The Impact of Monetary Reward on Memory in Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorder

Neuropsychology

Volumn 21, Issue 5, 2007, Pages 631-645

  Thornton, Allen E ^a,b   Boudreau, Vanessa G ^a   Griffiths, Stephanie Y ^a   Woodward, Todd S ^a,c   Fawkes Kirby, Tanya ^a   Honer, William G ^b  

^a SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

^b UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA   (Canada)

^c RIVERVIEW HOSPITAL   (Canada)

Author keywords

episodic memory; long term memory; motivation; reward; working memory

Indexed keywords

CHOLINERGIC RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT;

ADULT; ARTICLE; CLINICAL ARTICLE; COGNITION; CONTROLLED STUDY; CORRELATION ANALYSIS; EPISODIC MEMORY; FEMALE; HEALTH STATUS; HUMAN; LEARNING TEST; LONG TERM MEMORY; MALE; MEMORY; MENTAL HEALTH; MONEY; MOTIVATION; NEGATIVE SYNDROME; NEUROMODULATION; NEUROPHYSIOLOGY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RECALL; REWARD; SCHIZOPHRENIA; SCHIZOPHRENIA SPECTRUM DISORDER; SYMPTOMATOLOGY; TASK PERFORMANCE; VERBAL MEMORY; WORD LIST RECALL; WORKING MEMORY;

ADULT; CASE-CONTROL STUDIES; CHOLINERGIC ANTAGONISTS; EXPLORATORY BEHAVIOR; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; MEMORY; MIDDLE AGED; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TESTS; PSYCHIATRIC STATUS RATING SCALES; REFERENCE VALUES; REGRESSION ANALYSIS; REWARD; SCHIZOPHRENIA; SCHIZOPHRENIC PSYCHOLOGY; VERBAL LEARNING;

EID: 34748879962     PISSN: 08944105     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/0894-4105.21.5.631     Document Type: Article

References (96)

1. Abi-Dargham A. Do we still believe in the dopamine hypothesis? New data brings new evidence. The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology 7 Suppl 1 (2004) S1-S5
2. Abi-Dargham A., Mawlawi O., Lombardo I., Gil R., Martinez D., Huang Y., et al. Prefrontal dopamine D1 receptors and working memory in schizophrenia. The Journal of Neuroscience: The Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience 22 (2002) 3708-3719
3. Abi-Dargham A., and Moore H. Prefrontal DA transmission at D1 receptors and the pathology of schizophrenia. The Neuroscientist: A Review Journal Bringing Neurobiology, Neurology and Psychiatry 9 (2003) 404-416
4. Adcock R.A., Thangavel A., Whitfield-Gabrieli S., Knutson B., and Gabrieli J.D. Reward-motivated learning: Mesolimbic activation precedes memory formation. Neuron 50 (2006) 507-517
5. Addington J., and Addington D. Neurocognitive and social functioning in schizophrenia: A 2.5 year follow-up study. Schizophrenia Research 44 (2000) 47-56
6. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 4th ed. (1994), Author, Washington, DC
7. Army Individual Test Battery. Manual of directions and scoring (1944), War Department, Adjutant General's Office, Washington, DC
8. Aylward E., Walker E., and Bettes B. Intelligence in schizophrenia: Meta-analysis of the research. Schizophrenia Bulletin 10 (1984) 430-459
9. Backman L., Ginovart N., Dixon R.A., Wahlin T.B., Wahlin A., Halldin C., et al. Age-related cognitive deficits mediated by changes in the striatal dopamine system. The American Journal of Psychiatry 157 (2000) 635-637
10. Barch D.M. The relationships among cognition, motivation, and emotion in schizophrenia: How much and how little we know. Schizophrenia Bulletin 31 (2005) 875-881
11. Bellack A.S., Mueser K.T., Morrison R.L., Tierney A., and Podell K. Remediation of cognitive deficits in schizophrenia. The American Journal of Psychiatry 147 (1990) 1650-1655
12. Benedict R.H.B. Effects of using same- versus alternate-form memory tests during short-interval repeated assessments in multiple sclerosis. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 11 (2005) 727-736
13. Benedict R.H.B., and Zgaljardic D.J. Practice effects during repeated administrations of memory tests with and without alternate forms. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology 20 (1998) 339-352
14. Bezchlibnyk-Butler K.Z., and Jeffries J.J. Clinical handbook of psychotropic drugs (2000), Hogrefe & Huber, Seattle, WA
15. Bozikas V.P., Kosmidis M.H., Kioperlidou K., and Karavatos A. Relationship between psychopathology and cognitive functioning in schizophrenia. Comprehensive Psychiatry 45 (2004) 392-400
16. Buckley P. Schizophrenia research-The problem of controls. Biological Psychiatry 32 (1992) 215-217
17. Butters N., Delis D.C., and Lucas J.A. Clinical assessment of memory disorders in amnesia and dementia. Annual Review of Psychology 46 (1995) 493-523
18. Calhoun J.F. Effects of performance payoff and cues on recall by hospitalized schizophrenics. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 76 (1970) 485-491
19. Calhoun J.F., and Moss R.A. The role of level of functioning in the modification of psychological deficit in schizophrenics. Journal of Psychiatric Research 16 (1981) 205-211
20. Carter C.S. Applying new approaches from cognitive neuroscience to enhance drug development for the treatment of impaired cognition in schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Bulletin 31 (2005) 810-815
21. Cedrus. SuperLab Experimental Lab Software (Version 2.01) (1999), Author, San Pedro, CA
22. Conklin H.M., Curtis C.E., Calkins M.E., and Iacono W.G. Working memory functioning in schizophrenia patients and their first-degree relatives: Cognitive functioning shedding light on etiology. Neuropsychologia 43 (2005) 930-942
23. Cropley V.L., Fujita M., Innis R.B., and Nathan P.J. Molecular imaging of the dopaminergic system and its association with human cognitive function. Biological Psychiatry 59 (2006) 898-907
24. Crow T.J. Positive and negative schizophrenic symptoms and the role of dopamine. The British Journal of Psychiatry: The Journal of Mental Science 137 (1980) 383-386
25. Davis K.L., Kahn R.S., Ko G., and Davidson M. Dopamine in schizophrenia: A review and reconceptualization. The American Journal of Psychiatry 148 (1991) 1474-1486
26. Delis D.C., Kramer J.H., Kaplan E., and Ober B.A. California Verbal Learning Test-Second Edition (2000), Psychological Corporation, New York
27. Erhart S.M., Marder S.R., and Carpenter W.T. Treatment of schizophrenia negative symptoms: Future prospects. Schizophrenia Bulletin 32 (2006) 234-237
28. Erixon-Lindroth N., Farde L., Wahlin T.B., Sovago J., Halldin C., and Backman L. The role of the striatal dopamine transporter in cognitive aging. Psychiatry Research 138 (2005) 1-12
29. Fried I., Wilson C.L., Morrow J.W., Cameron K.A., Behnke E.D., Ackerson L.C., et al. Increased dopamine release in the human amygdala during performance of cognitive tasks. Nature Neuroscience 4 (2001) 201-206
30. Galeno R., Molina M., Guirao M., and Isoardi R. Severity of negative symptoms in schizophrenia correlated to hyperactivity of the left globus pallidus and the right claustrum: A PET study. The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry 5 (2004) 20-25
31. Gladsjo J.A., McAdams L.A., Palmer B.W., Moore D.J., Jeste D.V., and Heaton R.K. A six-factor model of cognition in schizophrenia and related psychotic disorders: Relationships with clinical symptoms and functional capacity. Schizophrenia Bulletin 30 (2004) 739-754
32. Goldberg T.E., Egan M.F., Gscheidle T., Coppola R., Weickert T., Kolachana B.S., et al. Executive subprocesses in working memory: Relationship to catechol-O-methyltransferase Val158Met genotype and schizophrenia. Archives of General Psychiatry 60 (2003) 889-896
33. Goldman-Rakic P.S. Targeting the dopamine D-1 receptor in schizophrenia: Insights for cognitive dysfunction. Psychopharmacology 174 (2004) 3-16
34. Goldman-Rakic P.S., and Selemon L.D. Functional and anatomical aspects of prefrontal pathology in schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Bulletin 23 (1997) 437-458
35. Gottesman I.I., and Gould T.D. The endophenotype concept in psychiatry: Etymology and strategic intentions. The American Journal of Psychiatry 160 (2003) 636-645
36. Green M.F. What are the functional consequences of neurocognitive deficits in schizophrenia?. The American Journal of Psychiatry 153 (1996) 321-330
37. Green M.F., Kern R.S., Braff D.L., and Mintz J. Neurocognitive deficits and functional outcome in schizophrenia: Are we measuring the "right stuff"?. Schizophrenia Bulletin 26 (2000) 119-136
38. Green M.F., Kern R.S., and Heaton R.K. Longitudinal studies of cognition and functional outcome in schizophrenia: Implications for MATRICS. Schizophrenia Research 72 (2004) 41-51
39. Green M.F., Satz P., Ganzell S., and Vaclav J.F. Wisconsin Card Sorting Test performance in schizophrenia: Remediation of a stubborn deficit. The American Journal of Psychiatry 149 (1992) 62-67
40. Heaton R.K. The Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (1981), Psychological Assessment Resources, Odessa, FL
41. Heinrichs R.W., and Zakzanis K.K. Neurocognitive deficit in schizophrenia: A quantitative review of the evidence. Neuropsychology 12 (1998) 426-445
42. Heinz A., Knable M.B., Coppola R., Gorey J.G., Jones D.W., Lee K.S., et al. Psychomotor slowing, negative symptoms and dopamine receptor availability-An IBZM SPECT study in neuroleptic-treated and drug-free schizophrenic patients. Schizophrenia Research 31 (1998) 19-26
43. Hellman S.G., Kern R.S., Neilson L.M., and Green M.F. Monetary reinforcement and Wisconsin Card Sorting performance in schizophrenia: Why show me the money?. Schizophrenia Research 34 (1998) 67-75
44. Heydebrand G., Weiser M., Rabinowitz J., Hoff A.L., DeLisi L.E., and Csernansky J.G. Correlates of cognitive deficits in first episode schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Research 68 (2004) 1-9
45. Juckel G., Schlagenhauf F., Koslowski M., Filonov D., Wüstenberg T., Villringer A., et al. Dysfunction of ventral striatal reward prediction in schizophrenic patients treated with typical, not atypical, neuroleptics. Psychopharmacology 187 (2006) 222-228
46. Juckel G., Schlagenhauf F., Koslowski M., Wüstenberg T., Villringer A., Knutson B., et al. Dysfunction of ventral striatal reward prediction in schizophrenia. NeuroImage 29 (2006) 409
47. Kaufman A., and Kaufman N. Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test Manual (1990), American Guidance Service, Circle Pines, MN
48. Kimberg D.Y., D'Esposito M., and Farah M.J. Effects of bromocriptine on human subjects depend on working memory capacity. Neuroreport 8 (1997) 3581-3585
49. Kurtz M.M., Moberg P.J., Gur R.C., and Gur R.E. Approaches to cognitive remediation of neuropsychological deficits in schizophrenia: A review and meta-analysis. Neuropsychology Review 11 (2001) 197-210
50. Lezak M.D., Howieson D.B., Loring D.W., Hannay H.J., and Fischer J.S. Neuropsychological assessment. 4th ed. (2004), Oxford University Press, New York
51. Liddle P.F. Schizophrenic syndromes, cognitive performance and neurological dysfunction. Psychological Medicine 17 (1987) 49-57
52. Liddle P.F., Ngan E.T., Duffield G., Kho K., and Warren A.J. Signs and Symptoms of Psychotic Illness (SSPI): A rating scale. The British Journal of Psychiatry: The Journal of Mental Science 180 (2002) 45-50
53. Lisman J.E., and Grace A.A. The hippocampal-VTA loop: Controlling the entry of information into long-term memory. Neuron 46 (2005) 703-713
54. Mattay V.S., Callicott J.H., Bertolino A., Heaton I., Frank J.A., Coppola R., et al. Effects of dextroamphetamine on cognitive performance and cortical activation. NeuroImage 12 (2000) 268-275
55. Mehta M.A., and Rimel R.W. Dopaminergic enhancement of cognitive function. Current Pharmaceutical Design 12 (2006) 2487-2500
56. Meyer-Lindenberg A., Miletich R.S., Kohn P.D., Esposito G., Carson R.E., Quarantelli M., et al. Reduced prefrontal activity predicts exaggerated striatal dopaminergic function in schizophrenia. Nature Neuroscience 5 (2002) 267-271
57. Milner B. Effects of different brain lesions on card sorting-Role of the frontal lobes. Archives of Neurology 9 (1963) 90-100
58. Minzenberg M.J., Poole J.H., Benton C., and Vinogradov S. Association of anticholinergic load with impairment of complex attention and memory in schizophrenia. The American Journal of Psychiatry 161 (2004) 116-124
59. Monchi O., Petrides M., Petre V., Worsley K., and Dagher A. Wisconsin Card Sorting revisited: Distinct neural circuits participating in different stages of the task identified by event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging. Journal of Neuroscience 21 (2001) 7733-7741
60. Moritz S., Krausz M., Gottwalz E., Lambert M., Perro C., Ganzer S., et al. Cognitive dysfunction at baseline predicts symptomatic 1-year outcome in first-episode schizophrenics. Psychopathology 33 (2000) 48-51
61. Mozley L.H., Gur R.C., Mozley P.D., and Gur R.E. Striatal dopamine transporters and cognitive functioning in healthy men and women. The American Journal of Psychiatry 158 (2001) 1492-1499
62. Nieoullon A., and Coquerel A. Dopamine: A key regulator to adapt action, emotion, motivation and cognition. Current Opinion in Neurology 16 Suppl 2 (2003) S3-S9
63. O'Leary D.S., Flaum M., Kesler M.L., Flashman L.A., Arndt S., and Andreasen N.C. Cognitive correlates of the negative, disorganized, and psychotic symptom dimensions of schizophrenia. The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences 12 (2000) 4-15
64. Owen A.M., McMillan K.M., Laird A.R., and Bullmore E. N-back working memory paradigm: A meta-analysis of normative functional neuroimaging studies. Human Brain Mapping 25 (2005) 46-59
65. Pantelis C., Harvey C.A., Plant G., Fossey E., Maruff P., Stuart G.W., et al. Relationship of behavioural and symptomatic syndromes in schizophrenia to spatial working memory and attentional set-shifting ability. Psychological Medicine 34 (2004) 693-703
66. Potkin S.G., Alva G., Fleming K., Anand R., Keator D., Carreon D., et al. A PET study of the pathophysiology of negative symptoms in schizophrenia. Positron emission tomography. The American Journal of Psychiatry 159 (2002) 227-237
67. Resnick S.M. Matching for education in studies of schizophrenia. Archives of General Psychiatry 49 (1992) 246
68. Revheim N., Schechter I., Kim D., Silipo G., Allingham B., Butler P., et al. Neurocognitive and symptom correlates of daily problem-solving skills in schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Research 83 (2006) 237-245
69. Robbins T.W. Chemistry of the mind: Neurochemical modulation of prefrontal cortical function. The Journal of Comparative Neurology 493 (2005) 140-146
70. Rund B.R., Melle I., Friis S., Larsen T.K., Midbøe L.J., Opjordsmoen S., et al. Neurocognitive dysfunction in first-episode psychosis: Correlates with symptoms, premorbid adjustment, and duration of untreated psychosis. The American Journal of Psychiatry 161 (2004) 466-472
71. Silver H., Feldman P., Bilker W., and Gur R.C. Working memory deficit as a core neuropsychological dysfunction in schizophrenia. The American Journal of Psychiatry 160 (2003) 1809-1816
72. Snitz B.E., MacDonald III A.W., and Carter C.S. Cognitive deficits in unaffected first-degree relatives of schizophrenia patients: A meta-analytic review of putative endophenotypes. Schizophrenia Bulletin 32 (2006) 179-194
73. Sponheim S.R., Steele V.R., and McGuire K.A. Verbal memory processes in schizophrenia patients and biological relatives of schizophrenia patients: Intact implicit memory, impaired explicit recollection. Schizophrenia Research 71 (2004) 339-348
74. Stuss D.T., Levine B., Alexander M.P., Hong J., Palumbo C., Hamer L., et al. Wisconsin Card Sorting Test performance in patients with focal frontal and posterior brain damage: Effects of lesion location and test structure on separable cognitive processes. Neuropsychologia 38 (2000) 388-402
75. Summerfelt A.T., Alphs L.D., Wagman A.M.I., Funderburk F.R., Hierholzer R.M., and Strauss M.E. Reduction of perseverative errors in patients with schizophrenia using monetary feedback. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 100 (1991) 613-616
76. Swanson C.L., Gur R.C., Bilker W., Petty R.G., and Gur R.E. Premorbid educational attainment in schizophrenia: Association with symptoms, functioning, and neurobehavioral measures. Biological Psychiatry 44 (1998) 739-747
77. Tabachnick B.G., and Fidell L.S. Using multivariate statistics. 5th ed. (2007), Allyn & Bacon, Boston
78. Tanaka S. Dopaminergic control of working memory and its relevance to schizophrenia: A circuit dynamics perspective. Neuroscience 139 (2006) 153-171
79. Taylor S.F., Welsh R.C., Wager T.D., Phan K.L., Fitzgerald K.D., and Gehring W.J. A functional neuroimaging study of motivation and executive function. NeuroImage 21 (2004) 1045-1054
80. Thornton A.E., Van Snellenberg J.X., Sepehry A.A., and Honer W.G. The impact of atypical antipsychotic medications on long-term memory dysfunction in schizophrenia spectrum disorder: A quantitative review. Journal of Psychopharmacology 20 (2006) 335-346
81. Toulopoulou T., Morris R.G., Rabe-Hesketh S., and Murray R.M. Selectivity of verbal memory deficit in schizophrenic patients and their relatives. American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B. Neuropsychiatric Genetics: The Official Publication of the International Society of Psychiatric Genetics 116 (2003) 1-7
82. Toulopoulou T., Rabe-Hesketh S., King H., Murray R.M., and Morris R.G. Episodic memory in schizophrenic patients and their relatives. Schizophrenia Research 63 (2003) 261-271
83. Van Snellenberg J.X., Torres I.J., and Thornton A.E. Functional neuroimaging of working memory in schizophrenia: Task performance as a moderating variable. Neuropsychology 20 (2006) 497-510
84. Volkow N.D., Gur R.C., Wang G.J., Fowler J.S., Moberg P.J., Ding Y.S., et al. Association between decline in brain dopamine activity with age and cognitive and motor impairment in healthy individuals. The American Journal of Psychiatry 155 (1998) 344-349
85. Vollema M.G., Geurtsen G.J., and van Voorst A.J. Durable improvements in Wisconsin Card Sorting Test performance in schizophrenic patients. Schizophrenia Research 16 (1995) 209-215
86. Watanabe M., Kodama T., and Hikosaka K. Increase of extracellular dopamine in primate prefrontal cortex during a working memory task. Journal of Neurophysiology 78 (1997) 2795-2798
87. Wechsler D. Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Third Edition (1997), Psychological Corporation, New York
88. Wechsler D. Wechsler Memory Scale-Third Edition (1997), Psychological Corporation, New York
89. Weinberger D.R. Implications of normal brain development for the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. Archives of General Psychiatry 44 (1987) 660-669
90. Wilk C.M., Gold J.M., McMahon R.P., Humber K., Iannone V.N., and Buchanan R.W. No, it is not possible to be schizophrenic yet neuropsychologically normal. Neuropsychology 19 (2005) 778-786
91. Williams G.V., and Castner S.A. Under the curve: Critical issues for elucidating D1 receptor function in working memory. Neuroscience 139 (2006) 263-276
92. Williams G.V., and Goldman-Rakic P.S. Modulation of memory fields by dopamine D1 receptors in prefrontal cortex. Nature 376 (1995) 572-575
93. Wittmann B.C., Schott B.H., Guderian S., Frey J.U., Heinze H.J., and Düzel E. Reward-related fMRI activation of dopaminergic midbrain is associated with enhanced hippocampus-dependent long-term memory formation. Neuron 45 (2005) 459-467
94. Wittorf A., Klingberg S., and Wiedemann G. Secondary verbal memory: A potential endophenotype of schizophrenia. Journal of Psychiatric Research 38 (2004) 601-612
95. Woodward T.S., Ruff C.C., Thornton A.E., Moritz S., and Liddle P.F. Methodological considerations regarding the association of Stroop and verbal fluency performance with the symptoms of schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Research 61 (2003) 207-214
96. Woodward T.S., Thornton A.E., Ruff C.C., Moritz S., and Liddle P.F. Material-specific episodic memory associates of the psychomotor poverty syndrome in schizophrenia. Cognitive Neuropsychiatry 9 (2004) 213-227