Evolution of medical treatment for endometriosis: Back to the roots?

Human Reproduction Update

Volumn 13, Issue 5, 2007, Pages 487-499

  Wieser, Fritz ^a,b   Cohen, Misha ^c   Gaeddert, Andrew ^d   Yu, Jie ^b   Burks Wicks, Carla ^e   Berga, Sarah L ^b   Taylor, Robert N ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF VIENNA   (Austria)

^b EMORY UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^c Institute for Health and Aging   (United States)

^d Health Concerns   (United States)

^e UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

Botanicals; CAM; Endometriosis; Herbs; Inflammation

Indexed keywords

ALPHA2B INTERFERON; ANGELICA EXTRACT; ANTIGESTAGEN; AROMATASE INHIBITOR; BUPLEURUM ROOT; CINNAMON EXTRACT; CORYDALIS EXTRACT; CURCUMA LONGA EXTRACT; DANAZOL; DIETHYLSTILBESTROL; ESTROGEN; GESTAGEN; GESTRINONE; GLYCYRRHIZA EXTRACT; GONADORELIN AGONIST; HERBACEOUS AGENT; MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASE INHIBITOR; MEDROXYPROGESTERONE ACETATE; MIFEPRISTONE; NAFARELIN; NONSTEROID ANTIINFLAMMATORY AGENT; PAEONIA RADIX; PLANT EXTRACT; PORIA COCOS EXTRACT; RECOMBINANT TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA; RHUBARB EXTRACT; THIAZOLIDINE DERIVATIVE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; UNINDEXED DRUG; VASCULOTROPIN INHIBITOR; WARFARIN;

ABDOMINAL DISTENSION; ACUPUNCTURE; ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE; ANALGESIC ACTIVITY; ANTIINFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY; ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY; APPETITE DISORDER; BLEEDING; BLOOD PRESSURE; CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DEPRESSION; CHINESE MEDICINE; CLINICAL TRIAL; CONSTIPATION; CORYDALIS; DIARRHEA; DIURESIS; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG MECHANISM; DRUG MEGADOSE; DRUG POTENTIATION; DRUG SAFETY; EDEMA; ENDOMETRIOSIS; HEADACHE; HEART RATE; HERB DRUG INTERACTION; HERBAL MEDICINE; HUMAN; HYPERTENSION; HYPOKALEMIA; HYPOTENSION; LD 50; LONG TERM CARE; METABOLIC DISORDER; NAUSEA AND VOMITING; NONHUMAN; PELVIS PAIN SYNDROME; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SEDATION; SIDE EFFECT; SODIUM RETENTION; TOXICITY TESTING; UNSPECIFIED SIDE EFFECT;

ANIMALS; ENDOMETRIOSIS; FEMALE; HERB-DRUG INTERACTIONS; HUMANS; MICE; PHYTOTHERAPY; PLANT PREPARATIONS; PLANTS, MEDICINAL;

EID: 34548136214     PISSN: 13554786     EISSN: 14602369     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmm015     Document Type: Review

References (171)

1. Adams BK, Ferstl EM, Davis MC, Herold M, Kurtkaya S, Camalier RF, Hollingshead MG, Kaur G, Sausville EA, Rickles FR et al. Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel curcumin analogs as anti-cancer and anti-angiogenesis agents. Bioorg Med Chem 2004;12:3871-3883.
2. Allen C, Hopewell S, Prentice A, Allen C. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for pain in women with endometriosis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2005:CD004753.
3. Amato P, Christophe S, Mellon PL. Estrogenic activity of herbs commonly used as remedies for menopausal symptoms. Menopause 2002;9 145-150.
4. Ammon HP. Boswellic acids in chronic inflammatory diseases. Planta Med 2006;72:1100-1116.
5. Amsterdam LL, Gentry W, Jobanputra S, Wolf M, Rubin SD, Bulun SE. Anastrazole and oral contraceptives: A novel treatment for endometriosis. Fertil Steril 2005;84:300-304.
6. Anderson FW, Johnson CT. Complementary and alternative medicine in obstetrics. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2005:91:116-124.
7. Astin JA, Pelletier KR, Marie A, Haskell WL. Complementary and alternative medicine use among elderly persons: One-year analysis of a Blue Shield Medicare supplement. J. Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2000; 55:M4-M9.
8. Attar E, Bulun SE. Aromatese and other steroidogenic genes in endometriosis: Translational aspects. Hum Reprod Update 2006;12 49-56.
9. Awwad JT, Sayegh RA, Tao XJ, Hassan T, Awwad ST, Isaacson K, The SCID mouse: An experimental model for endometriosis. Hum Reprod 1999; 14:3107-3111.
10. Badawy SZ, Etman A, Cuenca V, Montante A, Kaufman L. Effect of interferon alpha-2b on endometrioma cells in vitro. Obstet Gynecol 2001;98:417-420.
11. Ban HS, Lim SS, Suzuki K, Jung SH, Lee S, Lee YS, Shin KH, Ohuchi K. Inhibitory effects of furanocoumarins isolated from the roots of Angelica dahurica on prostaglandin E2 production. Planta Med 2003;69:408-412.
12. Barrier BF, Bates GW, Leland MM, Leach DA, Robinson RD, Propst AM. Efficacy of anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy in the treatment of spontaneous endometriosis in baboons. Fertil Steril 2004;81 Suppl 1): 775-779.
13. Bergqvist A, Bruse C, Carlberg M, Carlstrom K, Interleukin 1beta, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in endometriotic tissue and in endometrium. Fertil Steril 2001;75:489-495.
14. Berkley KJ, Rapkin AJ, Papka RE. The pains of endometriosis. Science 2005;308:1587-1589.
15. Boucher A, Lemay A, Akoum A. Effect of hormonal agents on monocyte chemotactic protein-1 expression by endometrial epithelial cells of women with endometriosis. Fertil Steril 2000;74:969-975.
16. Brown BG, Zhao XQ, Chait A, Fisher LD, Cheung MC, Morse JS, Dowdy AA, Marino EK, Bolson EL, Alanpovic P et al. Simvastatin and niacin, antioxidant vitamins, or the combination for the prevention of coronary disease. N Engl J Med 2001;345:1583-1592.
17. Burnett MA, Antao V, Black A, Feldman K, Grenville A, Lea R, Lefebvre G, Pinsonneault O, Robert M. Prevalence of primary dysmenorrhea in Canada. J Obstet Gynaecol Can 2005;27:765-770.
18. Butler EB, McKnight E. Vitamin E in the treatment of primary dysmenorrhoea. Lancet 1955;268:844-847.
19. Cai L, Shu Y, Xie H. Clinical and experimental study on the treatment of endometriosis with dan'e mixture. Zhongguo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi 1999;19:159-161.
20. Cai XS, Sun TW, Cai Z, Feng DY, Lu YD, Zhou CZ. 43 cases of endometriosis treated by traditional Chinese medicine. Shanhai Zhong Za Zhi 1982;4:12-13.
21. Cao EH, Liu XQ, Wang JJ, Xu NF. Effect of natural antioxidant tanshinone II-A on DNA damage by lipid peroxidation in liver cells. Free Radic Biol Med 1996;20:801-806.
22. Cao LX. Endometriosis as treated by traditional Chinese Medicine. J Am Coll Tradit Chin Med 1983;1:54-57.
23. Cao WG, Morin M, Metz C, Maheux R, Akoum A. Stimulation of macrophage migration inhibitory factor expression in endometrial stromal cells by interfeukin 1, beta involving the nuclear transcription factor NFkappaB. Biol Reprod 2005;73:565-570.
24. Chainani-Wu N. Safety and anti-inflammatory activity of curcumin: A component of tumeric (Curcuma longa). J Altern Complement Med 2003;9:161-168.
25. Chen J, Chen T. Chinese Medical Herbology and Pharmacology. City of Industry, CA. USA: Art of Medicine PressCity of Industry, CA, USA, 2004.
26. Chwalisz K, Perez MC, Demanno D, Winkel C, Schubert G, Elger W. Selective progesterone receptor modulator development and use in the treatment of leiomyomata and endometriosis. Endocr Rev 2005;26 423-438.
27. Cobellis L, Razzi S, De Simone S, Sartini A, Fava A, Danero S, Gioffre W, Mazzini M, Petraglia F. The treatment with a COX-2 specific inhibitor is effective in tbe management of pain related to endometriosis. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2004;116:100-102.
28. Comar KM, Kirby DF. Herbal remedies in gastroenterology. J Clin Gastroenterol 2005;39:457-468.
29. Corson SL, Bolognese RJ. Ibuprofen therapy for dysmenorrhea. J Reprod Med 1978;20:246-252.
30. Cox H, Henderson L, Wood R, Cagliarini G. Learning to take charge: women's experiences of living with endometriosis. Complement Ther Nurs Midwifery 2003;9:62-68.
31. Crosignani P, Olive D, Bergqvist A, Luciano A. Advances in the management of endometriosis: An update for clinicians. Hum Reprod Update 2006;12:179-189.
32. D'Hooghe TM. Clinical relevance of the baboon as a model for the study of endometriosis. Fertil Steril 1997;68:613-625.
33. Dai DY. 30 cases of endometriosis treated by taking Chiense herbs orally, externally, and by enema. Shanghai Zhing Yi Yao Za Zhi 1982;3:34-35.
34. de Boer JG, Quiney B, Walter PB, Thomas C, Hodgson K, Murch SJ, Saxena PK. Protection against aflatoxin-B1-induced liver mutagenesis by Scutellaria baicalensis. Mutat Res 2005;578:15-22.
35. De Smet PA. Herbal medicine in Europe - relaxing regulatory standards. N Engl J Med 2005;352:1176-1178.
36. Dedier J, Stampfer MJ, Hankinson SE, Willett WC, Speizer FE, Curhan GC. Nonnarcotic analgesic use and the risk of hypertension in US women. Hypertension 2002;40:604-608, discussion 601-603.
37. Deutch B. Menstrual pain in Danish women correlated with low n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid intake. Eur J Clin Nutr 1995;49 508-516.
38. Dogan E, Saygili U, Posaci C, Tuna B, Caliskan S, Altunyurt S, Saatli B. Regression of endometrial explants in rats treated with the cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor rofecoxib. Fertil Steril 2004;82 Suppl 3): 1115-1120.
39. Dolara P, Luceri C, Ghelardini C, Monserrat C, Aiolli S, Luceri F, Lodovici M, Menichetti S, Romanelli M N. Analgesic effects of myrrh. Nature 1996;379:29.
40. Eisenberg DM, Davis RB, Ettner SL, Appel S, Wilkey S, Van Rompay M, Kessler RC. Trends in alternative medicine use in the United States, 1990-1997: Results of a follow-up national survey. JAMA 1998; 280:1569-1575.
41. El-Ashmawy IM, Ashry KM, El-Nahas AF, Salama OM. Protection by turmeric and myrrh against liver oxidative damage and genotoxicity induced by lead acetate in mice. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2006;98 32-37.
42. Elinav E, Chajek-Shaul T. Licorice consumption causing severe hypokalemic paralysis. Mayo Clin Proc 2003;78:767-768.
43. Fazleabas AT. Brudney A, Gurates B, Chai D, Bulun S. A modified baboon model for endometriosis. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2002;955:308-317, discussion 340-302, 396-406.
44. Flaws B. Endometriosis, Infertility & Traditional Chinese Medicine: A Laywomens's Guide. Boulder, CO, USA: Blue Poppy Press, 1989.
45. Forman JP, Stampfer MJ, Curhan GC. Non-narcotic analgesic dose and risk of incident hypertension in US women. Hypertension 2005;46 500-507.
46. Foyouzi N, Berkkanoglu M, Arici A, Kwintkiewicz J, Izquierdo D, Duleba AJ. Effects of oxidants and antioxidants on proliferation of endometrial stromal cells. Fertil Steril 2004;8A(Suppl 3):1019-1022.
47. Friedlander RL. The treatment of endometriosis with Danazol. J Reprod Med 1973;10:197-199.
48. Fugh-Berman A, Kronenberg F. Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) in reproductive-age women: A review of randomized controlled trials. Reprod Toxicol 2003;17:137-152.
49. Furuhashi I, Iwata S, Shibata S, Sato T, Inoue H. Inhibition by licochalcone A, a novel flavonoid isolated from liquorice root, of IL-1beta-induced PGE2 production in human skin fibroblasts. J Pharm Pharmacol 2005;57:1661-1666.
50. Gambone JC, Mittman BS, Munro MG, Scialli AR, Winkel CA. Consensus statement for the management of chronic pelvic pain and endometriosis: proceedings of an expert-panel consensus process. Fertil Steril 2002;78:961-972.
51. Giner-Larza EM, Manez S, Giner-Pons RM, Carmen Recio M, Rios JL. On the anti-inflammatory and anti-phospholipase A(2) activity of extracts from lanostane-rich species. J Ethnopharmacol 2000;73:61-69.
52. Gokhale LB. Curative treatment of primary (spasmodic) dysmenorrhoea. Indian J Med Res 1996;103:227-231.
53. Harrison TR, Fauci AS. Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine. 14th edn. New York: McGraw-Hill, Health Professions DivisionNew York, 1998.
54. Hasegawa K, Ohashi Y, Ishikawa K, Yasue A, Kato R, Achiwa Y, Nishio E, Udagawa Y. Expression of cyclooxygenase-2 in uterine endometrial cancer and anti-tumor effects of a selective COX-2 inhibitor. Int J Oncol 2005;26:1419-1428.
55. Hong CH, Noh MS, Lee WY, Lee SK. Inhibitory effects of natural sesquiterpenoids isolated from the rhizomes of Curcuma zedoaria on prostaglandin E2 and nitric oxide production. Planta Med 2002; 68:545-547.
56. Hoskins JA. The occurrence, metabolism and toxicity of cinnamic acid and related compounds. J Appl Toxicol 1984;4:283-292.
57. Hou YZ, Zhao GR, Yang J, Yuan YJ, Zhu GG, Hiltunen R. Protective effect of Ligusticum chuanxiong and Angelica sinensis on endothelial cell damage induced by hydrogen peroxide. Life Sci 2004;75 1775-1786.
58. Hu GZ, Li XY. 48 cases with endometriosis treated by the principle of eliminating stagnation and blood stasis and ecchymosis. Shanghai Zhong Yi Yao Za Zhi 1995;2:38-40.
59. Hu Z, Yang Y, Ho PC, Chan SY, Heng PW, Chan E, Duan W, Koh HL, Zhou S. Herb-drug interactions: A literature review. Drugs 2005;65 1239-1282.
60. Huang K. The Pharmacology of Chinese Herbs, 2nd edn. USA: CRC Press, 1998.
61. Hurxthal LM, Smith AT. Treatment of endometriosis and other gynecologic conditions with large doses of estrogens. N Engl J Med 1952;247 339-343.
62. Huss U, Ringbom T, Perera P, Bohlin L, Vasange M. Screening of ubiquitous plant constituents for COX-2 inhibition with a scintillation proximity based assay. J Nat Prod 2002;65:1517-1521.
63. Ikegami F, Fujii Y, Ishihara K, Satoh T. Toxicological aspects of Kampo medicines in clinical use. Chem Biol Interact 2003;145 235-250.
64. Ishihara K, Kushida H, Yuzurihara M, Wakui Y, Yanagisawa T, Kamei H, Ohmori S, Kitada M. Interaction of drugs and Chinese herbs: pharmacokinetic changes of tolbutamide and diazepam caused by extract of Angelica dahurica. J Pharm Pharmacol 2000;52:1023-1029.
65. Jang MK, Sohn DH, Ryu JH. A curcuminoid and sesquiterpenes as inhibitors of macrophage TNF-alpha release from Curcuma zedoaria. Planta Med 2001;67:550-552.
66. Jin JL. 45 Cases of endometriosis treated by blood circulation promoting and stasis removing therapy and laboratory analysis for nail-fold microcirculation. Shanxi Zhongyi Za Zhi 1990;11:402-403.
67. Johnsen SP, Larsson H, Tarone RE, McLaughlin JK, Norgard B, Friis S, Sorensen HT. Risk of hospitalization for myocardial infarction among users of rofecoxib, celecoxib, and other NSAIDs: A population-based case-control study. Arch Intern Med 2005;165:978-984.
68. Joshi J, Ghaisas, S, Vaidya A, Vaidya R, Kamat DV, Bhagwat AN, Bhide S. Early human safety study of turmeric oil (Curcuma longa oil) administered orally in healthy volunteers. J Assoc Physicians India 2003;51:1055-1060.
69. Kang DG, Oh H, Sohn EJ, Hur TY, Lee KC, Kim KJ, Kim TY, Lee HS. Lithospermic acid B isolated from Salvia miltiorrhiza ameliorates schemia/reperfusion-induced renal injury in rats. Life Sci 2004; 75:1801-1816.
70. Kelly JP, Kaufman DW, Kelley K, Rosenberg L, Anderson TE, Mitchell AA. Recent trends in use of herbal and other natural products. Arch Intern Med 2005;165:281-286.
71. Kennedy S, Bergqvist A, Chapron C, D'Hooghe T, Dunselman G, Greb R, Hummelshoj L, Prentice A, Saridogan E. ESHRE guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of endometriosis. Hum Reprod 2005;20:2698-2704.
72. Kennedy S, Jin X, Yu H, Zhong S, Magill P, van Vliet T, Kistemaker C, Voors C, Pasman W. Randomized controlled trial assessing a traditional Chinese medicine remedy in the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea. Fertil Steril 2006;86:762-764.
73. Kenter MJ, Cohen AF. Establishing risk of human experimentation with drugs: Lessons from TGN1412. Lancet 2006;368:1387-1391.
74. Kimmatkar N, Thawani V, Hingorani L, Khiyani R. Efficacy and tolerability of Boswellia serrata extract in treatment of osteoarthritis of knee-a randomized double blind placebo controlled trial. Phytomedicine 2003;10:3-7.
75. Kistner RW. The use of newer progestins in the treatment of endometriosis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1958;75:264-278.
76. Knoops KT, de Grout LC, Kromhout D, Perrin AE, Moreiras-Varela O, Menotti A, van Staveren WA. Mediterranean diet, lifestyle factors, and 10-year mortality in elderly European men and women: The HALE project. JAMA 2004;292:1433-1439.
77. Kuboniwa S, Maemura S, Mimematsu M, Onishi K, Saigou F, Aruga F, Miwa Y. Mutagenicity studies of Kaishi-bukuryo-gan (TJ-25). Jpn Pharmacol Ther 1999;27:95-100.
78. Kumar A, Dhawan S, Hardegen NJ, Aggarwal BB. Curcumin (Diferuloylmethne) inhibition of tumor necrosis factor (TNF-mediated adhesion of monocytes to endothelial cells by suppression of cell surface expression of adhesion molecules and of nuclear factor-kappaB activation. Biochem Pharmacol 1998;55:775-783.
79. Kuohung W, Jones GL, Vitonis AF, Cramer DW, Kennedy SH, Thomas D, Hornstein MD. Characteristics of patients with endometriosis in the United States and the United Kingdom. Fertil Steril 2002;78 767-772.
80. Lao CD, Ruffin MTt, Normolle D, Heath DD, Murray SI, Bailey JM, Boggs ME, Crowell J, Rock CL, Brenner De. Dose escalation of a curcuminoid formulation. BMC Complement Altern Med 2006;6:10.
81. Lebovic DI, Mueller MD, Taylor RN. Immunobiology of endometriosis. Fertil Steril 2001;75:1-10.
82. Lebovic DI, Kir M, Casey CL. Peroxisome, proliferator-activated receptor-gamma induces regression of endometrial explants in a rat model of endometriosis. Fertil Steril 2004;82(Suppl 3):1008-1013.
83. Lee GI, Ha JY, Min KR, Nakagawa H, Tsurufuji S, Chang IM, Kim Y. Inhibitory effects of Oriental herbal medicines on IL-8 induction in lipopolysaccharide-activated rat macrophages. Planta Med 1995: 61:26-30.
84. Lemay A, Quesnel G. Potential new treatment of endometriosis: Reversible inhibition of pituitary-ovarian function by chronic intranasal administration of a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) agonist. Fertil Steril 1982;38:376-379.
85. Li XY. Method of kidney tonifying and stasis removing for 74 cases of endometriosis. Shanghai zhangyi za zhi 1991;7:20-21.
86. Li M, Handa S, Ikeda Y, Goto S. Specific inhibiting characteristics of tetramethylpyrazine, one of the active ingredients of the Chinese herbal medicine 'Chuanxiong,' on platelet thrombus formation under high shear rates. Thromb Res 2001;104:15-28.
87. Lichtenstein AH, Russell RM. Essential nutrients: Food or supplements? Where should the emphasis be? JAMA 2005;294351-358.
88. Lin YH Cao HJ, Fu FZ, Yue GQ. An approach to treatment of endometriosis by traditional medicine. Fujian Zhong yi Yao 1988;19:21-23.
89. Liu C, Shi W, Sun L, Zheng Q. Effects of radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae on visceral pain discharges in the posterior nucleus of the thalamus in cats. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 1990;15:112-115, 128.
90. Liu JX. Clinical study of the treatment of endometriosis with traditional Chinese medicine. Zhongguo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi 1994;14:337-339.
91. Liu DF, Zhao HFI, Shi YJ, Zheng ZM, Zhou T, Wang YQ. The treatment of endometriosis by "activating blood circulation". Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi 1983;3:207-209.
92. Liu J, Li X, Hu X. Clinical observations on treatment of endometriosis by tonifying kidney and removing blood stasis. Zhongguo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi 1998;18:145-147.
93. Liu DF, Wei W, Song LH. Protective effect of paeoniflorin on immunological liver injury induced by bacillus Calmette-Guerin plus lipopolysaccharide: Modulation of tumour necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 MRNA. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2006;33 332-339.
94. Lonn E, Bosch J, Yusuf S, Sheridan P, Pogue J, Arnold JK Ross C, Arnold A, Sleight P, Probstfield J et al. Effects of long-term vitamin E supplementation on cardiovascular events and cancer: A randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2005;293:1338-1347.
95. Maas JW, Calhaz-Jorge C, ter Riet G, Dunselman GA, de Goeij AF, Struijker-Boudier HA. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha but not interieukin-1 beta or interleukin-8 concentrations correlate with angiogenic activity of pentoneal fluid from patients with minimal to mild endometriosis. Fertil Steril 2001;75:180-185.
96. Maciocia G. Obstetrics and Gynecology in Chinese Medicine. New York, NY, USA: Churchill Livingstone, 1997.
97. Matsuzaki S, Canis M, Darcha C, Dallel R, 0kamura K, Mage G. Cyclooxygenase-2 selective inhibitor prevents implantation of eutopic endometrium to ectopic sites in rats. Fertil Steril 2004;82 1609-1615.
98. Mayorga M, lborra A, Estany S, Martinez. PM. Protective effect of vitamin E in an animal model of LPS-induced inflammation. Am J Reprod Immunol 2004;52:356-361.
99. Moing A, Salesses G, Saglio PH. Growth and the composition and transport of carbohydrate in compatible and incompatible peach/plum grafts. Tree Physiol 1987;3:345-354.
100. Mori T, Sakamoto S, Singtripop T, Park MK, Kato T, Kawashima S, Nagasawa H. Suppression of spontaneous development of uterine adenomyosis by a Chinese herbal medicine, keishi-bukaryo-gan, in mice. Planta Med 1993;59:308-311.
101. Mori T, Yamasaki S, Masui F, Matsuda M, Sasabe H. Zhou YF. Suppression of the development of experimentally induced uterine adenomyosis by a novel matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor, ONO-4817, in mice. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2001;226:429-433.
102. Moussaieff A, Fride E, Amar Z, Lev E.. Steinberg D, Gallily R, Mechoulam R. The Jerusalem Balsam: From the Franciscan Monastery in the old city of Jerusalem to Martindale 33. J Ethnopharmacol 2005.;101 16-26.
103. Murphy AA. Santanam N, Parthasarathy S. Endometriosis: A disease of oxidative stress? Semin Reprod Ehdocrinol 1998;16:263-273.
104. Nap AW, Dunselman GA, Griffioen AW, Mayo KH, Evers JL, Groothuis PG. Angiostatic agents prevent the development of endometriosis-like lesions in the chicken chorioallantoic membrane. Fertil Steril 2005;83 793-795.
105. Navarro Dde F, de Souza MM, Neto RA, Golin V, Niero R, Yunes RA, Delle Monache F, Cechinel Filho V. Phytochemical analysis and analgesic properties of Curcuma zedoaria grown in Brazil. Phytomedicine 2002;9:427-432
106. Noble LS, Takayama K, Zeitoun KM, Putman JM, Johns DA, Hinshelwood MM, Agarwal VR, Zhao Y, Carr BR, Bulen SE, I. Prostaglandin E2 stimulates aromatase expression in endometriosis-derived stromal cells. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1997;82:600-606.
107. Ohori K, Yamakoshi H, Tomizawa M, Shibuya M, Kakudo Y, Takahashi A, Takahashi S, Kato S, Suzuki T, Ishioka C et al. Synthesis and biological analysis of new curcumin analogues bearing an enhanced potential for the medicinal treatment of cancer. Mol Cancer Ther 2006;5:2563-2571.
108. Page RL, II, Lawrence JD. Potentiation of warfain by dong quai. Pharmacotherapy 1999;19:870-876.
109. Parazzini F, Chiaffarino F, Surface M, Chatenoud L, Cipriant S, Chiantera V, Benzi G, Fedele L. Selected food intake and risk of endometriosis. Hum Reprod 2004;19:1755-1799.
110. Park BY, Heo MY, Park H, Kim BP. Inhibition of TPA induced cyclooxygenase-2 expression and skin inflammation in mice by wogonin, a plant flavone from Scutellaria radix. Eur J Pharmacol 2001,425 153-157.
111. Perry PA, Dean BS, Krenzelok EP. Cinnamon oil abuse by adolescents. Vet Hum Toxicol 1990;32:162-164.
112. Prieto JM, Recio MC, Giner RM, Manez S, Giner-Larza EM, Rios JL. Influence of traditional Chinese anti-inflammatory medicinal plants on leukocyte and platelet functions. J Pharm Pharmacol 2003,55 1275-1282.
113. Proctor ML, Roberts H, Farquhar CM. Combined oral contraceptive pill (OCP) as treatment for primary dysmenorrhoea Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2001:CD002120.
114. Qu JZ. Wen hua. combined with ear-pressing therapy for the treatment of 54 endometriosis. Shanxi Zhongyi Za Zhi 1992;1:38-39.
115. Qu F, Zhou J, Ma B. The effect of Chinese herbs on the cytokines of rats with endometriosis. J Altern Complement Med 2005;11:627-630.
116. Qu F, Zhou J, Yang DX, Ma WG, Ma BZ. Effects of Yiweining Recipe on expressions of metalloproteinase-2 and cyclooxygenase-2 mRNAs in ectopic endometrium. of rats with eadometriosis. Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Xue Bao 2006;4:634-638.
117. Quiles JL, Mesa MD, Ramirez-Tortosa CL, Aguilera CM, Battino M, Gil A, Ramirez-Tortosa MC. Curcuma longa extract supplementation reduces oxidative stress and attenuates aortic fatty streak development in rabbits. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2002;22:1225-1231.
118. Reese KA, Reddy S, Rock JA. Endometriosis in an adolescent population: the Emory experience. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 1996;9 25-128.
119. Roberts CP, Murphy AA, Santanam N, Parthasarathy S. The effect of RU 496 and related compounds on cultured macrophage differentiation and function. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1996;175:248-257, discussion 257-249.
120. Ryan IP, Schriock ED, Taylor RN. Isolation, characterization, and comparison of human endometrial and endometriosis cells in vitro. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1994;78:642-649.
121. Scott DL, Kingsley GH. Tumor necrosis factor inhibitors for rheumatoid arthritis. N Engl J Med 2006;355:704-712.
122. Sekiya N, Kainuma M, Hikiami H, Nakagawa T, Kouta K, Shibahara N, Shimada Y, Terasawa K. Oren-gedoku-to and Keishi-bukuryo-gan-ryo inhibit the progression of atherosclerosis in diet-induced hypercholestesolemic rabbits. Biol Pharm Bull 2005 28:294-298.
123. Selak V, Farquhar C, Prentice A, Singla A. Danazol for pelvic pain associated with endometriosis.. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2001:CD000068.
124. Selvam C, Jachsk SM, Thilagavathi R, Chakraborti AK. Design, synthesis biological evaluation and molecular docking of curcumin analogues as. andoxidant, oyclooxygenase inhibitory and anti-inflammatory agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2005;15:1793-1797.
125. Shao GQ. Clinical and experimental research on 156 cases of endometriosis treated by therapy of promoting blood circulation and removing stasis. Shanghai Zhong Yi Yao Za Zhi 1980;3:4-6.
126. Shishodia S, Sethi G, Aggarwal BB. Curcumin: Getting back the roots. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2005 1056:206-217.
127. Siddiqui AM, Cui X. Wu R. Dong W, Zbou M, Hu M, Simnit HH, Wang P. The anti-inflammatory effect of curcumin in an experimental model of sepsis is mediated by up-regulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma. Crit Care Med 2006 34:1874-1882.
128. Stabelin HB, Gey KF, Eichhozer M, Ludin E, Bernasconi F, Thurneysen J, Brubacher G. Plasma antioxidant vitamins and subsequent cancer mortality, in the 12-year follow-up of the prospective Base Study, Am J Epidemiol 1991;133:766-775.
129. Stokstad E. Alternative medicine. Stephen Straus's impossible job. Science 2000;2881568-1570.
130. Sun A, Shoji M, Lu YJ, Liotta DC, Snyder JP. Synthesis of EF24-tripeptide chloromethyl ketone: A novel curcumin-related anticancer drug delivery system. J Med Chem 2006;49:3153-3158.
131. Syrovets T, Buchele B, Krauss C, Laumonnier Y, Simmet T. Acetyl-boswellic acids inhibit lipopolysaccharide mediated TNF-alpha induction in monocytes by direct interaction with IkappaB kinases. J Immunol 2005;174:498-506.
132. Takada Y, Bhardwaj A, Potdar P, Aggarwal BB. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents differ in their ability to suppress NF-kappaB activation, inhibition of expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and cyclin D1, and abrogation of tumor cell proliferation. Oncogene 2004;23 9247-9258.
133. Takasuna K. Kasai Y, Kitano Y, Mori K, Kobayashi R, Hagiwara T, Kakihata K, Hirohashi M, Nomura M, Nagai E et al. Protective effects of kampo medicines and baicalin against intestinal toxicity of a new anticancer camptothecin derivative, irinotecan hydrochloride (CPT-11), in rats. Jpn J Cancer Res 1995;86:979-994.
134. Tatsumi S, Mabuchi T, Abe T, Xu L, Minami T, Ito S. Analgesic effect of extracts of Chinese medicinal herbs Moutan cortex and Coicis semen on neuropathic pain in mice. Neurosci Lett 2004;370:130-134.
135. Temple NJ, Gladwin KK. Fruit, vegetables, and the prevention of cancer: research challenges. Nutrition 2003;19:467-470.
136. Tindle HA, Davis RB, Phillips RS, Eisenberg DM. Trends in use of complementary and alternative medicine by US adults: 1997-2002. Altern Ther Health Med 2005;11:42-49.
137. Tipton DA, Lyle B, Babich H, Dabbous M. In vitro cytotoxic and anti-inflammatory effects of myrrh oil on human gingival fibroblasts and epithelial cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2003;17:301-310.
138. Tsai HY, Lin YT, Tsai CH, Chen YF. Effects of paeoniflorin on the formalin-induced nociceptive behaviour in mice. J Ethnopharmacol 2001;75:267-271.
139. Tseng J, Chang JG. Suppression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1 beta, interleukin-6 and granulocyte-monocyte colony stimulating factor secretion from human monocytes by an extract of Poria cocos. Zhonghua Min Guo Wei Sheng Wu Ji Mian B Xue Za Zhi 1992; 25:1-11.
140. Tulandi T, Chen MF, Al-Took S, Watkin K. A study of nerve fibers and histopathology of postsurgical, postinfectious, and endometriosis-related adhesions. Obstet Gynecol 1998;92 766-768.
141. Tuttle RS, Marmelstein L, Trad T, Reddy S, Radley T. In vitro uterine response to tetramethylpyrazine, the active constituent of chung chong (a traditional Chinese medicine), Am J Obstet Gynecol 1989;161:1319-1323.
142. Van Dien M, Takahashi K, Mu MM, Koide N, Sugiyama T, Mori I, Yoshida T, Yokochi T. Protective effect of wogonin on endotoxin-induced lethal shock in. D-galactosamine-sensitized mice. Microbiol Immunol 2001;45:751-756.
143. Van Langendonckt A, Casanas-Roux F, Donnez J. Oxidative stress and peritoneal endometriosis. Fertil Steril 2002;77:861-870.
144. Vercellini P, Cortesi I, Crosignani PG. Progestins for symptomatic endometriosis: A critical analysis of the evidence. Fertil Steril 1997;68:393-401.
145. Vonkeman HE, Brouwers JR, van de Laar MA. Understanding the NSAID related risk of vascular events. BMJ 2006;332:895-898.
146. Wang DZ, Wang ZQ, Zhang ZF. Treatment of endometriosis with removing blood stasis and purgation method. Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi 1991;11:524-526, 515.
147. Wang D, Wang Z, Yu C. Endometriosis treated by the method of resolving blood stasis to eliminate obstruction in the lower-jiao. J Tradit Chin Med 1998;18:7-11.
148. Wei F, Zou S, Young A, Dubner R, Ron K. Effects of four herbal extract on adjuvant-induced inflammation and hyperalgesia in rats. J Altern Complement Med 1999;5:429-436.
149. Wieser F, Burks-Wicks C, Vigne J, Cohen M, Gaeddert A, Taylor R. Extracts from a traditional Chinese herbal remedy inhibit cell proliferation and induce apoptosis in human endometrial and endometriosis cells. In: Annual ASRM Meeting, Quebec, Canada, 2005a.
150. Wieser F, Burks-Wicks, C, Vigne JL, Cohen M, Gaeddert A, Taylor RN. An herbal remedy inhibits the expression of the chemokine regulated upon activation, normal T cell expressed, and secreted in endometriotic cells. In: World Conference of Endometriosis, Maastricht, Netherlands, 2005b.
151. Wieser F, Vigne JL, Ryan I, Homung D, Djalali S, Taylor RN. Sulindac suppresses nuclear factor-{kappa}B activation and RANTES gene and protein expression in endometrial stromal cells from women with endometriosis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2005c;90:641-6447.
152. Wilson ML, Murphy PA. Herbal and dietary therapies for primary and secondary dysmenorrhoea. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2001:CD002124.
153. Wojcikowski K, Johnson DW, Gobe G. Medicinal herbal extracts - renal firend of foe? Part two: Herbal extracts with potential renal benefits. Nephrology (Carlton) 2004a;9:400-405.
154. Wojcikowski K, Johnson DW, Gobe G. Medicinal herbal extracts - renal friend or foe? Part one: The toxicities of medicinal herbs. Nephrology (Carlton) 2004b;9:313-318.
155. Wolsko PM, Solondz DK, Phillips RS, Schachter SC, Eisenberg DM. Lack of herbal supplement characterization in published randomized controlled trials. Am J Med 2005;118:1087-1093.
156. Wong AL, Chan TY. Interaction between warfarin and the herbal product quilinggao. Ann Pharmacother 2003;37:836-838.
157. Wu Y, Hua L, Jin Y. Clinical study on endometrial ovarian cyst treated by integrated laparoscopy and Chinese herbal medicine. Zhongguo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi 2000;20:183-186.
158. Xie Y, Lu W, Cao S, Jiang X, Yin M, Tang W. Preparation, of bupleurum nasal spray and evaluation on its safety and efficacy. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2006;54:48-53.
159. Xu XY, Li LH, Wu LS, Zhao CL, Lin HY. Adjustment effect of Radix Astragalus and Radix Angelicae sinensis on TNF-alpha and bFGF on renal injury induced by ischemia reperfusion in rabbit. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2002;27:771-773.
160. Yang DX, Ma WG, Qu F, Ma BZ. Comparative study on the efficacy of Yiweining and Gestrinone for post-operational treatment of stage III endometriosis. Chin J Integr Med 2006a;12:218-220.
161. Yang JH, Chen MJ, Wu MY, Chen YC, Yang YS, Ho HN. Decreased suppression of interleukin-6 after treatment with medroxyprogesterone acetate and danazol in endometrial stromal cells of women with adenomyosis. Fertil Steril 2006b;86:1459-1465.
162. Yoshioka T, Fujii E, Endo M, Wada K, Tokunaga Y, Shiba N, Hohsho H, Shibuya H, Muraki T. Antiinflammatory potency of dehydrocurdione, a zedoary-derived sesquiterpene. Inflamm Res 1998;47:476-481.
163. Yu CQ, Wang DZ, Wang ZQ. Effect of endometriosis pill No. 2 on beta-endorphin and dynorphin in endometriosis. Zhongguo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi 1993;13:3, 7-9.
164. Yu CQ, Zhai MF, Yao RM. Effect of nei-yi recipe on plasma beta-endorphin levels during menstrual cycle in women with endometriosis. Zhongguo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi 1995;15:6-8.
165. Yu C, Liu Y, Peng X. IL-8 and LI-10 levels in endometriosis and regulated role of neiyifang on them. Zahongguo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi 2000;20:603-605.
166. Yuan CS, Mehendale SR, Wang CZ, Aung HH, Jiang T, Guan X, Shoyama Y. Effects of Corydalis yanhusuo and Angelicae dahuricae on cold pressor-induced pain in humans: A controlled trial. J Clin Pharmacol 2004;44:1323-1327.
167. Zhang Y, Hou G, Yue Y. The analgesic action of semen coicis on severe functional dysmenorrhea-a sequential trial observation. J Tradit Chin Med 2000;20:293-296.
168. Zhao D, Lebovic DI, Taylor RN. Long-term progestin treatment inhibits RANTES (regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted) gene expression in human endometrial stromal cells. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2002;87:2514-2519.
169. Zhou S, Koh HL, Gao Y, Gong ZY, Lee EJ. Herbal bioactivation: The good, the bad and the ugly. Life Sci 2004;74:935-969.
170. Zhou L, Zuo Z, Chow MS. Danshen: An overview of its chemistry, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, and clinical use. J Clin Pharmacol 2005;45:1345-1359.
171. Zhuang B, Xia GC. Correlation between treatment of syndrome differentiation and basic body tempaerture 21 cases of endometriosis. Shanxi Zhonyi Za Zhi 1990;11:537.