The ethnic context of child and adolescent problem behavior: Implications for child and family interventions

Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review

Volumn 10, Issue 2, 2007, Pages 137-179

  Yasui, Miwa ^a   Dishion, Thomas J ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF OREGON   (United States)

Author keywords

Child and family interventions; Culture; Ethnic minority youth; Resilience; Self regulation

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ARTICLE; CHILD; CONDUCT DISORDER; CULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY; ETHNIC GROUP; ETHNOLOGY; FAMILY; FAMILY THERAPY; FEMALE; HUMAN; MALE; METHODOLOGY; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; SOCIAL CONTROL; SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT; STATISTICS;

ADOLESCENT; CHILD; CONDUCT DISORDER; CULTURE; ETHNIC GROUPS; FAMILY; FAMILY THERAPY; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; SOCIAL CONTROL, INFORMAL; SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT;

EID: 34547412962     PISSN: 10964037     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10567-007-0021-9     Document Type: Article

References (316)

1. Arcaya, J. (1999). Hispanic American boys and adolescent males. In A. M. Horne, & M. S. Kiselica (Eds.), Handbook of counseling boys and adolescent males: A practitioner's guide (pp. 101-116). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
2. Arellano, A. R., and Padilla, A. M. (1996). Academic invulnerability among a select group of Latino university students. Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences 18: 485-507.
3. Armistead, L., McCombs, A., Forehand, R., Wierson, M., Long, N., and Fauber, R. (1990). Coping with divorce: A study of young adolescents. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology 19: 79-84.
4. Arnett, J. J. (1998). Learning to stand alone: The contemporary American transition to adulthood in cultural and historical context. Human Development 41: 295-315.
5. Atkinson, D. R., Casas, A., and Abreu, J. (1992). Mexican-American acculturation, counselor ethnicity and cultural sensitivity, and perceived counselor competence. Journal of Counseling Psychology 39: 515-520.
6. Atkinson, D. R., and Lowe, S. M. (1995). The role of ethnicity, cultural knowledge, and conventional techniques in counseling, psychotherapy. In J. G. Ponterotto, J. M. Casas, L. A. Suzuki, & C. M. Alexander (Eds.), Handbook of multicultural counseling (pp. 387-414). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
7. Atkinson, D. R., Morten, G., and Sue, D. W. (1993). Counseling American minorities: Across-cultural perspective, Madison, WI, England: Brown & Benchmark.
8. Bachman, J. G, and O'Malley, P. M. (1984). Yes-saying, nay-saying, and going to extremes: Black-White differences in response styles. Public Opinion Quarterly 48: 491-509.
9. Baldwin, A. L., Baldwin, C., and Cole, R. E. (1990). Stress-resistant families and stress-resistant children. In J. Rolf, A. S. Masten, D. Chichetti, K. H. Neuehterlein, & S. Weintraub (Eds.), Risk and protective factors in the development of psychopathology (pp. 257-280). New York: Cambridge University Press.
10. Bandura, A. (1973). Aggression: A social learning analysis, Oxford, England: Prentice-Hall.
11. Bargh, J. A., and Williams, E. L. (2006). The automaticity of social life. Current Direction in Psychological Science 15: 1-4.
12. Barkley, R. A. (2001). The inattentive type of ADHD as a distinct disorder: What remains to be done. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice 8: 489-493.
13. Barrera, M. Jr., Li, S. A., and Chassin, L. (1995). Effects of parental alcoholism and life stress on Hispanic and non-Hispanic Caucasian adolescents: A prospective study. American Journal of Community Psychology 23: 479-507.
14. Baumrind, D. (1971). Current patterns of parental authority. Developmental Psychology Monograph, 4(1, Part 2).
15. Beauvais, F. (1992). Trends in Indian adolescent drug and alcohol use. American Indian and Alaska Native Mental Health Research 5: 1-12.
16. Beauvais, F. (1992). The consequences of drug and alcohol use for Indian youth. American Indian and Alaska Native Mental Health Research 5: 32-37.
17. Beauvais, F. (1996). Trends in drug use among American Indian students and dropouts, 1975-1994. American Journal of Public Health 8: 1594-1598.
18. Belgrave, F. Z., Cherry, V. R., Cunningham, D., Walwyn, W., Letlaka-Rennert, K., and Phillips, F. (1994). The influence of Africentric values, self-esteem, and Black identity on drug attitudes among African American fifth graders: A preliminary study. Journal of Black Psychology 20: 143-156.
19. Belgrave, F. Z., Reed, M. C., Plybon, L. E., Butler, D. S., Allison, K. W., and Davis, T. (2004). An evaluation of Sisters of Nia: A cultural program for African American girls. Journal of Black Psychology 30: 329-343.
20. Belgrave, F. Z., Townsend, T., Cherry, V. R., and Cunningham, D. (1997). The influence of an Africentric worldview and demographic variables on drug knowledge, attitudes, and use among African American youth. Journal of Community Psychology 25: 421-433.
21. Belsky, J., and MacKinnon, C. (1994). Transition to school: Developmental trajectories and school experiences. Early Education and Development 5: 106-119.
22. Bennett, S. K., and BigFoot-Sipes, D. S. (1991). American Indian and White college student preferences for counselor characteristics. Journal of Counseling Psychology 38: 440-445.
23. Bernal, G., Bonilla, J., and Bellido, C. (1995). Ecological validity and cultural sensitivity for outcome research: Issues for the cultural adaptation and development of psychosocial treatments with Hispanics. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology 23: 67-82.
24. John, W. (1969). On cross-cultural comparability. International Journal of Psychology 4: 119-128.
25. Berry, J. (1980). Acculturation as varieties of adaptation. In A. Padilla (Ed.), Acculturation: Theory, models and findings (pp. 9-25). Boulder, CO: Westview.
26. Bhattacharya, G. (2000). Adjustment of South Asian immigrant children to schools in the United States. Adolescence 35(137): 77-85.
27. Biafora, F. A., Warheit, G. J., Zimmerman, R. S., Gil, A. G., Apospori, E. Taylor, D., et al. (1993). Racial mistrust and deviant behaviors among ethnically diverse Black adolescent boys. Journal of Applied Social Psychology 23: 891-910.
28. Bird, H., and Canino, G. (1982). The Puerto Rican family: Cultural factors and family intervention strategies. Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis 10: 257-268.
29. Birman, D. (1994). Acculturation and human diversity in a multicultural society. In E. Trickett, R. Watts, & D. Birman (Eds.), Human diversity: Perspective on people in context (pp. 261-284). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
30. Bond, M. H., and Hwang, K. (1995). The social psychology of the Chinese people. In M.H. Bond (Ed.), The psychology of the Chinese people (pp. 213-266). Hong Kong: Oxford University Press.
31. Bowen-Reid, T. L., and Harrell, J. P. (2002). Racist experiences and health outcomes: An examination of spirituality as a buffer. Journal of Black Psychology 28: 18-36.
32. Bowman, P. J., and Howard, C. (1985). Race-related socialization, motivation, and academic achievement: A study of Black youths in three-generation families. Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry 24: 134-141.
33. Boykin, A. W., and Toms, F. D. (1985). Black child socialization: A conceptual framework. In H. P. McAdoo, & J. L. McAdoo (Eds.), Black children: Social, educational, and parental environments (pp. 33-51). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
34. Bradley, C. R. (1998). Child rearing in African American families: A study of the disciplinary practices of African American parents. Journal of Multicultural Counseling and Development 26: 273-281.
35. Brendtro, L., Brokenleg, M., and Van Bockern, S. (1991). Courage for the discouraged: Reclaiming youth at risk. In M. Mitchell, C. L. Tobin, C. M. Johnson, & M. Rocco (Eds.), Proceedings of the XII World (Congress of the International Association of Workers for Troubled Children and Youth). Albion, Michigan: The Starr Commonwealth Schools.
36. Brislin, R. (1993). Understanding culture's influence on behavior. San Diego, CA: Harcourt Brace.
37. Brody, G. H., and Flor, D. L. M. (1998). Maternal resources, parenting practices, and child competence in rural, single-parent African American families. Child Development 69: 803-816.
38. Brody, G. H., Murry, V. M., McNair, L., Chen, Y., Gibbons, F. X., Gerrard, M., and Wills, T. (2005). Linking changes in parenting to parent-child relationship quality and youth self-control: The Strong African American Families program. Journal of Research on Adolescence 15: 47-69.
39. Brody, G. H., Stoneman, Z., and Flor, D. (1996). Family wages, family processes, and youth competence in rural married African American families. In E. M. Hetherington, & E. A. Blechman (Eds.), Stress, coping, and resiliency in children and families (pp. 173-188). Hillsdale, NJ, England: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
40. Broman, C. L., Mavaddat, R., and Hsu, S-Y. (2000). The experience and consequences of perceived racial discrimination: A study of African-Americans. Journal of Black Psychology 26: 165-180.
41. Bronfenbrenner, U. (1979). The ecology of human development, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
42. Bronfenbrenner, U. (1986). Ecology of the family as a context for human development: Research perspectives. Developmental Psychology 22: 723-742.
43. Bronfenbrenner, U. (1989). Ecological systems theory. In R. Vasta (Ed.), Annals of child development, 6 (pp. 187-251). Greenwich, CT: JAI.
44. Buchignani, N. (1982). Canadian ethnic research and multiculturalism. Journal of Canadian Studies 17: 16-34.
45. Buriel, R., Calzada, S., and Vasquez, R. (1982). The relationship of traditional Mexican American culture to adjustment and delinquency among three generations of Mexican American male adolescents. Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences 4: 41-55.
46. Buriel, R., and DeMent, T. (1997). Immigration and sociocultural changes in Mexican, Chinese, Vietnamese American families. In A. Booth, A. C. Crouter, & N. Landale (Eds.), Immigration and the family: Research and policy on U.S. immigrants Mahwah NJ: Erlbaum.
47. Burke, P. J. (1980). The self: Measurement requirements from an interactionist perspective. Social Psychology Quarterly 43: 18-29.
48. Burlew, K., Nelly, D., Johnson, C., Hucks, T. C., Purnell, B. Butler, J., et al. (2000). Drug attitudes, racial identity, and alcohol use among African American adolescents. Journal of Black Psychology 26: 402-420.
49. Bursik, R. J., and Grasmick, H. G. (1996). The use of contextual analysis in models of criminal behavior. In J. D. Hawkins (Ed.), Delinquency and crime: Current theories. Cambridge criminology.
50. Caplan, N., Choy, M. H., and Whitmore, J. K. (1991). Indochinese refugee families and academic achievement. Scientific American, 266, 36-42 .
51. Castro, F. G., Sharp, E. V., Barrington, E. H., Walton, M., and Rawson, R. (1991). Drug abuse and identity in Mexican Americans: Theoretical and empirical considerations. Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences 13: 209-225.
52. Catalane, R. F., Morrison, D. M., Wells, E. A., and Gillmore, M. R. (1992). Ethnic differences in family factors related to early drug initiation. Journal of Studies on Alcohol 53: 208-217.
53. Catterall, J. S. (1998). Risk and resilience in student transitions to high school. American Journal of Education 106(2): 302-333.
54. Caughy, M. O., O'Campo, P. J., Randolph, S. M., and Nickerson, K. (2002). The Influence of racial socialization practices on thecognitive and behavioral competence of African American preschoolers. Child Development 73: 1611-1625.
55. Causey, D. L., and Dubow, E. F. (1992). Development of a self-report coping measure for elementary school children, Journal of Clinical Child Psychology 21: 47-59.
56. Census of population and housing. (1990).Washington: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census.
57. Chan, S., and Leong, C. W. (1994). Chinese families in transition: Cultural conflicts and adjustment problem. Journal of Social Distress and the Homeless 3(3): 263-281.
58. Chao, R. K. (1994). Beyond parental control and authoritarian parenting style: Understanding Chinese parenting through the cultural notion of training. Child Development 65: 1111-1119.
59. Chao, R. K. (2001). Extending research on the consequences of parenting style for Chinese Americans and European Americans. Child Development 72: 1832-1843.
60. Chao, R. K., and Kim, K. (2000). Parenting differences among immigrant Chinese fathers and mothers in the United States. Journal of Psychology in Chinese Societies 1: 71-91.
61. Chen, C., Lee, S. Y., and Stevenson, H. W. (1995). Response style and cross-cultural comparisons of rating scales among East Asian and North American students. Psychological Science 6: 170-175.
62. Clark, R., Novak, J. D., and Dupree, D. (2002). Perceptions of parenting practices as predictors of coping strategies in African American adolescents. Journal of Adolescence 25: 373-384.
63. Coatsworth, J. D., Maldonado-Molina, M., Pantin, H., and Szapocznik, J. (2005). A person-centered and ecological investigation of acculturation strategies in Hispanic immigrant youth. Journal of Community Psychology 33: 157-174.
64. Collins, L. M., Murphy, S. A., and Bierman, K. L. (2004). A conceptual framework for adaptive preventive interventions. Prevention Science 5: 185-196.
65. Compas, B. E. (1995). Promoting successful coping during adolescence. In M. Rutter (Ed.), Psychosocial disturbances in young people: Challenges for prevention (pp. 247-273). New York: Cambridge University Press.
66. Compas, B. E., Malcarne, V. L., and Fondacaro, K. M. (1988). Coping with stressful events in older children and young adolescents. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 56: 405-411.
67. Conger, R. D., Patterson, G. R., and Xiaojia Ge, X. (1995). It takes two to replicate: A mediational model for the impact of parents' stress on adolescent adjustment. Child Development 66: 80-97.
68. Connell, A., Dishion, T., Yasui, M., and Kavanagh, K (2007). An ecological approach to family intervention to reduce adolescent problem behavior: Intervention engagement and longitudinal change. In S. Evans (Ed.), Advances in school-based mental health (Vol. 2). Kingston, New Jersey: Civic Research Institute, in press.
69. Constantine, M. G. (2001). Predictors of observer ratings of multicultural counseling competence in Black, Latino, and White American trainees. Journal of Counseling Psychology 48: 456-462.
70. Constantine, M. G., Gainor, K. A., Ahluwalia, M. K., and Berkel, L. A. (2003). Independent and interdependent self-construals, individualism, collectivism, and harmony control in African Americans. Journal of Black Psychology 29: 87-101.
71. Contreras, J. M., Lopez, I. R., Rivera-Mosquera, E. T., Raymong-Smith, L., and Rothstein, K. (1999). Social support and adjustment among Puerto Rican adolescent mothers: The moderating effect of acculturation. Journal of Family Psychology 13:228-243.
72. Cross, W. (1978). The Thomas and Cross models of psychological nigrescence: A literature review. Journal of Black Psychology 4: 12-31.
73. Cross, W. (1991). Shades of black: Diversity in African American identity, Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
74. Cross, W. E., Parham, T. A., and Helms, J. E. (1998). Nigrescence revisited: Theory and research. In R.L. Jones (Ed.), African American identity development: Theory, research, and intervention (pp. 3-71). Hampton, VA: Cobb and Henry.
75. Cuéllar, I., Arnold, B., and Gonzalez, G. (1995). Cognitive referents of acculturation: Assessment of cultural constructs in Mexican-Americans. Journal of Community Psychology 23: 339-356.
76. Dearing, E. (2004). The developmental implications of restrictive and supportive parenting across neighborhoods and ethnicities: Exceptions are the rule. Applied Developmental Psychology 25: 555-575.
77. Deater-Deckard, K., Dodge, K. A., Bates, J. E., and Pettit, G. S. (1996). Physical discipline among African-American and European-American mothers: Links to children's externalizing behaviors. Developmental Psychology 32: 1065-1072.
78. Deyoung, Y., and Zigler, E. F. (1994). Machismo in two cultures: Relation to punitive child-rearing practices. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry 64: 386-395.
79. Diaz-Guerrero, R., and Diaz-Loving, P. (1990). Interpretation in cross-cultural personality assessment. In C. R. Reynolds, & R. W. Kamphouse (Eds.), Handbook of psychological and educational assessment of children: Personality, behavior and context (pp. 491-523). New York: Guilford.
80. Dinh, K. T., Roosa, M. W., Tein, J., and Lopez, V. A. (2002). The relationship between acculturation and problem behavior proneness in a Hispanic youth sample: A longitudinal mediation model. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology 30: 295-309.
81. Dishion, T. J., and Kavanagh, K. (2002). The adolescent transitions program: A family-centered prevention strategy for schools. In J. B. Reid, J. J. Snyder, & G. R. Patterson (Eds.), Antisocial behavior in children and adolescents: A developmental analysis and the Oregon Model for Intervention (pp. 257-272). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
82. Dishion, T. J., Kavanagh, K., Schneiger, A., Nelson, S., & Kaufman, N. (2002). Preventing early adolescent substance use: A family-centered strategy for public middle school. In R. L. Spoth, K. Kavanagh, & T. J. Dishion (Eds.), Universal family-centered prevention strategies: Current findings and critical issues for public health impact (Special Issue). Prevention Science, 3, 191-201.
83. Dishion, T. J., and Patterson, G. R. (2006). The development and ecology of antisocial behavior in children and adolescents. In D. Cicchetti, & J. Donald (Eds.), Developmental psychopathology, Vol 3: Risk, disorder, and adaptation (2nd ed., pp. 503-541). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
84. Dishion, T. J., and Stormshak, E. (2007). Intervening in children's lives: An ecological, family-centered approach to mental health care, Washington, DC: APA Books.
85. Dolgin, D. L., Salazar, A., and Cruz, S. (1987). The Hispanic treatment program: Principles of effective psychotherapy. Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy 17: 285-299.
86. Dornbusch, S., Ritter, P., Leiderman, P., Roberts, D., and Fraleigh, M. (1987). The relation of parenting style to adolescent school performance. Child Development 58: 1244-1257.
87. Dumas, J. E., Rollock, D., Prinz, R. J., Hops, H., and Blechman, E.A. (1999). Cultural sensitivity: Problems and solutions in applied and preventive intervention. Applied & Preventive Psychology 8: 175-196.
88. Duran, E., and Duran, B. (1995). Native American postcolonial psychology, Albany, NY: State University of New York Press.
89. Eamon, M. K., and Muler, C. (2005). Predicting antisocial behavior among Latino young adolescents: An ecological systems analysis. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry 75: 117-127.
90. Eccles, J. S., Lord, S. E., Roeser, R. W., Barber, B. L., and Jozefowicz, D. M. (1997). The association of school transitions in early adolescence with developmental trajectories through high school. In J. Schulenberg, J. L. Maggs, & K. Hurrelmann (Eds.), Health risks and developmental transitions during adolescence (pp. 283-320). New York: Cambridge University Press.
91. Eisenberg, N., and Fabes, R. A. (1998). Prosocial development. In W. Damon (Series Ed.) & N. Eisenberg (Vol. Ed.), Handbook of child psychology, Vol. 3: Social, emotional, and personality development (5th ed., pp. 701-778). New York: John Wiley.
92. Eisenberg, N., Fabes, R. A., Guthrie, I. K., and Reiser, M. (2000). Dispositional emotionality and regulation: Their role in predicting quality of social functioning. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 78: 13 6-157.
93. Farver, J. A. M., Narang, S. K., and Bhadha, B. R. (2002). East meets West: Ethnic identity, acculturation, and conflict in Asian Indian families. Journal of Family Psychology 16: 338-350.
94. Fernandez, R. M., Paulsen, R., and Hirano-Nakanishi, M. (1989). Dropping out among Hispanic youth. Social Science Research 18: 21-52.
95. Ferrari, A. M. (2002). The impact of culture upon child rearing practices and definitions of maltreatment. Child Abuse and Neglect 26: 793-813.
96. Fields, L., and Prinz, R. J. (1997). Coping and adjustment during childhood and adolescence. Clinical Psychology Review 71: 937-976.
97. Figueroa-Torres, J., and Pearson, R. E. (1979). Effects of structured learning therapy upon self-control of aggressive Puerto Rican fathers. Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences 1: 345-354.
98. Fischer, A. R., and Shaw, C. M. (1999). African Americans' mental health and perceptions of racist discrimination: The moderating effects of racial socialization experiences and self-esteem. Journal of Counseling Psychology 46: 395-407.
99. Fisher, P. A., and Ball, T. J. (2002). The Indian Wellness Project: An application of the tribal participatory research model. Prevention Science 3: 235-240.
100. Florsheim, P., Tolan, P. H., and German-Smith, D. (1996). Family processes and risk for externalizing behavior problems among African American and Hispanic boys. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 64: 1222-1230.
101. Flynn, C. P. (1998). To spank or not to spank: The effect of situation and age of child on support for corporal punishment. Journal of Family Violence 13: 21-37.
102. Franco, N., and Levitt, M. J. (1998). The social ecology of middle childhood: Family support, friendship quality, and self-esteem. Family Relations 47: 315-321.
103. Fuligni, A. J. (1997). The academic achievement of adolescents from immigrant families: The role of family background, attitudes, and behavior. Child Development 68: 351-363.
104. Fuligni, A. J., Tseng, V., and Lam, M. (1999). Attitudes toward family obligations among American adolescents with Latin, American and European background. Child Development 70: 1030-1044.
105. Furstenberg, F. Jr., Cook, T., Eccles, J., Elder, G. Jr., and Sameroff, A. (1999). Managing to make it: Urban families and adolescent success, Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
106. Gabrielidis, C., Stephan, W., Ybarra, O., Dos Santos Pearson, V. M., and Villareal, L. (1997). Preferred styles of conflict resolution in Mexico and the United States. Journal of Cross-cultural Psychology 28(6): 661-677.
107. Gamst, G., Dana, R. H., Der-Karabetian, A., and Kramer, T. (2000). Ethnic match and client ethnicity effects on global assessment and visitation. Journal of Community Psychology 28: 547-564.
108. Gamst, G., Dana, R. H., Der-Karabetian, A., and Kramer, T. (2004). Ethnic match and treatment outcomes for child and adolescent mental health center clients, Journal of Counseling & Development 82: 457-465.
109. García Coll, C. T. (1990). Developmental outcome of minority infants: A process oriented look into our beginnings. Child Development 61: 270-289.
110. García Coll, C., Lamberty, G., Jenkins, R., McAdoo, H. P., Crnic, K. Wasik, B.H., et al. (1996). An integrative model for the study of developmental competencies in minority children. Child Development 67: 1891-1914.
111. Garcia Coll, C.T., and Magnuson, K. (1997). The psychological experience of immigration: A developmental perspective. In A. Booth (Ed.), Immigration and the family; Research and policy on U.S. immigrants (pp. 91-131). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
112. Garcia-Preto, N. (1996a). Latino families: An overview. In M. McGoldrick, J. Giordano, & J. K. Pearce (Eds.), Ethnicity and family therapy (pp. 141-154). New York: Guilford Press.
113. Garcia-Preto, N. (1996b). Puerto Rican families. In M. McGoldrick, J. Giordano, & J. K. Pearce (Eds.), Ethnicity and family therapy (pp. 183-189). New York: Guilford.
114. Garrett, J. T., and Garrett, M. W. (1994). The path of good medicine: Understanding and counseling Native American Indians. Journal of Multicultural Counseling and Development 22(3): 134-144.
115. Gary, L., and Berry, G. (1984). Predicting attitudes toward substance use in a Black community: Implication for prevention. Community Mental Health Journal 21: 42-51.
116. Gibbons, F. A., Gerrard, M., Cleveland, M. J., Wills, T. A., and Brody, G. (2004). Perceived discrimination and substance use in African American parents and their children: A panel study. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 86: 517-529.
117. Gil, R. M., and Vasquez, C. I. (1996). The Maria paradox, New York: G. P. Putnam.
118. Gil, A. G., Vegas, W. A., and Dimas, J. M. (1994). Acculturative stress and personal adjustment among Hispanic adolescent boys. Journal of Community Psychology 22: 43-54.
119. Gil, A. G., Wagner, E. F., and Vega, W. A. (2000). Acculturation, familism, and alcohol use among Latino adolescent males: Longitudinal relations. Journal of Community Psychology 28: 443-358.
120. Gil-Rivas, V., Greenberger, E., Chen, C., and Lopez-Lena, M. M. (2003). Understanding depressed mood in the context of a family-oriented culture. Adolescence 38: 93-109.
121. Giles-Sims, J., Straus, M., and Sugarman, D. (1995). Child, maternal and family characteristics associated with spanking. Family Relations 44: 1170-1176.
122. Ginorio, A. B., Gutierrez, L., Cauce, A. M., and Acosta, M. (1995). Psychological issues for Latinas. In H. Landrine (Ed.), Bringing cultural diversity to feminist psychology (pp. 241-263). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
123. Gonzales, N. A., Cauce, A. M., and Mason, C. A. (1996). Interobserver agreement in the assessment of parental behavior and parent - adolescent conflict: African American mothers, daughters and independent observers. Child Development 67: 1483-1498.
124. Gonzales, N. A., Pitts, S. C., Hill, N. E., and Roosa, M. W. (2000). A mediatorial model of the impact of interparental conflict on child adjustment in a multiethnic low-income sample. Journal of Family Psychology 14: 365-379.
125. Gray, M. R., and Steinberg, L. (1999). Unpacking authoritative parenting: Reassessing a multidimensional construct. Journal of Marriage and Family 61: 574-587.
126. Guerra, N. G., and Jagers, R. (1998). The importance of culture in the assessment of children and youth. In V. C. McLoyd, & L. Steinberg (Eds.), Studying minority adolescents: Conceptual, methodological, and theoretical issues (pp. 167-181). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
127. Guyll, M., Matthews, K. A., and Bromberger, J. T. (2001). Discrimination and unfair treatment: Relationship to cardio-vascular reactivity among African American and European American women. Health Psychology 20: 315-325.
128. Halstead, M., Johnson, S. B., and Cunningham, W. (1993). Measuring coping in adolescents: An application of the Ways of Coping Checklist. Journal of Clinical Psychology 22(3): 337-344.
129. Hammond, W. R., and Yung, B. (1993). Psychology's role in public health response to assaultive violence among young African American men. American Psychologist 48: 142-154.
130. Harrison, A. O., Wilson, M. N., Pine, C. J., Chan, S. Q., and Buriel, R. (1990). Family ecologies of ethnic minority children. Child Development 61: 347-362.
131. Hayes, S. C., Barnes-Holmes, D., and Roche, B. (Eds.), (2001). Relational frame theory: A post-Skinncrian account of human language and cognition. New York: Kluwer.
132. Helms, J. E. (1995). An update of Helms's white and people of color racial identity models. In J. Ponterotto, L. A. Suzuki, & C. Alexander (Eds.), Handbook of multicultural counseling (pp. 181-198). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
133. Herman, M. R., Dornbusch, S. M., Herron, M. C., and Herting, J. R. (1997). The influence of family regulation, connection, and psychological autonomy on six measures of adolescent functioning. Journal of Adolescent Research 12: 34-67.
134. Hill, K. G., Howell, J. C., Hawkins, J. D., and Battin-Pearson, S. R. (1999). Childhood risk factors for adolescent gang membership: Results from the Seattle Social Development Project. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 36: 300-322.
135. Hill, N. E, Bush, K. R, and Roosa, M. W. (2003). Parenting and family socialization strategies and children's mental health: Low-income, Mexican-American and Euro-American mothers and children. Child Development 74: 189-204.
136. Hirschi, T. (2004). Self-control and crime. In R. F. Baumeister, & K. D. Vohs (Eds.), Handbook of self-regulation: Research, theory, and applications (pp. 537-552). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
137. Hirschi-Ho, D. Y. F. (1982). Asian concepts in behavioral science. Psychologia 25: 228-235.
138. Hovey, J., and King, C. (1996). Acculturative stress, depression, and suicidal ideation among immigrant and second-generation Latino adolescents. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 35(9): 1183-1193.
139. Hovey, J. D., and Magaña, C. (2000). Acculturative stress, anxiety, and depression among Mexican immigrant farmworkers in the Midwest United States. Journal of Immigrants Health 2: 119-131.
140. Hovey, J. D., and Magaña, C. (2002). Exploring the mental health of Mexican migrant farmworkers in the Midwest: Psychosocial predictors of psychological distress and suggestions for prevention and treatment. The Journal of Psychology 136: 493-513.
141. Hughes, D. (2003). A comparative study of racial socialization among urban African African American and Latino parents. American Journal of Community Psychology 31(1): 80-92.
142. Hughes, D. L., and Chen, L.A. (1997). When and what parents tell children about race: An examination of race-related socialization among African American families. Applied Developmental Science 1: 198-212.
143. Hughes, D., and Dumont, K. (1993). Using focus groups to facilitate culturally anchored research. American Journal of Community Psychology 21(4): 775-806.
144. Hughes, D., Rodriguez, J., Smith, E. P., Johnson, D. J., Stevenson, H. C., and Spicer, P. (2006). Parents' ethnic-racial socialization practices: A review of research and directions for future study. Developmental Psychology 42: 747-770.
145. Ispa, J. M., Fine, M. A., Halgunseth, L. C., Harper, S., Robinson, J. Boyce, L., et al. (2004). Maternal intrusiveness, maternal warmth, and mother - toddler relationship outcomes: Variations across low-income ethnic and acculturation groups. Child Development 75: 1613-1631.
146. Izzo, C, Weiss, L., Shanahan, T., and Rodrugruez-Brown, F. (2000). Parental self-efficacy and social support as predictors of parenting practices and children's sociocmotional adjustment in Mexican immigrant families, Diverse Families, Competent Families 20: 197-213.
147. Jencks, C., and Phillips, M. (1998). The Black-White test score gap, Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press.
148. Jenkins, J. M., and Smith, M. (1990). Factors protecting children living in disharmonious homes: Maternal reports. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 29: 60-69.
149. Johnson, M., and Lashley, K. (1989). Influences of Native American's cultural commitment on preferences for counselor ethnicity and expectations about counseling. Journal of Multicultural Counseling and Development 17(3): 115-122.
150. Julian, T. W., McKenry, P. C., and McKelvey, M. W. (1994). Cultural variations in parenting: Perceptions of Caucasian, African-American, Hispanic, and Asian-American parents. Family Relations 43(1): 30-37.
151. Kao, G., and Tienda, M. (1995). Optimism and achievement: The educational performance of immigrant youth. Social Science Quarterly 76: 1-19.
152. Kaplan, M. S., and Marks, G. (1990). Adverse effects of acculturation: Psychological distress among Mexican American young adults. Social Science and Medicine 31: 1313-1319.
153. Kawamoto, W. T. (2001). Community mental health and family issues in sociohistorical context. American Behavioral Scientist 44: 1482-1491.
154. Kazdin, A. (1994). Behavior modification in applied settings. Pacific Grove CA: Brooks/Cole Publishing Company.
155. Kim, E. (2002). The relationship between parental involvement and children's educational achievement in the Korean immigrant family. Journal of Comparative Family Studies, 33(4), 529-540.
156. Kim, T. E., and Goto, S. G. (2000). Peer delinquency and parental social support as predictors of Asian American adolescent delinquency. Deviant Behavior: An Interdisciplinary Journal 21: 331-347.
157. Kim, Y. Y. (1979). Toward an interactive theory of communication- acculturation. Communication Yearbook 3: 435-453.
158. Knight, G. P., Bernai, M. E., Garza, C. A., Cota, M. K., and Ocampo, K. A. (1993). Family socialization and the ethnic identity of Mexican-American children. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 24: 273-285.
159. Knight, G. P., and Hill, N. E. (1998). Measurement equivalence in research involving minority adolescents. In V. C. McLoyd, & L. Steinberg (Eds.), Studying minority adolescents: Conceptual, methodological, and theoretical issues (pp. 183-210). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
160. Krieger, N., Rowley, D. L., Herman, A. A. Avery, B., et al. (1993). Racism, sexism, and social class: Implications for studies of health, disease, and well being. American Journal of Preventive Medicine 9: 82-122.
161. Kuo, W. H. (1995). Coping with racial discrimination: The case of Asian Americans. Ethnic and Racial Studies 18: 109-127.
162. LaFromboise, T. D., Berman, J. S., and Sohi, B. K. (1994). American Indian women. In L. Comas-Diaz, & B. Greene (Eds.), Psychotherapy with women of color (pp. 30-71). New York: Guilford.
163. LaFromboise, T., Coleman, H. L. K., and Gerton, J. (1993). Psychological impact of biculturalism: Evidence and theory. Psychological Bulletin 114: 395-412.
164. LaFromboise, T. D., and Low, K. G. (1989). American Indian children and adolescents. In J. T. Gibbs, & L. N. Huang (Eds.), Children of color (pp. 114-147). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
165. Lahey, B. B., Gordon, R. A., Loeber, R., Stouthamer-Loeber, M., and Farrington, D. P. (1999). Boys who join gangs: A prospective study of predictors of first gang entry. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology 27: 261-276.
166. Lamborn, S. D., Dornbusch, S. M., and Steinberg, L. (1996). Ethnicity and community context as moderators of the relations between family decision making and adolescent adjustment. Child Development 67: 283-301.
167. Lamborn, S. D., and Nguyen, D. T. (2004). African American adolescents' perceptions of family interactions: Kinship support, parent-child relationships and teen adjustment. Journal of Youth and Adolescence 33: 547-558.
168. Lang, J. Q., Munoz, R. F., Bernal, G., and Sorenson, J. L. (1982).
169. Langley, M. R. (1994). The cool pose: An Africentric analysis. In R. G. Majors, & J. Gordon (Eds.), The American Black male: His present status and his future (pp. 231-244). Chicago: Nelson-Hall.
170. Levitt, M. J., Guacci-Franco, N., and Levitt, J. L. (1994). Social support and achievement in childhood and early adolescence: A multicultural study. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology 15: 207-222.
171. Lopez, S. R., Lopez, A. A., and Fong, K. T. (1991). Mexican Americans' initial preferences for counselors: The role of ethnic factors. Journal of Counseling Psychology 38: 487-496.
172. Luria, A. R. (1966). Higher cortical functions in man, New York: Consultants Bureau.
173. Maccoby, E. E., and Martin, J. A. (1983). Socialization in the context of the family: Parent-child interaction. In E. M. Hetherington (Ed.), Handbook of child psychology: Socialization, personality and social development New York: Wiley.
174. MacPhee, D., Fritz, J., and Miller-Heyl, J. (1996). Ethnic variations in personal social networks and parenting. Child Development 67: 3278-3295.
175. Majors, R., and Billson, J. M. (1992). Cool pose: The dilemmas of Black manhood in America, New York: Lexington Books.
176. Manson, S., Beals, J., O'Nell, T., Piasecki, J., Bechtold, D. Keane, E., et al. (1996). Wounded spirits, ailing hearts: PTSD and related disorders among American Indians. In A. Marsella, M. J. Friedman, E. T. Gerrity, & R. W. Scurfield (Eds.), Ethnocultural aspects of posttraumatic stress disorder: Issues, research, and clinical applications (pp. 255-283). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
177. Marcon, R. A. (1999). Positive relationships between parent school involvement and public school inner-city preschoolers' development and academic performance. School Psychology Review 28: 395-412.
178. Marin, G., and Vanoss Marin, B. (1991). Research with Hispanic populations, Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications.
179. Marshall, S. (1995). Ethnic socialization of African American children: Implications for parenting, identity development, and academic achievement. Journal of Youth and Adolescence 24: 377-396.
180. Martinez, C. R., and Eddy, J. M. (2005). Effects of culturally adapted parent management training on Latino youth behavioral health outcomes. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 73: 841-851.
181. Mason, C. A., Cauce, A. M., Gonzales, N., Hiraga, Y., and Grove, K. (1994). An ecological model of externalizing in African American adolescents: No family is an island. Journal of Research on Adolescents 4: 639-655.
182. Matusoka, J. K. (1990). Differential acculturation among Vietnamese refugees. Social Work 35: 341-345.
183. May, P. A. (1996). Overview of alcohol abuse epidemiology for American Indian populations. In G. D. Sandefur, R. R. Rindfuss, & B. Cohen (Eds.), Changing numbers, changing needs: American Indian demography and public health (pp. 235-261). Washington, DC: National Academy Press.
184. Mbiti, J. S. (1969). African religions and philosophy, London: Heinmann.
185. McAdoo, H. P. (1981). Black families, Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
186. McCabe, K. M. (2002). Factors that predict premature termination among Mexican American children in outpatient psychotheapy. Journal off Child and Family Studies 11: 347-359.
187. McFee, M. (1968). The 150% man, a product of Blackfeet acculturation. American Anthropologist 70: 1096-1107.
188. McLoyd, V. C., Cauce, A. M., Takeuchi, D., and Wilson, L. (2000). Marital processes and parental socialization in families of color. A decade review of research 62: 1070-1093.
189. McLoyd, V. C., and Randolph, S. M. (1984). The conduct and publication of research on Afro-American children: A content analysis. Human Development 27: 65-75.
190. Medina, B. T. G. (2001). The Filipino family (2nd ed.). Quezon City: University of the Philippines Press.
191. Min, P. G. (1995). Asian Americans: Contemporary trends and issues, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
192. Moos, H. R. (2002). Life stressors, social resources, and coping skills in youth: Applications to adolescents with chronic disorders. Journal of Adolescent Health 30: 22-29.
193. More, A. J. (1987). Native Indian learning styles: A review for researchers and teachers. Journal of American Indian Education 26: 17-29.
194. Morling, B., and Fiske, S. T. (1999). Defining and measuring harmony control. Journal of Research in Personality 33: 379-414.
195. Murray, C. B., and Mandara, J. (2001). Racial identity development in African American children: Cognitive and experiential antecedents. In H. P. McAdoo (Ed.), Black children: Social, educational, and parental environments (pp. 73-96). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
196. Murry, V. M., Brown, P. A., Brody, G. H., Cutrona, C. E., and Simons, R. L. (2001). Racial discrimination as a moderator of the links among stress, maternal psychological functioning, and family relationships. Journal of Marriage and Family 63: 915-926.
197. Myers, H. F. (1989). Urban stress and mental health of Afro-American youth: An epidemiologic and conceptual update. In R. L. Jones (Ed.), Black adolescents (pp. 123-152). Berkeley, CA: Cobbs & Henry.
198. Nobles, W. W. (1973). Psychological research and the Black self-concept: A critical review. Journal of Social Issues 29: 11-31.
199. Nobles, W. W. (1974). African root and American fruit: The Black family. Journal of Social and Behavioral Sciences 20: 52-64.
200. Nah, K. (1993). Perceived problems and service delivery for Korean Americans. Social Work 38: 289-296.
201. Nofz, M. P. (1988). Alcohol abuse and culturally marginal American Indians. Social Casework 69(2): 67-73.
202. Noh, S., Beiser, M., and Kaspar, V. (2003). Perceived discrimination and depression: Moderating effects of coping, acculturation, and ethnic support. American Journal of Public Health 93: 232-238.
203. Noh, S., Beiser, M., Kaspar, V., Hou, F., and Rummens, J. (1999). Perceived racial discrimination, depression, and coping: A study of Southeast Asian refugees in Canada. Journal of Health and Social Behavior 40: 193-207.
204. Noh, S., Kasper, V., and Chen, X. (1998). Measuring depression in Korean immigrants: Assessing validity of the translated Korean version of the CES-D scale. Cross-Cultural Research: The Journal of Comparative Social Science 32: 358-377.
205. Nyborg, V. M., and Curry, J. F. (2003). The impact of perceived racism: Psychological symptoms among African American boys. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology 32: 258-266.
206. Oetting, E. R., Beauvais, F., and Velarde, J. (1982). Marijuana use by reservation Native American youth. Listening Post Indian Health Services 4: 25-28.
207. Ogbu, J. U. (1981). Origins of human competence: A cultural-ecological perspective. Child Development 52: 413-429.
208. Okagaki, L., and Bojczyk., K. E. (2002). Perspectives on Asian American development. In G. N. Hall, & S. Okazaki (Eds.), Asian American psychology (pp. 67-104). Washington DC: American Psychological Association.
209. Okazaki, S., and Sue, S. (1995). Methodological issues in assessment research with ethnic minorities. Psychological Assessment 7: 367-375.
210. Ou, Y. S., and McAdoo, H. P. (1993). Socialization of Chinese American children. In H. P. McAdoo (Ed.), Ethnicity: Strength in diversity (pp. 245-270). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
211. Padilla, A. M. (1980). The role of cultural awareness and ethnic loyalty. In A. M. Padilla (Ed.), Acculturation: Theory, models and some new findings (pp. 47-84). Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
212. Palinkas, L. A. (1982). Ethnicity, identity and mental health: The use of rhetoric in an immigrant Chinese church. The Journal of Psychoanalytic Anthropology 5: 235-258.
213. Palleja, J. (1987). The impact of cultural identification on the behavior of second generation Puerto Rican adolescents. Dissertation Abstracts International 48(6-A): 1541-1542.
214. Pantin, H., Coatsworth, J. D., Feaster, D. J., Newman, F. L., Briones, E. Prado, G., et al. (2003). Familias Unidas: The efficacy of an intervention to promote parental investment in Hispanic immigrant families. Prevention Science 4: 189-201.
215. Patterson, G. R. (1995). Coercion as a basis for early age of onset for arrest. In J. McCord (Ed.), Coercion and punishment in long term perspectives (pp. 81-105). New York: Cambridge University Press.
216. Peng, S. S., and Wright, D. (1994). Explanation of academic achievement of Asian American students. Journal of Educational Research 87: 346-352.
217. Peters, M. F. (1985). Racial socialization of Black children. In H. P. McAdoo, & J. L. McAdoo (Eds.), Black children: Social, educational, and parental environments (pp. 33-51). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
218. Peters, M. F., and Massey, G. (1983). Mundane extreme environmental stress in family stress theories: The case of Black families in White America. In H. I. McCubbin, M. B. Sussman, & J. M. Patterson (Eds.), Social stress and the family: Advance and developments in family stress theory and research (pp. 193-218). New York: Halworth.
219. Phinney, J. S. (1989). Stages of ethnic identity development in minority group adolescents. Journal of Early Adolescence 9: 34-49.
220. Phinney, J. S. (1996). When we talk about American ethnic groups, what do we mean? American Psychologist 51: 918-927.
221. Phinney, J. S., and Alipuria, L. (1990). Ethnic identity in college students from four ethnic groups. Journal of Adolescence 13: 171-184.
222. Phinney, J. S., Cantu, C. L., and Kurtz, D. A. (1997). Ethnic and American identity as predictors of self-esteem among African American, Latino, and White adolescents. Journal of Youth and Adolescence 26: 165-185.
223. Phinney, J., and Chavira, V. (1982). Ethnic identity and self-esteem: An explanatory longitudinal study. Journal of Adolescence 15: 271-281.
224. Phinney, J., and Chavira, V. (1995). Parental ethnic socialization and adolescent outcomes in ethnic minority families. Journal of Research on Adolescents 5: 13-53.
225. Phinney, J., and Devich-Navarro, M. (1997). Variations in bicultural identification among African American and Mexican American adolescents. Journal of Research on Adolescence 7: 3-32.
226. Phinney, J., Ferguson, D., and Tate, J. (1997). Intergroup attitudes among ethnic minority adolescents: A causal model. Child Development 68: 955-969.
227. Phinney, J., and Kohatsu, E. (1997). Ethnic and racial identity development and mental health. In J. Schulenberg, J. Maggs, & K. Hurrelman (Eds.), Health risks and developmental transitions in adolescence (pp. 420-443). New York: Cambridge University Press.
228. Prelow, H. M., Danoff-Burg, S., Swenson, R. R., and Pulgiano, D. (2004). The impact of ecological risk and perceived discrimination on the psychological adjustment of African American and European American youth. Journal of Community Psychology 32(4): 375-389.
229. Prinz, R. J., Blechman, E. A., and Dumas, J. E. (1994). An evaluation of peer coping-skills training for childhood aggression. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology 23: 193-203.
230. Pyant, C. T., and Yanico, B. J. (1991). Relationship of racial identity and gender-role attitudes to Black women's psychological well being. Journal of Counseling Psychology 38: 315-322.
231. Quintana, S. M., Castaneda-English, P., and Ybarra, V. C. (1999). Role of perspective-taking abilities and ethnic socialization in development of adolescent ethnic identity. Journal of Research on Adolescence 9: 161-184.
232. Ramirez, J. R., Crano, W. D., Quist, R., Burgon, M., Alvaro, E. M., and Grandpre, J. (2004). Acculturation, familism, parental monitoring, and knowledge as predictors of marijuana and inhalant use in adolescents. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors 18: 2-11.
233. Rao, N., McHale, J. P., and Pearson, E. (2003). Links between socialization goals and child-rearing practices in Chinese and Indian mothers. Infant and Child Development 12: 475-492.
234. Redfield, R., Linton, R., and Herskovits, M. (1936). Memorandum on the study of acculturation. American Anthropologist 38: 149-152.
235. Reid, J. B., Baldwin, D. V., Patterson, G. R., and Dishion, T. J. (1988). Observations in the assessment of childhood disorders. In M. Rutter, A. H. Tuma, & I. S. Lann (Eds.), Assessment and diagnosis in child psychopathology (pp. 156-195). New York: Guilford.
236. Reid, J. B., and Patterson, G. R. (1989). The development of antisocial behavior patterns in childhood and adolescence. European Journal of Personality 3: 107-119.
237. Resnicow, K., Soler, R., Braithwaite, R., Ben Selassie, M., and Smith, M. (1999). Development of a racial and ethnic identity scale for African American adolescents: The survey of Black life. Journal of Black Psychology 25: 171-188.
238. Reynolds, A. J. (1992). Comparing measures of parental involvement and their effects on academic achievement. Early Childhood Research Quarterly 7: 441-462.
239. Rieckmann, T. R., Wadsworth, M. E., and Deyhle, D. (2004). Cultural identity, explanatory style, and depression in Navajo adolescents. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology 10: 365-382.
240. Rohner, R. P., and Pettengill, S. M. (1985). Perceived parental acceptance-rejection and parental control among Korean adolescents. Child Development 56: 524-528.
241. Rolfe, J. E., Nansel, T. R., Baldwin, J. A., Johnson, J. L., and Benally, C. C. (2002). HIV/AIDS and alcohol and other drug abuse prevention in American Indian communities: Behavioral and community effects. In P. D. Mail, S. Heurtin-Roberts, S.E. Martin, & J. Howard (Eds.), Alcohol use among American Indians: Multiple perspectives on a complex problem (NIAAA Research Monograph, No. 37, pp. 295-319). Bethseda, MD: National Institutes on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism.
242. Roosa, M. W., Deng, S., Ryu, E., Burrell, G. L., Tein, J. Jones, S., et al. (2005). Family and child characteristics linking neighborhood context and child externalizing behavior. Journal of Marriage and Family 67: 515-529.
243. Rosenbloom, S. R., and Way, N. (2004). Experiences of discrimination among African American, Asian American, and Latino Adolescents in an urban high school. Youth & Society 35: 420-451.
244. Rothbart, M. K., and Bates, J. (1998). Temperament. In W. Damon (Series Ed.) & N. Eisenberg (Vol. Ed.), Handbook of child psychology: Vol. 3. Social, emotional, and personality development (pp. 105-176). New York: Wiley.
245. Rothbart, M. K., Ellis, L. K., and Posner, M. I. (2004). Temperament and self-regulation. In R. F. Baumeister, & K. D. Vohs (Eds.), Handbook of self-regulation: Research, theory, and applications (pp. 357-370). New York: Guilford Press.
246. Rotheram-Borus, M. J., and Phinney, J. S. (1990). Patterns of social expectations among Black and Mexican American children. Child Development 61: 542-556.
247. Salazar, L. P., Schludermann, S. M., Schludermann, E. H., and Huynh, C. (2000). Filipino adolescents' parental socialization for academic achievement in the United States. Journal of Adolescent Research 15: 564-586.
248. de Salgado Snyder, V. N. (1987). Factors associated with acculturative stress and depressive symptomatology among married Mexican immigrant women. Psychology of Women Quarterly 11: 475-488.
249. Samaniego, R. Y., and Gonzales, N. A. (1999). Multiple mediators of the effects of acculturation status on delinquency for Mexican-American adolescents. American Journal of Community Psychology 27: 189-210.
250. Sampson, R. J., and Groves, W. B. (1989). Community structure and crime: Testing social-disorganization theory. American Journal of Sociology 94: 774-802.
251. Sanders, M. R., Dadds, M. R., Johnston, B. M., and Cash, R. (1992). Childhood depression and conduct disorder: I. Behavioral, affective, and cognitive aspects of family problem solving interactions. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 101: 495-504.
252. Sanders-Thompson, V. L. (1994). Socialization to race and its relationship to racial identification among African Americans. Journal of Black Psychology 20: 175-188.
253. Schmader, T., Major, B., and Gramzow, R. H. (2001). Coping with ethnic stereotypes in the academic domain: Perceived injustice and psychological disengagement. Journal of Social Issues 57: 93-111.
254. Scott, L. D. (2003). The relation of racial identity and racial socialization to coping with discrimination among African American adolescents. Journal of Black Studies 33: 520-538.
255. Segal, U. A. (1991). Cultural variables in Asian-Indian families. Families in Society: The Journal of Contemporary Human Services 72: 233-242.
256. Semaj, L. T. (1985). Afrikananity, cognition, and external self-identity. In M. Spencer, G. Brookin, & W. Allen (Eds.), Beginnings: The social and affective development (pp. 59-72). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
257. Shaw, D. S., Dishion, T. J., Supplee, L., Gardner, F., and Arnds, K. (2006). Randomized trial of a family-centered approach to the prevention of early conduct problems: 2-year effects of the Family Check-Up in early childhood. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 74: 1-9.
258. Simons, R. L., Murry, V., McLoyd, V., Lin, K., Cutrona, C., and Conger, R. D. (2002). Discrimination, crime, ethnic identity and parenting as correlates of depressive symptoms among African American children: A multilevel analysis. Developmental and Psychopathology 14: 371-393.
259. Slaughter, D. T. (1983). Early intervention and its effects on maternal and child development. Monographs for the Society for Research in Child Development 48: 1-83.
260. Sorenson, S. B., and Siegel, J. M. (1992). Gender, ethnicity, and sexual assault: Findings from a Los Angeles study. Journal of Social Issues 48: 93-104.
261. Spoth, R., Guyll, M., Chao, W., and Molgaard, V. (2003). Exploratory study of a preventive intervention with general population African American families. Journal of Early Adolescence 23: 435-468.
262. Steele, R. G., Nesbitt-Daly, B. A., Daniel, B. A., and Forehand, R. (2005). Factor structure of parenting scale in low-income African American sample. Journal of Child and Family Studies 14: 535-549.
263. Steinberg, L., Dornbusch, S. M., and Brown, B. B. (1992). Ethnic differences in adolescent achievement: An ecological perspective. American Psychologist 47: 723-729.
264. Steinberg, L., Elmen, J. D., and Mounts, N. S. (1989). Authoritative parenting, psycho-social maturity, and academic success among adolescents. Child Development 60: 1424-1436.
265. Stevenson, H. C. (2002). Wrestling with destiny: The cultural socialization of anger and healing in African American males. Journal of Psychology and Christianity 21: 357-364.
266. Stevenson, H. C., Cameron, R., Herrero-Taylor, T., and Davis, G. Y. (2002). Development of the teenager experience of racial socialization scale: Correlates of race-related socialization frequency from the perspective of Black youth. Journal of Black Psychology 28: 84-106.
267. Stubben, J. D. (2001). Working with and conducting research among American Indian families. American Behavioral Scientist 44: 1466-1481.
268. Sue, S., Fujino, D. C., Hu, L., Takeuchi, D. T., and Zane, N. W. S. (1991). Community mental health services for ethnic minority groups: A test of the cultural responsiveness hypothesis. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 59: 533-540.
269. Sue, D., and Sue, S. (1987). Cultural factors in the clinical assessment of Asian Americans. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 55: 479-487.
270. Sue, S., and Zane, N. (1987). The role of culture and cultural techniques in psychotherapy: A critique and reformation. American Psychologist 42: 37-45.
271. Super, C. M., and Harkness, S. (1986). The developmental niche: A conceptualization at the interface of child and culture. International Journal of Behavioral Development 9: 545-569.
272. Sy, R., and Schulenberg, J. E. (2005). Parent involvement and children's achievement trajectories during the transition to school in Asian American and European American families (Special Issue). Parenting practices and children's adjustment across cultures. International Journal of Behavioral Development 29: 505-515.
273. Szalacha, L. A., Erkut, S., Garcia Coll, C., Alarcon, O., Fields, J. P., and Ceder, I. (2003). Discrimination and Puerto Rican children's and adolescents' mental health. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology 9: 141-155.
274. Szapocznik, J., Kurtines, W. M., and Fernandez, T. (1980). Bicultural involvement and adjustment in Hispanic-American youth. International Journal of Intercultural Relations 4: 353-365.
275. Szapocznik, J., Kurtines, W., Santisteban, D. A., Pantin, H., Scopetta, M. Mancilla, Y., et al. (1997). The evolution of structural ecosystemic theory for working with Latino families. In J. Garcia, & M. C. Zea (Eds.), Psychological interventions and research with Latino populations (pp. 156-180). Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
276. Szapocznik, J., Santisteban, D., Rio, A., Perez-Vidal, A., et al. (1989). Family effectiveness training: An intervention to prevent drug abuse and problem behaviors in Hispanic adolescents. Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 11, 4-27.
277. Tapia, M. I., Schwartz, S. J., Prado, G., Lopez, B., and Pantin, H. (2006). Parent-centered intervention: A practical approach for preventing drug abuse in Hispanic adolescent. Research on Social Work Practice 16: 146-165.
278. Tatum, B. D. (1987). Assimilation blues: Black families in a White community, Northhampton, MA: Hazel-Maxwell.
279. Taylor, R. D. (1996). Kinship support, family management, and adolescent adjustment and competence in African American families. Developmental Psychology 32: 687-695.
280. Terrell, F., Terrell, S. L., and Taylor, J. (1980). Effects of type of reinforcement on the intelligence test performance of Black children. Psychology in the Schools 20: 367-369.
281. Thomas, D. S. (1929). Some new techniques for studying social behavior. Child development monographs (No. 1). New York: Teachers College, Columbia University.
282. Thornton, M. C., Chatters, L. M., Taylor, R. J., and Allen, W. R. (1990). Sociodemographic and environmental correlates of racial socialization. Child Development 61: 401-409.
283. Thurman, P. J., and Green, V. A. (1997). American Indian inhalant use. American Indian and Alaska Native Mental Health Research 8: 24-40.
284. Tobin, J. J., Wu, D. Y. H., and Davidson, D. H. (1989). Preschool in three cultures, New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
285. Umana-Taylor, A. J., and Fine, M. A. (2004). Examining ethnic identity among Mexican-origin adolescents living in the United States. Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences 26: 36-59.
286. Unger, J. B., Ritt-Olson, A., Teran, L., Huang, T., Hoffman, B. R., and Palmer, P. (2002). Cultural values and substance use in a multiethnic sample of California adolescents. Addiction Research and Theory 10: 257-279.
287. Utsey, S. O., Adams., E. P., and Bolden, M. (2000). Development and initial validation of the Africultural coping systems inventory. Journal of Black Psychology 26: 194-215.
288. Varela, R. E., Vernberg, E. M., Sanches-Sosa, J. J., Riveros, A., Mitchell, M., and Mashunkashey, J. (2004). Parenting style of Mexican, Mexican American and Caucasian-non-Hispanic families: Social context and cultural influences. Journal of Family Psychology 18: 651-657.
289. Vega, W. A., and Gil, A. G. (1998). Drug use and ethnicity in early adolescence, New York: Plenum Press.
290. Vega, W. A., Khoury, E. L., Zimmerman, R. S., Gil, A. G., and Warheit, G. J. (1995). Cultural conflicts and problem behaviors of Latino adolescents in home and school environments. Journal of Community Psychology 23: 167-179.
291. Vega, W. A., Kolody, B., Valle, J. R., and Hough, R. (1986). Depressive symptoms and their correlates among immigrant Mexican women in the United States. Social Science & Medicine 22: 645-652.
292. Vega, W. A., Zimmerman, R., Gil, A. G., Warheit, G., and Apospori, E. (1993). Acculturative strain theory: Its application in explaining drug use behavior among Cuban and non-Cuban Hispanic youth. In M. De La Rosa (Ed.), Drug abuse among minority youth: Advances in research and methodology (pp. 163-182). Rockville, MD: National Institute of Drug Abuse.
293. Vivero, V. N., and Jenkins, S. R. (1999). Existential hazards of the multicultural individual: Defining and understanding "cultural homelessness". Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology 5: 6-26.
294. Walker-Barnes, C. J., and Mason, C. A. (2001). Perceptions of risk factors for female gang involvement among African American and Hispanic women. Youth and Society 32: 303-336.
295. Walters, K. L., Simoni, J. M., and Evans-Campbell, T. (2002). Substance abuse among American Indians and Alaska Natives: Incorporating culture in an "Indigenist" stress-coping paradigm. Public Health Reports 117(Suppl. 1): S104-S117.
296. Wampold, B. E. (2001). The great psychotherapy debate: Models, methods, and findings, Hillsdale, NJ: L. Erlbaum Associates.
297. Watson, J. B. (1929). "Is thinking merely the action of language mechanisms?" Journal of Psychology 11: 87-104.
298. Webster-Stratton, C., and Hammond, M. (1988). Maternal depression and its relationship to life stress, perceptions of child behavior problems, parenting behaviors, and child conduct problems. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology 16(3): 299-315.
299. Weinraub, M., and Wolf, B. M. (1983). Effects of stress and social supports on mother-child interactions in single- and two-parent families. Child Development 54: 1297-1311.
300. Whaley, A. L. (2000). Sociocultural differences in the developmental consequences of the use of physical discipline during childhood for African Americans. Cultural Diversity & Ethnic Minority Psychology 6(1): 5-12.
301. Whitbeck, L. B., McMorris, B. J., Hoyt, D. R., Stubben, J. D., and LaFromboise, T. (2002). Perceived discrimination, traditional practices, and depressive symptoms among American Indians in the Upper Midwest. Journal of Health and Social Behavior 43: 400-418.
302. White, J. L., and Parham, T.A. (1990). The psychology of Blacks: An African-American perspective (2nd ed.). Englewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall.
303. Williams, C. L., and Berry, J. W. (1991). Primary prevention of acculturative stress among refugees: Application of psychological theory and practice. American Psychologist 46: 632-641.
304. Williams, D. R. (1999). Race, sociocconomic status, and health: The added effects of racism and discrimination. In N. Adler, & M. Marmot (Eds.), Socioeconomic stunts and health in industrial nations: Social, psychological, and biological pathways: Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences (Vol. 896, pp. 173-188). New York: New York Academy of Sciences.
305. Wills, T. A., and Dishion, T. J. (2003). Temperament and adolescent substance use: A transactional analysis of emerging self-control. In P. Frick & W. Silverman (Eds.), Temperament and childhood psychopathology (Special Issue). Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 33(1), 69-81.
306. Wills, T. A., and Dishion, T. J. (2004). Temperament and adolescent substance use: A transactional analysis of emerging self-control. In P. Frick, & W. Silverman (Eds.), Temperament and childhood psychopathology [Special Issue]. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 33(1), 69-81.
307. Wise, F., and Miller, N. B. (1983). The mental health of the American Indian child. In G. J. Powell (Ed.), The psychosocial development of minority group children (pp. 344-361). New York: Bnumer/Mazel.
308. Wong, C. A., Eccles, J. S., and Sameroff, A. (2003). The influence of ethnic discrimination and ethnic identification on African American adolescents' school and socioemotional adjustment. Journal of Personality 71: 1197-1232.
309. Wong, M. G. (1990). The education of White, Chinese, Filipino, and Japanese students: A look at "High School and Beyond". Sociological Perspectives 33: 353-374.
310. Woods, L. N., and Jagers, R. J. (2003). Are cultural values predictors of moral reasoning in African American adolescents? Journal of Black Psychology 29: 102-118.
311. Wright, B. (1985). The effects of racial self-esteem on the personal self-esteem of Black youth. International Journal of Intercultural Relations 9: 19-30.
312. Xu, Y., Farver, A. M., Zhang, Z., Zeng, Q., Yu, L., and Cai, B. (2005). Mainland Chinese parenting styles and parent-child interaction. International Journal of Behavioral Development 29: 524-531.
313. Young, V. H. (1974). A Black American socialization pattern. American Ethnologist 1: 405-413.
314. Zayas, L. H. (1992). Childrearing, social stress and child abuse: Clinical considerations with Hispanic families. Journal of Social Distress and the Homeless 1: 291-309.
315. Zea, M. C., Mason, M. A., and Murguia, A. (2000). Latino/Latina religious traditions: Implications for psychotherapy. In A. E. Bergin, & P. S. Richards (Eds.), Psychotherapy and religious diversity: A guide for mental health professionals (pp. 397-419). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
316. M. Zhou, and C. L. Bankston (Eds.). (1998). Growing up American: How Vietnamese children adapt to life in the United States (p. 166). New York: Russell Sage Foundation Press.