Non-analogous tree flora in the Scandes Mountains, Sweden, during the early Holocene - macrofossil evidence of rapid geographic spread and response to palaeoclimate

Boreas

Volumn 27, Issue 3, 1998, Pages 153-161

  Kullman, Leif ^a  

^a UMEÅ UNIVERSITY   (Sweden)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

COMMUNITY RESPONSE; FOSSIL RECORD; HOLOCENE; PALEOBIOGEOGRAPHY; PALEOCLIMATE; TREE;

SCANDES MOUNTAINS; SWEDEN;

ABIES; ALNUS GLUTINOSA; ALNUS INCANA; BETULA PENDULA; BETULA PUBESCENS; BETULACEAE; CORYLUS; CORYLUS AVELLANA; LARIX; LARIX SIBIRICA; MALVACEAE; PENDULA; PICEA ABIES; PINUS SYLVESTRIS; QUERCUS; QUERCUS ROBUR; TILIA CORDATA; ULMUS; ULMUS GLABRA;

EID: 0032454664     PISSN: 03009483     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1502-3885.1998.tb00875.x     Document Type: Article

References (82)

1. Ahti, T., Hämet-Ahti, L. & Jalas, J. 1968: Vegetation zones and their sections in northwestern Europe. Annales Botanici Fennici 5, 169-211.
2. Andersson, G. 1902: Hasseln i Sverige fordom och nu. Sveriges Geologiska Undersökning Serie Ca. 3, 1-168.
3. Andersson, G. & Birger, S. 1912: Den norrländska florans geografiska fördelning och invandringshistoria. 416 pp. Almqvist & Wiksell, Uppsala.
4. Bennett, K. D. 1988: Holocene geographic spread and population expansion of Fagus in Ontario, Canada. Journal of Ecology 76, 547-557.
5. Bennett, K. D., Tzedakis, P. C. & Willis, K. J. 1991: Quaternary refugia of north European trees. Journal of Biogeography 18, 103-115.
6. Berglund, B. E. 1984: Palaeoclimatic changes in Scandinavia and on Greenland - a tentative correlation based on lake and bog stratigraphical studies. Quaternary Studies in Poland 4, 27-44.
7. Berglund, B. E., Barnekow, L., Hammarlund, D., Sandgren, P. & Snowball, I. 1996a: Holocene forest dynamics and climate changes in the Abisko area, northern Sweden. Ecological Bulletins 45, 15-30.
8. Berglund, B. E., Digerfeldt, G., Engelmark, R., Gaillard, M.-J., Karlsson, S., Miller, U. & Risberg, J. 1996b: Sweden. In Berglund, B., Birks, H. J. B., Ralska-Jasiewiczowa, M. & Wright, H. E. (eds.): Palaeoecological Events During the Last 15 000 Years: Regional Syntheses of Palaeoecological Studies of Lakes and Mires in Europe, 233-280. John Wiley, New York.
9. Birks, H. H., Vorren, K.-D. & Birks, H. J. B. 1996: Holocene treelines, dendrochronology and palaeoclimate. Palaeoclimate Research 20, 1-18.
10. Birks, H. J. B. 1986: Late-Quaternary biotic changes in terrestrial and lacustrine environments, with particular reference to northwest Europe. In Berglund, B. E. (ed.): Handbook of Holocene Palaeoecology and Palaeohydrology, 3-65. John Wiley, New York.
11. Birks, H. J. B. 1988: Long-term ecological change in the British Uplands. In Usher, M. B. & Thompson, D. B. A. (eds.): Ecological Change in the Uplands, 37-56. Blackwell, Oxford.
12. Birks, H. J. B. 1989: Holocene isochrone maps and patterns of tree spreading in the British Isles. Journal of Biogeography 16, 503-540.
13. Bryson, R. A. 1981: On climatic analogs in paleoclimatic reconstruction. Quaternary Research 23, 275-286.
14. COHMAP Members. 1988: Climatic changes of the last 18000 years: observations and model simulations. Science 241, 1043-1052.
15. Davis, M. B. 1976: Pleistocene biogeography of temperate deciduous forests. Geoscience and Man 13, 13-26.
16. Davis, M. B. 1987: Invasions of forest communities during the Holocene: beech and hemlock in the Great Lakes region. In Gray, A., Crowley, M. J. & Edwards, P. J. (eds.): Colonization, Succession and Stability, 373-393. Blackwell, Oxford.
17. Davis, M. B. 1989: Insights from paleoecology on global change. Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America 70, 222-228.
18. Erdtman, G. 1943: Pollenspektra från svenska växtsamhällen jämte pollenanalytiska markstudier i södra Lappland. Geologiska Föreningens i Stockholm Förhandlingar 65, 37-66.
19. Faegri, K. 1960: Maps of Distribution of Norwegian Plants I. The Coast Plants. 134 pp. Oslo University Press, Oslo.
20. Fossitt, J. A. 1996: Late Quaternary vegetation history of the Western Isles of Scotland. New Phytologist 132, 171-196.
21. Fries, M. 1956: Bensjöområdet i skogshistorisk belysning. Norrlands Skogsvårdsförbunds Tidskrift 1956, 527-559.
22. Fromm, E. 1965: Beskrivning till jordartskarta över Norrbottens län nedanför lappmarksgränsen. Sveriges Geologiska Undersökning Serie Ca. 39, 1-236.
23. Gjaerevoll, O. 1950: The vegetation of south-facing rocks on the islands Gudfjelløya, Røyrvik i Namdalen. Blyttia 8, 115-124.
24. Granlund, E. 1943: Beskrivning till jordartskarta över Västerbottens län nedanför odlingsgränsen. Sveriges Geologiska Undersökning Serie Ca. 26, 1-165.
25. Hafsten, U. 1987: Vegetation, climate and evolution of the cultural landscape in Trøndelag, Central Norway, after the last ice age. Norsk Geografisk Tidsskrift 41, 101-120.
26. Helland, A. 1912: Traegraendser og sommervarmen. Tidsskrift for Skogbruk 20, 131-148, 169-175, 303-313.
27. Hintikka, V. 1963: Über das Grossklima einiger Pflanzenareale in zwei Klimakoordinatensystemen dargestellt. Annales Botanici Societatis Zoologicae Botanicae Fennicae 'Vanamo' 34, 1-64.
28. Holland, P. G. 1981: Pleistocene refuge areas, and the revegetation of Nova Scotia, Canada. Progress in Physical Geography 5, 536-562.
29. Hultén, E. 1971: Atlas över växternas utbredning i Norden. 531 pp. Generalstabens Litografiska Anstalts Förlag, Stockholm.
30. Huntley, B. 1993: Species-richness in north-temperate zone forests. Journal of Biogeography 20, 163-180.
31. Huntley, B. 1996: Quaternary palaeoecology and ecology. Quaternary Science Reviews 15, 591-606.
32. Huntley, B. & Birks, H. J. B. 1983: An Atlas of Past and Present Pollen Maps for Europe 0-13000 years ago. 667 pp. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
33. Huntley, B. & Prentice, I. C. 1993: Holocene vegetation and climates of Europe. In Wright, H. E., Webb, T., Ruddiman, W. F., Street-Perrot, F. A. & Bartlein, P. J. (eds.): Global Climates Since the Last Glacial Maximum, 136-168. University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis.
34. Jacobson, G. L., Webb, T. & Grimm, E. C. 1987: Patterns and rates of vegetation change during the deglaciation of eastern North America. In Rudiman, W. F. & Wright, H. E. (eds.): North America and Adjacent Oceans During the Last Deglaciation. Colorado, 277-288. Geological Society of America, Boulder.
35. Jackson, S. T., Overpeck, J. T., Webb, T., Keattek, S. E. & Anderson, K. H. 1997: Mapped plant-macrofossil and pollen records of late Quaternary vegetation change in eastern North America. Quaternary Science Reviews 16, 1-70.
36. Kam-Biu, L. 1990: Holocene paleoecology of the boreal forest and Great Lakes - St. Lawrence forest in northern Ontario. Ecological Monographs 60, 179-212.
37. Kilander, S. 1955: Kärlväxternas övre gränser på fjäll i sydvästra Jämtland samt angränsande delar av Härjedalen. Acta Phytogeographica Suecica 35, 1-198.
38. Kullman, L. 1989: Geoecological aspects of episodic permafrost expansion in North Sweden. Geografiska Annaler 71A, 255-262.
39. Kullman, L. 1993: Tree-limit dynamics of Betula pubescens ssp. tortuosa in relation to climate variability: evidence from central Sweden. Journal of Vegetation Science 4, 765-772.
40. Kullman, L. 1994a: The Holocene history of a subalpine birch forest enclave: subfossil evidence from Central Sweden. Géographie Physique et Quaternaire 48, 151-156.
41. Kullman, L. 1994b: Palaeoecology of pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) in the Swedish Scandes and a review of the analysis of subfossil wood. Geografiska Annaler 75A, 247-259.
42. Kullman, L. 1995a: New and firm evidence for Mid-Holocene appearance of Picea abies in the Scandes Mountains, Sweden. Journal of Ecology 83, 439-447.
43. Kullman, L. 1995b: Holocene tree-limit and climate history from the Scandes Mountains, Sweden. Ecology 7, 2490-2502.
44. Kullman, L. 1996a: Norway spruce present in the Scandes Mountains Sweden at 8000 BP: new light on Holocene tree spread. Global Ecology and Biogeography Letters 5, 94-101.
45. Kullman, L. 1996b: Rise and demise of cold-climate Picea abies (L.) Karst, forest in Sweden. New Phytologist 134, 243-256.
46. Kullman, L. 1998a: The occurrence of thermophilous trees in the Scandes Mountains during the early Holocene: evidence for a diverse tree flora from macroscopic remains. Journal of Ecology 86, 421-428.
47. Kullman, L. 1998b: Tree limit and montane forests in the Swedish Scandes: sensitive biomonitors of climatic change and variability. Ambio 27, 312-321.
48. Kullman, L. 1998c: Palaeoecological, biogeographical and palaeoclimatological implications of early Holocene immigration of Larix sibirica Ledeb. into the Scandes Mountains, Sweden. Global Ecology and Biogeography Letters 7.
49. Kullman, L. in press: Early Holocene tree growth at a high elevation site in the northernmost Scandes of Sweden (Lapland). A palaeogeographical case study based on megafossil evidence. Geografiska Annaler.
50. Kullman, L. & Engelmark, O. 1997: Neoglacial climate control of subarctic Picea abies stand dynamics and range limit in northern Sweden. Arctic and Alpine Research 29, 315-326.
51. Kutzbach, J. E., Bartlein, P. J., Prentice, I. C., Ruddiman, W. F., Street-Perrott, F. A., Webb, T. & Wright, H. E. 1993: Epilogue. In Wright, H. E., Kutzbach, J. E., Webb, T., Ruddiman, W. F., Street-Perrott, F. A. & Bartlein, P. J. (eds.): Global Climates Since the Last Glacial Maximum, 536-542. University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis.
52. Kutzbach, J. E. & Gallimore, R. G. 1988: Sensitivity of a coupled atmosphere/mixed layer ocean model to changes in orbital forcing at 9000 years B. P. Journal of Geophysical Research 93, 803-821.
53. Kutzbach, J. E. & Guetter, P. J. 1986: The influence of changing orbital parameters and surface boundary conditions on climate simulations for the past 18 000 years. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 43, 1726-1759.
54. Kvamme, M. 1993: Holocene forest limit fluctuations and glacier development in the mountains of Southern Norway, and their relevance to climate history. Palaeoclimate Research 9, 99-113.
55. Lang, G. 1994: Quartäre Vegetationsgeschichte Europas. 462 pp. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart.
56. Lundgren, L. N., Pan, H., Theander, O., Eriksson, H., Johansson, U. & Svenningsson, M. 1995: Development of a new chemical method for distinguishing between Betula pendula and Betula pubescens in Sweden. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 25, 1097-1102.
57. Lundqvist, G. 1951: Beskrivning till jordartskarta över Kopparbergs Lån. Sveriges Geologiska Undersökning Serie Ca. 21, 1-213.
58. Lundqvist, J. 1969: Beskrivning till jordartskarta över Jämtlands län. Sveriges Geologiska Undersökning Serie Ca. 45, 1-418.
59. Lundqvist, J. 1986: Late Weichselian glaciation and deglaciation in Scandinavia. Quaternary Science Reviews 5, 269-292.
60. Malmström, C. 1934: Almen på sin nordligatse fyndort i Sverige, Skikkisjöberget i Åsele Lappmark. Svenska Skogsvårds föreningens Tidskrift 32, 111-130.
61. McLeod, T. K. & MacDonald, G. M. 1997: Postglacial range expansion and population growth of Picea mariana, Picea glauca and Pinus banksiana in the western interior of Canada. Journal of Biogeography 24, 865-881.
62. Nilsson, S. G. 1985: Ecological and evolutionary interactions between reproduction of beech Fagus silvatica and seed eating animals. Oikos 44, 157-164.
63. Nordhagen, R. 1933: De senkvartaere klimavekslinger i Nord europa og deres betydning for kulturforskningen. Instituttet for Sammenlignende Kulturforskning Serie A 12, 1-246.
64. Persson, C. 1975: Speculations on the immigration of spruce into Sweden. Geologiska Föreningens i Stockholm Förhandlingar 97, 292-294.
65. Peterson, G. M., Webb, T. III, Kutzbach, J. E., van der Hammen, T., Wijmstra, T. A. & Street, F. A. 1979: The continental record of environmental conditions at 18,000 yr B.P. An initial evaluation. Quaternary Research 12, 47-82.
66. von Post, L. 1930: Norrländska torvmossestudier. II. Geologiska Föreningens i Stockholm Förhandlingar 52, 63-90.
67. Prentice, I. C. & Helmisaari, H. 1991: Silvics of north European trees: compilation comparisons and implications of forest succession modelling. Forest Ecology and Management 42, 79-93.
68. Ritchie, J. C. 1995: Current trends in studies of long-term plant community dynamics. New Phytologist 130, 113-124.
69. Salisbury, E. J. 1932: The East Anglian Flora. Transactions of the Norfolk and Norwich Naturalists' Society 13, 191-263.
70. Sandegren, R. 1924: Ragundatraktens postglaciala utvecklingshistoria enligt den subfossila florans vittnesbörd. Sveriges Geologiska Undersökning Serie Ca. 12, 1-55.
71. Sea, D. & Whitlock, C. 1995: Postglacial vegetation and climate of the Cascade Range, Central Oregon. Quaternary Research 43, 370-381.
72. Seppä, H. 1996: Post-glacial dynamics of vegetation and tree-lines in the far north of Fennoscandia. Fennia 174, 1-96.
73. Simonsen, A. 1980: Vertikale variasjoner i Holocen pollensedimentation i Ulvik, Hardanger. AmS-Varia 8, 1-68.
74. Skre, O. 1990: Consequences of possible climatic temperature changes for plant production and growth in alpine and subalpine areas of Fennoscandia. NINA Notat 4, 1-82.
75. Smith, H. 1920: Vegetationen och dess utvecklingshistoria i det centralsvenska högfjällsområdet. 238 pp. Almqvist & Wiksell, Uppsala.
76. Svendsen, J. I. & Mangerud, J. 1997: Holocene glacial and climatic variations on Spitsbergen, Svalbard. The Holocene 7, 45-57.
77. Tallantire, P. A. 1981: Some reflections on hazel (Corylus avellana L.) and its boundary in Fennoscandia during the post-glacial. Acta Palaeobotanica 21, 161-171.
78. Torske, N. 1996: Holocene vegetation, climate and glacier histories in the Jostedalsbreen region, western Norway - palaeoecological interpretations from an alpine peat deposit. Palaeoclimate Research 20, 215-232.
79. Webb, S. L. 1986: Potential role of passenger pigeons and other vertebrates in the rapid Holocene migrations of nut trees. Quaternary Research 26, 367-375.
80. Wikström, C. J. 1991: Ragundaområdets kärlväxter. Ravund 13, 4-142.
81. Wohlfarth, B., Lemdahl, G., Olsson, S., Persson, T., Snowball, I., Ising, J. & Jones, V. 1995: Early Holocene environment on Bjørnøya (Svalbard) inferred from multidisciplinary lake sediment studies. Polar Research 14, 253-275.
82. Woods, K. D. & Davis, M. B. 1989: Paleoecology of range limits: beech in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan. Ecology 70, 681-696.