelly C., Ward C., Stenton C.S., et al. Number and activity of inflammatory cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in asthma and their relation to airway responsiveness. Thorax 43 (1988) 684-692
47. Heaton T., Rowe J., Turner S., et al. An immunoepidemiological approach to asthma: identification of in-vitro T-cell response patterns associated with different wheezing phenotypes in children. Lancet 365 9454 (2005) 142-149
48. Kirby J.G., Hargreave F.E., Gleich G.J., et al. Bronchoalveolar cell profiles of asthmatic and nonasthmatic subjects. Am Rev Respir Dis 136 2 (1987) 379-383
49. Wardlaw A.J., Dunnette S., Gleich G.J., et al. Eosinophils and mast cells in bronchoalveolar lavage in subjects with mild asthma. Relationship to bronchial hyperreactivity. Am Rev Respir Dis 137 1 (1988) 62-69
50. Pliss L.B., Ingenito E.P., and Ingram Jr. R.H. Responsiveness, inflammation, and effects of deep breaths on obstruction in mild asthma. J Appl Physiol 66 5 (1989) 2298-2304
51. Woolley K.L., Adelroth E., Woolley M.J., et al. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, eosinophils and eosinophil cationic protein in subjects with and without mild, stable, atopic asthma. Eur Respir J 7 9 (1994) 1576-1584
52. Bradley B.L., Azzawi M., Jacobson M., et al. Eosinophils, T-lymphocytes, mast cells, neutrophils, and macrophages in bronchial biopsy specimens from atopic subjects with asthma: comparison with biopsy specimens from atopic subjects without asthma and normal control subjects and relationship to bronchial hyperresponsiveness. J Allergy Clin Immunol 88 4 (1991) 661-674
53. Chetta A., Foresi A., Del Donno M., et al. Bronchial responsiveness to distilled water and methacholine and its relationship to inflammation and remodeling of the airways in asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 153 (1996) 910-917
54. Pin I., Radford S., Kolendowicz R., et al. Airway inflammation in symptomatic and asymptomatic children with methacholine hyperresponsiveness. Eur Respir J 6 9 (1993) 1249-1256
55. Pizzichini E., Pizzichini M.M., Efthimiadis A., et al. Indices of airway inflammation in induced sputum: reproducibility and validity of cell and fluid-phase measurements. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 154 2 Pt 1 (1996) 308-317
56. Foresi A., Leone C., Pelucchi A., et al. Eosinophils, mast cells, and basophils in induced sputum from patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis and perennial asthma: relationship to methacholine responsiveness. J Allergy Clin Immunol 100 1 (1997) 58-64
57. Jansen D.F., Rijcken B., Schouten J.P., et al. The relationship of skin test positivity, high serum total IgE levels, and peripheral blood eosinophilia to symptomatic and asymptomatic airway hyperresponsiveness. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 159 3 (1999) 924-931
58. Jatakanon A., Lim S., Kharitonov S.A., et al. Correlation between exhaled nitric oxide, sputum eosinophils, and methacholine responsiveness in patients with mild asthma. Thorax 53 2 (1998) 91-95
59. Reid D.W., Johns D.P., Feltis B., et al. Exhaled nitric oxide continues to reflect airway hyperresponsiveness and disease activity in inhaled corticosteroid-treated adult asthmatic patients. Respirology 8 4 (2003) 479-486
60. Chan-Yeung M., Leriche J., Maclean L., et al. Comparison of cellular and protein changes in bronchial lavage fluid of symptomatic and asymptomatic patients with red cedar asthma on follow-up examination. Clin Allergy 18 4 (1988) 359-365
61. Djukanović R., Wilson J.W., Britten K.M., et al. Quantitation of mast cells and eosinophils in the bronchial mucosa of symptomatic atopic asthmatics and healthy control subjects using immunohistochemistry. Am Rev Respir Dis 142 4 (1990) 863-871
62. Adelroth E., Rosenhall L., Johansson S.A., et al. Inflammatory cells and eosinophilic activity in asthmatics investigated by bronchoalveolar lavage. The effects of antiasthmatic treatment with budesonide or terbutaline. Am Rev Respir Dis 142 1 (1990) 91-99
63. Ollerenshaw S.L., and Woolcock A.J. Characteristics of the inflammation in biopsies from large airways of subjects with asthma and subjects with chronic airflow limitation. Am Rev Respir Dis 145 4 Pt 1 (1992) 922-927
64. Iredale M.J., Wanklyn S.A., Phillips I.P., et al. Non-invasive assessment of bronchial inflammation in asthma: no correlation between eosinophilia of induced sputum and bronchial responsiveness to inhaled hypertonic saline. Clin Exp Allergy 24 10 (1994) 940-945
65. Crimi E., Spanevello A., Neri M., et al. Dissociation between airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness in allergic asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 157 1 (1998) 4-9
66. Oddera S., Silvestri M., Penna R., et al. Airway eosinophilic inflammation and bronchial hyperresponsiveness after allergen inhalation challenge in asthma. Lung 176 4 (1998) 237-247
67. Meijer R.J., Kerstjens H.A., Arends L.R., et al. Effects of inhaled fluticasone and oral prednisolone on clinical and inflammatory parameters in patients with asthma. Thorax 54 10 (1999) 894-899
68. Nielsen K.G., and Bisgaard H. The effect of inhaled budesonide on symptoms, lung function, and cold air and methacholine responsiveness in 2- to 5-year-old asthmatic children. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 162 4 Pt 1 (2000) 1500-1506
69. van den Berge M., Kerstjens H.A., Meijer R.J., et al. Corticosteroid-induced improvement in the PC20 of adenosine monophosphate is more closely associated with reduction in airway inflammation than improvement in the PC20 of methacholine. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 164 7 (2001) 1127-1132
70. The Childhood Asthma Management Program Research Group. Long-term effects of budesonide or nedocromil in children with asthma. N Engl J Med 343 15 (2000) 1054-1063
71. Juniper E.F., Kline P.A., Vanzieleghem M.A., et al. Effect of long-term treatment with an inhaled corticosteroid (budesonide) on airway hyperresponsiveness and clinical asthma in nonsteroid-dependent asthmatics. Am Rev Respir Dis 142 (1990) 832-836
72. Kerrebijn K.F., van Essen-Zandvliet E.E., and Neijens H.J. Effect of long-term treatment with inhaled corticosteroids and beta-agonists on the bronchial responsiveness in children with asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 79 (1987) 653-659
73. Bisgaard H., and Nielsen K.G. Bronchoprotection with a leukotriene receptor antagonist in asthmatic preschool children. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 162 1 (2000) 187-190
74. Leff J.A., Busse W.W., Pearlman D., et al. Montelukast, a leukotriene-receptor antagonist, for the treatment of mild asthma and exercise-induced bronchoconstriction. N Engl J Med 339 3 (1998) 147-152
75. Leff J.A. Leukotriene modifiers as novel therapeutics in asthma. Clin Exp Allergy 28 Suppl 5 (1998) 147-153
76. Fischer A.R., McFadden C.A., Frantz R., et al. Effect of chronic 5-lipoxygenase inhibition on airway hyperresponsiveness in asthmatic subjects. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 152 (1995) 1203-1207
77. Benckhuijsen J., van den Bos J.W., van Velzen E., et al. Differences in the effect of allergen avoidance on bronchial hyperresponsiveness as measured by methacholine, adenosine 5'-monophosphate, and exercise in asthmatic children. Pediatr Pulmonol 22 3 (1996) 147-153
78. van Velzen E., van den Bos J.W., Benckhuijsen J.A., et al. Effect of allergen avoidance at high altitude on direct and indirect bronchial hyperresponsiveness and markers of inflammation in children with allergic asthma. Thorax 51 6 (1996) 582-584
79. Leckie M.J., ten Brinke A., Khan J., et al. Effects of an interleukin-5 blocking monoclonal antibody on eosinophils, airway hyperresponsiveness, and the late asthmatic response. Lancet 356 9248 (2000) 2144-2148
80. Djukanović R., Wilson S.J., Kraft M., et al. Effects of treatment with anti-immunoglobulin E antibody omalizumab on airway inflammation in allergic asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 170 6 (2004) 583-593
81. Juniper E.F., Frith P.A., Dunnett C., et al. Reproducibility and comparison of responses to inhaled histamine and methacholine. Thorax 33 (1978) 705-710
82. Anderton R.C., Cuff M.T., Frith P.A., et al. Bronchial responsiveness to inhaled histamine and exercise. J Allergy Clin Immunol 63 (1979) 315-320
83. Holzer K., Anderson S.D., and Douglass J. Exercise in elite summer athletes: challenges for diagnosis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 110 (2002) 374-380
84. Riedler J., Reade T., Dalton M., et al. Hypertonic saline challenge in an epidemiologic survey of asthma in children. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 150 (1994) 1632-1639
85. O'Connor B.J., Ridge S.M., Barnes P.J., et al. Greater effect of inhaled budesonide on adenosine 5'-monophosphate-induced than on sodium-metabisulfite-induced bronchoconstriction in asthma. Am Rev Respir Dis 146 (1992) 560-564
86. Doull I.J., Sandall D., Smith S., et al. Differential inhibitory effect of regular inhaled corticosteroid on airway responsiveness to adenosine 5' monophosphate, methacholine, and bradykinin in symptomatic children with recurrent wheeze. Pediatr Pulmonol 23 (1997) 404-411
87. Weersink E.J., Douma R.R., Postma D.S., et al. Fluticasone propionate, salmeterol xinafoate, and their combination in the treatment of nocturnal asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 155 (1997) 1241-1246
88. Reynolds C.J., Togias A., and Proud D. Airways hyperresponsiveness to bradykinin and methacholine: effects of inhaled fluticasone. Clin Exp Allergy 32 (2002) 1174-1179
89. Church M.K., Holgate S.T., and Hughes P.J. Adenosine inhibits and potentiates IgE-dependent histamine release from human basophils by an A2-receptor mediated mechanism. Br J Pharmacol 80 (1983) 719-726
90. Hughes P.J., Holgate S.T., and Church M.K. Adenosine inhibits and potentiates IgE-dependent histamine release from human lung mast cells by an A2-purinoceptor mediated mechanism. Biochem Pharmacol 33 (1984) 3847-3852
91. Peachell P.T., Columbo M., Kagey-Sobotka A., et al. Adenosine potentiates mediator release from human lung mast cells. Am Rev Respir Dis 138 (1988) 1143-1151
92. Forsythe P., McGarvey L.P., Heaney L.G., et al. Adenosine induces histamine release from human bronchoalveolar lavage mast cells. Clin Sci 96 (1999) 349-355
93. Koskela H.O., Hyvärinen L., Brannan J.D., et al. Sensitivity and validity of three bronchial provocation tests to demonstrate the effect of inhaled corticosteroids in asthma. Chest 124 (2003) 1341-1349
94. Fuller R.W., Choudry N.B., and Eriksson G. Action of budesonide on asthmatic bronchial hyperresponsiveness: effects on directly and indirectly acting bronchoconstrictors. Chest 100 (1991) 670-674
95. Vathenen A.S., Knox A.J., Wisniewski A., et al. Effect of inhaled budesonide on bronchial reactivity to histamine, exercise, and eucapnic dry air in patients with asthma. Thorax 46 (1991) 811-816
96. Rodwell L.T., Anderson S.D., and Seale J.P. Inhaled steroids modify bronchial responses to hyperosmolar saline. Eur Respir J 5 (1992) 953-962
97. du Toit J.I., Anderson S.D., Jenkins C.R., et al. Airway responsiveness in asthma: bronchial challenge with histamine and 4.5% sodium chloride before and after budesonide. Allergy Asthma Proc 18 (1997) 7-14