Biological Flora of the British Isles: Juniperus communis L.

Journal of Ecology

Volumn 95, Issue 6, 2007, Pages 1404-1440

  Thomas, P A ^a   El Barghathi, M ^b   Polwart, A ^c  

^a KEELE UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF BENGHAZI   (Libyan Arab Jamahiriya)

^c NONE

Author keywords

Climatic limitation; Communities; Conservation; Ecophysiology; Geographical and altitudinal distribution; Germination; Herbivory; Mycorrhiza; Parasites and diseases; Reproductive biology; Soils

Indexed keywords

DECIDUOUS TREE; ECOPHYSIOLOGY; FLORA; GERMINATION; GYMNOSPERM; HERBIVORY; PLANT COMMUNITY; REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY; SPECIES CONSERVATION;

EURASIA; EUROPE; UNITED KINGDOM; WESTERN EUROPE;

GYMNOSPERMAE; JUNIPERUS; JUNIPERUS COMMUNIS; MAMMALIA;

EID: 35448943615     PISSN: 00220477     EISSN: 13652745     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2745.2007.01308.x     Document Type: Review

References (320)

1. Adams, R.P. (1998) The leaf essential oils and chemotaxonomy of Juniperus sect. Juniperus. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 26, 637 645.
2. Adams, R.P. (2004) Junipers of the World: The Genus Juniperus. Trafford Publishing Co, Vancouver, Canada.
3. Adams, R.P. Demeke, T. (1993) Systematic relationships in Juniperus based on random amplified polymorphic DNAs (RAPDs). Taxon, 42, 553 572.
4. Adams, R.P., Hsieh, C.-F., Murata, J. Pandey, R.N. (2002) Systematics of Juniperus from eastern Asia based on random amplified polymorphic DNAs (RAPDs). Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 30, 231 241.
5. Adams, R.P. Pandey, R.N. (2003) Analysis of Juniperus communis and its varieties based on DNA fingerprinting. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 31, 1271 1278.
6. Adams, R.P., Pandey, R.N., Leverenz, J.W., Dignard, N., Hoegh, K. Thorfinnsson, T. (2003) Pan-Arctic variation in Juniperus communis: historical biogeography based on DNA fingerprinting. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 31, 181 192.
7. Agassiz, D.J.L. (1978) Gelechia sabinella (Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), a species new to Britain. Entomologist's Gazette, 29, 136 138.
8. Agassiz, D.J.L. (1989) Gelechia senticetella (Staudinger) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) new to the British Isles. Entomologist's Gazette, 40, 189 192.
9. Allen, A.A. (1984) Cyphostethus tristriatus F. (Hem. Acanthosomatidae) on Cypress in E. Surrey. Entomologist's Record, 96, 187.
10. Anderson, T. (2004) The treatment of the feet in Anglo-Saxon England. Foot, 14, 38 41.
11. Andrew, R. (1984) A Practical Pollen Guide to the British Flora. Technical Guide 1. Quaternary Research Association, Cambridge, UK.
12. Angioni, A., Barra, A., Russo, M.T., Coroneo, V., Dessi, S. Cabras, P. (2003) Chemical composition of the essential oils of Juniperus from ripe and unripe berries and leaves and their antimicrobial activity. Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry, 7, 3073 3078.
13. Aragón, G. Martínez, I. (1999) Contribución al conocimiento de los líquenes epifíticos de la sierra de Alcaraz (Albecete, España). Cryptogamie Mycologie, 20, 57 70.
14. Askew, R.R. Godfray, H.C.J. (1987) Dicladocerus euryalus (Haliday) (Hymenoptera: Eulphidae): synonymy and biology. Entomologist's Gazette, 38, 203 204.
15. Atanasova, L.Y., Pissarska, M.G., Popov, G.S. Georgiev, G.I. (2004) Growth and endogenous cytokinins of juniper shoots as affected by high metal concentrations. Biologia Plantarum, 48, 157 159.
16. Austad, I. Hauge, L. (1990) Juniper fields in Sogn, Western Norway, a man-made vegetation type. Nordic Journal of Botany, 9, 665 683.
17. Banks, J. (2001) Factors affecting the regeneration of common juniper, Juniperus communis. MSc Dissertation. University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
18. Barkman, J.J. (1985) Geographical variation in associations of juniper scrub in the central European plain. Vegetatio, 59, 67 71.
19. Barnes, J. (2003) Pregnancy. (6) Complementary therapies in pregnancy. Pharmaceutical Journal, 270, 402 404.
20. Belomesyatseva, D.B. (2002) The fungi in the consortium of common juniper in Belarus. Mycena, 2, 4 16.
21. Belomesyatseva, D.B. (2004) World survey of juniper-associated fungi. Mycena, 4, 1 127.
22. Bennett, K.D., Boreham, S., Sharp, M.J. Switsur, V.R. (1992) Holocene history of environment, vegetation and human settlement on Catta Ness, Lunnasting, Shetland. Journal of Ecology, 80, 241 273.
23. Berta, F. (1993) Occurrence and composition of essential oils in species of the genus Juniperus. Folia Dendrologica, 20, 301-312.
24. Bilkó, Á., Altbäcker, V. Hudson, R. (1994) Food preference transmission in the rabbit: the means of information transfer. Physiology and Behaviour, 56, 907 912.
25. Birks, H.J.B. (1973) Past and Present Vegetation of the Isle of Skye: A Palaeoecology Study. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
26. Birks, H.J.B. (1977) The Flandrian forest history of Scotland: a preliminary synthesis. British Quaternary Studies: Recent Advances (ed. by F.W. Shotton pp. 119 135. Clarendon Press, Oxford, UK.
27. Birks, H.J.B. Williams, W. (1983) Late-Quaternary vegetational history of the Inner Hebrides. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, 83B, 269 292.
28. Błaszkowski, J., Madej, T. Tadych, M. (1998) Entrophospora baltica sp. nov. and Glomus fuegianum, two species in the Glomales from Poland. Mycotaxon, 68, 165 184.
29. Bonet, M.À. Vallès, J. (2007) Ethnobotany of Montseny biosphere reserve (Catalonia, Iberian Peninsula): plants used in veterinary medicine. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 110, 130 147.
30. Boratyński, A. (1985) Protected and deserving protection trees and shrubs of the Polish Sudety Mts. with their prealps. 1. Juniperus communis L. s.1. Arboretum Kórnickie, 30, 111 126.
31. Borders Forest Trust (1997) Common juniper (Juniperus communis L.): a review of its biology and status in the Scottish Borders. Borders Forest Trust Occasional Paper No. 1. Ancrum, Roxburghshire.
32. Bradley, J.V., Tremewan, W.G. Smith, A. (1973) British Tortricoid Moths. Ray Society, London.
33. Bradshaw, R. Mitchell, F.J.G. (1999) The palaeoecological approach to reconstructing former grazing-vegetation interactions. Forest Ecology and Management, 120, 3 12.
34. Bristow, H.M. (1981) Factors associated with the decline of Juniperus communis in southern Britain. Mphil. Thesis. University of Sussex, UK.
35. Broome, A.C. (2003) Growing juniper; propagation and establishment practices. Information Note No. 50, Forest Commission, Edinburgh.
36. Brzezinska, E., Kozlowska, M. Stachowiak, J. (2005) Effect of elevated UV-B radiation on photosynthetic activity in selected coniferous species. Biology Letters, 42, 206 207.
37. Burny, J. (1985) Het vroeger en huidig voorkomen van de Jeneverbes, Juniperus communis L. op de Hoge Kemped (Provincie Limburg, België). Wielewaal, 51, 10 30.
38. Butkiene, R., Nivinskiene, O. Mockute, D. (2006) Differences in the essential oils of the leaves (needles), unripe and ripe berries of Juniperus communis L. growing wild in Vilnius District (Lithuania). Journal of Essential Oil Research, 18, 489 494.
39. Buttershøn, J. Buttershøn, R.M. (1985) Grazing experiments with cattle and sheep on nutrient poor, acidic grassland and heath. IV. Establishment of woody species. Natura Jutlandica, 21, 117 140.
40. Carter, C.I. Danielsson, R. (1993) New and additional records of gall-forming aphids of the family Pemphigidae in Britain. Entomologist, 112, 99 104.
41. Cavaleiro, C., Pinto, E., Gonçalves, M.J. Salgueiro, L. (2006) Antifungal activity of Juniperus essential oils against dermatophyte, Aspergillus and Candida strains. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 100, 1333 1338.
42. Č eburnis, D. Steinnes, E. (2000) Conifer needles as biomonitors of atmospheric heavy metal deposition: comparison with mosses and precipitation, role of the canopy. Atmospheric Environment, 34, 4265 4271.
43. 2 extraction of the volatile constituents from Juniperus communis obtained under different treatments of the 'berries' (cones). Planta Medica, 68, 827 831.
44. Chatzopoulou, P.S. Katsiotis, S.T. (1993) Study of the essential oil from Juniperus communis 'berries' (cones) growing wild in Greece. Planta Medica, 59, 554 556.
45. Christensen, K.I. (1985) Juniperus communis ssp. alpina (Smith) Čelakovský (Cupressaceae) - a nomenclatural comment. Taxon, 34, 686 688.
46. Clifton, S.J., Ranner, D.S. Ward, L.K. (1995) The conservation of juniper in Northumbria. English Nature Research Report, No. 152. English Nature, Peterborough, UK.
47. Clifton, S.J., Ward, L.K. Ranner, D.S. (1997) The status of juniper Juniperus communis L. in north-east England. Biological Conservation, 79, 67 77.
48. Cummins, R.P. Miller, G.R. (1982) Damage by red deer (Cervus elaphus) enclosed in planted woodland. Scottish Forestry, 36, 1 8.
49. Czeczuga, B. (1986) Carotenoids in gymnosperms. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 14, 13 15.
50. Czeczuga, B. (1987) Different rhodoxanthin contents in the leaves of gymnosperms grown under various light intensities. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 15, 531 533.
51. Dallimore, W. Jackson, A.B. (1966) A Handbook of Coniferae and Ginkgoaceae, 4th edn. Arnold, London, UK.
52. Damjanovic, B., Skala, D., Baras, J. Petrovic-Djakov, D. (2006) Isolation of essential oil and supercritical carbon dioxide extract of Juniperus communis L. fruits from Montenegro. Flavour and Fragrance Journal, 21, 875 880.
53. Danielsson, R. Carter, C. (1992) Cinara smolandiae sp. n. from Juniperus communis in Sweden and a key to the species in the subgenus Cupressobium Börner (Homoptera: Aphidoidea: Lachnidae). Entomologica Scandinavica, 23, 475 479.
54. Darling, F.F. Boyd, J.M. (1969) Natural History in the Highlands and Islands, 2nd edn. Collins, London.
55. Dearnley, T.C. Duckett, J.G. (1999) Juniper in the Lake District National Park. A review of condition and regeneration. Watsonia, 22, 261 267.
56. Decker, S.R., Pekins, P.J. Mautz, W.W. (1991) Nutritional evaluation of winter foods of wild turkeys. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 69, 2128 2132.
57. Department for Environment, Food Rural Affairs (undated) European Community Directive 92/43/EEC on the Conservation of Natural Habitats and of Wild Fauna and Flora. First report by the United Kingdom under Article 17 on implementation of the Directive from June 1994 to December 2000. Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, Bristol.
58. Diotte, M. Bergeron, Y. (1989) Fire and the distribution of Juniperus communis L. in the boreal forest of Quebec, Canada. Journal of Biogeography, 16, 91 96.
59. Distelbarth, H., Kull, U. Jeremias, K. (1984) Seasonal trends in energy contents of storage substances in evergreen gymnosperms growing under mild climatic conditions in Central Europe. Flora, 175, 15 30.
60. Dodd, R.S. Poveda, M.M. (2003) Environmental gradients and population divergence contribute to variation in cuticular wax composition in Juniperus communis. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 31, 1257 1270.
61. Dominik, T. (1951) Badanie mykotrofizmu roślinności wydm nadmorskich i śródla̧dowych. [Research on the mycotropism of plant associations of coastal and inland dunes]. Acta Societas Botanicorum Poloniae, 21, 125 164.
62. Durno, S.E. McVean, D.N. (1959) Forestry history of the Beinn Eighe Nature Reserve. New Phytologist, 58, 228 236.
63. Edland, T. Evans, G.O. (1998) The genus Typhlodromus (Acari: Mesostigmata) in Norway. European Journal of Entomology, 95, 275 295.
64. Elwes, J.H. Henry, A. (1906) The Trees of Great Britain and Ireland. Privately printed, Edinburgh, UK.
65. Emmet, A.M. (1982) Argyresthia Studinger 1871 (Lep. Yponomeutidae) in Britain. Entomologist's Record, 94, 180 182.
66. Faliński, J.B. (1980a) Changes in the sex- and age-ratio in populations of pioneer dioecious woody species (Juniperus, Populus, Salix) in connection with the course of vegetation succession in abandoned farmlands. Ekologia Polska, 28, 327 365.
67. Faliński, J.B. (1980b) Vegetation dynamics and sex structure of the populations of pioneer dioecious plants. Vegetatio, 43, 23 38.
68. Faliński, J.B. (1998) Dioecious woody pioneer species (Juniperus communis, Populus tremula, Salix sp. div.) in the secondary succession and regeneration. Phytocoensis, Vol. 10 (N.S. Supplementum Cartographiae Geobotanicae 8, Warszawa - Białowieza.
69. Farjon, A. (1998) World Checklist and Bibliography of Conifers. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, UK.
70. Ferreira, R.E.C. Wormell, P. (1971) Fertiliser response of vegetation on ultrabasic terraces of Rhum. Transactions of the Botanical Society of Edinburgh, 41, 149 154.
71. Filipowicz, N., Kamiński, M., Kurlenda, J., Asztemborska, M. Ochocka, J.R. (2003) Antibacterial and antifungal activity of juniper berry oil and its selected components. Phytotherapy Research, 17, 227 231.
72. Filipowicz, N., Piotrowski, A., Ochocka, J.R. Asztemborska, M. (2006) The phytochemical and genetic survey of common and dwarf juniper (Juniperus communis and Juniperus nana) identifies chemical races and close taxonomic identity of the species. Planta Medica, 72, 850 853.
73. Fitter, A.H. Jennings, R.D. (1975) The effects of sheep grazing on the growth and survival of seedling junipers (Juniperus communis L.). Journal of Applied Ecology, 12, 637 642.
74. Forbes, A.R.D. Proctor, J. (1986) The Glen Artney juniper wood. Transactions of the Botanical Society of Edinburgh, 45, 63 72.
75. Frankard, P. (2004) Evolution de la population de Juniperus communis L. dans la réserve naturelle domaniale de la genévrière de Cour pendant ces vingt dernières et impact des mesures de gestion appliquées. Parcs et Réserves, 59, 32 37.
76. Friedrich, H. Engelshowe, R. (1978) Tannin producing monomeric substances in Juniperus communis L. Planta Medica, 33, 251 257.
77. Frutos, P., Hervás, G., Ramos, G., Giráldez, F.J. Mantecón, A.R. (2002) Condensed tannin content of several shrub species from a mountain area in northern Spain, and its relationship to various indicators of nutritive value. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 95, 215 226.
78. García, D. (1997) Efecto de las plagas en la interacción mutualista entre plantas y aves dispersantes: el caso del enebro Juniperus communis L. en Sierra Nevada. Ms Dissertation, University of Granada, Spain.
79. García, D. (1998a) Interaction between juniper Juniperus communis L. and its fruit insect pests: pest abundance, fruit characteristics and seed viability. Acta Oecologica, 19, 517 525.
80. García, D. (1998b) Regeneración natural del enebro Juniperus communis L. en áreas de alta montaña mediterránea: conectando la ecología reproductiva con el reclutamiento poblacional. PhD Thesis, University of Granada, Spain.
81. García, D. (2001) Effects of seed dispersal on Juniperus communis recruitment on a Mediterranean mountain. Journal of Vegetation Science, 12, 839 848.
82. García, D., Gómez, J.M., Zamora, R. Hódar, J.A. (2000a) Do empty Juniperus communis seeds defend filled seeds against predation by Apodemus sylvaticus? Ecoscience, 7, 214 221.
83. García, D. Ortiz-Pulido, R. (2004) Patterns of resource tracking by avian frugivores at multiple spatial scales: two case studies on discordance among scales. Ecography, 27, 187 196.
84. García, D. Zamora, R. (2003) Persistence, multiple demographic strategies and conservation in long-lived Mediterranean plants. Journal of Vegetation Science, 14, 921 926.
85. García, D., Zamora, R., Gómez, J.M. Hódar, J.A. (1999a) Bird rejection of unhealthy fruits reinforces the mutualism between juniper and its avian dispersers. Oikos, 84, 536 544.
86. García, D., Zamora, R., Gómez, J.M. Hódar, J.A. (2001) Frugivory at Juniperus communis depends more on population characteristics than on individual attributes. Journal of Ecology, 89, 639 647.
87. García, D., Zamora, R., Gómez, J.M. Hódar, J.A. (2002) Annual variability in reproduction of Juniperus communis L. in a Mediterranean mountain: relationship to seed predation and weather. Ecoscience, 9, 251 255.
88. García, D., Zamora, R., Gómez, J.M., Jordano, P. Hódar, J.A. (2000b) Geographical variation in seed production, predation and abortion in Juniperus communis throughout its range in Europe. Journal of Ecology, 88, 436 446.
89. García, D., Zamora, R., Hódar, J.A. Gómez, J.M. (1999b) Age structure of Juniperus communis L. in the Iberian Peninsula: conservation of remnant populations in Mediterranean mountains. Biological Conservation, 87, 215 220.
90. Gardner, D.R., Panter, K.E., James, L.F. Stegelmeier, B.L. (1998) Abortifacient effects of lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) and common juniper (Juniperus communis) on cattle. Veterinary and Human Toxicology, 40, 260 263.
91. Gear, A.J. Huntley, B. (1991) Rapid changes in the range limits of Scots pine 4000 years ago. Science, 251, 544 547.
92. Gerasimidis, A., Panajiotidis, S., Hicks, S. Athanasiadis, N. (2006) An eight-year record of pollen deposition in the Pieria mountains (N. Greece) and its significance for interpreting fossil pollen assemblages. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 141, 231 243.
93. Gilbert, O.L. (1980) Juniper in Upper Teesdale. Journal of Ecology, 68, 1013 1024.
94. Gillings, S. Fuller, R.J. (1998) The breeding bird community of upland juniper scrub in eastern Scotland. Scottish Birds, 19, 231 238.
95. Glenz, C., Schlaepfer, R., Iorgulescu, I. Kienast, F. (2006) Flooding tolerance of Central European tree and shrub species. Forest Ecology and Management, 235, 1 13.
96. 13C-NMR. Flavour and Fragrance Journal, 21, 99 106.
97. González-Sampériz, P. Utrilla, L.M.P. (2003) Pollen in hyena coprolites from Gabasa Cave (northern Spain). Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 126, 7 15.
98. Götz, V. (1979) Pflege von Wacholderheiden auf der Münsinger Aib. Mitt. Ver. Först. Standortsk. Forstpflanzenzüch., German Federal Republic, 27, 49 54.
99. Gross, K.A. Ezerietis, E. (2003) Juniper wood as a possible implant material. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research, 64A, 672 683.
100. Grubb, P.J., Kollmann, J. Lee, W.G. (1999) A garden experiment on susceptibility to rabbit-grazing, sapling growth rates, and age at first reproduction for eleven European woody species. Plant Biology, 1, 226 234.
101. Grubb, P.J., Lee, W.G., Kollmann, J. Wilson, J.B. (1996) Interaction of irradiance and soil nutrient supply on growth of seedlings of ten European tall-shrub species and Fagus sylvatica. Journal of Ecology, 84, 827 840.
102. 3 concentration and time of application on the growth of Juniperus communis 'Suecica' in the greenhouse and outdoors. Gartenbauwissenschaft, 55, 272 275.
103. Guerra Hernández, E.J., López Martínez, M.C. García-Villanova, R. (1987) Componentes volatiles identificados por cromatografia en fase gaseosa de macerados de bayas de Junperus en etanol [Volatile components identified by gas chromatography of digestion products of Juniperus in ethanol]. Anales de Bromatologia, 39, 229 237.
104. Guerra Hernández, E.J., López Martínez, M.C. García Villanova, R. (1988) Determinación de ácidos grasos, esteroles y terpenos en bayas de Juniperus communis L. por cromatografía en fase gaseosa. Ciencia e Industria Farmacéutica, 7, 8 13.
105. Hall, M.T., Mukherjee, A. Crowley, W.R. (1973) Chromosome counts in cultivated junipers. Journal of the Arnold Arboretum, 54, 369 376.
106. Harley, J.L. Harley, E.L. (1987) A check-list of mycorrhiza in the British flora. New Phytologist, 105, 1 102.
107. Harris, K.M., Sato, S., Uechi, N. Yukawa, J. (2006) Redefinition of Oligotrophus (Diptera. Cecidomyiidae) based on morphological and molecular attributes of species from galls on Juniperus (Cupressaceae) in Britain and Japan. Entomological Science, 9, 411 421.
108. Hatcher, P.E. Winter, T.G. (1990) An annotated checklist of British conifer-feeding Macro-Lepidoptera and their food plants. Entomologist's Gazette, 41, 177 196.
109. Hawkins, R.D. (1989) Orsillus depressus Dallas (Hem., Lygaeidae) an arboreal groundbug new to Britain. Entomologist's Monthly Magazine, 125, 241 242.
110. Hester, A.J. (1995) Scrub in the Scottish uplands. Scottish Natural Heritage Review, No. 24. Scottish Natural Heritage, Edinburgh.
111. Hewson, R. (1977) Browsing by mountain hares Lepus timidus on trees and shrubs in north-east Scotland. Notes from the Mammal Society, 34, 168 171.
112. Hiermann, A., Kompek, A., Reiner, J., Auer, H. Schubert-Zsilavecz, M. (1996) Investigation of flavonoid pattern in fruits of Juniperus communis. Scientia Pharmaceutica, 64, 437 444.
113. Hill, M.O., Mountford, J.O., Roy, D.B. Bunce, R.G.H. (1999) Ellenberg's Indicator Values for British Plants. ECOFACT, Vol. 2, Techical Annex. Institute of Terrestrial Ecology, Huntingdon, UK.
114. 15N) suggest gender-linked differences in water and N use. Botanical Journal of Scotland, 48, 209 224.
115. Hiltunen, R. Laakso, I. (1995) Gas chromatographic analysis and biogenetic relationships of monoterpene enantiomers in Scots pine and juniper needle oils. Flavour and Fragrance Journal, 10, 203 210.
116. Hjältén, J. (1992) Plant sex and hare feeding preferences. Oecologia, 89, 253 256.
117. Høeg, O.A. (1981) Eineren I Norsk Natur og Tradisjon. [Juniper in Nature and Tradition in Norway]. Norsk Skogbruksmueums Særpublikasjon Nr. 5. Norsk Skjogbruksmuseum Skogbruk, Jakt og Fiske.
118. Hörster, H. (1974a) Variability of the oils of Juniperus communis. The composition of the oils in fruits of different age. Planta Medica, 25, 73 79.
119. Hörster, H. (1974b) Variability of the oils of Juniperus communis. The oils in plants of different populations and growth-types. Planta Medica, 26, 45 51.
120. Humphrey, J.W. (1996) Introduction of native ground flora species to a pine plantation in NE Scotland. Aspects of Applied Biology, 44, 9 16.
121. Huntley, B. Birks, H.J.B. (1979a) The past and present vegetation of the Morrone Birkwoods National Nature Reserve, Scotland: I. A primary phytosociological survey. Journal of Ecology, 67, 417 446.
122. Huntley, B. Birks, H.J.B. (1979b) The past and present vegetation of the Morrone Birkwoods National Nature Reserve, Scotland: II. Woodland vegetation and soils. Journal of Ecology, 67, 447 467.
123. Huntley, B. Birks, H.J.B. (1983) An Atlas of Past and Present Pollen Maps for Europe: 0-13000 Years Ago. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
124. Huttunen, P. (1980) Early land use, especially the slash-and-burn cultivation in the commune of Lammi, southern Finland, interpreted mainly using pollen and charcoal analyses. Acta Botanica Fennica, 113, 1 45.
125. Jaśkiewicz, B. (2000) Aphids colonising the shrubs of Juniperus communis L. and Rosa canina L. in urban conditions. Electronic Journal of Polish Agricultural Universities, Horticulture, 3 (2 article 2 (http://www.ejpau. media.pl/series/volume3/issue2/horticulture/art-02.html).
126. Jaśkiewicz, B. (2003) The occurrence of aphids and their natural enemies on juniper shrubs in the area of Lublin. Electronic Journal of Polish Agricultural Universities, Horticulture, 6 (1 article 4 (http://www.ejpau.media. pl/series/volume6/issue1/horticulture/art-04.html).
127. Jimenez-Arellanes, A., Meckes, M., Ramirez, R., Torres, J. Luna-Herrera, J. (2003) Activity against multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Mexican plants used to treat respiratory diseases. Phytotherapy Research, 17, 903 908.
128. JNCC (Joint Nature Conservation Committee 2001) UK Biodiversity Species Action Plan - Juniperus communis - Juniper. JNCC, Peterborough, UK.
129. Johnsen, T.N. Jr. Alexander, R.A. (1974) Juniperus L. Juniper. Seeds of Woody Plants in the United States (ed. by. C.S. Schomeyer). Agriculture Handbook. 450 460 469.
130. Johnston, W.R. Proctor, J. (1977) Metal concentrations in plants and soils from two British serpentine soils. Plant and Soil, 46, 275 278.
131. Jordano, P. (1993) Geographical ecology and variation of plant-seed disperser interactions: southern Spanish junipers and frugivorous thrushes. Vegetatio, 107/108, 85 104.
132. Kalapos, T. Mázsa, K. (2001) Juniper shade enables terricolous lichens and mosses to maintain high photochemical efficiency in a semiarid temperate grassland. Photosynthetica, 39, 263 268.
133. Kallio, H. Jünger-Mannermaa, K. (1989) Maritime influence on the volatile terpenes in the berries of different ecotypes of juniper (Juniperus communis L.) in Finland. Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry, 37, 1013 1016.
134. Kallio, P., Laine, U. Mäkinen, Y. (1971) Flora of Inari Lapland. 2. Pinaceae and Cupressaceae. Reports of the Kevo Subarctic Research Station, 8, 73 100.
135. Kamalak, A., Canbolat, O., Gurbuz, Y., Ozay, O., Ozkan, C.O. Sakarya, M. (2004) Chemical composition and in vitro gas production characteristics of several tannin containing tree leaves. Livestock Research for Rural Development, 16, paper 44.
136. Kennedy, C.E.J. Southwood, T.R.E. (1984) The number of species of insects associated with British trees: a re-analysis. Journal of Animal Ecology, 53, 455 478.
137. Kerr, A.J. (1968) Tynron Juniper Wood National Nature Reserve: Management and Research 1957-68. Nature Conservancy Council, unpublished report.
138. Klimko, M. Jankowska, A. (1998) Variability of berry-like of Juniperus communis L. ssp. communis of west Pomerania. Biology Bulletin of Poznań, 35, 85 102.
139. Kollmann, J. Grubb, P.J. (1999) Recruitment of fleshy-fruited species under different shrub species: control by under-canopy environment. Ecological Research, 14, 9 21.
140. Koukos, P.K. Papadopoulou, K.I. (1997) Essential oil of Juniperus communis L. grown in Northern Greece: variation of fruit oil yield and composition. Journal of Essential Oil Research, 9, 35 39.
141. Kowalska, M. (1980) Chemical composition of common juniper (Juniperus communis L.) fruits. Roczniki Akademii Rolnicczej W Poznaniu, 117, 61 64.
142. Kristiansen, I.L., Mangerud, J. Lømo, L. (1988) Late Weichselian/early Holocene pollen- and lithostratigraphy in Lakes in the Ålesund area, western Norway. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 53, 185 231.
143. Kristoffersen, L. Anderbrant, O. (2007) Carrot psyllid (Trioza apicalis) winter habitats - insights in shelter plant preference and migratory capacity. Journal of Applied Entomology, 131, 174 178.
144. Kullman, L. (1998) Non-analogous tree flora in the Scandes Mountains, Sweden, during the early Holocene - macrofossil evidence of rapid geographic spread and response to paleoclimate. Boreas, 27, 153 161.
145. Lamer-Zarawska, E. (1980) Phytochemical studies on flavonoids and other compounds of juniper fruits (Juniperus communis L.). Polish Journal of Chemistry, 54, 213 219.
146. Landolt, E. (1994) Beiträge zur flora der Stadt Zürich. Botanica Helvetica, 104, 157 170.
147. Lans, C., Turner, N., Khan, T., Brauer, G. Boepple, W. (2007) Ethnoveterinary medicines used for ruminants in British Columbia, Canada. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine, 3, article 11, doi:.
148. Larsen, A.C. (1990) Norsemen's use of juniper in Viking age Faroe islands. Acta Archaeologica, 61, 54 59.
149. Larson, D.W., Matthes, U. Kelly, P.E. (2000) Cliff Ecology: Pattern and Process in Cliff Ecosystems. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
150. Lebreton, P. Bayet, C. (1994) Le genévrier nain n'est pas un taxon arctico-alpin, preuves biochimiques à l'appui. Ecologie et biogéographie alpines. Revue Valdôtaine d'Histoire Naturelle, 48, 219 227.
151. Lebreton, P., Mossa, L. Gallet, C. (2000) A propos d'une entité corso-sarde du genévrier nain. [About a corsico-sardinian taxon of the dwarf juniper]. Bulletin Mensuel de la Société Linnéenne de Lyon, 69, 133 141.
152. Lemoine-Sébastian, C. (1958) Essais de germination de quatre espèces du genre Juniperus. Bulletin de la Société des Sciences Naturelles et Physiques du Maroc, 38, 115 122.
153. Lemoine-Sébastian, C. (1966) Les génevriers de Bretagne. Pen ar Bed, 5, 277 278.
154. Leraut, P. (1978) Le peuplement lépidoptérique de la junipéraie d'Arbonne (Seine-et-Marne). Alexanor, 10, 295 299.
155. Lihnell, D. (1939) Untersuchungen über die mykorrhizen und die wurzelpilze von Juniperus communis. [Studies on the mycorrhizae and root fungi of Juniperus communis]. Symbolae Botanicae Upsalienses, 3, 1 141.
156. Livingston, R.B. (1972) Influence of birds, stones and soil on the establishment of pasture juniper, Juniperus communis, and red cedar, J. virginiana in New England pastures. Ecology, 53, 1141 1147.
157. Looman, A. Svendsen, A.B. (1992) The needle essential oil of Norwegian mountain juniper, Juniperus communis L. var. saxatilis Pall. Flavour and Fragrance Journal, 7, 23 26.
158. Łuczaj, Ł. Szymański, W.M. (2007) Wild vascular plants gathered for consumption in the Polish countryside: a review. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine, 3, article 17, doi: 10.1186/1746-4269-3-17.
159. Lygis, V., Vasiliauskas, R. Stenlid, J. (2004) Planting Betula pendula on pine sites infested by Heterobasidion annosum: disease transfer, silvicultural evaluation, and community of wood-inhabiting fungi. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 34, 120 130.
160. Lysova, N.V. (1980) Means of adaptation and hardiness of woody plants in the dry steppe of the Volga region [in Russian]. Byulleten Glavnogo Botanicheskogo Sada, 115, 8 13.
161. Mägi, E., Järvis, T. Miller, I. (2006) Effects of different plant products against pig mange mites. Acta Veterinaria Brno, 75, 283 287.
162. Malins-Smith, A. (1935) Age and rate of juniper growth on Moughton Fell. The Naturalist, 60, 121 130.
163. Mallik, A.U. Gimingham, C.H. (1985) Ecological effects of heather burning. II. Effects on seed germination and vegetative regeneration. Journal of Ecology, 73, 633 644.
164. Marongiu, B., Porcedda, S., Piras, A., Sanna, G., Murreddu, M. Loddo, R. (2006) Extraction of Juniperus communis L. ssp nana Willd. essential oil by supercritical carbon dioxide. Flavour and Fragrance Journal, 21, 148 154.
165. Mastelić, J., Miloš, M., Kuštrak, D. Radonić, A. (2000) Essential oil and glycosidically bound volatile compounds from the needles of common juniper (Juniperus communis L.). Croatica Chemica Acta, 73, 585 593.
166. Mátrai, K., Altbäcker, V. Hahn, I. (1998) Seasonal diet of rabbits and their browsing effect on juniper in Bugac Juniper Forest (Hungary). Acta Theriologica, 43, 107 112.
167. McBride, A. Borders Forest Trust (1998) The status of common juniper (Juniperus communis L.) in the Scottish Borders. Scottish Forestry, 52, 178 182.
168. McGowan, G.M., Bayfield, N.G. Olmo, A. (1998) The status of Juniperus communis spp. nana (dwarf juniper) communities at six sites in north and north-west Scotland. Botanical Journal of Scotland, 50, 21 28.
169. McGowan, G.M., Joensalo, J. Naylor, R.E.L. (2004) Differential grazing of female and male plants of prostrate juniper (Juniperus communis L.). Botanical Journal of Scotland, 56, 39 54.
170. McNeill, M. (1910) Colonsay: one of the Hebrides. Douglas, Edinburgh.
171. McVean, D.N. (1961) Post-glacial history of juniper in Scotland. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London, 172, 53 55.
172. McVean, D.N. (1966) Establishment of native trees and shrubs on Scottish nature reserves by direct seed sowing. Scottish Forestry, 20, 26 36.
173. McVean, D.N. (1992) Notes on some forms of the common juniper in Scotland. Scottish Forestry, 46, 145 147.
174. Michalczyk, I.M., Sebastiani, F., Buonamici, A., Cremer, E., Mengel, C., Ziegenhagen, B. Vendramin, G.G. (2006) Characterization of highly polymorphic nuclear microsatellite loci in Juniperus communis L. Molecular Ecology Notes, 6, 346 348.
175. Miles, J. Kinnaird, J.W. (1979a) The establishment and regeneration of birch, juniper and Scots pine in the Scottish Highlands. Scottish Forestry, 33, 102 119.
176. Miles, J. Kinnaird, J.W. (1979b) Grazing: with particular reference to birch, juniper and Scots pine in the Scottish highlands. Scottish Forestry, 33, 280 289.
177. Miller, G.R. (1971) Grazing and the Regeneration of Shrubs and Trees. Range Ecology Research, First Progress Report, pp. 17 40. Nature Conservancy, Edinburgh.
178. Miller, G.R. Cummins, R.P. (1982) Regeneration of Scots pine Pinus sylvestris at a natural tree-line in the Cairngorm Mountains, Scotland. Holarctic Ecology, 5, 27 34.
179. Miller, G.R., Kinnaird, J.W. Cummins, R.P. (1982) Liability of saplings to browsing on a red deer range in the Scottish Highlands. Journal of Applied Ecology, 19, 941 951.
180. Miller, H.J. (1974) Anatomical studies of Juniperus communis L. spp. communis and J. communis L. ssp. nana Syme. Acta Botanica Neerlandica, 23, 91 98.
181. Moar, N.T. (1969) Two pollen diagrams from the Mainland, Orkney Islands. New Phytologist, 68, 201 208.
182. Molloy, K. O'Connell, M. (2004) Holocene vegetation and land-use dynamics in the karstic environment of Inis Oírr, Aran Islands, western Ireland: pollen analytical evidence evaluated in light of the archaeological record. Quaternary International, 113, 41 64.
183. Moore, D.M. (1982) Flora Europaea Check-List and Chromosome Index. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
184. Mugnaini, S., Nepi, M., Piotto, B. Pacini, E. (2002) Ecofisiologia dell'impollinazione in Juniperus communis e Juniperus oxycedrus. La Complessità in Ecologia. XII. Congresso Nazionale della Società Italiana di Ecologia, paper 7.
185. Myking, T. (2002) Evaluating genetic resources of forest trees by means of life history traits - a Norwegian example. Biodiversity and Conservation, 11, 1681 1696.
186. Norén, C.O. (1904) Ueber die Befruchtung bei Juniperus communis. Arkiv for Botanik, 3, 1 11 (No. 11).
187. O'Sullivan, P.E. (1977) Vegetation history and the native pinewoods. Native Pinewoods of Scotland (eds R.G.H. Bunce J.N.R. Jeffers pp. 60 69. Institute of Terrestrial Ecology, Cambridge, UK.
188. Obeso, J.R. Herrera, C.M. (1994) Inter- and intraspecific variation in fruit traits in co-occurring vertebrate-dispersed plants. International Journal of Plant Sciences, 155, 382 387.
189. Ochocka, J.R., Asztemborska, M., Zook, D.R., Sybilska, D., Perez, G. Ossicini, L. (1997) Enantiomers of monoterpenic hydrocarbons in essential oils from Juniperus communis. Phytochemistry, 44, 869 873.
190. Øezanka, T. Votruba, J. (2001) Chromatography of long chain alcohols (polyprenols) from animal and plant sources. Journal of Chromatography A, 936, 95 110.
191. Ohlemüller, R., Gritti, E.S., Sykes, M.T. Thomas, C.D. (2006) Quantifying components of risk for European woody species under climate change. Global Change Biology, 12, 1788 1799.
192. Oostermeijer, J.G.B. de Knegt, B. (2004) Genetic population structure of the wind-pollinated, dioecious shrub Juniperus communis in fragmented Dutch heathlands. Plant Species Biology, 19, 175 184.
193. Ortiz, P.L., Arista, M. Talavera, S. (2002) Sex ratio and reproductive effort in the dioecious Juniperus communis ssp. alpina (Suter) Čelak. (Cupressaceae) along an altitudinal gradient. Annals of Botany, 89, 205 211.
194. Ottley, A.M. (1909) The development of the gametophyte and fertilization in Juniperus communis and Juniperus virginiana. Botanical Gazette, 48, 31 46, plus 4 pages of diagrams.
195. Pack, D.A. (1921) After-ripening and germination of Juniperus seeds. Botanical Gazette, 71, 32 60.
196. Pascual Teresa, J., Barrero, A.F., Muriel, L., San Feliciano, A. Grande, M. (1980) New natural diterpene acids from Juniperus communis. Phytochemistry, 19, 1153 1156.
197. 2 spring. Global Change Biology, 7, 291 301.
198. 2 increase. Journal of Experimental Botany, 41, 1119 1124.
199. Pepeljnjak, S., Kosalec, I., Kalodera, Z. Blaževic, N. (2005) Antimicrobial activity of juniper berry essential oil (Juniperus communis L., Cupressaceae). Acta Pharmaceutica, 55, 417 422.
200. Petlevski, R., Hadžija, M., Slijepčević, M. Juretić, D. (2001) Effect of 'antidiabetis' herbal preparation on serum glucose and fructosamine in NOD mice. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 75, 181 184.
201. Phillip, R. (2003) Livestock, Range and Watershed. Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of California Cooperative Extension.
202. Phillips, F.J. (1910) The dissemination of junipers by birds. Forest Quarterly, 8, 60 73.
203. Pigott, C.D. (1956) The vegetation of Upper Teesdale in the North Pennines. Journal of Ecology, 44, 545 586.
204. Pigott, C.D. (1989) Factors controlling the distribution of Tilia cordata Mill. at the northern limits of its geographical range. New Phytologist, 112, 117 121.
205. Pigott, C.D. Huntley, J.P. (1981) Factors controlling the distribution of Tilia cordata at the northern limits of its geographical range III. Nature and cause of seed fertility. New Phytologist, 87, 817 839.
206. Piotto, B., Bartolini, G., Bussotti, F., García, A.A.C., Chessa, I., Ciccarese, C., Ciccarese, L., Crosti, R., Cullum, F.J., Di Noi, A., García-Fayos, P., Lambardi, M., Lisci, M., Lucci, S., Melini, S., Muñoz Reinoso, J.C., Murranca, S., Nieddu, G., Pacini, E., Pagni, G., Patumi, M., Pérez García, F., Piccini, C., Rossetto, M., Tranne, G. Tylkowski, T. (2003) Fact sheets on the propagation of Mediterranean trees and shrubs from seed. Seed Propagation of Mediterranean Trees and Shrubs (B, Piotti A. Di Noi), pp. 11 51. APAT, Agency for the Protection of the Environment and for Technical Services, Rome, Italy.
207. Plantlife (2004) UK Biodiversity Action Plan (BAP): Juniperus communis L. Plantlife International, Salisbury, Wiltshire, UK.
208. Pluess, A.R., Schütz, W. Stöcklin, J. (2005) Seed weight increases with altitude in the Swiss Alps between related species but not among populations of individual species. Oecologia, 144, 55 61.
209. Poldini, L., Oriolo, G. Francescato, C. (2004) Mountain pine scrubs and heaths with Ericaceae in the south-eastern Alps. Plant Biosystems, 138, 53 85.
210. Poore, M.E.D. McVean, D.N. (1957) A new approach to Scottish mountain vegetation. Journal of Ecology, 45, 401 439.
211. Pott, R. Hüppe, J. (1991) Die Hudelandschaften Nordwestdeutschlands. Abhandlungnen aus dem Westfälischen Museum für Naturkunde, Münster, 53, 1 313.
212. Poveda, M.-M., Souqual, M.-C., Fauvel, M.-T., Gamisans, J. Gauquelin, T. (2002) Alkane composition diversity among populations of dwarf forms of Juniperus communis L. comparison between western Europe and northern America populations. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 140, 165 168.
213. Preston, C.D., Pearman, D.A. Dines, T.D. (2002) New Atlas of the British and Irish Flora. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK.
214. Pulliainen, E. (1982) Breeding, foraging and winter strategies of the Black Grouse, Lyrurus tetrix L., in the Finnish taiga - a review. Aquilo Series Zoologica, 21, 68 75.
215. Quèzel, P. Barbero, M. (1989) Les formations à genévriers rampants du Djurdjura (Algérie). Leur signification ecologique, dynamique et syntaxinomique dans une approche globale des cédraies kabyles. Lazaroa, 11, 85 99.
216. Raatikainen, M. Tanska, T. (1993) Cone and seed yields of the juniper (Juniperus communis) in southern and central Finland. Acta Botanica Fennica, 149, 27 39.
217. Ratcliffe, D.A. (1977) A Nature Conservation Review. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
218. Reinsvold, R.J. Reeves, F.B. (1986) The mycorrhizae of Juniperus osteosperma: identity of the vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiont, and resynthesis of VA mycorrhizae. Mycologist, 78, 108 113.
219. Rejmánek, M. Rosén, E. (1988) The effects of colonizing shrubs (Juniperus communis and Potentilla fruticosa) on species richness in the grasslands of Stora Alveret, Öland (Sweden). Acta Phytogeographica Suecica, 76, 67 72.
220. Remonti, L., Balestrieri, A. Prigioni, C. (2007) Role of fruits in the diet of small mustelids (Mustela sp.) from the western Italian Alps. European Journal of Wildlife Research, 53, 35 39.
221. Renner, O. (1905) Ueber Zwitterblüten bei Juniperus communis. Flora, 93, 297 300.
222. Rios-Insua, M.V. (1984) Aggressiveness of Arceuthobium oxycedri in Spain. The Golden Bough (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew), 5, 4.
223. Ritch-Krc, E.M., Thomas, S., Turner, N.J. Towers, G.H.N. (1996) Carrier herbal medicine: traditional and contemporary plant use. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 52, 85 94.
224. Rodwell, J.S. (1991) British Plant Communities, Vol. 1. Woodlands and Scrub. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
225. Rodwell, J.S. (1992) British Plant Communities, Vol. 3. Grasslands and Montane Communities. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
226. Rosén, E. (1988) Development and seedling establishment within a Juniperus communis stand on Öland, Sweden. Acta Botanica Neerlandica, 37, 193 201.
227. Rosén, E. (1995) Periodic droughts and long-term dynamics of Alvar grassland vegetation on Öland, Sweden. Folia Geobotanic Phytotaxonomic, 30, 131 140.
228. Rosén, E. (2006) Alvar vegetation of Oland - Changes, monitoring and restoration. Biology and Environment: Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy, 106B, 387 399.
229. Rosén, E. Bakker, J.P. (2005) Effects of agri-environment schemes on scrub clearance, livestock grazing and plant diversity in a low-intensity farming system on Öland, Sweden. Basic and Applied Ecology, 6, 195 204.
230. Rouault, G., Turgeon, J., Candau, J.-N., Roques, A. von Aderkas, P. (2004) Oviposition strategies of conifer seed chalcids in relation to host phenology. Naturwissenschaften, 91, 472 480.
231. Rousset, O. Lepart, J. (1999) Shrub facilitation of Quercus humilis regeneration in succession on calcareous grasslands. Journal of Vegetation Science, 10, 493 502.
232. Rundgren, M. (1998) Early-Holocene vegetation of northern Iceland: pollen and plant macrofossil evidence from the Skagi peninsula. Holocene, 8, 553 564.
233. Rundgren, M., Loader, N.J. Hammarlund, D. (2003) Stable carbon isotope composition of terrestrial leaves: inter- and intraspecies variability, cellulose and whole-leaf tissue difference, and potential for climate construction. Journal of Quaternary Science, 18, 583 590.
234. Rybnickova, E. Rybnicek, K. (2006) Pollen and macroscopic analyses of sediments from two lakes in the High Tatra mountains, Slovakia. Vegetation History and Archaeobotany, 15, 345 356.
235. Salo, L.J. (1971) Autumn and winter diet of the hazel grouse (Tetrastes bonasia L.) in northeastern Finnish Lapland. Annales Zoologici Fennici, 8, 543 546.
236. Sama, G. Bassetti, L. (1980) Note su alcuni Cerambycidae interessanti della fauna Italiana. Bollettino dell'Associazione Romana, 35, 61 65.
237. San Feliciano, A., Caballero, E., Del Rey, B. Sancho, I. (1991) Diterpene acids from Juniperus communis ssp. hemisphaerica. Photochemistry, 30, 3134 3136.
238. Sánchez de Medina, F., Gámez, M.J., Jiménez, I., Jiménez, J., Osuna, J.I. Zarzuelo, A. (1994) Hypoglycemic activity of juniper 'berries'. Planta Medica, 60, 197 200.
239. Sanchez-Boccherini, J. Gallego, C. (1981) Biologie et lutte contre Aelia rostrata en Espagne. Bulletin OEPP, 11, 43 46.
240. Sanz-Elorza, M., Dana, E.D., González, A. Sobrino, E. (2003) Changes in the high-mountain vegetation of the Central Iberian Peninsula as a probable sign of global warming. Annals of Botany, 92, 273 280.
241. Sasak, W., Mańkowski, T. Chojnacki, T. (1976) Polyphenols in Juniperus communis needles. FEBS Letters, 64, 55 58.
242. Scheurer, S. (1991) Ein beitrag zum vorkommen und zur biologie einiger Cinara-species in den Rhodopen (Bulgarien). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, 38, 371 378.
243. Schilcher, H. Heil, B.M. (1994) Nephrotoxicity of juniper berry preparations: a critical review of the literature from 1844 to 1993. Zeitschrift für Phytotherapie, 15, 205 213.
244. Schofield, J.E., Edwards, K.J. McMullen, J.A. (2007) Modern pollen-vegetation relationships in subarctic southern Greenland and the interpretation of fossil pollen data from the Norse landnám. Journal of Biogeography, 34, 473 488.
245. Schwartz, D., Thinon, M., Goepp, S., Schmitt, C., Casner, J., Rosique, T., Wuscher, P., Alexandre, A., Dambrine, E., Martin, C. Guillet, B. (2005) Premières datations directes de défrichements protohistoriques sur les chaumes secondaires des Vosges (Rossberg, Haut-Rhin). Approche pédoanthracologique. Comptes Rendus Geoscience, 337, 1250 1256.
246. Scott, M. (2000) Montane Scrub. Montane Scrub Action Group, Scottish Natural Heritage, Perth.
247. Seppä, H., Birks, H.J.B., Odland, A., Poska, A. Veski, S. (2004) A modern pollen-climate calibration set from northern Europe: developing and testing a tool for palaeoclimatological reconstructions. Journal of Biogeography, 31, 251 267.
248. Shahmir, F., Ahmadi, L., Mirza, M. Korori, S.A. (2003) Secretory elements of needles and berries of Juniperus communis L. ssp. communis and its volatile constituents. Flavour and Fragrance Journal, 18, 425 428.
249. Shipley, L.A., Blomquist, S. Danell, K. (1998) Diet choices made by free-ranging moose in northern Sweden in relation to plant distribution, chemistry, and morphology. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 76, 1722 1733.
250. Smith, W.K. (1980) Importance of aerodynamic resistance to water use efficiency in three conifers under field conditions. Plant Physiology, 65, 132 135.
251. Snow, B. Snow, D. (1988) Birds and Berries. Poyser, Calton, UK.
252. Southworth, D. (1986) Pollen exine substructure. III. Juniperus communis. Canadian Journal of Botany, 64, 983 987.
253. Stace, C. (1997) New Flora of the British Isles, 2nd edn. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
254. Stanić, G., Samaržija, I. Blažević, N. (1998) Time-dependent diuretic response in rats treated with juniper berry preparations. Phytotherapy Research, 12, 494 497.
255. Stoyanova, M. (1993) Studies of the amount and quantities of essential oils from common juniper in Bulgaria. Nauka za Gorata, 30, 46-50.
256. Strong, D.R. Jr. (1979) Biogeographic dynamics of insect-host plant communities. Annual Review of Entomology, 24, 89 119.
257. Sullivan, G. (2001) Prostrate juniper heath in north-west Scotland: historical, ecological, and taxonomic issues. PhD Thesis, University of Aberdeen, UK.
258. Sutherland, W.J. (1993) Juniper regeneration. British Wildlife, 4, 194.
259. Svensson, J.S. Jeglum, J.K. (2000) Primary succession and dynamics of Norway spruce coastal forests on land-uplift ground moraine. Studia Forestalia Suecica, 209, 1 32.
260. Svensson, J.S. Jeglum, J.K. (2003) Spatio-temporal properties of tree-species belts during primary succession on rising Gulf of Bothnia coastlines. Annales Botanici Fennici, 40, 265 282.
261. Sweeney, C.A. (2004) A key for the identification of stomata of the native conifers of Scandinavia. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 128, 281 290.
262. Sybilska, D., Asztemborska, M., Kowalczyk, J., Ochocka, R.J., Ossicini, L. Perez, G. (1994) Enantiomeric composition of terpenic hydrocarbons in essential oil from Juniperus communis L. Journal of Chromatography A, 659, 389 394.
263. Sykes, J.M. (1976) Regeneration of juniper. A summary of data collected at Tynron Juniper Wood NNR 1960-1974. Institute of Terrestrial Ecology (NERC), Project 387, Report to the Nature Conservancy Council, Peterborough, UK.
264. Sykes, M.T., Prentice, C. Cramer, W. (1996) A bioclimatic model for the potential distributions of north European tree species under present and future climates. Journal of Biogeography, 23, 203 233.
265. Taschler, D. Neuner, G. (2004) Summer frost resistance and freezing patterns measured in situ in leaves of major alpine plant growth forms in relation to their upper distribution boundary. Plant, Cell and Environment, 27, 737 746.
266. Thomas, A.S. (1960) Changes in vegetation since the advent of myxomatosis. Journal of Ecology, 48, 287 306.
267. Thomas, A.S. (1963) Further changes in vegetation since the advent of myxomatosis. Journal of Ecology, 51, 151 186.
268. Thomas, P.A. Polwart, A. (2003) Biological Flora of the British Isles, Taxus baccata L. Journal of Ecology, 91, 489 524.
269. Thompson, K., Bakker, J.P. Bekker, R.M. (1997) The Soil Seed Banks of North West Europe. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
270. Thompson, D.B.A. Brown, A. (1992) Biodiversity in montane Britain: habitat variation, vegetation diversity and some objectives for conservation. Biodiversity and Conservation, 1, 179 208.
271. Tipping, R.M. (1987) The prospects for establishing synchroneity in the early postglacial pollen peak of Juniperus in the British Isles. Boreas, 16, 155 163.
272. 2 spring. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology, 28, 257 268.
273. 2 vent. Journal of Experimental Botany, 51, 1135 1146.
274. 2 spring. Biologia Plantarum, 46, 411 418.
275. 2 spring. Plant Cell and Environment, 23, 1341 1351.
276. 2 enrichment. Functional Plant Biology, 29, 1097 1106.
277. Tunón, H., Olavsdotter, C. Bohlin, L. (1995) Evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity of some Swedish medicinal plants. Inhibition of prostaglandin biosynthesis and PAF-induced exocytosis. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 48, 61 76.
278. Turesson, G. (1961) Habitat modifications in some widespread plant species. Botaniska Notiser, 51, 435 452.
279. Ungerson, J. Scherdin, G. (1965) Untersuchungen über Photosynthese und Atmung unter natürlichen Bedingungen während des Winterhalbjahres bei Pinus sylvestris L., Picea excelsa LINK. und Juniperus communis L. Planta (Berl.), 67, 136 167.
280. USDA (1999) Japanese cedar longhorned beetle in the eastern United States. United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health. Inspection Service, Pest Alert APHIS 81-35-004.
281. Valterová, I., Nehlin, G. Borg-Karlson, A.-K. (1997) Host plant chemistry and preferences in egg-laying Trioza apicalis (Homoptera, Psylloidea). Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 25, 477 491.
282. Van der Merwe, M., Winfield, M.O., Arnold, G.M. Parker, J.S. (2000) Spatial and temporal aspects of the genetic structure of Juniperus communis populations. Molecular Ecology, 9, 379 386.
283. Vardhini, D., Raja, S.S., Varalakshmi, K. Quddus, K.M.A. (2001) Sujiol, a new potent insect growth regulator from Juniperus communis L. against last instar larvae of Spodoptera litura. Journal of Applied Entomology, 125, 479 481.
284. Vargas, P. (2003) Molecular evidence for multiple diversification patterns of alpine plants in Mediterranean Europe. Taxon, 52, 463 476.
285. Vedel, H. (1961) Natural regeneration in juniper. Proceedings of the Botanical Society of the British Isles, 4, 146 148.
286. Vedel, H. Lange, J. (1978) Trees and Bushes in Wood and Hedgerow. Eyre Methuen, London, UK.
287. Verdú, M. García-Fayos, P. (2003) Frugivorous birds mediate sex-biased facilitation in a dioecious nurse plant. Journal of Vegetation Science, 14, 35 42.
288. Verdú, M. García-Fayos, P. (2004) Gender effects on the post-facilitation performance of two dioecious Juniperus species. Functional Ecology, 18, 87 93.
289. Verheyen, K., Schreurs, K., Vanholen, B. Hermy, M. (2005) Intensive management fails to promote recruitment in the last large population of Juniperus communis (L.) in Flanders (Belgium). Biological Conservation, 124, 113 121.
290. Vernin, G., Boniface, C., Metzger, J., Ghiglione, C., Hammoud, A., Suon, K.-N., Fraisse, D. Párkányi, C. (1988) GC-MS-SPECMA bank analysis of Juniperus communis needles and berries. Phytochemistry, 27, 1061 1064.
291. Vichi, S., Riu-Aumatell, M., Mora-Pons, M., Buxaderas, S. Lopez-Tamames, E. (2005) Characterization of volatiles in different dry gins. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 53, 10154 10160.
292. Viegi, L., Pieroni, A., Guarrera, P.M. Vangelisti, R. (2003) A review of plants used in folk veterinary medicine in Italy as basis for a databank. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 89, 221 244.
293. Vorob'eva, T.I. (1975) Some data on the morphogenesis of juniper (Juniperus communis L.). Biologicheskie Nauki, 64 70. [British Library, lending division translation RTS 10640].
294. Wakeley, S. (1957) Field meetings, 1957. Proceedings. South London Entomological and Natural History Society, 60 81.
295. Waller, M.P. Hamilton, S. (2000) Vegetation history of the English chalklands: a mid-Holocene pollen sequence from the Caburn, East Sussex. Journal of Quaternary Science, 15, 253-272.
296. Ward, L.K. (1970) Aleuropteryx juniperi Ohm (Neur., Coniopterygidae) new to Britain feeding on Carulaspis juniperi Bouché (Hem., Diaspididae). Entomologist's Monthly Magazine, 106, 74 78.
297. Ward, L.K. (1973) The conservation of juniper. I. Present status of juniper in southern England. Journal of Applied Ecology, 10, 165 188.
298. Ward, L.K. (1977) The conservation of juniper: the associated fauna with special reference to southern England. Journal of Applied Ecology, 14, 81 120.
299. Ward, L.K. (1981) The demography, fauna and conservation of Juniperus communis in Britain. The Biological Aspects of Rare Plant Conservation (ed. by H. Synge pp. 319 329. John Wiley, London, UK.
300. Ward, L.K. (1982) The conservation of juniper: longevity and old age. Journal of Applied Ecology, 19, 917 928.
301. Ward, L.K. (1991a) Report on a visit to juniper management experiments at Upper Teesdale NNR, County Durham. English Nature NE Region, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, unpublished report.
302. Ward, L.K. (1991b) Lithophane leautieri (Boisduval) ssp. hesperica Bours. (Lep., Noctuidae) larvae feeding on common juniper (Juniperus communis). Entomologist's Record and Journal of Variation, 103, 261.
303. Ward, L.K. (2004a) Juniperus Communis L. Plantlife International Dossier. URL. http://www.plantlife.org.uk/uk/plantlife-saving-species-under-our-care- juniperus-communis.htm (lastaccessed21August2007). Vol. 1, pp. 1 22, Vol. 2, pp. 1 25.
304. Ward, L.K. (2004b) Local extinction of a gall fly, Schmidtiella gemmarum Rubsaamen (Diptera. Cecidomyiidae), on a declining Juniperus communis colony. Entomologist's Gazette, 55, 269 275.
305. Ward, L.K. (2007) Lifetime sexual dimorphism in Juniperus communis var. communis. Plant Species Biology, 22, 11 21.
306. Ward, L.K., Hackshaw, A. Clarke, R.T. (2003) Do food-plant preferences of modern families of phytophagous insects and mites reflect past evolution with plants? Biological Journal of the Linnaean Society, 78, 51 83.
307. Ward, L.K. King, M. (2006) Decline of juniper in Sussex. Quarterly Journal of Forestry, 100, 263 272.
308. Ward, L.K. Lakhani, K.H. (1977) The conservation of juniper: the fauna of food-plant island sites in southern England. Journal of Applied Ecology, 14, 121 135.
309. Watt, A.S. (1934) The vegetation of the Chiltern Hills, with special reference to the beechwoods and their seral relationships. Journal of Ecology, 22, 230 270.
310. Webb, D.A. (1980) The flora of the Aran Islands. Journal of Life Sciences (Royal Dublin Society), 2, 51 83.
311. Webster, M.M. (1978) Flora of Moray, Nairn and East Inverness. Aberdeen University Press, Aberdeen, UK.
312. Wells, T.C.E., Sheail, J., Ball, D.F. Ward, L.K. (1976) Ecological studies on the Porton Ranges: relationships between vegetation, soils and land-use history. Journal of Ecology, 64, 589 626.
313. Wennström, A. Eriksson, B. (1997) Dispersal patterns of the rust Gymnosporangium cornutum between the hosts Juniperus communis and Sorbus aucuparia. Ecoscience, 4, 117 119.
314. Williams, D.J. (1984) Two injurious mealybugs new to Britain (Hem., Homoptera, Coccoidea, Pseudococcidae). Entomologist's Monthly Magazine, 120, 227 228.
315. Willis, K.J. van Andel, T.H. (2004) Trees or no trees? The environments of central and eastern Europe during the Last Glaciation. Quaternary Science Reviews, 23, 2269 2287.
316. Wolff, R.L., Deluc, L.G. Marpeau, A.M. (1996) Conifer seeds: oil content and fatty acid composition. Journal of the American Chemists Society, 73, 765 771.
317. Woodroffe, G.E. (1971) Further notes on the Hemiptera of the Braemar area (Aberdeenshire), including the first British record of Orthops basilis (Cost.) (Miridae). Entomologist's Monthly Magazine, 197, 255 256.
318. 2 concentration on stomatal density. New Phytologist, 131, 311 327.
319. Zamora, R. (1990) The fruit diet of ring-ouzels (Turdus torquatus) wintering in Sierra Nevada (South East Spain). Alauda, 58, 67 70.
320. Zheronkina, T.A. (1974) Structure of the seed-coat of juniper and its role in germination [abstract]. Byulleten Glavnogo Botanicheskogo Sada, 91, 67 72.