메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 10, Issue 5, 2007, Pages 615-619

Influence of ghrelin on food intake and energy homeostasis

Author keywords

Appetite; Energy homeostasis; Food intake; Ghrelin; Obesity

Indexed keywords

GHRELIN; GHRELIN VACCINE; HORMONE RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; LEPTIN; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; VACCINE;

EID: 34547878048     PISSN: 13631950     EISSN: 15353885     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/MCO.0b013e32829fb37c     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (41)

References (73)
  • 1
    • 0035843183 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A role for ghrelin in the central regulation of feeding
    • Nakazato M, Murakami N, Date Y, et al. A role for ghrelin in the central regulation of feeding. Nature 2001; 409:194-198.
    • (2001) Nature , vol.409 , pp. 194-198
    • Nakazato, M.1    Murakami, N.2    Date, Y.3
  • 2
    • 0035216623 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ghrelin enhances appetite and increases food intake in humans
    • Wren AM, Seal LJ, Cohen MA, et al. Ghrelin enhances appetite and increases food intake in humans. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2001; 86:5992-5995.
    • (2001) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.86 , pp. 5992-5995
    • Wren, A.M.1    Seal, L.J.2    Cohen, M.A.3
  • 3
    • 0035433977 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A preprandial rise in plasma ghrelin levels suggests a role in meal initiation in humans
    • Cummings DE, Purnell JQ, Frayo RS, et al. A preprandial rise in plasma ghrelin levels suggests a role in meal initiation in humans. Diabetes 2001; 50:1714-1719.
    • (2001) Diabetes , vol.50 , pp. 1714-1719
    • Cummings, D.E.1    Purnell, J.Q.2    Frayo, R.S.3
  • 4
    • 21344462845 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spontaneous 24-h ghrelin secretion pattern in fasting subjects: Maintenance of a meal-related pattern
    • Natalucci G, Riedl S, Gleiss A, et al. Spontaneous 24-h ghrelin secretion pattern in fasting subjects: maintenance of a meal-related pattern. Eur J Endocrinol 2005; 152:845-850.
    • (2005) Eur J Endocrinol , vol.152 , pp. 845-850
    • Natalucci, G.1    Riedl, S.2    Gleiss, A.3
  • 5
    • 33645961903 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gut peptides and the regulation of appetite
    • Huda MS, Wilding JP, Pinkney JH. Gut peptides and the regulation of appetite. Obes Rev 2006; 7:163-182.
    • (2006) Obes Rev , vol.7 , pp. 163-182
    • Huda, M.S.1    Wilding, J.P.2    Pinkney, J.H.3
  • 6
    • 0037456519 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The distribution and mechanism of action of ghrelin in the CNS demonstrates a novel hypothalamic circuit regulating energy homeostasis
    • Cowley MA, Smith RG, Diano S, et al. The distribution and mechanism of action of ghrelin in the CNS demonstrates a novel hypothalamic circuit regulating energy homeostasis. Neuron 2003; 37:649-661.
    • (2003) Neuron , vol.37 , pp. 649-661
    • Cowley, M.A.1    Smith, R.G.2    Diano, S.3
  • 7
    • 0035513696 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chronic central infusion of ghrelin increases hypothalamic neuropeptide Y and Agouti-related protein mRNA levels and body weight in rats
    • Kamegai J, Tamura H, Shimizu T, et al. Chronic central infusion of ghrelin increases hypothalamic neuropeptide Y and Agouti-related protein mRNA levels and body weight in rats. Diabetes 2001; 50:2438-2443.
    • (2001) Diabetes , vol.50 , pp. 2438-2443
    • Kamegai, J.1    Tamura, H.2    Shimizu, T.3
  • 8
    • 2542475178 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Orexigenic action of peripheral ghrelin is mediated by neuropeptide Y and agouti-related protein
    • Chen HY, Trumbauer ME, Chen AS, et al. Orexigenic action of peripheral ghrelin is mediated by neuropeptide Y and agouti-related protein. Endocrinology 2004; 145:2607-2612.
    • (2004) Endocrinology , vol.145 , pp. 2607-2612
    • Chen, H.Y.1    Trumbauer, M.E.2    Chen, A.S.3
  • 9
    • 33846597193 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Luquet S, Phillips CT, Palmiter RD. NPY/AgRP neurons are not essential for feeding responses to glucoprivation. Peptides 2007; 28:214-225.
    • Luquet S, Phillips CT, Palmiter RD. NPY/AgRP neurons are not essential for feeding responses to glucoprivation. Peptides 2007; 28:214-225.
  • 10
    • 34249829624 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Leptin suppresses ghrelin-induced activation of neuropeptide Y neurons in the arcuate nucleus via phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase- and phosphodiesterase 3-mediated pathway
    • This paper identifies the pathway through which ghrelin and leptin counteract in NPY neurons
    • Kohno D, Nakata M, Maekawa F, et al. Leptin suppresses ghrelin-induced activation of neuropeptide Y neurons in the arcuate nucleus via phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase- and phosphodiesterase 3-mediated pathway. Endocrinology 2007; 148:2251-2263. This paper identifies the pathway through which ghrelin and leptin counteract in NPY neurons.
    • (2007) Endocrinology , vol.148 , pp. 2251-2263
    • Kohno, D.1    Nakata, M.2    Maekawa, F.3
  • 11
    • 33846444351 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of ghrelin on circulating neuropeptide Y levels in humans
    • Coiro V, Saccani-Jotti G, Rubino P, et al. Effects of ghrelin on circulating neuropeptide Y levels in humans. Neuro Endocrinol Lett 2006; 27:755-757.
    • (2006) Neuro Endocrinol Lett , vol.27 , pp. 755-757
    • Coiro, V.1    Saccani-Jotti, G.2    Rubino, P.3
  • 12
    • 33845473302 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rapid changes in the sensitivity of arcuate nucleus neurons to central ghrelin in relation to feeding status
    • Scott V, McDade DM, Luckman SM. Rapid changes in the sensitivity of arcuate nucleus neurons to central ghrelin in relation to feeding status. Physiol Behav 2007; 90:180-185.
    • (2007) Physiol Behav , vol.90 , pp. 180-185
    • Scott, V.1    McDade, D.M.2    Luckman, S.M.3
  • 13
    • 0038521277 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypothalamic orexin neurons regulate arousal according to energy balance in mice
    • Yamanaka A, Beuckmann CT, Willie JT, et al. Hypothalamic orexin neurons regulate arousal according to energy balance in mice. Neuron 2003; 38:701-713.
    • (2003) Neuron , vol.38 , pp. 701-713
    • Yamanaka, A.1    Beuckmann, C.T.2    Willie, J.T.3
  • 14
    • 0037388790 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ghrelin-induced food intake is mediated via the orexin pathway
    • Toshinai K, Date Y, Murakami N, et al. Ghrelin-induced food intake is mediated via the orexin pathway. Endocrinology 2003; 144:1506-1512.
    • (2003) Endocrinology , vol.144 , pp. 1506-1512
    • Toshinai, K.1    Date, Y.2    Murakami, N.3
  • 15
    • 33748946416 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Peripheral ghrelin transmits orexigenic signals through the noradrenergic pathway from the hindbrain to the hypothalamus
    • Date Y, Shimbara T, Koda S, et al. Peripheral ghrelin transmits orexigenic signals through the noradrenergic pathway from the hindbrain to the hypothalamus. Cell Metab 2006; 4:323-331.
    • (2006) Cell Metab , vol.4 , pp. 323-331
    • Date, Y.1    Shimbara, T.2    Koda, S.3
  • 16
    • 0344407033 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Site-specific effects of ghrelin on the neuronal activity in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus
    • Riediger T, Traebert M, Schmid HA, et al. Site-specific effects of ghrelin on the neuronal activity in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus. Neurosci Lett 2003; 341:151-155.
    • (2003) Neurosci Lett , vol.341 , pp. 151-155
    • Riediger, T.1    Traebert, M.2    Schmid, H.A.3
  • 17
    • 33947325526 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • de Lartigue G, Dimaline R, Varro A, Dockray GJ. Cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript: stimulation of expression in rat vagal afferent neurons by cholecystokinin and suppression by ghrelin. J Neurosci 2007; 27:2876-2882. Ghrelin inhibits the anorexigenic effect of cholecystokinin at least in part through control of the nuclear localization of phospho-CREB (cAMP-response-element binding protein), identifying a new pathway involved in control of food intake.
    • de Lartigue G, Dimaline R, Varro A, Dockray GJ. Cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript: stimulation of expression in rat vagal afferent neurons by cholecystokinin and suppression by ghrelin. J Neurosci 2007; 27:2876-2882. Ghrelin inhibits the anorexigenic effect of cholecystokinin at least in part through control of the nuclear localization of phospho-CREB (cAMP-response-element binding protein), identifying a new pathway involved in control of food intake.
  • 18
    • 33646083934 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Peripheral ghrelin participates in glucostatic feeding mechanisms and in the anorexigenic signalling mediated by CART and CRF neurons
    • Solomon A, De Fanti BA, Martinez JA. Peripheral ghrelin participates in glucostatic feeding mechanisms and in the anorexigenic signalling mediated by CART and CRF neurons. Nutr Neurosci 2005; 8:287-295.
    • (2005) Nutr Neurosci , vol.8 , pp. 287-295
    • Solomon, A.1    De Fanti, B.A.2    Martinez, J.A.3
  • 19
    • 33749072870 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A role of the histaminergic system for the control of feeding by orexigenic peptides
    • Ishizuka T, Nomura S, Hosoda H, et al. A role of the histaminergic system for the control of feeding by orexigenic peptides. Physiol Behav 2006; 89:295-300.
    • (2006) Physiol Behav , vol.89 , pp. 295-300
    • Ishizuka, T.1    Nomura, S.2    Hosoda, H.3
  • 20
    • 0038031634 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Growth hormone secretagogue receptor expression in the cells of the stomach-projected afferent nerve in the rat nodose ganglion
    • Sakata I, Yamazaki M, Inoue K, et al. Growth hormone secretagogue receptor expression in the cells of the stomach-projected afferent nerve in the rat nodose ganglion. Neurosci Lett 2003; 342:183-186.
    • (2003) Neurosci Lett , vol.342 , pp. 183-186
    • Sakata, I.1    Yamazaki, M.2    Inoue, K.3
  • 21
    • 33646856625 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ghrelin receptors in rat and human nodose ganglia: Putative role in regulating CB-1 and MCH receptor abundance
    • Burdyga G, Varro A, Dimaline R, et al. Ghrelin receptors in rat and human nodose ganglia: putative role in regulating CB-1 and MCH receptor abundance. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2006; 290:G1289-G1297.
    • (2006) Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol , vol.290
    • Burdyga, G.1    Varro, A.2    Dimaline, R.3
  • 22
    • 0036787457 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of the gastric afferent vagal nerve in ghrelin-induced feeding and growth hormone secretion in rats
    • Date Y, Murakami N, Toshinai K, et al. The role of the gastric afferent vagal nerve in ghrelin-induced feeding and growth hormone secretion in rats. Gastroenterology 2002; 123:1120-1128.
    • (2002) Gastroenterology , vol.123 , pp. 1120-1128
    • Date, Y.1    Murakami, N.2    Toshinai, K.3
  • 23
    • 23844456555 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ghrelin does not stimulate food intake in patients with surgical procedures involving vagotomy
    • le Roux CW, Neary NM, Halsey TJ, et al. Ghrelin does not stimulate food intake in patients with surgical procedures involving vagotomy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2005; 90:4521-4524.
    • (2005) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.90 , pp. 4521-4524
    • le Roux, C.W.1    Neary, N.M.2    Halsey, T.J.3
  • 24
    • 33751120393 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gut vagal afferents are not necessary for the eating-stimulatory effect of intraperitoneally injected ghrelin in the rat
    • Arnold M, Mura A, Langhans W, Geary N. Gut vagal afferents are not necessary for the eating-stimulatory effect of intraperitoneally injected ghrelin in the rat. J Neurosci 2006; 26:11052-11060.
    • (2006) J Neurosci , vol.26 , pp. 11052-11060
    • Arnold, M.1    Mura, A.2    Langhans, W.3    Geary, N.4
  • 25
    • 0346494433 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ghrelin levels in obesity and anorexia nervosa: Effect of weight reduction or recuperation
    • Soriano-Guillen L, Barrios V, Campos-Barros A, Argente J. Ghrelin levels in obesity and anorexia nervosa: effect of weight reduction or recuperation. J Pediatr 2004; 144:36-42.
    • (2004) J Pediatr , vol.144 , pp. 36-42
    • Soriano-Guillen, L.1    Barrios, V.2    Campos-Barros, A.3    Argente, J.4
  • 27
    • 33947590069 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Elevated serum acylated (biologically active) ghrelin and resistin levels associate with pregnancy-induced weight gain and insulin resistance
    • Palik E, Baranyi E, Melczer Z, et al. Elevated serum acylated (biologically active) ghrelin and resistin levels associate with pregnancy-induced weight gain and insulin resistance. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2007; 76:351-357.
    • (2007) Diabetes Res Clin Pract , vol.76 , pp. 351-357
    • Palik, E.1    Baranyi, E.2    Melczer, Z.3
  • 28
    • 33645214469 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early effects of olanzapine on serum levels of ghrelin, adiponectin and leptin in patients with schizophrenia
    • Hosojima H, Togo T, Odawara T, et al. Early effects of olanzapine on serum levels of ghrelin, adiponectin and leptin in patients with schizophrenia. J Psychopharmacol 2006; 20:75-79.
    • (2006) J Psychopharmacol , vol.20 , pp. 75-79
    • Hosojima, H.1    Togo, T.2    Odawara, T.3
  • 29
    • 25144497560 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High-fat diet-induced ultradian leptin and insulin hypersecretion are absent in obesity-resistant rats
    • Otukonyong EE, Dube MG, Torto R, et al. High-fat diet-induced ultradian leptin and insulin hypersecretion are absent in obesity-resistant rats. Obes Res 2005; 13:991-999.
    • (2005) Obes Res , vol.13 , pp. 991-999
    • Otukonyong, E.E.1    Dube, M.G.2    Torto, R.3
  • 30
    • 33846567516 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in 24-h area-under-the-curve ghrelin values following diet-induced weight loss are associated with loss of fat-free mass, but not with changes in fat mass, insulin levels or insulin sensitivity
    • Lond, After diet-induced weight loss, changes in ghrelin levels might be a signal reflecting changes in fat-free mass to the hypothalamus
    • Purnell JQ, Cummings D, Weigle DS. Changes in 24-h area-under-the-curve ghrelin values following diet-induced weight loss are associated with loss of fat-free mass, but not with changes in fat mass, insulin levels or insulin sensitivity. Int J Obes (Lond) 2007; 31:385-389. After diet-induced weight loss, changes in ghrelin levels might be a signal reflecting changes in fat-free mass to the hypothalamus.
    • (2007) Int J Obes , vol.31 , pp. 385-389
    • Purnell, J.Q.1    Cummings, D.2    Weigle, D.S.3
  • 31
    • 33846847617 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exercise and humoral mediators of peripheral energy balance: Ghrelin and adiponectin
    • Kraemer RR, Castracane VD. Exercise and humoral mediators of peripheral energy balance: ghrelin and adiponectin. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2007; 232:184-194.
    • (2007) Exp Biol Med (Maywood) , vol.232 , pp. 184-194
    • Kraemer, R.R.1    Castracane, V.D.2
  • 32
    • 0035940390 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Elevated circulating level of ghrelin in cachexia associated with chronic heart failure: Relationships between ghrelin and anabolic/catabolic factors
    • Nagaya N, Uematsu M, Kojima M, et al. Elevated circulating level of ghrelin in cachexia associated with chronic heart failure: relationships between ghrelin and anabolic/catabolic factors. Circulation 2001; 104:2034-2038.
    • (2001) Circulation , vol.104 , pp. 2034-2038
    • Nagaya, N.1    Uematsu, M.2    Kojima, M.3
  • 33
    • 0037314839 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased plasma ghrelin level in lung cancer cachexia
    • Shimizu Y, Nagaya N, Isobe T, et al. Increased plasma ghrelin level in lung cancer cachexia. Clin Cancer Res 2003; 9:774-778.
    • (2003) Clin Cancer Res , vol.9 , pp. 774-778
    • Shimizu, Y.1    Nagaya, N.2    Isobe, T.3
  • 34
    • 32544440799 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adiponectin, ghrelin, and leptin in cancer cachexia in breast and colon cancer patients
    • Wolf I, Sadetzki S, Kanety H, et al. Adiponectin, ghrelin, and leptin in cancer cachexia in breast and colon cancer patients. Cancer 2006; 106:966-973.
    • (2006) Cancer , vol.106 , pp. 966-973
    • Wolf, I.1    Sadetzki, S.2    Kanety, H.3
  • 35
    • 0037162116 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plasma ghrelin levels after diet-induced weight loss or gastric bypass surgery
    • Cummings DE, Weigle DS, Frayo RS, et al. Plasma ghrelin levels after diet-induced weight loss or gastric bypass surgery. N Engl J Med 2002; 346:1623-1630.
    • (2002) N Engl J Med , vol.346 , pp. 1623-1630
    • Cummings, D.E.1    Weigle, D.S.2    Frayo, R.S.3
  • 36
    • 0346057842 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fundus functionality and ghrelin concentrations after bariatric surgery
    • Fruhbeck G, Diez CA, Gil MJ. Fundus functionality and ghrelin concentrations after bariatric surgery. N Engl J Med 2004; 350:308-309.
    • (2004) N Engl J Med , vol.350 , pp. 308-309
    • Fruhbeck, G.1    Diez, C.A.2    Gil, M.J.3
  • 37
    • 33846840894 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Korner J, Inabnet W, Conwell IM, et al. Differential effects of gastric bypass and banding on circulating gut hormone and leptin levels. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2006; 14:1553-1561.
    • Korner J, Inabnet W, Conwell IM, et al. Differential effects of gastric bypass and banding on circulating gut hormone and leptin levels. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2006; 14:1553-1561.
  • 38
    • 33748158800 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chan JL, Mun EC, Stoyneva V, et al. Peptide YY levels are elevated after gastric bypass surgery. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2006; 14:194-198.
    • Chan JL, Mun EC, Stoyneva V, et al. Peptide YY levels are elevated after gastric bypass surgery. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2006; 14:194-198.
  • 39
    • 33749172867 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mancini MC, Costa AP, de Melo ME, et al. Effect of gastric bypass on spontaneous growth hormone and ghrelin release profiles. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2006; 14:383-387.
    • Mancini MC, Costa AP, de Melo ME, et al. Effect of gastric bypass on spontaneous growth hormone and ghrelin release profiles. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2006; 14:383-387.
  • 40
    • 33746498402 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is ghrelin the culprit forweight loss after gastric bypass surgery? A negative answer
    • Couce ME, Cottam D, Esplen J, et al. Is ghrelin the culprit forweight loss after gastric bypass surgery? A negative answer. Obes Surg 2006; 16:870-878.
    • (2006) Obes Surg , vol.16 , pp. 870-878
    • Couce, M.E.1    Cottam, D.2    Esplen, J.3
  • 41
    • 33745051188 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is gastrin partially responsible for body weight reduction after gastric bypass?
    • Stenstrom B, Zhao CM, Tommeras K, et al. Is gastrin partially responsible for body weight reduction after gastric bypass? Eur Surg Res 2006; 38:94-101.
    • (2006) Eur Surg Res , vol.38 , pp. 94-101
    • Stenstrom, B.1    Zhao, C.M.2    Tommeras, K.3
  • 42
    • 33745161862 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ultradian ghrelin pulsatility is disrupted in morbidly obese subjects after weight loss induced by malabsorptive bariatric surgery
    • Mingrone G, Granato L, Valera-Mora E, et al. Ultradian ghrelin pulsatility is disrupted in morbidly obese subjects after weight loss induced by malabsorptive bariatric surgery. Am J Clin Nutr 2006; 83:1017-1024.
    • (2006) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.83 , pp. 1017-1024
    • Mingrone, G.1    Granato, L.2    Valera-Mora, E.3
  • 43
    • 33745045295 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ghrelin and peptide YY levels after a variant of biliopancreatic diversion with Roux-en-Y gastric bypass versus after colectomy: A prospective comparative study
    • Stratis C, Alexandrides T, Vagenas K, Kalfarentzos F. Ghrelin and peptide YY levels after a variant of biliopancreatic diversion with Roux-en-Y gastric bypass versus after colectomy: a prospective comparative study. Obes Surg 2006; 16:752-758.
    • (2006) Obes Surg , vol.16 , pp. 752-758
    • Stratis, C.1    Alexandrides, T.2    Vagenas, K.3    Kalfarentzos, F.4
  • 44
    • 33947544987 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serum retinol-binding protein 4 is reduced after weight loss in morbidly obese subjects
    • Haider DG, Schindler K, Prager G, et al. Serum retinol-binding protein 4 is reduced after weight loss in morbidly obese subjects. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2007; 92:1168-1171.
    • (2007) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.92 , pp. 1168-1171
    • Haider, D.G.1    Schindler, K.2    Prager, G.3
  • 45
    • 0034687376 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ghrelin induces adiposity in rodents
    • Tschop M, Smiley DL, Heiman ML. Ghrelin induces adiposity in rodents. Nature 2000; 407:908-913.
    • (2000) Nature , vol.407 , pp. 908-913
    • Tschop, M.1    Smiley, D.L.2    Heiman, M.L.3
  • 46
    • 22044441761 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ghrelin regulates adiposity in white adipose tissue and UCP1 mRNA expression in brown adipose tissue in mice
    • Tsubone T, Masaki T, Katsuragi I, et al. Ghrelin regulates adiposity in white adipose tissue and UCP1 mRNA expression in brown adipose tissue in mice. Regul Pept 2005; 130:97-103.
    • (2005) Regul Pept , vol.130 , pp. 97-103
    • Tsubone, T.1    Masaki, T.2    Katsuragi, I.3
  • 47
    • 2542597708 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic deletion of ghrelin does not decrease food intake but influences metabolic fuel preference
    • Wortley KE, Anderson KD, Garcia K, et al. Genetic deletion of ghrelin does not decrease food intake but influences metabolic fuel preference. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2004; 101:8227-8232.
    • (2004) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.101 , pp. 8227-8232
    • Wortley, K.E.1    Anderson, K.D.2    Garcia, K.3
  • 48
    • 1042275336 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ghrelin and des-octanoyl ghrelin promote adipogenesis directly in vivo by a mechanism independent of the type 1a growth hormone secretagogue receptor
    • Thompson NM, Gill DA, Davies R, et al. Ghrelin and des-octanoyl ghrelin promote adipogenesis directly in vivo by a mechanism independent of the type 1a growth hormone secretagogue receptor. Endocrinology 2004; 145:234-242.
    • (2004) Endocrinology , vol.145 , pp. 234-242
    • Thompson, N.M.1    Gill, D.A.2    Davies, R.3
  • 49
    • 4544235733 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The mitogenic and antiapoptotic actions of ghrelin in 3T3-L1 adipocytes
    • Kim MS, Yoon CY, Jang PG, et al. The mitogenic and antiapoptotic actions of ghrelin in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Mol Endocrinol 2004; 18:2291-2301.
    • (2004) Mol Endocrinol , vol.18 , pp. 2291-2301
    • Kim, M.S.1    Yoon, C.Y.2    Jang, P.G.3
  • 50
    • 4444246201 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ghrelin and des-acyl ghrelin both inhibit isoproterenol-induced lipolysis in rat adipocytes via a nontype 1a growth hormone secretagogue receptor
    • Muccioli G, Pons N, Ghe C, et al. Ghrelin and des-acyl ghrelin both inhibit isoproterenol-induced lipolysis in rat adipocytes via a nontype 1a growth hormone secretagogue receptor. Eur J Pharmacol 2004; 498:27-35.
    • (2004) Eur J Pharmacol , vol.498 , pp. 27-35
    • Muccioli, G.1    Pons, N.2    Ghe, C.3
  • 51
    • 33745834734 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ghrelin action in the brain controls adipocyte metabolism
    • This is a very complete description of ghrelin actions on white and brown adipose tissue, demonstrating the physiological relevance of central ghrelin in the control of adipocyte metabolism
    • Theander-Carrillo C, Wiedmer P, Cettour-Rose P, et al. Ghrelin action in the brain controls adipocyte metabolism. J Clin Invest 2006; 116:1983-1993. This is a very complete description of ghrelin actions on white and brown adipose tissue, demonstrating the physiological relevance of central ghrelin in the control of adipocyte metabolism.
    • (2006) J Clin Invest , vol.116 , pp. 1983-1993
    • Theander-Carrillo, C.1    Wiedmer, P.2    Cettour-Rose, P.3
  • 52
    • 34250888937 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ghrelin treatment causes increased food intake and retention of lean body mass in a rat model of cancer cachexia
    • In cancer cachexia, weight gain and lean-body-mass retention are improved by ghrelin and synthetic ghrelin agonists
    • Deboer MD, Zhu XX, Levasseur P, et al. Ghrelin treatment causes increased food intake and retention of lean body mass in a rat model of cancer cachexia. Endocrinology 2007; 148:3004-3012. In cancer cachexia, weight gain and lean-body-mass retention are improved by ghrelin and synthetic ghrelin agonists.
    • (2007) Endocrinology , vol.148 , pp. 3004-3012
    • Deboer, M.D.1    Zhu, X.X.2    Levasseur, P.3
  • 53
    • 33747657740 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is ghrelin a signal of decreased fat-free mass in elderly subjects?
    • Bertoli S, Magni P, Krogh V, et al. Is ghrelin a signal of decreased fat-free mass in elderly subjects? Eur J Endocrinol 2006; 155:321-330.
    • (2006) Eur J Endocrinol , vol.155 , pp. 321-330
    • Bertoli, S.1    Magni, P.2    Krogh, V.3
  • 54
    • 0242580169 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Deletion of ghrelin impairs neither growth nor appetite
    • Sun Y, Ahmed S, Smith RG. Deletion of ghrelin impairs neither growth nor appetite. Mol Cell Biol 2003; 23:7973-7981.
    • (2003) Mol Cell Biol , vol.23 , pp. 7973-7981
    • Sun, Y.1    Ahmed, S.2    Smith, R.G.3
  • 55
    • 31044452189 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Absence of ghrelin protects against early-onset obesity
    • Wortley KE, Del Rincon JP, Murray JD, et al. Absence of ghrelin protects against early-onset obesity. J Clin Invest 2005; 115:3573-3578.
    • (2005) J Clin Invest , vol.115 , pp. 3573-3578
    • Wortley, K.E.1    Del Rincon, J.P.2    Murray, J.D.3
  • 56
    • 0036061558 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Elevated plasma ghrelin levels in Prader Willi syndrome
    • Cummings DE, Clement K, Purnell JQ, et al. Elevated plasma ghrelin levels in Prader Willi syndrome. Nat Med 2002; 8:643-644.
    • (2002) Nat Med , vol.8 , pp. 643-644
    • Cummings, D.E.1    Clement, K.2    Purnell, J.Q.3
  • 57
    • 0036928761 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High circulating ghrelin: A potential cause for hyperphagia and obesity in prader-willi syndrome
    • DelParigi A, Tschop M, Heiman ML, et al. High circulating ghrelin: a potential cause for hyperphagia and obesity in prader-willi syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2002; 87:5461-5464.
    • (2002) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.87 , pp. 5461-5464
    • DelParigi, A.1    Tschop, M.2    Heiman, M.L.3
  • 58
    • 33846236838 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A lesser postprandial suppression of plasma ghrelin in Prader-Willi syndrome is associated with low fasting and a blunted postprandial PYY response
    • Oxf, In PWS, the postprandial decrease in ghrelin concentrations is lower in PWS compared to lean and obese subjects and might be related to the low fasting PYY concentrations
    • Gimenez-Palop O, Gimenez-Perez G, Mauricio D, et al. A lesser postprandial suppression of plasma ghrelin in Prader-Willi syndrome is associated with low fasting and a blunted postprandial PYY response. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2007; 66:198-204. In PWS, the postprandial decrease in ghrelin concentrations is lower in PWS compared to lean and obese subjects and might be related to the low fasting PYY concentrations.
    • (2007) Clin Endocrinol , vol.66 , pp. 198-204
    • Gimenez-Palop, O.1    Gimenez-Perez, G.2    Mauricio, D.3
  • 59
    • 33646388384 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Suppression of acylated ghrelin during oral glucose tolerance test is correlated with whole-body insulin sensitivity in children with Prader-Willi syndrome
    • Paik KH, Choe YH, Park WH, et al. Suppression of acylated ghrelin during oral glucose tolerance test is correlated with whole-body insulin sensitivity in children with Prader-Willi syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2006; 91:1876-1881.
    • (2006) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.91 , pp. 1876-1881
    • Paik, K.H.1    Choe, Y.H.2    Park, W.H.3
  • 60
    • 33746658079 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ghrelin levels in young children with Prader-Willi syndrome
    • Erdie-Lalena CR, Holm VA, Kelly PC, et al. Ghrelin levels in young children with Prader-Willi syndrome. J Pediatr 2006; 149:199-204.
    • (2006) J Pediatr , vol.149 , pp. 199-204
    • Erdie-Lalena, C.R.1    Holm, V.A.2    Kelly, P.C.3
  • 61
    • 33646141847 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ablation of ghrelin improves the diabetic but not obese phenotype of ob/ob mice
    • Sun Y, Asnicar M, Saha PK, et al. Ablation of ghrelin improves the diabetic but not obese phenotype of ob/ob mice. Cell Metab 2006; 3:379-386.
    • (2006) Cell Metab , vol.3 , pp. 379-386
    • Sun, Y.1    Asnicar, M.2    Saha, P.K.3
  • 62
    • 0035143816 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ghrelin, an endogenous growth hormone secretagogue, is a novel orexigenic peptide that antagonizes leptin action through the activation of hypothalamic neuropeptide Y/Y1 receptor pathway
    • Shintani M, Ogawa Y, Ebihara K, et al. Ghrelin, an endogenous growth hormone secretagogue, is a novel orexigenic peptide that antagonizes leptin action through the activation of hypothalamic neuropeptide Y/Y1 receptor pathway. Diabetes 2001; 50:227-232.
    • (2001) Diabetes , vol.50 , pp. 227-232
    • Shintani, M.1    Ogawa, Y.2    Ebihara, K.3
  • 63
    • 0035942777 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Leptin activates anorexigenic POMC neurons through a neural network in the arcuate nucleus
    • Cowley MA, Smart JL, Rubinstein M, et al. Leptin activates anorexigenic POMC neurons through a neural network in the arcuate nucleus. Nature 2001; 411:480-484.
    • (2001) Nature , vol.411 , pp. 480-484
    • Cowley, M.A.1    Smart, J.L.2    Rubinstein, M.3
  • 64
    • 33644809274 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ghrelin, a novel growth hormone-releasing peptide, in the treatment of cardiopulmonary-associated cachexia
    • Nagaya N, Kojima M, Kangawa K. Ghrelin, a novel growth hormone-releasing peptide, in the treatment of cardiopulmonary-associated cachexia. Intern Med 2006; 45:127-134.
    • (2006) Intern Med , vol.45 , pp. 127-134
    • Nagaya, N.1    Kojima, M.2    Kangawa, K.3
  • 65
    • 33646043200 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ghrelin has partial or no effect on appetite, growth hormone, prolactin, and cortisol release in patients with anorexia nervosa
    • This study suggests that ghrelin might not be useful for anorexia-nervosa-induced cachexia because these patients seem less sensitive to ghrelin in terms of appetite than healthy controls
    • Miljic D, Pekic S, Djurovic M, et al. Ghrelin has partial or no effect on appetite, growth hormone, prolactin, and cortisol release in patients with anorexia nervosa. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2006; 91:1491-1495. This study suggests that ghrelin might not be useful for anorexia-nervosa-induced cachexia because these patients seem less sensitive to ghrelin in terms of appetite than healthy controls.
    • (2006) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.91 , pp. 1491-1495
    • Miljic, D.1    Pekic, S.2    Djurovic, M.3
  • 66
    • 0038304457 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antagonism of ghrelin receptor reduces food intake and body weight gain in mice
    • Asakawa A, Inui A, Kaga T, et al. Antagonism of ghrelin receptor reduces food intake and body weight gain in mice. Gut 2003; 52:947-952.
    • (2003) Gut , vol.52 , pp. 947-952
    • Asakawa, A.1    Inui, A.2    Kaga, T.3
  • 67
    • 7644219561 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Feeding response to ghrelin agonist and antagonist in lean and obese Zucker rats
    • Beck B, Richy S, Stricker-Krongrad A. Feeding response to ghrelin agonist and antagonist in lean and obese Zucker rats. Life Sci 2004; 76:473-478.
    • (2004) Life Sci , vol.76 , pp. 473-478
    • Beck, B.1    Richy, S.2    Stricker-Krongrad, A.3
  • 68
    • 32644448802 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ghrelin neutralization by an RNA-Spiegelmer ameliorates obesity in diet-induced obese mice
    • Shearman LP, Wang SP, Helmling S, et al. Ghrelin neutralization by an RNA-Spiegelmer ameliorates obesity in diet-induced obese mice. Endocrinology 2005; 147:1517-1526.
    • (2005) Endocrinology , vol.147 , pp. 1517-1526
    • Shearman, L.P.1    Wang, S.P.2    Helmling, S.3
  • 69
    • 33646800511 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kobelt P, Helmling S, Stengel A, et al. Antighrelin Spiegelmer NOX-B11 inhibits neurostimulatory and orexigenic effects of peripheral ghrelin in rats. Gut 2006; 55:788-792. This is an excellent paper demonstrating the efficiency of antighrelin oligonucleotides on appetite and food intake.
    • Kobelt P, Helmling S, Stengel A, et al. Antighrelin Spiegelmer NOX-B11 inhibits neurostimulatory and orexigenic effects of peripheral ghrelin in rats. Gut 2006; 55:788-792. This is an excellent paper demonstrating the efficiency of antighrelin oligonucleotides on appetite and food intake.
  • 70
    • 32644448802 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ghrelin neutralization by a ribonucleic acid-SPM ameliorates obesity in diet-induced obese mice
    • Shearman LP, Wang SP, Helmling S, et al. Ghrelin neutralization by a ribonucleic acid-SPM ameliorates obesity in diet-induced obese mice. Endocrinology 2006; 147:1517-1526.
    • (2006) Endocrinology , vol.147 , pp. 1517-1526
    • Shearman, L.P.1    Wang, S.P.2    Helmling, S.3
  • 71
    • 33748354456 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vaccination against weight gain
    • This paper describes a new approach to inhibit the endogenous ghrelin. Vaccination against ghrelin decreases ghrelin levels and might slowweight gain by reducing feed efficiency
    • Zorrilla EP, Iwasaki S, Moss JA, et al. Vaccination against weight gain. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2006; 103:13226-13231. This paper describes a new approach to inhibit the endogenous ghrelin. Vaccination against ghrelin decreases ghrelin levels and might slowweight gain by reducing feed efficiency.
    • (2006) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.103 , pp. 13226-13231
    • Zorrilla, E.P.1    Iwasaki, S.2    Moss, J.A.3
  • 72
    • 0242330291 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High constitutive signaling of the ghrelin receptor-identification of a potent inverse agonist
    • Holst B, Cygankiewicz A, Jensen TH, et al. High constitutive signaling of the ghrelin receptor-identification of a potent inverse agonist. Mol Endocrinol 2003; 17:2201-2210.
    • (2003) Mol Endocrinol , vol.17 , pp. 2201-2210
    • Holst, B.1    Cygankiewicz, A.2    Jensen, T.H.3
  • 73
    • 1342264249 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Constitutive ghrelin receptor activity as a signaling set-point in appetite regulation
    • Holst B, Schwartz TW. Constitutive ghrelin receptor activity as a signaling set-point in appetite regulation. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2004; 25:113-117.
    • (2004) Trends Pharmacol Sci , vol.25 , pp. 113-117
    • Holst, B.1    Schwartz, T.W.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.