메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 7, Issue 9, 2007, Pages 1203-1211

Multiple sclerosis findings in the spinal cord

Author keywords

Atrophy; Demyelination; MRI; Multiple sclerosis; Spinal cord

Indexed keywords

BRAIN DAMAGE; DEMYELINATING DISEASE; DISEASE SEVERITY; HISTOPATHOLOGY; HUMAN; MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS; MYELOOPTIC NEUROPATHY; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; REVIEW; SPINAL CORD BIOPSY;

EID: 34548818498     PISSN: 14737175     EISSN: 17448360     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1586/14737175.7.9.1203     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (3)

References (89)
  • 2
    • 0032539887 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiple sclerosis presenting with a Brown-Sequard syndrome
    • Kraus JA, Stuper BK, Berlit P. Multiple sclerosis presenting with a Brown-Sequard syndrome. J. Neurol. Sci. 156(1), 112-113 (1998).
    • (1998) J. Neurol. Sci , vol.156 , Issue.1 , pp. 112-113
    • Kraus, J.A.1    Stuper, B.K.2    Berlit, P.3
  • 3
    • 0037335126 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiple sclerosis manifesting as a Brown-Sequard syndrome
    • Ozaki I, Suzuki C, Baba M, Matsunaga M. Multiple sclerosis manifesting as a Brown-Sequard syndrome. Eur. J. Neurol. 10(2), 190-191 (2003).
    • (2003) Eur. J. Neurol , vol.10 , Issue.2 , pp. 190-191
    • Ozaki, I.1    Suzuki, C.2    Baba, M.3    Matsunaga, M.4
  • 6
    • 0035282647 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiple sclerosis with secondary syringomyelia. An autopsy report
    • Matsuda M, Tabata K, Miki J et al. Multiple sclerosis with secondary syringomyelia. An autopsy report. J. Neurol. Sci. 184(2), 189-196 (2001).
    • (2001) J. Neurol. Sci , vol.184 , Issue.2 , pp. 189-196
    • Matsuda, M.1    Tabata, K.2    Miki, J.3
  • 7
    • 0025272269 scopus 로고
    • Noncommunicating syringomyelia in multiple sclerosis: Detection by magnetic resonance imaging
    • Ransohoff RM, Whitman GJ, Weinstein MA. Noncommunicating syringomyelia in multiple sclerosis: detection by magnetic resonance imaging. Neurology 40(4), 718-721 (1990).
    • (1990) Neurology , vol.40 , Issue.4 , pp. 718-721
    • Ransohoff, R.M.1    Whitman, G.J.2    Weinstein, M.A.3
  • 8
    • 0032844070 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiple sclerosis and non-communicating syringomyelia: A casual association or linked diseases?
    • Solaro C, Uccelli A, Gentile R et al. Multiple sclerosis and non-communicating syringomyelia: a casual association or linked diseases? Acta Neurol. Scand. 100(4), 270-273 (1999).
    • (1999) Acta Neurol. Scand , vol.100 , Issue.4 , pp. 270-273
    • Solaro, C.1    Uccelli, A.2    Gentile, R.3
  • 9
    • 33847060085 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expansile, enhancing cervical cord lesion with an associated syrinx secondary to demyelination. Case report and review of the literature
    • Waziri A, Vonsattel JP, Kaiser MG, Anderson RC. Expansile, enhancing cervical cord lesion with an associated syrinx secondary to demyelination. Case report and review of the literature. J. Neurosurg. 6(1), 52-56 (2007).
    • (2007) J. Neurosurg , vol.6 , Issue.1 , pp. 52-56
    • Waziri, A.1    Vonsattel, J.P.2    Kaiser, M.G.3    Anderson, R.C.4
  • 10
    • 0032471380 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiple sclerosis of the spinal cord: Diagnosis and follow-up with contrast-enhanced MR and correlation with clinical activity
    • Trop I, Bourgouin PM, Lapierre Y et al. Multiple sclerosis of the spinal cord: diagnosis and follow-up with contrast-enhanced MR and correlation with clinical activity. AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol. 19(6), 1025-1033 (1998).
    • (1998) AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol , vol.19 , Issue.6 , pp. 1025-1033
    • Trop, I.1    Bourgouin, P.M.2    Lapierre, Y.3
  • 11
    • 0029925782 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serial gadolinium-enhanced MRI of the brain and spinal cord in early relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis
    • Thorpe JW, Kidd D, Moseley IF et al. Serial gadolinium-enhanced MRI of the brain and spinal cord in early relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Neurology 46(2), 373-378 (1996).
    • (1996) Neurology , vol.46 , Issue.2 , pp. 373-378
    • Thorpe, J.W.1    Kidd, D.2    Moseley, I.F.3
  • 12
    • 28544436950 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diagnostic criteria for multiple sclerosis: 2005 revisions to the "McDonald Criteria
    • Polman CH, Reingold SC, Edan G et al. Diagnostic criteria for multiple sclerosis: 2005 revisions to the "McDonald Criteria". Ann. Neurol. 58(6), 840-846 (2005).
    • (2005) Ann. Neurol , vol.58 , Issue.6 , pp. 840-846
    • Polman, C.H.1    Reingold, S.C.2    Edan, G.3
  • 13
    • 0842325649 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spinal cord abnormalities in recently diagnosed MS patients: Added value of spinal MRI examination
    • Bot JC, Barkhof F, Polman CH et al. Spinal cord abnormalities in recently diagnosed MS patients: added value of spinal MRI examination. Neurology 62(2), 226-233 (2004).
    • (2004) Neurology , vol.62 , Issue.2 , pp. 226-233
    • Bot, J.C.1    Barkhof, F.2    Polman, C.H.3
  • 14
    • 0029932998 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spinal MRI in patients with suspected multiple sclerosis and negative brain MRI
    • Thorpe JW, Kidd D, Moseley IF et al. Spinal MRI in patients with suspected multiple sclerosis and negative brain MRI. Brain 119(Pt 3), 709-714 (1996).
    • (1996) Brain , vol.119 , Issue.PART 3 , pp. 709-714
    • Thorpe, J.W.1    Kidd, D.2    Moseley, I.F.3
  • 15
    • 0036202291 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differentiation of multiple sclerosis from other inflammatory disorders and cerebrovascular disease: Value of spinal MR imaging
    • Bot JC, Barkhof F, Lycklama a Nijeholt G et al. Differentiation of multiple sclerosis from other inflammatory disorders and cerebrovascular disease: value of spinal MR imaging. Radiology 223(1), 46-56 (2002).
    • (2002) Radiology , vol.223 , Issue.1 , pp. 46-56
    • Bot, J.C.1    Barkhof, F.2    Lycklama a Nijeholt, G.3
  • 16
    • 0035059818 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measurement of spinal cord area in clinically isolated syndromes suggestive of multiple sclerosis
    • Brex PA, Leary SM, O'Riordan JI et al. Measurement of spinal cord area in clinically isolated syndromes suggestive of multiple sclerosis. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. 70(4), 544-547 (2001).
    • (2001) J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr , vol.70 , Issue.4 , pp. 544-547
    • Brex, P.A.1    Leary, S.M.2    O'Riordan, J.I.3
  • 18
    • 1642430588 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prospective study of patients presenting with acute partial transverse myelopathy
    • Cordonnier C, de Seze J, Breteau G et al. Prospective study of patients presenting with acute partial transverse myelopathy. J. Neurol. 250(12), 1447-1452 (2003).
    • (2003) J. Neurol , vol.250 , Issue.12 , pp. 1447-1452
    • Cordonnier, C.1    de Seze, J.2    Breteau, G.3
  • 19
    • 0023870746 scopus 로고
    • Chronic progressive myelopathy: Its relation to the spinal progressive form of multiple sclerosis
    • Steiner I, Feir G, Soffer D, Pleet AB, Abramsky O. Chronic progressive myelopathy: its relation to the spinal progressive form of multiple sclerosis. Acta Neurol. Scand. 77(2), 152-157 (1988).
    • (1988) Acta Neurol. Scand , vol.77 , Issue.2 , pp. 152-157
    • Steiner, I.1    Feir, G.2    Soffer, D.3    Pleet, A.B.4    Abramsky, O.5
  • 20
    • 0027178418 scopus 로고
    • Transverse myelitis. Retrospective analysis of 33 cases, with differentiation of cases associated with multiple sclerosis and parainfectious events
    • Jeffery DR, Mandler RN, Davis LE. Transverse myelitis. Retrospective analysis of 33 cases, with differentiation of cases associated with multiple sclerosis and parainfectious events. Arch. Neurol. 50(5), 532-535 (1993).
    • (1993) Arch. Neurol , vol.50 , Issue.5 , pp. 532-535
    • Jeffery, D.R.1    Mandler, R.N.2    Davis, L.E.3
  • 21
    • 0035045410 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autonomic dysfunction in multiple sclerosis: Cervical spinal cord atrophy correlates
    • de Seze J, Stojkovic T, Gauvrit JY et al. Autonomic dysfunction in multiple sclerosis: cervical spinal cord atrophy correlates. J. Neurol. 248(4), 297-303 (2001).
    • (2001) J. Neurol , vol.248 , Issue.4 , pp. 297-303
    • de Seze, J.1    Stojkovic, T.2    Gauvrit, J.Y.3
  • 22
    • 0037355862 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Magnetic resonance imaging of the cervical spinal cord in multiple sclerosis - a quantitative T1 relaxation time mapping approach
    • Vaithianathar L, Tench CR, Morgan PS, Constantinescu CS. Magnetic resonance imaging of the cervical spinal cord in multiple sclerosis - a quantitative T1 relaxation time mapping approach. J. Neurol. 250(3), 307-315 (2003).
    • (2003) J. Neurol , vol.250 , Issue.3 , pp. 307-315
    • Vaithianathar, L.1    Tench, C.R.2    Morgan, P.S.3    Constantinescu, C.S.4
  • 23
    • 0347595377 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Volumetric quantitation by MRI in primary progressive multiple sclerosis: Volumes of plaques and atrophy correlated with neurological disability
    • Ukkonen M, Dastidar P, Heinonen T, Laasonen E, Elovaara I. Volumetric quantitation by MRI in primary progressive multiple sclerosis: volumes of plaques and atrophy correlated with neurological disability. Eur. J. Neurol. 10(6), 663-669 (2003).
    • (2003) Eur. J. Neurol , vol.10 , Issue.6 , pp. 663-669
    • Ukkonen, M.1    Dastidar, P.2    Heinonen, T.3    Laasonen, E.4    Elovaara, I.5
  • 24
    • 0029004984 scopus 로고
    • Multiple sclerosis in the spinal cord: MR appearance and correlation with clinical parameters
    • Tartaglino LM, Friedman DP, Flanders AE et al. Multiple sclerosis in the spinal cord: MR appearance and correlation with clinical parameters. Radiology 195(3), 725-732 (1995).
    • (1995) Radiology , vol.195 , Issue.3 , pp. 725-732
    • Tartaglino, L.M.1    Friedman, D.P.2    Flanders, A.E.3
  • 25
    • 0027722285 scopus 로고
    • Spinal cord MRI using multi-array coils and fast spin echo. II. Findings in multiple sclerosis
    • Kidd D, Thorpe JW, Thompson AJ et al. Spinal cord MRI using multi-array coils and fast spin echo. II. Findings in multiple sclerosis. Neurology 43(12), 2632-2637 (1993).
    • (1993) Neurology , vol.43 , Issue.12 , pp. 2632-2637
    • Kidd, D.1    Thorpe, J.W.2    Thompson, A.J.3
  • 26
    • 33644615649 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical, MRI, CSF and electrophysiological findings in different stages of multiple sclerosis
    • Rot U, Mesec A. Clinical, MRI, CSF and electrophysiological findings in different stages of multiple sclerosis. Clin. Neurol. Neurosurg. 108(3), 271-274 (2006).
    • (2006) Clin. Neurol. Neurosurg , vol.108 , Issue.3 , pp. 271-274
    • Rot, U.1    Mesec, A.2
  • 27
    • 0344873094 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relationship of brain and cervical cord volume to disability in clinical subtypes of multiple sclerosis: A three-dimensional MRI study
    • Lin X, Blumhardt LD, Constantinescu CS. The relationship of brain and cervical cord volume to disability in clinical subtypes of multiple sclerosis: a three-dimensional MRI study. Acta Neurol. Scand. 108(6), 401-406 (2003).
    • (2003) Acta Neurol. Scand , vol.108 , Issue.6 , pp. 401-406
    • Lin, X.1    Blumhardt, L.D.2    Constantinescu, C.S.3
  • 28
    • 34547732356 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Upper cervical spinal cord cross sectional area in relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis: Application of a new technique for measuring cross sectional area on magnetic resonance images
    • Mann R, Constantinescu C, Tench C. Upper cervical spinal cord cross sectional area in relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis: application of a new technique for measuring cross sectional area on magnetic resonance images. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 26(1), 61-65 (2007).
    • (2007) J. Magn. Reson. Imaging , vol.26 , Issue.1 , pp. 61-65
    • Mann, R.1    Constantinescu, C.2    Tench, C.3
  • 29
    • 33645657044 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Upper cervical cord area in early relapsingremitting multiple sclerosis: Cross-sectional study of factors influencing cord size
    • Rashid W, Davies GR, Chard DT et al. Upper cervical cord area in early relapsingremitting multiple sclerosis: cross-sectional study of factors influencing cord size. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 23(4), 473-476 (2006).
    • (2006) J. Magn. Reson. Imaging , vol.23 , Issue.4 , pp. 473-476
    • Rashid, W.1    Davies, G.R.2    Chard, D.T.3
  • 30
    • 33747425171 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cord atrophy separates early primary progressive and relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis
    • Bieniek M, Altmann DR, Davies GR et al. Cord atrophy separates early primary progressive and relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. 77(9), 1036-1039 (2006).
    • (2006) J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr , vol.77 , Issue.9 , pp. 1036-1039
    • Bieniek, M.1    Altmann, D.R.2    Davies, G.R.3
  • 31
    • 0031868819 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spinal cord atrophy and disability in MS: A longitudinal study
    • Stevenson VL, Leary SM, Losseff NA et al. Spinal cord atrophy and disability in MS: a longitudinal study. Neurology 51(1), 234-238 (1998).
    • (1998) Neurology , vol.51 , Issue.1 , pp. 234-238
    • Stevenson, V.L.1    Leary, S.M.2    Losseff, N.A.3
  • 32
    • 0041989798 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spinal cord atrophy and disability in multiple sclerosis over four years: Application of a reproducible automated technique in monitoring disease progression in a cohort of the interferon-β-1a (Rebif) treatment trial
    • Lin X, Tench CR, Turner B, Blumhardt LD, Constantinescu CS. Spinal cord atrophy and disability in multiple sclerosis over four years: application of a reproducible automated technique in monitoring disease progression in a cohort of the interferon-β-1a (Rebif) treatment trial. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. 74(8), 1090-1094 (2003).
    • (2003) J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr , vol.74 , Issue.8 , pp. 1090-1094
    • Lin, X.1    Tench, C.R.2    Turner, B.3    Blumhardt, L.D.4    Constantinescu, C.S.5
  • 33
    • 29644435309 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increasing cord atrophy in early relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: A 3 year study
    • Rashid W, Davies GR, Chard DT et al. Increasing cord atrophy in early relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: a 3 year study. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. 77(1), 51-55 (2006).
    • (2006) J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr , vol.77 , Issue.1 , pp. 51-55
    • Rashid, W.1    Davies, G.R.2    Chard, D.T.3
  • 34
    • 0031546081 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MR of the spinal cord in multiple sclerosis: Relation to clinical subtype and disability
    • Lycklama a Nijeholt GJ, Barkhof F, Scheltens P et al. MR of the spinal cord in multiple sclerosis: relation to clinical subtype and disability. AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol. 18(6), 1041-1048 (1997).
    • (1997) AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol , vol.18 , Issue.6 , pp. 1041-1048
    • Lycklama a Nijeholt, G.J.1    Barkhof, F.2    Scheltens, P.3
  • 35
    • 8944248824 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spinal cord atrophy and disability in multiple sclerosis. A new reproducible and sensitive MRI method with potential to monitor disease progression
    • Losseff NA, Webb SL, O'Riordan JI et al. Spinal cord atrophy and disability in multiple sclerosis. A new reproducible and sensitive MRI method with potential to monitor disease progression. Brain 119(Pt 3), 701-708 (1996).
    • (1996) Brain , vol.119 , Issue.PART 3 , pp. 701-708
    • Losseff, N.A.1    Webb, S.L.2    O'Riordan, J.I.3
  • 36
    • 0032955860 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Infratentorial atrophy on magnetic resonance imaging and disability in multiple sclerosis
    • Edwards SG, Gong QY, Liu C et al. Infratentorial atrophy on magnetic resonance imaging and disability in multiple sclerosis. Brain 122(Pt 2), 291-301 (1999).
    • (1999) Brain , vol.122 , Issue.PART 2 , pp. 291-301
    • Edwards, S.G.1    Gong, Q.Y.2    Liu, C.3
  • 37
    • 0035208389 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vivo assessment of the brain and cervical cord pathology of patients with primary progressive multiple sclerosis
    • Rovaris M, Bozzali M, Santuccio G et al. In vivo assessment of the brain and cervical cord pathology of patients with primary progressive multiple sclerosis. Brain 124(Pt 12), 2540-2549 (2001).
    • (2001) Brain , vol.124 , Issue.PART 12 , pp. 2540-2549
    • Rovaris, M.1    Bozzali, M.2    Santuccio, G.3
  • 38
    • 0030034570 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MRI dynamics of brain and spinal cord in progressive multiple sclerosis
    • Kidd D, Thorpe JW, Kendall BE et al. MRI dynamics of brain and spinal cord in progressive multiple sclerosis. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. 60(1), 15-19 (1996).
    • (1996) J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr , vol.60 , Issue.1 , pp. 15-19
    • Kidd, D.1    Thorpe, J.W.2    Kendall, B.E.3
  • 39
    • 0034024015 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • One year follow up study of primary and transitional progressive multiple sclerosis
    • Stevenson VL, Miller DH, Leary SM et al. One year follow up study of primary and transitional progressive multiple sclerosis. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. 68(6), 713-718 (2000).
    • (2000) J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr , vol.68 , Issue.6 , pp. 713-718
    • Stevenson, V.L.1    Miller, D.H.2    Leary, S.M.3
  • 40
    • 0142153157 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Primary progressive multiple sclerosis: A 5-year clinical and MR study
    • Ingle GT, Stevenson VL, Miller DH, Thompson AJ. Primary progressive multiple sclerosis: a 5-year clinical and MR study. Brain 126(Pt 11), 2528-2536 (2003).
    • (2003) Brain , vol.126 , Issue.PART 11 , pp. 2528-2536
    • Ingle, G.T.1    Stevenson, V.L.2    Miller, D.H.3    Thompson, A.J.4
  • 41
    • 0033985894 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A conventional and magnetization transfer MRI study of the cervial cord in patients with MS
    • Filippi M, Bozzali M. A conventional and magnetization transfer MRI study of the cervial cord in patients with MS. Neurology 54(1), 207-213 (2000).
    • (2000) Neurology , vol.54 , Issue.1 , pp. 207-213
    • Filippi, M.1    Bozzali, M.2
  • 42
    • 0033994893 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Magnetization transfer ratio of the spinal cord in multiple sclerosis: Relationship to atrophy and neurologic disability
    • Lycklama a Nijeholt GJ, Castelijns JA. Magnetization transfer ratio of the spinal cord in multiple sclerosis: relationship to atrophy and neurologic disability. J. Neuroimaging 10(2), 67-72 (2000).
    • (2000) J. Neuroimaging , vol.10 , Issue.2 , pp. 67-72
    • Lycklama a Nijeholt, G.J.1    Castelijns, J.A.2
  • 43
    • 0032934804 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Three dimensional MRI estimates of brain and spinal cord atrophy in multiple sclerosis
    • Liu C, Edwards S, Gong Q, Roberts N, Blumhardt LD. Three dimensional MRI estimates of brain and spinal cord atrophy in multiple sclerosis. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. 66(3), 323-330 (1999).
    • (1999) J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr , vol.66 , Issue.3 , pp. 323-330
    • Liu, C.1    Edwards, S.2    Gong, Q.3    Roberts, N.4    Blumhardt, L.D.5
  • 44
    • 7044260861 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The spinal cord in multiple sclerosis: Relationship of high-spatial-resolution quantitative MR imaging findings to histopathologic results
    • Bot JC, Blezer EL, Kamphorst W et al. The spinal cord in multiple sclerosis: relationship of high-spatial-resolution quantitative MR imaging findings to histopathologic results. Radiology 233(2), 531-540 (2004).
    • (2004) Radiology , vol.233 , Issue.2 , pp. 531-540
    • Bot, J.C.1    Blezer, E.L.2    Kamphorst, W.3
  • 45
    • 0033546908 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical and laboratory features of primary progressive and secondary progressive MS
    • Bashir K, Whitaker JN. Clinical and laboratory features of primary progressive and secondary progressive MS. Neurology 53(4), 765-771 (1999).
    • (1999) Neurology , vol.53 , Issue.4 , pp. 765-771
    • Bashir, K.1    Whitaker, J.N.2
  • 48
    • 25844436923 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Imaging spinal cord damage in multiple sclerosis
    • Rocca MA, Hickman SJ, Bo L et al. Imaging spinal cord damage in multiple sclerosis. J. Neuroimaging 15(4), 297-304 (2005).
    • (2005) J. Neuroimaging , vol.15 , Issue.4 , pp. 297-304
    • Rocca, M.A.1    Hickman, S.J.2    Bo, L.3
  • 49
    • 0042521064 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spinal-cord MRI in multiple sclerosis
    • Lycklama G, Thompson A, Filippi M et al. Spinal-cord MRI in multiple sclerosis. Lancet Neurol. 2(9), 555-562 (2003).
    • (2003) Lancet Neurol , vol.2 , Issue.9 , pp. 555-562
    • Lycklama, G.1    Thompson, A.2    Filippi, M.3
  • 50
    • 0035083892 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A modified protocol to improve the detection of enhancing brain and spinal cord lesions in multiple sclerosis
    • Silver NC, Good CD, Sormani MP et al. A modified protocol to improve the detection of enhancing brain and spinal cord lesions in multiple sclerosis. J. Neurol. 248(3), 215-224 (2001).
    • (2001) J. Neurol , vol.248 , Issue.3 , pp. 215-224
    • Silver, N.C.1    Good, C.D.2    Sormani, M.P.3
  • 51
    • 0032706874 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of three MR sequences for the detection of cervical cord lesions in patients with multiple sclerosis
    • Rocca MA, Mastronardo G, Horsfield MA et al. Comparison of three MR sequences for the detection of cervical cord lesions in patients with multiple sclerosis. AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol. 20(9), 1710-1716 (1999).
    • (1999) AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol , vol.20 , Issue.9 , pp. 1710-1716
    • Rocca, M.A.1    Mastronardo, G.2    Horsfield, M.A.3
  • 52
    • 0029841219 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spinal cord lesions in patients with multiple sclerosis: Comparison of MR pulse sequences
    • Hittmair K, Mallek R, Prayer D, Schindler EG, Kollegger H. Spinal cord lesions in patients with multiple sclerosis: comparison of MR pulse sequences. AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol. 17(8), 1555-1565 (1996).
    • (1996) AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol , vol.17 , Issue.8 , pp. 1555-1565
    • Hittmair, K.1    Mallek, R.2    Prayer, D.3    Schindler, E.G.4    Kollegger, H.5
  • 53
    • 14044255925 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measurement of cervical spinal cord cross-sectional area by MRI using edge detection and partial volume correction
    • Tench CR, Morgan PS, Constantinescu CS. Measurement of cervical spinal cord cross-sectional area by MRI using edge detection and partial volume correction. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 21(3), 197-203 (2005).
    • (2005) J. Magn. Reson. Imaging , vol.21 , Issue.3 , pp. 197-203
    • Tench, C.R.1    Morgan, P.S.2    Constantinescu, C.S.3
  • 54
    • 0037435526 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interferon-β-1a in primary progressive MS: An exploratory, randomized, controlled trial
    • Leary SM, Miller DH, Stevenson VL et al. Interferon-β-1a in primary progressive MS: an exploratory, randomized, controlled trial. Neurology 60(1), 44-51 (2003).
    • (2003) Neurology , vol.60 , Issue.1 , pp. 44-51
    • Leary, S.M.1    Miller, D.H.2    Stevenson, V.L.3
  • 55
    • 34250347276 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuromyelitis optica is distinct from multiple sclerosis
    • Weinshenker BG. Neuromyelitis optica is distinct from multiple sclerosis. Arch. Neurol. 64(6), 899-901 (2007).
    • (2007) Arch. Neurol , vol.64 , Issue.6 , pp. 899-901
    • Weinshenker, B.G.1
  • 56
    • 34250370880 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is neuromyelitis optica a distinct entity?
    • Roach ES. Is neuromyelitis optica a distinct entity? Arch. Neurol. 64(6), 906 (2007).
    • (2007) Arch. Neurol , vol.64 , Issue.6 , pp. 906
    • Roach, E.S.1
  • 57
    • 34250303892 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is neuromyelitis optica distinct from multiple sclerosis?: Something for "lumpers" and "splitters
    • Frohman EM, Kerr D. Is neuromyelitis optica distinct from multiple sclerosis?: something for "lumpers" and "splitters". Arch. Neurol. 64(6), 903-905 (2007).
    • (2007) Arch. Neurol , vol.64 , Issue.6 , pp. 903-905
    • Frohman, E.M.1    Kerr, D.2
  • 58
    • 34250323064 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuromyelitis optica is a variant of multiple sclerosis
    • Galetta SL, Bennett J. Neuromyelitis optica is a variant of multiple sclerosis. Arch. Neurol. 64(6), 901-903 (2007).
    • (2007) Arch. Neurol , vol.64 , Issue.6 , pp. 901-903
    • Galetta, S.L.1    Bennett, J.2
  • 59
    • 0033544397 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MRI and magnetization transfer imaging changes in the brain and cervical cord of patients with Devic's neuromyelitis optica
    • Filippi M, Rocca MA, Moiola L et al. MRI and magnetization transfer imaging changes in the brain and cervical cord of patients with Devic's neuromyelitis optica. Neurology 53(8), 1705-1710 (1999).
    • (1999) Neurology , vol.53 , Issue.8 , pp. 1705-1710
    • Filippi, M.1    Rocca, M.A.2    Moiola, L.3
  • 61
    • 0037094061 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Devic's neuromyelitis optica: Clinical, laboratory, MRI and outcome profile
    • de Seze J, Stojkovic T, Ferriby D et al. Devic's neuromyelitis optica: clinical, laboratory, MRI and outcome profile. J. Neurol. Sci. 197(1-2), 57-61 (2002).
    • (2002) J. Neurol. Sci , vol.197 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 57-61
    • de Seze, J.1    Stojkovic, T.2    Ferriby, D.3
  • 63
    • 0027208729 scopus 로고
    • Devic's neuromyelitis optica: A clinicopathological study of 8 patients
    • Mandler RN, Davis LE, Jeffery DR, Kornfeld M. Devic's neuromyelitis optica: a clinicopathological study of 8 patients. Ann. Neurol. 34(2), 162-168 (1993).
    • (1993) Ann. Neurol , vol.34 , Issue.2 , pp. 162-168
    • Mandler, R.N.1    Davis, L.E.2    Jeffery, D.R.3    Kornfeld, M.4
  • 64
    • 0036310181 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A role for humoral mechanisms in the pathogenesis of Devic's neuromyelitis optica
    • Lucchinetti CF, Mandler RN, McGavern D et al. A role for humoral mechanisms in the pathogenesis of Devic's neuromyelitis optica. Brain 125(Pt 7), 1450-1461 (2002).
    • (2002) Brain , vol.125 , Issue.PART 7 , pp. 1450-1461
    • Lucchinetti, C.F.1    Mandler, R.N.2    McGavern, D.3
  • 65
    • 34249711828 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Loss of aquaporin 4 in lesions of neuromyelitis optica: Distinction from multiple sclerosis
    • Misu T, Fujihara K, Kakita A et al. Loss of aquaporin 4 in lesions of neuromyelitis optica: distinction from multiple sclerosis. Brain 130(Pt 5), 1224-1234 (2007).
    • (2007) Brain , vol.130 , Issue.PART 5 , pp. 1224-1234
    • Misu, T.1    Fujihara, K.2    Kakita, A.3
  • 66
    • 0042512328 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiple sclerosis in the Japanese population
    • Kira J. Multiple sclerosis in the Japanese population. Lancet Neurol. 2(2), 117-127 (2003).
    • (2003) Lancet Neurol , vol.2 , Issue.2 , pp. 117-127
    • Kira, J.1
  • 68
    • 0026825639 scopus 로고
    • Multiple sclerosis in Hokkaido, the northernmost island of Japan: Prospective analyses of clinical features
    • Fukazawa T, Tashiro K, Hamada T et al. Multiple sclerosis in Hokkaido, the northernmost island of Japan: prospective analyses of clinical features. Intern. Med. 31(3), 349-352 (1992).
    • (1992) Intern. Med , vol.31 , Issue.3 , pp. 349-352
    • Fukazawa, T.1    Tashiro, K.2    Hamada, T.3
  • 69
    • 22144477852 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CSF pleocytosis and expansion of spinal lesions in Japanese multiple sclerosis with special reference to the new diagnostic criteria
    • Fukazawa T, Kikuchi S, Miyagishi R et al. CSF pleocytosis and expansion of spinal lesions in Japanese multiple sclerosis with special reference to the new diagnostic criteria. J. Neurol. 252(7), 824-829 (2005).
    • (2005) J. Neurol , vol.252 , Issue.7 , pp. 824-829
    • Fukazawa, T.1    Kikuchi, S.2    Miyagishi, R.3
  • 70
    • 0029910942 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Western versus Asian types of multiple sclerosis: Immunogenetically and clinically distinct disorders
    • Kira J, Kanai T, Nishimura Y et al. Western versus Asian types of multiple sclerosis: immunogenetically and clinically distinct disorders. Ann. Neurol. 40(4), 569-574 (1996).
    • (1996) Ann. Neurol , vol.40 , Issue.4 , pp. 569-574
    • Kira, J.1    Kanai, T.2    Nishimura, Y.3
  • 71
    • 0036844925 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pure optic-spinal form of multiple sclerosis in Japan
    • Misu T, Fujihara K, Nakashima I et al. Pure optic-spinal form of multiple sclerosis in Japan. Brain 125(Pt 11), 2460-2468 (2002).
    • (2002) Brain , vol.125 , Issue.PART 11 , pp. 2460-2468
    • Misu, T.1    Fujihara, K.2    Nakashima, I.3
  • 72
    • 33845439133 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interferon-β-1b exacerbates multiple sclerosis with severe optic nerve and spinal cord demyelination
    • Warabi Y, Matsumoto Y, Hayashi H. Interferon-β-1b exacerbates multiple sclerosis with severe optic nerve and spinal cord demyelination. J. Neurol. Sci. 252(1), 57-61 (2007).
    • (2007) J. Neurol. Sci , vol.252 , Issue.1 , pp. 57-61
    • Warabi, Y.1    Matsumoto, Y.2    Hayashi, H.3
  • 73
    • 33745858352 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Study of mitoxantrone for the treatment of recurrent neuromyelitis optica (Devic disease)
    • Weinstock-Guttman B, Ramanathan M, Lincoff N et al. Study of mitoxantrone for the treatment of recurrent neuromyelitis optica (Devic disease). Arch. Neurol. 63(7), 957-963 (2006).
    • (2006) Arch. Neurol , vol.63 , Issue.7 , pp. 957-963
    • Weinstock-Guttman, B.1    Ramanathan, M.2    Lincoff, N.3
  • 74
    • 16844366404 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An open label study of the effects of rituximab in neuromyelitis optica
    • Cree BA, Lamb S, Morgan K et al. An open label study of the effects of rituximab in neuromyelitis optica. Neurology 64(7), 1270-1272 (2005).
    • (2005) Neurology , vol.64 , Issue.7 , pp. 1270-1272
    • Cree, B.A.1    Lamb, S.2    Morgan, K.3
  • 75
    • 33747390099 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical and MRI features of Japanese patients with multiple sclerosis positive for NMO-IgG
    • Nakashima I, Fujihara K, Miyazawa I et al. Clinical and MRI features of Japanese patients with multiple sclerosis positive for NMO-IgG. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. 77(9), 1073-1075 (2006).
    • (2006) J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr , vol.77 , Issue.9 , pp. 1073-1075
    • Nakashima, I.1    Fujihara, K.2    Miyazawa, I.3
  • 76
    • 34249696440 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anti-aquaporin-4 antibody is involved in the pathogenesis of NMO: A study on antibody titre
    • Takahashi T, Fujihara K, Nakashima I et al. Anti-aquaporin-4 antibody is involved in the pathogenesis of NMO: a study on antibody titre. Brain 130(Pt 5), 1235-1243 (2007).
    • (2007) Brain , vol.130 , Issue.PART 5 , pp. 1235-1243
    • Takahashi, T.1    Fujihara, K.2    Nakashima, I.3
  • 77
    • 34249650146 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pattern-specific loss of aquaporin-4 immunoreactivity distinguishes neuromyelitis optica from multiple sclerosis
    • Roemer SF, Parisi JE, Lennon VA et al. Pattern-specific loss of aquaporin-4 immunoreactivity distinguishes neuromyelitis optica from multiple sclerosis. Brain 130(Pt 5), 1194-1205 (2007).
    • (2007) Brain , vol.130 , Issue.PART 5 , pp. 1194-1205
    • Roemer, S.F.1    Parisi, J.E.2    Lennon, V.A.3
  • 78
    • 34249687030 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heterogeneity of aquaporin-4 autoimmunity and spinal cord lesions in multiple sclerosis in Japanese
    • Matsuoka T, Matsushita T, Kawano Y et al. Heterogeneity of aquaporin-4 autoimmunity and spinal cord lesions in multiple sclerosis in Japanese. Brain 130(Pt 5), 1206-1223 (2007).
    • (2007) Brain , vol.130 , Issue.PART 5 , pp. 1206-1223
    • Matsuoka, T.1    Matsushita, T.2    Kawano, Y.3
  • 80
    • 0017799082 scopus 로고
    • The cervical cord in multiple sclerosis
    • Oppenheimer DR. The cervical cord in multiple sclerosis. Neuropathol. Appl. Neurobiol. 4(2), 151-162 (1978).
    • (1978) Neuropathol. Appl. Neurobiol , vol.4 , Issue.2 , pp. 151-162
    • Oppenheimer, D.R.1
  • 81
    • 0033663894 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurological disability correlates with spinal cord axonal loss and reduced N-acetyl aspartate in chronic multiple sclerosis patients
    • Bjartmar C, Kidd G, Mork S, Rudick R, Trapp BD. Neurological disability correlates with spinal cord axonal loss and reduced N-acetyl aspartate in chronic multiple sclerosis patients. Ann. Neurol. 48(6), 893-901 (2000).
    • (2000) Ann. Neurol , vol.48 , Issue.6 , pp. 893-901
    • Bjartmar, C.1    Kidd, G.2    Mork, S.3    Rudick, R.4    Trapp, B.D.5
  • 82
    • 33745115644 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The contribution of demyelination to axonal loss in multiple sclerosis
    • DeLuca GC, Williams K, Evangelou N, Ebers GC, Esiri MM. The contribution of demyelination to axonal loss in multiple sclerosis. Brain 129(Pt 6), 1507-1516 (2006).
    • (2006) Brain , vol.129 , Issue.PART 6 , pp. 1507-1516
    • DeLuca, G.C.1    Williams, K.2    Evangelou, N.3    Ebers, G.C.4    Esiri, M.M.5
  • 83
    • 2442555263 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Axonal loss in multiple sclerosis: A pathological survey of the corticospinal and sensory tracts
    • DeLuca GC, Ebers GC, Esiri MM. Axonal loss in multiple sclerosis: a pathological survey of the corticospinal and sensory tracts. Brain 127(Pt 5), 1009-1018 (2004).
    • (2004) Brain , vol.127 , Issue.PART 5 , pp. 1009-1018
    • DeLuca, G.C.1    Ebers, G.C.2    Esiri, M.M.3
  • 84
    • 33746792723 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spinal cord gray matter demyelination in multiple sclerosis-a novel pattern of residual plaque morphology
    • Gilmore CP, Bo L, Owens T et al. Spinal cord gray matter demyelination in multiple sclerosis-a novel pattern of residual plaque morphology. Brain Pathol. 16(3), 202-208 (2006).
    • (2006) Brain Pathol , vol.16 , Issue.3 , pp. 202-208
    • Gilmore, C.P.1    Bo, L.2    Owens, T.3
  • 85
    • 28944442268 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spinal cord atrophy in multiple sclerosis caused by white matter volume loss
    • Gilmore CP, DeLuca GC, Bo L et al. Spinal cord atrophy in multiple sclerosis caused by white matter volume loss. Arch. Neurol. 62(12), 1859-1862 (2005).
    • (2005) Arch. Neurol , vol.62 , Issue.12 , pp. 1859-1862
    • Gilmore, C.P.1    DeLuca, G.C.2    Bo, L.3
  • 86
    • 0033372792 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spinal cord axonal loss in multiple sclerosis: A post-mortem study
    • Ganter P, Prince C, Esiri MM. Spinal cord axonal loss in multiple sclerosis: a post-mortem study. Neuropathol. Appl. Neurobiol. 25(6), 459-467 (1999).
    • (1999) Neuropathol. Appl. Neurobiol , vol.25 , Issue.6 , pp. 459-467
    • Ganter, P.1    Prince, C.2    Esiri, M.M.3
  • 87
    • 0342288638 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Axonal changes in chronic demyelinated cervical spinal cord plaques
    • Lovas G, Szilagyi N, Majtenyi K, Palkovits M, Komoly S. Axonal changes in chronic demyelinated cervical spinal cord plaques. Brain 123(Pt 2), 308-317 (2000).
    • (2000) Brain , vol.123 , Issue.PART 2 , pp. 308-317
    • Lovas, G.1    Szilagyi, N.2    Majtenyi, K.3    Palkovits, M.4    Komoly, S.5
  • 88
    • 11244305515 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pathological study of spinal cord atrophy in multiple sclerosis suggests limited role of local lesions
    • Evangelou N, DeLuca GC, Owens T, Esiri MM. Pathological study of spinal cord atrophy in multiple sclerosis suggests limited role of local lesions. Brain 128(Pt 1), 29-34 (2005).
    • (2005) Brain , vol.128 , Issue.PART 1 , pp. 29-34
    • Evangelou, N.1    DeLuca, G.C.2    Owens, T.3    Esiri, M.M.4
  • 89
    • 0035187730 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Post-mortem high-resolution MRI of the spinal cord in multiple sclerosis: A correlative study with conventional MRI, histopathology and clinical phenotype
    • Nijeholt GJ, Bergers E, Kamphorst W et al. Post-mortem high-resolution MRI of the spinal cord in multiple sclerosis: a correlative study with conventional MRI, histopathology and clinical phenotype. Brain 124(Pt 1), 154-166 (2001).
    • (2001) Brain , vol.124 , Issue.PART 1 , pp. 154-166
    • Nijeholt, G.J.1    Bergers, E.2    Kamphorst, W.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.