Sequence analysis of the equid herpesvirus 2 chemokine receptor homologues E1, ORF74 and E6 demonstrates high sequence divergence between field isolates

Journal of General Virology

Volumn 88, Issue 9, 2007, Pages 2450-2462

  Sharp, Emma L ^a   Farrell, Helen E ^a,b   Borchers, Kerstin ^c   Holmes, Edward C ^d   Davis Poynter, Nicholas J ^a,b  

^a ANIMAL HEALTH TRUST   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF QUEENSLAND   (Australia)

^c FREIE UNIVERSITÄT BERLIN   (Germany)

^d PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CHEMOKINE RECEPTOR; GLYCOPROTEIN E1; MEMBRANE RECEPTOR; PROTEIN E6; PROTEIN ORF74; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

AMINO TERMINAL SEQUENCE; ANIMAL CELL; ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; EMBRYO; EQUINE HERPES VIRUS; GENE IDENTIFICATION; GENE MUTATION; GENETIC CODE; GENETIC CONSERVATION; GENETIC LINKAGE; GENETIC VARIABILITY; GENOTYPE; NONHUMAN; NUCLEIC ACID BASE SUBSTITUTION; NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE; OPEN READING FRAME; PHYLOGENY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN DOMAIN; SEQUENCE ANALYSIS; SEQUENCE HOMOLOGY; VIRUS STRAIN;

AMINO ACID SEQUENCE; ANIMALS; CELL CULTURE TECHNIQUES; CONSERVED SEQUENCE; DNA PRIMERS; DNA, VIRAL; MOLECULAR SEQUENCE DATA; OPEN READING FRAMES; PHYLOGENY; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; RECEPTORS, CHEMOKINE; RHADINOVIRUS; SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; SEQUENCE HOMOLOGY, AMINO ACID; VARIATION (GENETICS); VIRAL PROTEINS;

EQUID HERPESVIRUS 2; EQUIDAE; GAMMAHERPESVIRINAE;

EID: 34548231124     PISSN: 00221317     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.82942-0     Document Type: Article

References (61)

1. Ahuja, S. K. & Murphy, P. M. (1993). Molecular piracy of mammalian interleukin-8 receptor type B by herpesvirus saimiri. J Biol Chem 268, 20691-20694.
2. Ahuja, S. K., Gao, J. L. & Murphy, P. M. (1994). Chemokine receptors and molecular mimicry. Immunol Today 15, 281-287.
3. Arvanitakis, L., Geras-Raaka, E., Varma, A., Gershengorn, M. C. & Cesarman, E. (1997). Human herpesvirus KSHV encodes a constitutively active G-protein-coupled receptor linked to cell proliferation. Nature 385, 347-350.
4. Bais, C., Santomasso, B., Coso, O., Arvanitakis, L., Raaka, E. G., Gutkind, J. S, Asch, A. S., Cesarman, E., Gershengorn, M. C. & other authors (1998). G-protein-coupled receptor of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus is a viral oncogene and angiogenesis activator. Nature 391, 86-89.
5. Beisser, P. S., Vink C., Van Dam, J. G., Grauls, G., Vanherle, S. J. & Bruggeman, C. A. (1998). The R33 G protein-coupled receptor gene of rat cytomegalovirus plays an essential role in the pathogenesis of viral infection. J Virol 72, 2352-2363.
6. Beisser, P. S., Grauls, G., Bruggeman, C. A. & Vink C. (1999). Deletion of the R78 G protein-coupled receptor gene from rat cytomegalovirus results in an attenuated, syncytium-inducing mutant strain. J Virol 73, 7218-7230.
7. Beisser, P. S., Verzijl, D., Gruijthuijsen, Y. K., Beuken, E., Smit, M. J., Leurs, R., Bruggeman, C. A. & Vink C. (2005). The Epstein-Barr virus BILF1 gene encodes a G protein-coupled receptor that inhibits phosphorylation of RNA-dependent protein kinase. J Virol 79, 441-449.
8. Bell, S. A., Balasuriya, U. B., Gardner, I. A., Barry, P. A., Wilson, W. D., Ferraro, G. L. & MacLachlan, N. J. (2006). Temporal detection of equine herpesvirus infections of a cohort of mares and their foals. Vet Microbiol 116, 249-257.
9. Borchers, K., Wolfinger, U., Goltz, M., Broil, H. & Ludwig, H. (1997). Distribution and relevance of equine herpesvirus type 2 (EHV-2) infections. Arch Virol 142, 917-928.
10. Browning, G. F. & Studdert, M. J. (1987). Genomic heterogeneity of equine betaherpesviruses. J Gen Virol 68, 1441-1447.
11. Browning, G. F. & Studdert, M. J. (1989). Physical mapping of the genomic heterogeneity of isolates of equine herpesvirus 2 (equine cytomegalovirus). Arch Virol 104, 87-94.
12. Camarda, G., Spinetti, G., Bernardini, G., Mair, C., Davis-Poynter, N., Capogrossi, M. C. & Napolitano, M. (1999). The equine herpesvirus 2 E1 open reading frame encodes a functional chemokine receptor. J Virol 73, 9843-9848.
13. Chen, L., Pei, G. & Zhang, W. (2004). An overall picture of chemokine receptors: basic research and drug development. Curr Pharm Des 10, 1045-1055.
14. Collinson, P. N., O'Rielly, J. L., Ficorilli, N. & Studdert, M. J. (1994). Isolation of equine herpesvirus type 2 (equine gammaherpesvirus 2) from foals with keratoconjunctivitis. J Am Vet Med Assoc 205, 329-331.
15. Couty, J. P., Geras-Raaka, E., Weksler, B. B. & Gershengorn, M. C. (2001). Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus G protein-coupled receptor signals through multiple pathways in endothelial cells. J Biol Chem 276, 33805-33811.
16. Davis-Poynter, N. J. & Farrell, H. E. (1996). Masters of deception: a review of herpesvirus immune evasion strategies. Immunol Cell Biol 74, 513-522.
17. Davis-Poynter, N. J., Lynch, D. M., Vally, H., Shellam, G. R., Rawlinson, W. D., Barrell, B. G. & Farrell, H. E. (1997). Identification and characterization of a G protein-coupled receptor homolog encoded by murine cytomegalovirus. J Virol 71, 1521-1529.
18. Drummer, H. E., Reubel, G. H. & Studdert, M. J. (1996). Equine gammaherpesvirus 2 (EHV2) is latent in B lymphocytes. Arch Virol 141, 495-504.
19. Estep, R. D., Axthelm, M. K. & Wong, S. W. (2003). A G protein-coupled receptor encoded by rhesus rhadinovirus is similar to ORF74 of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus. J Virol 77, 1738-1746.
20. 5,6F motif in the rhodopsin ground state and during activation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 100, 2290-2295.
21. Gether, U. (2000). Uncovering molecular mechanisms involved in activation of G protein-coupled receptors. Endocr Rev 21, 90-113.
22. Govaerts, C., Blanpain, C., Deupi, X., Ballet S., Ballesteros, J. A., Wodak S. J., Vassart G., Pardo, L. & Parmentier, M. (2001). The TXP motif in the second transmembrane helix of CCR5. A structural determinant of chemokine-induced activation. J Biol Chem 276, 13217-13225.
23. Govaerts, C, Bondue, A, Springael, J. Y., Olivella, M., Deupi, X., Le Poul, E., Wodak, S. J., Parmentier, M., Pardo, L. & Blanpain, C. (2003). Activation of CCR5 by chemokines involves an aromatic cluster between transmembrane helices 2 and 3. J Biol Chem 278, 1892-1903.
24. Hall, T. A. (1999). BioEdit: a user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95/98/NT. Nucleic Acids Symp Ser 41, 95-98.
25. Holloway, S. A., Lindquester, G. J., Studdert M. J. & Drummer, H. E. (1999). Identification, sequence analysis and characterisation of equine herpesvirus 5 glycoprotein B. Arch Virol 144, 287-307.
26. Holloway, S. A., Lindquester, G. J., Studdert, M. J. & Drummer, H. E (2000). Analysis of equine herpesvirus 2 strain variation using monoclonal antibodies to glyucoprotein B. Arch Virol 145, 1699-1713.
27. Kakoola, D. N., Sheldon, J., Byabazaire, N., Bowden, R. J., Katongole-Mbidde, E., Schulz, T. F. & Davison, A. J. (2001). Recombination in human herpesvirus-8 strains from Uganda and evolution of the K15 gene. J Gen Virol 82, 2393-2404.
28. Kershaw, O., von Oppen, T., Glitz, F., Deegan, E., Ludwig, H. & Borchers, K. (2001). Detection of equine herpesvirus type 2 (EHV-2) in horses with keratoconjunctivitis. Virus Res 80, 93-99.
29. Kumar, S., Tamura, K., Jakobsen, I. B. & Nei, M. (2001). MEGA2: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis software. Bioinformatics 17, 1244-1245.
30. Michel, D., Milotic, I., Wagner, M., Vaida, B., Holl, J., Ansorge, R. & Mertens, T. (2005). The human cytomegalovirus UL78 gene is highly conserved among clinical isolates, but is dispensable for replication in fibroblasts and a renal artery organ-culture system. J Gen Virol 86, 297-306.
31. Mirzadegan, T., Benko, G., Filipek, S. & Palczewski, K. (2003). Sequence analyses of G-protein-coupled receptors: similarities to rhodopsin. Biochemistry 42, 2759-2767.
32. Murphy, P. M., Baggiolini, M., Charo, I. F., Hebert, C. A., Horuk, R., Matsushima, K., Miller, L. H., Oppenheim, J. J. & Power, C. A. (2000). International Union of Pharmacology. XXII. Nomenclature for chemokine receptors. Pharmacol Rev 52, 145-176.
33. Murray, M. J., Eichorn, E. S., Dubovi, E. J., Ley, W. B. & Cavey, D. M. (1996). Equine herpesvirus type 2: prevalence and seroepidemiology in foals. Equine Vet J 28, 432-436.
34. Norberg, P., Bergstrom, T., Rekabdar, E., Lindh, M. & Lilieqvist, J. A. (2004). Phylogenetic analysis of clinical herpes simplex virus type 1 isolates identified three genetic groups and recombinant viruses. J Virol 78, 10755-10764.
35. Nordengrahn, A., Rusvai, M., Merza, M., Ekstrom, J., Morein, B. & Belak, S. (1996). Equine herpesvirus type 2 (EHV-2) as a predisposing factor for Rhodococcus equi pneumonia in foals: prevention of the bifactorial disease with EHV-2 immunostimulating complexes. Vet Microbiol 51, 55-68.
36. Oliveira, S. A. & Shenk, T. E (2001). Murine cytomegalovirus M78 protein, a G protein-coupled receptor homologue, is a constituent of the virion and facilitates accumulation of immediate-early viral mRNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 98, 3237-3242.
37. Pagamjav, O., Sakata, T., Matsumura, T., Yamaguchi, T. & Fukushi, H. (2005). Natural recombinant between equine herpesviruses 1 and 4 in the ICP4 gene. Microbiol Immunol 49, 167-179.
38. Paulsen, S. J., Rosenkilde, M. M., Eugen-Olsen, J. & Kledal, T. N. (2005). Epstein-Barr virus-encoded BILF1 is a constitutively active G protein-coupled receptor. J Virol 79, 536-546.
39. Penfold, M. E., Schmidt, T. L., Dairaghi, D. J., Barry, P. A. & Schall, T. J. (2003). Characterization of the rhesus cytomegalovirus US28 locus. J Virol 77, 10404-10413.
40. Plummer, G. & Waterson, A. P. (1963). Equine herpes viruses. Virology 19, 412-416.
41. Plummer, G., Goodheart, C. R. & Studdert, M. J. (1973). Equine herpesviruses: antigenic relationships and deoxyribonucleic acid densities. Infect Immun 8, 621-627.
42. Pond, S. L. & Frost, S. D. (2005). Datamonkey: rapid detection of selective pressure on individual sites of codon alignments. Bioinformatics 21, 2531-2533.
43. Poole, L. J., Zong, J. C., Ciufo, D. M., Alcendor, D. J., Cannon, J. S., Ambinder, R., Orenstein, J. M., Reitz, M. S. & Hayward, G. S. (1999). Comparison of genetic variability at multiple loci across the genomes of the major subtypes of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus reveals evidence for recombination and for two distinct types of open reading frame K15 alleles at the right-hand end. J Virol 73, 6646-6660.
44. Purewal, A. S., Smallwood, A. V., Kaushal, A., Adegboye, D. & Edington, N. (1992). Identification and control of the cis-acting elements of the immediate early gene of equid herpesvirus type 1. J Gen Virol 73, 513-519.
45. Rasmussen, L., Geissler, A., Cowan, C., Chase, A. & Winters, M. (2002). The genes encoding the gCIII complex of human cytomegalovirus exist in highly diverse combinations in clinical isolates. J Virol 76, 10841-10848.
46. Rasmussen, L., Geissler, A. & Winters, M. (2003). Inter- and intragenic variations complicate the molecular epidemiology of human cytomegalovirus. J Infect Dis 187, 809-819.
47. Rizvi, S. M., Slater, J. D., Wolfinger, U., Borchers, K., Field, H. J. & Slade, A. J. (1997). Detection and distribution of equine herpesvirus 2 DNA in the central and peripheral nervous systems of ponies. J Gen Virol 78, 1115-1118.
48. Rosenkilde, M. M., Kledal, T. N., Hoist, P. J. & Schwartz, T. W. (2000). Selective elimination of high constitutive activity or chemokine binding in the human herpesvirus 8 encoded seven transmembrane oncogene ORF74. J Biol Chem 275, 26309-26315.
49. Rosenkilde, M. M., McLean, K. A., Hoist P. J. & Schwartz, T. W. (2004). The CXC chemokine receptor encoded by herpesvirus saimiri, ECRF3, shows ligand-regulated signaling through Gi, Gq, and G12/13 proteins but constitutive signaling only through Gi and G12/13 proteins. J Biol Chem 279, 32524-32533.
50. Rosenkilde, M. M., Kledal, T. N. & Schwartz, T. W. (2005). High constitutive activity of a virus-encoded seven transmembrane receptor in the absence of the conserved DRY motif (Asp-Arg-Tyr) in transmembrane helix 3. Mol Pharmacol 68, 11-19.
51. Sahagun-Ruiz, A., Sierra-Honigmann, A. M., Krause, P. & Murphy, P. M. (2004). Simian cytomegalovirus encodes five rapidly evolving chemokine receptor homologues. Virus Genes 28, 71-83.
52. Schynts, F., Meurens, F., Detry, B., Vanderplasschen, A. & Thiry, E. (2003). Rise and survival of bovine herpesvirus 1 recombinants after primary infection and reactivation from latency. J Virol 77, 12535-12542.
53. Smith, L. M., Shellam, G. R. & Redwood, A. J. (2006). Genes of murine cytomegalovirus exist as a number of distinct genotypes. Virology 352, 450-465.
54. Swofford, D. L. (2003). PAUP*: Phylogenetic Analysis Using Parsimony (*and other methods), version 4. Sunderland, MA: Sinauer Associates.
55. Telford, E. A., Studdert, M. J., Agius, C. T., Watson, M. S., Aird, H. C. & Davison, A. J. (1993). Equine herpesviruses 2 and 5 are gamma-herpesviruses. Virology 195, 492-499.
56. Telford, E. A., Watson, M. S., Aird, H. C., Perry, J. & Davison, A. J. (1995). The DNA sequence of equine herpesvirus 2. J Mol Biol 249, 520-528.
57. Thein, P. & Harti, G. (1976). Isolation of a reovirus from a horse with respiratory disease. Zentralbl Veterinarmed B 23, 698-701 (in German).
58. Wakeling, M. N., Roy, D. J., Nash, A. A. & Stewart, J. P. (2001). Characterization of the murine gammaherpesvirus 68 ORF74 product: a novel oncogenic G protein-coupled receptor. J Gen Virol 82, 1187-1197.
59. Welch, H. M., Bridges, C. G., Lyon, A. M., Griffiths, L. & Edington, N. (1992). Latent equid herpesviruses 1 and 4: detection and distinction using the polymerase chain reaction and co-cultivation from lymphoid tissues. J Gen Virol 73, 261-268.
60. Yang, T. Y., Chen, S. C., Leach, M. W., Manfra, D., Homey, B., Wiekowski, M., Sullivan, L., Jenh, C. H., Narula, S. K & other authors (2000). Transgenic expression of the chemokine receptor encoded by human herpesvirus 8 induces an angioproliferative disease resembling Kaposi's sarcoma. J Exp Med 191, 445-454.
61. Zong, J., Ciufo, D. M., Viscidi, R., Alagiozogiou, L., Tyring, S., Rady, P., Orenstein, J., Boto, W., Kalumbuja, H. & other authors (2002). Genotypic analysis at multiple loci across Kaposi's sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV) DNA molecules: clustering patterns, novel variants and chimerism. J Clin Virol 23, 119-148.